The Ground Transport Plan outlines strategies to meet the transport needs of the future at Brisbane Airport - Connecting People Building ...
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The Ground Transport Plan outlines
strategies to meet the transport needs
of the future at Brisbane Airport.
Connecting People
Building Opportunities
208 Brisbane Airport Corporation
CHAPTER 12
GROUND
TRANSPORT
PLAN
209
TRANSPORT
GROUND
PLAN
12
GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
BAC has analysed all 12.1 About The Ground how BAC undertook a collaborative
approach during the development of
aspects of non-aviation Transport Plan this GTP, and how this GTP links with
transport into and across state and local government plans.
the airport to design BAC, as the lessee and operator of Additionally, this GTP provides details
strategies and initiatives Brisbane Airport, has developed the of how the transport network is
Brisbane Airport Ground Transport currently operating and how it will
that will improve Plan (GTP). look in five years. A summary of each
accessibility for all. initiative that will be investigated to
The GTP responds to legislative
support the five-year transport plan is
requirements and is an important
included in this GTP.
adjunct to airport planning as outlined
in this Master Plan.
The purpose of the GTP is to:
12.3 About Current
» Report on the existing and future
transport trends at the airport
Transport Choices
» Identify transport initiatives and
actions to support the economic Airline Passengers
growth of the airport
Assessments show that private
» Target immediate and short-term vehicles are the choice of transport
opportunities to improve capacity, for 59% of passengers using the
provide transport choice and Domestic T2 and 72% of passengers
encourage the use of sustainable using the International T1.
transport modes such as public
Taxis provide transport between the
transport and cycling.
terminals and other locations for
The GTP specifically addresses approximately 18% of passengers, with
ground transport needs on and around the majority of taxi trips occurring to
Brisbane Airport for the five-year or from the Domestic T2.
period between 2014 and 2019. Airport-Wide Preferred Choice
of Transport
Combining the transport choices of
12.2 Structure of airline passengers and those who work
the Ground across Brisbane Airport, then 96% of
trips are typically by vehicle (inclusive of
Transport Plan taxis) and 4% are by public transport.
Through this GTP and its initiatives,
In accordance with the Airports BAC seeks to increase the use of
Act 1996 (Airports Act), the GTP public transport across the airport.
forms part of the 2014 Master Plan. To achieve this goal BAC will address:
This GTP contains details on the
» The need to secure additional
transport network and options on and
public transport options to cater
surrounding the airport,
for the large number of shift-based
airport employees
210 Brisbane Airport Corporation
View across Brisbane Airport raod network
» The significant length of time it 12.4 About the Road airport and many external destinations,
takes to get to Brisbane Airport including the Brisbane Central Business
using public transport from Network District (CBD).
geographically constrained areas in
Some key roads such as Kingsford
Brisbane’s eastern suburbs, such as
Brisbane Airport is well connected Smith Drive, Southern Cross Way and
Bulimba and Cleveland
by a relatively new on airport and the Gateway Motorway are forecast to
» The need to secure better public surrounding area road network. The remain busy during the commuter peak
transport connectivity between surrounding road network is controlled hour periods.
Brisbane’s northern suburbs and and planned by the Department of
On-airport, the Domestic Terminal
the airport, noting that the highest Transport and Main Roads (TMR) and
Upgrade Project (DTU) completed in
proportion of trips to the airport Brisbane City Council (BCC), while
2012, which included major changes to
emanate from this catchment all on-airport roads are developed,
the road network at the terminal face,
operated and maintained by BAC.
» Limited information for aircraft has alleviated daily peak pressures in
passengers and employees on the The two major roads providing access the terminal precinct.
modes of transport available other to Brisbane Airport are Airport Drive
Forecast vehicle demands show that
than the private vehicle and Moreton Drive. The nearby
within the five year timeframe of this
Gateway Motorway is designated a
» The offering of on-airport car GTP, and with the exception of several
Priority 1 Freight Route1 with Airport
parking, particularly for employees, localised upgrades, no significant on-
Drive and the Kingsford Smith Drive /
noting that a reduction in on-airport airport road upgrades are required to
Eagle Farm Road / Main Myrtletown
parking at airport business locations address capacity constraints.
Road corridor also supporting
may encourage increased use of
freight movements. Beyond the GTP timeframes several
public transport.
significant road upgrades are required
Airport Link and the flyover connecting
and planning for these will begin within
the East West Arterial to Airport Drive
the five year period of this GTP and
completed in 2011, provides additional
2014 Master Plan.
road capacity for travel between the
1 Priority One Freight Routes facilitate high volume,
business-to-business freight movements. These routes
carry more than 1000 articulated trucks per day.
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 211
12 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
TABLE 12.1: THE 10 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN INITIATIVES
12.5 About Public
Transport Initiative
Initiative 1 Improve the on-airport road network (Ron)
Initiative 2 Improve the off-airport road network (Rof)
Public transport services at Brisbane
Airport include: Initiative 3 Improve parking (Pa)
» Airtrain, a privately owned and Initiative 4 Improve the rail network and services (Ra)
operated rail line connecting the Initiative 5 Improve taxi, bus, coach and shuttle services (Tb)
Domestic T2 and International T1 Initiative 6 Support freight movements through the airport (Fr)
to the Brisbane CBD and the Gold
Initiative 7 Improve active transport facilities at the airport and link (At)
Coast, via Eagle Junction. Airtrain
to the external network
operates seven days a week
Initiative 8 Improve information and signage for travel to, from, and (Inf)
» Translink operates public bus within the airport
routes serving Airport Central
Initiative 9 Encourage passengers to use alternative modes (Pax)
Skygate, Airport South Da Vinci and
Airport East Initiative 10 Encourage employees to use alternative modes (Emp)
» BAC operates the Terminal Bus
(T-Bus) shuttle service between TABLE 12.2: AGENCY AND PROGRAM ALLOCATION
Skygate, the International T1 and Short-Term
the Domestic T2 Lead Agency (2014 – 2019)
» BAC operates the staff bus (S-Bus) Brisbane Airport Corporation 26
service between the staff car park,
Transport and Main Roads 11
located adjacent to the International
T1, and the Domestic T2 Brisbane City Council 4
TOTAL 41
» Coach and shuttle services, run
by private operators that provide
connections with the Brisbane CBD,
and regional areas. 12.6 About Active 12.7 About GTP
Airtrain operates under the Brisbane Transport Recommendations
Airport Rail Link (BARL) contract,
which runs until 2036. It includes
Walking and cycling account for The GTP recommends the
restrictions on the ability to increase
less than 1% of movements at implementation of 10 initiatives
public transport services to Brisbane
Brisbane Airport. incorporating 41 programs to be
Airport, which cannot be breached by
implemented between 2014 and
the state. The airport terrain is conducive to
2019. The 10 initiatives are outlined
walking and cycling and opportunities
Notwithstanding current constraints, in Table 12.1 with the details of the
exist to improve the degree to which
the GTP identifies opportunities for corresponding activity programs outlined
these modes are used.
improvements within the existing in Section 12.15 of this document.
bus network to include services to Higher take up rates for these transport
The GTP also identifies the agency or
the terminals and other locations options can be achieved by providing
organisation that will lead each of the
not competing with Airtrain, with a high quality infrastructure and good
41 programs identified in this document.
particular focus on serving the specific intra-airport linkages, as well as
This division of responsibility was
needs of shift workers. connections to the external network.
determined following consultation with
Currently, some gaps still exist in the agencies responsible for delivering road
existing active transport network, and transport programs in South East
however through initiatives and plans Queensland (SEQ).
that will be delivered during the next
Table 12.2 breaks the 41 programs
five year period, walking and cycling
down by lead agency and number.
will become more attractive.
212 Brisbane Airport Corporation
12.8 Implementation » Deliver proactive response to Table 12.3 outlines BAC’s level of
climate change investment in transport infrastructure
since 2004.
» Contribute to regional economic
The implementation of the GTP wealth and employment generation BAC has also contributed in planning
programs will involve coordination studies and resources to support
between BAC and other stakeholders, » Ensure selective, profitable and
the development of major road
including local and state government timely commercial development at
infrastructure projects such as the
agencies and public transport Brisbane Airport
Gateway Motorway and Airport
operators. BAC’s role ranges » Delivers on BAC’s vision of world Roundabout Upgrade projects. Land
from a supporting stakeholder to best and preferred choice for transferred from the Commonwealth
active implementation. passengers, airlines, business and to state is another form of transport
More complex programs will require the community. investment by BAC to support these
further investigation and planning work significant projects.
before advancing to construction/ BAC INVESTMENT
implementation, with investigation IN TRANSPORT LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENT
required to determine the feasibility, INFRASTRUCTURE FOR A GTP
design, costs and benefits for Brisbane Airport is located The Australian Government’s National
each program. approximately 8 km from the Brisbane Aviation Policy Issues Paper released
CBD and is strategically positioned in April 2008 initiated discussion on
between the Gold Coast and Sunshine key areas for consideration in long-
Coast. Brisbane Airport consists of the term aviation planning, including
12.9 Background International T1 and Domestic T2 and transport planning.
operates 24 hours a day, seven days
Subsequent review processes led to the
a week.
As outlined earlier, the Brisbane Airport amendment of the Airports Act in 2011
GTP is in response to legislative Since Brisbane Airport was privatised to include a requirement for airports
requirements and is an important in 1997, BAC has invested significantly to produce a ground transport plan
adjunct to airport planning. The GTP in infrastructure, and over the relating to landside areas, incorporating:
provides a planning framework that past 10 years has invested almost
enables BAC to confirm transport $600 million in transport infrastructure.
agencies short term plans and work
collaboratively with them to plan and TABLE 12.3: TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT FROM 2004
implement the initiatives and plans
contained within this document. Spend
Item (AU$) Timing
OBJECTIVES OF THE GTP Domestic long-term multi-level car park expansion $28 million 2004
» Maximise connectivity and International T1 undercover car park $37 million 2007
accessibility New major road access to terminals relieving
$220 million 2009
» Facilitate safe and secure significant congestion
movement of people and freight Central Parking Area (CPA), Stage 1, taxi area $47 million 2010
» Deliver innovative, efficient and Domestic undercover short-term car park $190 million 2012
continuous airport services Domestic T2 pedestrian access project and
$43 million 2012
road improvements
» Continue agency partnering which
builds on an integrated transport Bus stops and connecting bus roads $1.1 million 2002–2013
connection plan Cycle and pedestrian paths $1.5 million 2002–2013
» Timely delivery of seamless Road sign upgrades and improvements $0.5 million 2002–2013
transport system that provides new Minor road works $2.55 million 2002–2013
and improved capacity
Intersection upgrade Qantas and Lomandra Drive $7.6 million 2013
» Minimise adverse environmental Moreton Drive off ramp to Nancy Bird Way $3.6 million 2014
impacts
TOTAL $581 million
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 213
12 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
» A road network plan While this GTP responds to the
legislative requirement, BAC considers
» Facilities for moving people
transport planning to be a continual
(including passengers, employees
and an essential component of
and other airport users) and
its obligation to operate Brisbane
freight at the airport (including the
Airport responsibly and efficiently.
airport’s road infrastructure, road
Comprehensive transport plans have
connections, car parking facilities, 1 International T1 multi-level
formed part of its master planning
public transport services and car park.
process since 1997.
facilities for taxis and private coach 2 Shuttle bus enters the Domestic
or shuttle services) T2 precinct.
GTP FRAMEWORK
» Linkages between the road network 2
Figure 12.1 illustrates the framework
and public transport system outside
used to develop the GTP initiatives
the airport
and programs. It also shows the
» Arrangements for working with alignment between the GTP
state and local authorities or initiatives, the sustainability pillars
other bodies responsible for as outlined in this Master Plan
the road network and ground and the wider Brisbane and SEQ
transport system transport plans.
» The capacity of the ground
transport system to support
airport operations and other
airport activities
» The likely effect of the proposed
developments set out in the Master
Plan on the ground transport
system and traffic flows surrounding
the airport.
1
214 Brisbane Airport Corporation
FIGURE 12.1: GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN POLICY FRAMEWORK
Brisbane Airport Vision
To be world best
2014 – 2034
Master Plan
Economic Social Operational Environmental
Transport Vision
“Maximise the efficient movement of people (employees, passengers and other
airport users) and freight at the airport.”
y Contribute to y Maximise y Facilitate safe y Minimise adverse
regional connectivity and and secure environmental
y Transport Plan for Brisbane
economic wealth accessibility movement of impacts
and employment y Continue agency people and freight y Develop a proactive
generation partnering whish y Deliver innovative, response to climate
y Ensure selective, builds on an efficient and change
profitable and integrated transport continuous airport
timely commercial connection plan services
development
Ground Transport Plan
Timely delivery of a reliable transport system
2014 – 2019
which provides new and improved capacity
y Connecting SEQ 2031
Initiatives
Improve the Improve the Improve taxi, bus,
Parking Rail network
on-airport road off-airport road coach and
improvements improvements
network network shuttle services
(Pa) (Ra)
(Ron) (Rof) (Tb)
Support freight Improve Improve Encourage Encourage
movements through active transport information and passengers to use employees to use
the airport facilities signage alternative modes alternative modes
(Fr) (At) (Inf) (Pax) (Emp)
Actions
Mode Share Projections
Refer Table 12.16
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 215
12 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
12.10 Engagement Airport raod network
Framework
INTRODUCTION
The GTP has been developed with the
assistance and input of government
bodies responsible for the delivery of
transport networks across Queensland.
Their experience, insights and technical
knowledge have contributed to the
development of a range of programs and
initiatives that will, over time, improve
ground transport options and services
at Brisbane Airport, while improving
connectivity to areas around the airport.
AGENCY ENGAGEMENT
Stakeholder consultation and
participation has played an integral role
in developing the GTP. Consultation The purpose of the workshop was to: Workshop 2 (2012)
activities included a visioning workshop
» Outline the purpose and objectives Workshop 2 was held on 5 June 2012
with all agencies and two detailed
of the GTP and provide details with representatives from BAC, BCC,
workshops, supplemented by feedback
about studies and research used TMR and TTA to:
and endorsement processes. Ongoing
to define the transport context for
consultation and input are planned as » Inform stakeholders of work
Brisbane Airport
part of the GTP implementation. undertaken since the Workshop 1
» Identify initiatives and programs
In 2012, BAC released an agency » Provide responses to stakeholder
that the GTP should contain, with
endorsed version of its GTP which feedback
emphasis on programs that would
has been used as the platform for
need to be led by external agencies, » Present the findings from further
this document. The summaries of
or involve multiple agencies technical assessment
outcomes from those workshops are
important to include as background » Understand links with the external » Discuss proposed programs,
for this version of the GTP to provide transport network and begin benefits and agency responsibilities
input and alignment between 2012 and to establish responsibilities for
» Present the proposed seven-
2013 priorities and plans. initiatives and programs that will
year implementation timeline
involve working with state and local
It is important to note that BAC has (2012 to 2019).
government agencies.
undertaken a consultative approach
Agency Visioning Workshop
with the agencies to developing Between workshops, BAC:
a long-term GTP vision to ensure As the first of several workshops held
» Refined and tested transport
benefits of this plan continue past the specifically for the 2014 Master Plan,
options resulting from Workshop 1
five-year framework of this GTP. the purpose of this workshop held on
» Planned and programmed initiatives 23 July 2013 was to seek input from
Stakeholder engagement activities
based on outcomes of Workshop 1 the agency representatives and to
comprised:
identify opportunities and projects
» Prioritised initiatives based on the
Workshop 1 (2012) that would benefit both BAC and
GTP framework
the agencies.
Workshop 1 was held on 24 January
» Issued reports to the agencies
2012 involving representatives from
to seek agreement on workshop
BAC, BCC, TMR and TransLink Transit
outcomes.
Authority (TTA).
216 Brisbane Airport Corporation
Representatives from BCC and Transport Agency Working public transport services with peaks,
TMR, identified two major topics Group – Workshop 1 transition of employees to public
as a result of the workshop, being transport, mass transit opportunities
The first of the transport working
transport networks including public and consideration of CityCat
group meetings was held on 27 August
transport and property development at connection from Northshore
2013 and was represented by BCC,
Brisbane airport. As the two topics are
TMR and the Department of State » Road capacity including the need
interrelated, several themes emerged
Development, Innovation and Planning to invest to maintain egress and
from the discussions including:
(DSDIP). The purpose of the working access to standards as experienced
» Transport between employment group gathering was to: at 2013, identify how new parts of
nodes; the road network can be addressed
» Provide an overview of BAC’s
(e.g. Kingsford Smith Drive and
» Functionality of the transport work completed to date since the
Doomben Interchange) including the
networks 2012 GTP
importance of freight movements
» Generating a shift toward » Understand the agencies overview and the road space it occupies
public transport and strategic directions for transport
» Active transport including linkages
» The need for a third rail station » Discuss the outcomes of the from off to on-airport networks, roll
visioning workshop out of end of trip facilities, active
» Public transport servicing for a
to public transport links and road
24/7 airport » Allow for an open discussion on
safety education programs
programs or ideas, identification
» The balance between BAC’s parking
of the most significant challenges » Parking including linkages of
business and road demands.
facing ground transport at the mass parking to public transport
As a result of the themes arising airport and to prioritise a list of top connections.
from the visioning workshop, working programs for the next five years.
As a result of the workshop, the group
groups would discuss and agree the
The group identified four critical were to interrogate their respective
key priorities and programs to address
drivers for ground transport and organisations transport plans to
how these themes could be converted
planning as prioritised below: identify what opportunities existed
to implementation.
to progress the above priorities and
» Public transport including transfers
ensure that these were valued options
from terminals and outside airport
to ratify at the following working
to airport precincts, alignment of
group meeting.
A view across to the International T1 with Airtrain in foreground
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 21712 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
Transport Agency Working Group ENDORSEMENT PROCESS » The Brisbane Airport Community
– Workshop 2 Aviation Consultative Group
Following the transport agency
(BACACG), which is independently
Prior to the second working group, workshops, stakeholders conducted
chaired and provides opportunities
held on 12 November 2013, the group internal consultation within their
for BAC to share information on
was provided with an updated initiative organisations to establish if there were
development plans for the airport,
plan that reflected programs from any substantial program changes.
among other matters. This forum
the 2012 GTP. The working group Stakeholders then held briefings within
involves community members,
identified each agency’s role from the their organisation on an initial draft GTP.
representatives of the Queensland
initiatives and confirmed timing of Feedback from these briefings has been
Government and BCC, as well as
those initiatives where known. incorporated into the final GTP.
major airlines, Airservices Australia
Additionally, the working group and BAC
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
members confirmed where the
» BAC also has a range of
priorities as established at 27 August BAC consults closely with all levels
consultative forums with the
2013 workshop lay in the initiative of government in the management,
Queensland Government and BCC
program. Specifically by priorities, the operation and development of Brisbane
to ensure integrated planning and
following points were discussed: Airport, including the development of
delivery of key infrastructure on
this GTP.
» Public transport: Until 2016, new and off the airport. To that extent,
agency public transport services This commitment to actively engage BAC has initiated the Brisbane
will be difficult to implement, the with stakeholders also includes building Airport Area Round Table (BAART)
need for a third Airtrain station is strong relationships with the Brisbane as a Planning Co-ordination Forum
endorsed subject to contractual community, facilitated through regular (PCF) including BAC and all levels
agreements, opportunities to extend forums and group presentations. of government, which is designed
on to off airport bus services will to deliver better planning outcomes.
Matters ranging from aircraft noise,
be reviewed
environmental management and It is expected that through these
» Road capacity: A western the operation of Brisbane Airport‘s forums and others held specifically in
connection option can be supported road network, including the GTP, relation to the initiatives and programs
subject to capacity considerations, are canvassed in these meetings, in the GTP, BAC will continue to
other connecting projects such as which include: engage with transport agencies to
Doomben interchange to Lomandra ensure off and on-airport activities are
» The Brisbane Airport Community
Drive are not identified as an integrated and aligned.
Engagement Program, which
agency high priority
involves regular presentations
» Active transport: Support in general on airport initiatives, issues and
for initiatives to improve active activities to ensure that all levels
transport links of government and the community
are involved and informed
» Parking: General agency support
about planning and growth at
for opportunities to explore public
Brisbane Airport
transport and parking links.
» The Brisbane Airport Community
Transport Agency Working Group
Forum (BACF) which is designed
– Workshop 3
as an open platform for members
Prior to the workshop each member of of the community to find out more
the Working Group was provided with about the airport and for BAC to
a copy of the Preliminary Draft GTP gain feedback on issues affecting
for review and comment. areas surrounding the airport
Because the GTP had been compiled Growth forecasts
in close consultation with Working have been analysed
Group members over a period of to assess and plan for
two years, the plan was considered
future transport needs.
comprehensive and complete, requiring
only minor alterations.
218 Brisbane Airport CorporationNew Domestic T2 road system
12.11 Planning BRISBANE AIRPORT Within the regional catchment,
POPULATION airports competing for domestic and
Context international passengers exist at the
The programs outlined in this GTP
Gold Coast and to a lesser extent the
arise from an assessment of forecast
Sunshine Coast. These airports are both
growth in aircraft passenger numbers
INTRODUCTION approximately 110 km south and north
and the number of people likely to
from Brisbane Airport respectively.
In preparing the GTP and its initiatives work at Brisbane Airport and, what this
and programs, BAC considered a growth means in terms of providing In 2013, Brisbane Airport and
range of relevant growth forecasts appropriate and efficient ground businesses within the Brisbane Airport
to assess future transport needs, as transport infrastructure. Further details boundary employed approximately
well as existing airport planning tools on passenger forecasts can be found 21,000 full-time equivalent employees.
and documents prepared by BAC, and in Chapter 5. This is forecast to increase to around
state and local government planning 51,000 employees by 2034.
Brisbane Airport’s passenger
documents that relate specifically to
catchment comprises a regional
transport planning for Brisbane and
population of approximately 3.4 million
the SEQ region. Outlined in this section
people, as illustrated in Figure 12.2,
are the forecasts and major planning
and a greater catchment within
tools used to inform the GTP.
Queensland and northern New South
Wales of up to five million people.
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 21912 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
FIGURE 12.2: BRISBANE AIRPORT OUTBOUND PASSENGER CATCHMENT
AirportlinkM7
220 Brisbane Airport CorporationHistory of Transport STATE AND LOCAL Key priorities relevant to Brisbane
Infrastructure Planning GOVERNMENT PLANNING Airport are:
and Development
Connecting SEQ 2031: An » Expanding and modernising the
Investment in transport infrastructure Integrated Regional Transport rail network. The plan identifies
at Brisbane Airport in the 10 years Plan for South East Queensland passenger rail upgrades between
from 2004 to 2014 has been around Eagle Junction and the Domestic T2,
Connecting SEQ 20312 is the
$581 million. This investment has and AirportlinkM7 is included as part
Queensland Government’s long-term
provided significant transport capacity of an UrbanLink network with high
transport plan, and includes a multi-
to meet passenger growth and frequency services and a bus-rail
modal plan and policies for public
commercial development through interchange at Skygate
transport, active transport, private
a progressive change in capacity
vehicles and freight. » Transforming the bus network,
introduced by major transport
including a new UrbanLink bus
infrastructure. Therefore, while BAC The plan details the following priorities
network, with high frequency
will continue to invest in this area to for action:
services on strategic corridors.
2019, it is likely to be to a lesser extent.
» Creating compact and connected Skygate is included in the UrbanLink
AIRPORT 2014 MASTER PLAN communities network, with connections to
» Changing travel behaviour Toombul in the east and Cannon Hill
The Master Plan identifies the
in the south
framework for on-airport development
» Improving transport system
between 2014 and 2034. Table 12.4 » Providing priority principal cycle
efficiency and safety
lists five development precincts routes between activity centres
that are defined in the Master Plan » Supporting economic vitality and completing the cycle network,
and which were considered in the » Protecting environmental quality improving integration with public
preparation of this GTP. Refer to and health transport stops and stations,
Chapter 6 for the locations of these providing high quality end-of-trip
precincts across the airport and the » Delivering an integrated transport facilities, and ensuring end-of-
five-year development strategy. network. trip facilities are considered in
2 Department of Transport and Main Roads 2011. new developments
TABLE 12.4: BRISBANE AIRPORT PRECINCTS
Airport
Precinct Sub-Precinct Intent
Airport Central Skygate, Moreton » Concentrated activity with high quality and urban public realm
Drive West, Airport » Energetic precinct for events and 24 hour gateway
Drive West,
» Created as the airport spine, it attracts naturally ventilated and quality
International T1 and
subtropical public realm
Domestic T2
Airport East Airport East » Maximises airside connection potential for industrial and business activities
» A precinct which can respond to changing market demands and
industry requirements
Airport South Export Park, » Efficient and flexible land options which have good transport connections
Da Vinci, Airport » Provisions for high quality built form which is scaled and proportioned to
Industrial Park interface with street and landscape settings
Airport North Airport North » Logistics hub for airside industrial developments and businesses
» Large footprint sites protective of airside operations
Airport West CPA » Integrated with central parking area with direct connections to the terminals
through rapid transit options
» Provides a link to recreation and tourism uses with walking and cycle trails
through ecological areas linking to Moreton Bay and Kedron Brook
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 22112 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
» Ensuring business and industry The plan acknowledges that population » Provide funding for the upgrade
areas are accessible with good growth outside the BCC area would of the Toombul Bus Interchange
connections to the priority freight mean that car trips would continue located off Sandgate Road.
network. The Gateway Motorway, to increase.
Brisbane Active Transport
traversing the airport, is part of the
Queensland Transport and Roads Strategy 2012 – 2026
National Highway network and a
Investment Program 2013 – 2014
key link within the priority freight BCC’s active transport strategy
to 2016 – 2017
route network forecasts that by 2026, one in five
The Queensland Transport and Road transport trips will be by walking and
» Improving efficiency of the local Investment Program (QTRIP) is TMR's cycling, enabled through a vision to
transport system detail of transport and road infrastructure create a high quality, connected and
» Enhancing multi-modal integration. projects to deliver over the 2013/14 accessible pathway network.
to 2016/17 years for roads, bridges
The plan also sets the following mode The strategy is supported by five
railways marine infrastructure and
share targets for SEQ at 2031: active transport priorities which are:
public transport.
» Increasing the share of trips by » Encouraging walking and cycling
Amongst other purposes of the plan,
public transport from 10.3% in 2006
it ensures integrated strategies and » Walking and cycling friendly suburbs
to 20%, taking daily trips from
policies across the public sector with
360,000 in 2006 to 860,000 in 2031 » A connected commuter network
the private sector and enables co-
» Increasing the share of trips by ordination of infrastructure and services » A safe and accessible network
walking from 10.6% in 2006 to across various transport nodes.
» Information at your fingertips.
13% by 2031
Of relevance to the area surrounding
The strategy aligns with BCC’s
» Increasing the share of trips by Brisbane Airport, the QTRIP identifies
Transport Plan and the City Plan
cycling from 1% in 2006 to 11% the following program commitments:
which encourages uptake of cycling
by 2031 and walking to support a reduction in
» Continuation of the additional
» Decreasing the share of trips by northbound lane construction on commuter private vehicle trips and an
car from 78.1% to 56%. This would the Gateway Motorway between increase in recreational trips. This GTP
see all private car trips reduce from Sandgate Road and the Deagon aligns the active transport priorities by
2.7 million in 2006 to 2.4 million Deviation as part of the National encouraging an uptake in cycling and
in 2031. Building program funded by the walking to airport.
Australian Government Transport Plan for
Brisbane 2008 – 2026
Moreton Drive opened in late 2011
The Transport Plan for Brisbane 2008
to 2026 is BCC’s strategy for building a
better, more responsive and accessible
transport system in a climate of
ongoing population growth and lifestyle
pressures. The transport plan has been
developed to act as an integrated local
transport plan under the objectives of
the SEQ Regional Plan.
222 Brisbane Airport CorporationThe transport plan aims to tackle the 12.12 Existing Transport
key challenges3 facing Brisbane and
incorporates six strategies and actions: Network
» Quality public transport – creating
public transport as the preferred
INTRODUCTION
mode of travel to the city’s major Projects such as the
centres, reducing the need to use This section outlines the transport
BAC-funded Moreton
a car network that currently operates at
Brisbane Airport, including a summary
Drive, combined with
» Managed travel demand – creating the AirportlinkM7
of the various roads, transport
a sustainable level of travel demand
services, upgrade work and facilities tunnel and Airport
where growth in traffic is less than
the growth in population
that provide access into and around Roundabout Upgrade
the airport. have alleviated traffic
» Coordinated transport and land
congestion along major
use – managing transport and land TRANSPORT NETWORK
uses to create a preferred urban AND SERVICES airport access routes.
form that increases accessibility,
Internal Road Network
connectivity and supports
sustainable travel behaviour Figure 12.3 shows the on-airport,
road network. » Nancy-Bird Way, providing access
» A safe and efficient road network to the International T1 and the CPA
– ensuring people and goods can Moreton Drive and Airport Drive in Airport West, which provides
move safely on the road network provide the primary access to and waiting facilities for taxis and buses.
by the most efficient modes and from Brisbane Airport. These roads It also connects Moreton Drive and
routes while minimising the impact connect to the surrounding road Airport Drive
of traffic on neighbourhoods and network comprising the Gateway
the environment Motorway, Southern Cross Way and » Dryandra Road, providing access to
the East-West Arterial. the Airport North, general aviation
» Delivering goods on time to the precinct and the Domestic T2
right place – ensuring freight Prior to 2009, Airport Drive was long- term and short-term car parks
moves efficiently and safely the only primary access to Brisbane
within Brisbane, while liveability of Airport, which was constrained as a » Lakeside Drive, connecting
residential areas is protected cul-de-sac at the Domestic T2 and Lomandra Drive to Airport
also by severe congestion at the Central, Skygate
» More clean and green personal
Airport Drive / Gateway Motorway » Boronia Road, providing access
transport – ensuring personal
roundabout, which has since been to the Da Vinci precinct in
transport is clean, green, safe and
converted to a “fast diamond” Airport South
attractive, while providing a genuine
signalised intersection. Airport Drive
alternative to driving. » Sugarmill Road, connecting
is still a major access point, but since
2009 the primary access from the to Lomandra Drive from Eagle
Gateway Arterial to the International T1 Farm Road.
and Domestic T2 is via Moreton Drive. The majority of the access routes
The secondary network within are free-flowing, however at critical
Brisbane Airport comprises: locations such as entries to major
airport precincts there are a number of
» Lomandra Drive, providing access at-grade intersections that control the
from Airport Drive to Main flow of vehicles. Important controlled
Myrtletown Road and to existing intersections include:
and longer-term industrial land use
developments » Moreton Drive / Dryandra Road
signalised intersection
» Pandanus Avenue, providing access
to Airport East » Airport Drive / Dryandra Road
3 The Transport Plan for Brisbane 2008-2026 identifies
the key issues to Brisbane’s transport network roundabout
as population growth and dispersal, changing » Qantas Drive, providing access to
demography, employment forecasts, journey to work
and car usage. the on-airport industrial precincts
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 22312 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.3: BRISBANE AIRPORT ROAD NETWORK PLAN 224 Brisbane Airport Corporation
1 3
1 Active transport infrastructure has
2 been delivered in the past five years.
2 Staff car park at International T1.
3 Buses transfer visitors between
terminal and Skygate.
» Airport Drive / Nancy-Bird Way » Separation of taxis, pick-up and External Road Network
roundabout drop-off private vehicles and other
Figure 12.4 shows the external, or off-
general transport such as coaches,
» Airport Drive / Lomandra Drive airport, road network providing access
buses, and limousines
signalised intersection to and from Brisbane Airport. The
» A new coach access road strategic road network comprises:
» Nancy-Bird Way and Moreton Drive
ramp roundabout » A new public access road for » The Gateway Motorway
passenger drop-offs
» Lomandra Drive / Qantas Drive » Southern Cross Way
signalised intersection » A new designated area for
» East-West Arterial Road
passenger pick-up waiting
» Lomandra Drive / Sugarmill Road
» AirportlinkM7
roundabout » The widening of kerbside space in
front of the terminal for pedestrians. » Kingsford Smith Drive
» Lomandra Drive / Main Myrtletown
Road priority intersection Proposals for future upgrades to the » Nudgee Road.
airport road network include:
» Pandanus Avenue / Main Myrtletown The Gateway Motorway, incorporating
Road priority intersection » Additional lanes on Moreton Drive the Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges across
the Brisbane River, caters for long
» Skygate roundabout linking The » Increased capacity for
distance trips and connects areas
Circuit to Lakeside Drive. Lomandra Drive
north and south of Brisbane to the
As demand increases, these intersections » Realigning Airport Drive to cater for Sunshine Coast and Gold Coast.
will be considered for upgrades. future aviation and terminal support
The Gateway Upgrade Project
development
Major upgrades recently completed completed in 2010 significantly
include the DTU, to improve vehicle » Grade separating the Lomandra enhanced the strategic road network
and pedestrian circulation at the Drive/Airport Drive intersection in the area surrounding Brisbane
Domestic T2. Key features of the Airport, by providing:
» Upgrading the roundabout at the
DTU include:
Domestic T2. » Twelve lanes over the Brisbane
» Segregation of pedestrians and cars River (six in each direction)
» A new elevated covered walkway » Seven km of new motorway
(Skywalk) connects the multi-level between the Brisbane River and
car parks with the terminal Nudgee Road
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 22512 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.4: EXTERNAL ROAD NETWORK PLAN 226 Brisbane Airport Corporation
» Additional access point to Brisbane Other lower order roads providing These proposals include:
Airport at Moreton Drive. access to Brisbane Airport and
» A new interchange on Southern
surrounding land are Sugarmill
AirportlinkM7 is a motorway and tunnel Cross Way at Doomben
Road, Main Myrtletown Road, Main
network completed in July 2012. It
Beach Road, Eagle Farm Road and » Realignment of Main
connects the airport to the Brisbane
Schneider Road. Myrtletown Road
CBD, Clem7 Tunnel and northern
suburbs. The project included the BAC has longer-term plans for a future » Upgrades to intersections along
Airport Roundabout Upgrade, which connection between Lomandra Drive Nudgee Road
was completed in 2011. and Toombul Road and also for a
» Extensions to the road network
western corridor connection into the
This project replaced a roundabout south of Lomandra Drive.
CPA from the Gateway Motorway or
at the Airport Drive entry to Brisbane
Southern Cross Way, which has state These future road extensions
Airport with a fast diamond signalised
conditional endorsement. include Trade Coast Drive and
intersection and included the
Scheider Road. No firm funding
construction of a flyover between the BCC’s recently upgraded section
or timeframe commitments have
East-West Arterial Road and Airport of Kingsford Smith Drive between
been made in relation to these
Drive, over the Gateway Motorway. Harvey Street and Theodore Street,
infrastructure proposals.
Eagle Farm has improved capacity, but
The strategic roads are supported by
further planning for Kingsford Smith
the following urban arterials:
Drive is continuing. These upgrades
» Kingsford Smith Drive, connecting will benefit capacity and safety and
Southern Cross Way with the will provide access for pedestrians
Brisbane CBD. Kingsford Smith and cyclists.
Drive is currently the primary route
Land use development is occurring
between the Brisbane CBD and
in areas immediately surrounding
the airport
Brisbane Airport and there are CONNECTION
» Toombul Road, connecting the preliminary proposals to upgrade the
Virginia industrial area to the road network to cater for associated A western connection to the
Gateway Motorway growth. airport is part of
long-term planning.
» Nudgee Road, connecting Kingsford
Smith Drive with Toombul Road.
Airtrain is an important public transport link
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 22712 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN
Car park payment machines in operation at Brisbane Airport
PARKING
Over 10,000 public parking
spaces are available.
2,500 visitor parking spaces to service
retail outlets and the airport hotel.
Near Airport Parking
Figure 12.5 also shows the locations
of current off-airport parking facilities
near Brisbane Airport. Passengers
park their vehicles at these facilities
530 public open air spaces. An open air and transfer to and from the airport
On-Airport Parking
car park beside the terminal provides terminals by mini-bus. BAC does not
Figure 12.5 shows all parking control the location or pricing of these
approximately 2,480 spaces for
facilities within the airport boundary. facilities and they are not considered
airport employees working at both the
Existing parking facilities at Brisbane within the GTP.
International T1 and Domestic T2.
Airport include:
The number of public and employee Freight
» Undercover and open air public
parking spaces available at the Figure 12.6 shows the Brisbane Airport
parking at the terminals including
terminals meets the current demand. freight access plan, which details the
valet services provided by BAC,
The CPA within Airport West, adjacent B-Double access routes to, from and
Qantas and Virgin Australia
to Moreton Drive, includes a taxi within Brisbane Airport.
» Staff parking adjacent to the
holding area and areas for other Brisbane Airport carries a small volume
International T1
ground transport operators such as of priority and high value cargo that
» Rental car parking at the terminals limousines and coaches. The area is is typically carried in the cargo hold
currently being developed to include of passenger aircraft. Infrequently,
» Employee and public parking in non-
rental car storage and maintenance, specific large-volume cargo aircraft
terminal precincts
and areas for other general transport will use Brisbane Airport for the
» Specialist parking, including taxi operations. There are also plans for international transfer of high-value,
holding areas and ground transport long-term public parking and additional large-sized freight. The existing
operations. staff parking, as the staff parking annual airfreight volumes comprise
area at the International T1 reaches approximately 56,000 tonnes of
The opening of an additional multi-
capacity and are displaced by aircraft imports and around 47,000 tonnes of
level car park at the Domestic T2
apron expansion. exports, with modest future growth
in 2012 significantly increased the
amount of parking available. Parking For other facilities within the airport, expected. There are plans by BAC to
capacity at the Domestic T2 now parking is either within or adjacent target growth in cargo handling at
comprises 8,130 public undercover to individual sites. The provision of Brisbane Airport, but not significant
spaces, 180 public open air spaces, and parking spaces is generally as per local in volume.
740 rental car spaces. government guidelines, and the current
car parking facilities for employees is
A multi-level car park at the
sufficient. The Airport Central, Skygate
International T1 offers approximately
precinct also has approximately
1,670 public undercover spaces and
228 Brisbane Airport CorporationFIGURE 12.5: BRISBANE AIRPORT PARKING MAP
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 22912 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.6: FREIGHT ACCESS PLAN 230 Brisbane Airport Corporation
There are freight warehousing and Junction Station. To connect to the Buses And Shuttle Services
distribution centres within Airport wider rail network, passengers transfer
Translink Bus Services
South, Export Park and Da Vinci to or from the Airtrain service at either
precincts, with vehicle access from Eagle Junction, or at stations within Figure 12.7 shows the TransLink bus
Lomandra Drive. Heavy vehicles the Brisbane CBD. routes servicing Brisbane Airport.
servicing these centres use Lomandra TransLink bus routes do not operate
Airtrain operates 50 services on
Drive for access to and from the to the terminals, but service Airport
a weekday between 5:04am and
Gateway Motorway, either via Airport Central Skygate, Airport South Da
10:04pm, with services running every
Drive, or via Sugarmill Road and Vinci, Airport Industrial Park and
15 minutes during peak periods, and
Kingsford Smith Drive. The Gateway Airport East. Table 12.5 outlines
every 30 minutes at off-peak times.
Motorway is the only Priority 1 Freight the route details, operating times,
On weekends, services run every 30
Route through northern Brisbane. and frequency.
minutes between 6am and 10pm.
The proportion of heavy vehicles using To service the airport precincts,
Brisbane Airport Rail Link Contract
these areas of the Brisbane Airport TransLink bus routes use Kingsford
road network is currently between 10% Airtrain services are managed Smith Drive, Eagle Farm Road, Main
and 12%. through the BARL agreement, which Myrtletown Road, Nudgee Road,
is between Airtrain and the State East-West Arterial Road, Airport Drive,
Passenger Rail
Government. The BARL agreement Lomandra Drive, Boronia Road, Sugarmill
Rail Infrastructure is in place until 2036 and includes Road and the Gateway Motorway.
contract conditions that restrict
Figure 12.7 shows rail infrastructure
introducing public transport services
servicing Brisbane Airport. The rail
that would compete with Airtrain
network comprises the Airtrain link, 2
services. The implications of the BARL
which is an 8.5 km elevated railway
agreement needs further clarification
operating between Eagle Junction
so that public transport service
and the Domestic T2. The rail link
enhancements proposed as part of the
was constructed as a public private
GTP do not contravene the conditions
partnership with Airtrain the private
of the agreement.
company operating the service. The
Airtrain service connects the Domestic
T2 and International T1 to the Brisbane
CBD and Gold Coast via Eagle
1 3
1 Drop-off and pick-up road at
Domestic T2.
2 New technology in car
parks provides information on
spaces available.
3 Lights indicate available car parks.
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 23112 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.7: BRISBANE AIRPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT MAP 232 Brisbane Airport Corporation
TABLE 12.5: TRANSLINK BUS ROUTES
Monday – Frequency
Friday Interchange (mins) Saturday Sunday
Operating Daily Public transport Off- Operating Freq. Operating Freq.
Route hours Services transfer Peak peak hours (mins) hours (mins)
303/302 Pinkenba, Eagle 5am– 3 or 4 303 Eagle Junction 20 None None None None None
Farm, Airport (Pandanus 8:30pm in each and Doomben
Avenue), Doomben, direction Railway Stations
2:15–
Portside, Eagle Junction
6pm 302 Pinkenba bus
Terminus
307 Toombul, Northgate, 8am– 10 Toombul Interchange 60 60 9am – 90 None None
Banyo, Australian Catholic 4pm connection to 3pm
College 590 to Airport
369 Mitchelton to 5:45am– 34 Toombul Interchange 15 30 7:50am– 24 7:50am– 24
and Toombul 7:10pm connection to 7:20pm 7:20pm
590 to Airport
590, Toombul, Airport 6:30– 36 Toombul 15 30 8am– 24 8am– 24
(Skygate, DFO, Boronia 7:20pm Interchange 7:30pm 7:30pm
Road and Lomandra Drive),
Cannon Hill, Carindale,
Garden City
598 Brookside, 6:15am– 25 Toombul Interchange 30 30 7am– 60 None None
Indooroopilly, Garden City, 7pm connection to 7pm
Cannon Hill, Chermside 590 to Airport
(Counterclockwise at
Toombul Interchange)
599 Cannon Hill, Garden 6:20am– 25 Toombul Interchange 30 30 7am– 60 None None
City, Indooroopilly, 6:45pm connection to 7pm
Brookside, Chermside 590 to Airport
(Clockwise at Toombul
Interchange)
Passengers travelling to or from areas On-Airport Bus Services
of Brisbane other than Eagle Farm,
BAC operates its own T-Bus shuttle
Pinkenba, Toombul, Northgate, Wavell
service, which provides transfers
Heights, Chermside, Mitchelton, Mt
between the International and
Gravatt or Carindale must transfer to
Domestic Terminals, and also services
another bus or train service to reach
Airport Central Skygate. The T-Bus
Brisbane Airport.
operates between 5am and 11pm with AIRPORT BUS
Figure 12.8 defines the TransLink a 20-minute frequency.
The T-Bus operates between
Network Zones across Brisbane, the
terminals and Skygate.
Gold Coast and the Sunshine Coast
with Brisbane Airport located in Zone 3.
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 23312 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.8: TRANSLINK NETWORK ZONES 234 Brisbane Airport Corporation
Transfers between the Internatiional At the International T1, taxi pick-up Cycle infrastructure surrounding
T1 and Domestic T2 are a fee-based is via a dedicated facility outside the Brisbane Airport comprises:
service for a one-way adult trip or arrival hall on Level 2. Passenger » Off-road cycle paths including
free for some airline passengers drop-off is outside the departure the Kedron Brook Bikeway along
with valid connecting tickets. The hall on Level 4, which is shared Schultz Canal
bus also runs from the Domestic T2 with private vehicle drop-off for
and International T1 to Skygate. This departing passengers. » The Moreton Bay bikeway
enables connections to and from the connecting Kedron Brook to
TransLink bus services at Skygate. There are intermediate taxi storage Gateway through Airport
areas at both terminals to manage
A courtesy, BAC operated employee » The Jim Soorley Bikeway
taxi supply and passenger demands.
bus service (S-Bus) transfers staff connecting the Kedron Brook
A holding area for up to 500 taxis
between the employee car park, Bikeway to the Moreton Bay
at the CPA provides for overall taxi
adjacent to the International T1, and Bikeway, and the Gateway
the Domestic T2. The S-Bus operates management to service both terminals. Bridge Cycleway
24 hours a day with a maximum Active Transport » On-road cycle lanes along Kingsford
10-minute frequency.
Figure 12.9 shows the existing active Smith Drive between Theodore
Coach and Shuttle Operations transport network at Brisbane Airport. Street and the Gateway Motorway,
Eagle Farm.
Table 12.6 outlines privately operated There are wide shared paths around
coach and shuttle services that operate Parts of the cycling network are
the Domestic T2, International T1,
between the terminals and other areas vulnerable to flooding, including the
Airport East and Airport Central
within and outside Brisbane. Kedron Brook Bikeway. Therefore,
Skygate. Footpaths are also provided
on-road cycle lanes are important to
Taxis in the Airport South Export Park,
complement the off-road cycle paths.
Taxis make a major contribution to Da Vinci and Airport East precincts.
The existing off-road cycle network
the carriage of airline passengers Off-road cycle paths exist along also has the following physical gaps:
to and from the Domestic T2 and Charlie Earp Bridge, Lakeside Drive,
International T1 to off-airport locations. Viola Place and The Circuit. Many of » Some minor disconnected sections
these shared paths and cycle paths of existing pathway along The
At the Domestic T2, pick-up is via
currently do not connect to form a Circuit in Skygate
a taxi lane outside the arrival halls.
Drop- off is also via a dedicated complete network. » Missing connection between Viola Place
adjacent taxi lane. and the Gateway Bridge Cycleway.
TABLE 12.6: DETAILS OF COACH AND SHUTTLE BUSES AS AT MARCH 2014
Operator Origin / Destination Frequency
Sun-Air Sunshine Coast 17 daily services
Con-X-ion Sunshine Coast 10 daily services
Brisbane CBD Hotels 21 daily services from 3am to 11pm
Gold Coast 16 daily services from 5am to 9pm
Airport Flyer Toowoomba 7 daily services (Monday to Thursday)
Warwick 3 daily services (Friday)
6 daily services (Sunday)
Byron Bay Shuttle Byron Bay & 4 daily services (Monday to Saturday) and 1 service (Sunday)
northern NSW
RedAir Redcliffe Peninsula and Pre-book shuttle services only
surrounding suburbs
Hervey Bay Shuttle Hervey Bay 2 daily services
Brisbane Airport 2014 Master Plan 23512 GROUND TRANSPORT PLAN FIGURE 12.9: BRISBANE AIRPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT MAP 236 Brisbane Airport Corporation
12.13 On-Airport AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS AIRLINE PASSENGER AND
EMPLOYEE DEMANDS
Transport Figure 12.10 shows the number of
scheduled domestic and international Current passenger statistics, additional
Demand flight departures and arrivals on a employment statistics, and growth
typical weekday that occurred at forecasts are shown in Figure 12.11.
This section describes the number of Brisbane Airport in 2013.
In 2013, there were 45,000
people moving in and around Brisbane In 2013, arrivals and departures passengers using the Domestic T2
Airport now and in the future. The numbered 35 aircraft movements and 12,000 passengers using the
GTP aims to understand the human per hour between 6am and 8pm. International T1 on a daily basis.
dynamics of the airport transport However, between 8am and 9am, at Passenger numbers are forecast to
network leading to the definition of a peak, there are likely to be up to increase by 50% in 2019 to reach
programs and initiatives designed 54 scheduled aircraft movements. 67,000 and 20,000 daily passengers
to meet overall transport demand, using the Domestic T2 and
A typical aircraft operating between
while enhancing the range of options International T1 respectively.
Brisbane and Sydney carries
available to them.
approximately 180 passengers, while In 2013, there were about
larger widebody aircraft can carry up 21,000 full- time equivalent employees
to 340 passengers. at Brisbane Airport. Based on
development projections, employee
numbers are also forecast to increase
to 29,450 employees by 2019.
FIGURE 12.10: SCHEDULED DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT AVERAGE WEEKDAY DEPARTURES AND ARRIVALS
60
Departures - Avg. Weekday (International)
55
Arrivals - Avg. Weekday (International)
50
Departures - Avg. Weekday (Domestic)
45
Arrivals - Avg. Weekday (Domestic)
Movements per hour
40 Maximum observed
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Time of day (hour beginning)
Source: BAC website. www.bne.com.au
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