A Peek at 5G Dr. Chih-Lin I - Johannesberg Summit
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A Peek at 5G
D r. C h i h - L i n I
C M C C C h i e f S c i e n t i s t , W i r e l e s s Te c h n o l o g i e s
Head of Green Communication Research Center
Johannesberg Summit
May 20, 2013
10 Years Ago
• Key
Technologies
• Y’2003,
ITU-‐R
M.1645
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 2
4G Standardization Is Maturing 2013/4/8 Chih-‐Lin I 3
TD-LTE an Example
• Number of TD-LTE BS: reached 20,000 by the end of 2012;
Networks covering 15 cities in mainland; dual mode in HK
• Deploy 200,000 BS in 2013; at least 1M terminals
• Large Scale Trial (before 2012): 6 cities
Cities • Expanded Scale Trial (2012): 15 cities
• Commercial Network (2013): 100 cities
2013/5/20 6
Looking Towards 2020
EU
FP7
and
Horizon
2020
WWRF
Vision
2020
3GPP
Roadmap
to
Y’2020
UK
“5G
InnovaSon
Center”
METIS
China
IMT-‐2020
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 5
Multiple Voices
Huawei
NSN
DoCoMo
2013/5/20
And Many Candidates Tech.
Beyond
OFDM(A)
Transmission
AAA/AAS
Phy
Network
Coding GMC Single
Band
Full
Deplux
Relay/Terminal
Relay Massive
MIMO Random
Coding
Inno.
Access
Infrastructure SocCell Cloud
Network Small
Cell
HetNet CoMP D2D Delay
Tolerant Liquid
Cell
AdapSve
Access DAS Terminal
Intelli. Hyper
Dense
NW.
ArSficial Collision
Mana. CogniSve
Radio Neural
Network
ICIC、eICIC M2M、MTC Carrier
Aggregate
Prototyping 。。。 。。。
2013/5/20
Too Early for a Comprehensive Picture
Exploring
it
Piece
by
Piece
2013/5/20
GREEN
Are We Burning Our Earth?
New Orleans
acer
Hurricane Katrina
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 10ICT Also Responsible
• 2007
Worldwide
ICT
carbon
footprint:
2%
—Comparable
to
the
global
aviaSon
industry
• Expected
to
grow
to
4%
by
2020
CMCC
Actual
Scale
PredicSon
with
“power
efficient”
technologies
2012:
1.11M
BSs,
14.3B
Kwh
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 11Great Work Done
BS
HW
(Antenna,
PA),
Improved
macro-‐cell
hardware(H),
Cell
micro
Architecture
(Relay,
AP),
DTX
(D),
Antenna
muLng
(A),
Low
loss
antennas
OperaLon
(Sleep
mode,
(L),
AdapLve
sectorizaLon
(S)
Scheduler)
Energy
savings
of
60-‐70%
with
no
more
than
5%
Throughput
degradaLon
Energy
gain
of
75-‐92%
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 12
Mobile
VCE
SimulaSon
Results Energy
saving PerformanceMore Ambitious Goals 2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin I 13
Green Meter Announcement May 13, 2013, GreenTouch Announces: Research study shows net energy consumpSon in networks can be reduced by up to 90% by 2020 while taking into account traffic growth 2013/4/8 Chih-‐Lin I 14
SOFT
Cost, Efficiency, Agility
Diverse
ApplicaLons
&
Infrastructures
GSM
UE
•Complex carrier networks:
GSM/GPRS/ TD-‐SCDMA
EDGE
proprietary nodes and
TD-‐SCMDA
UE
hardware.
•New std and features launch
WiMax/WLAN
TD-‐LTE
UE
TD-‐LTE
cycle too long: new variety of
2013/5/20 box needs
Chih-‐Lin
I to be integrated. 16SDR: First considered in the 90’s
• SDR: radio is software defined
• Basic idea: signal processing developed
based on reconfigurable HW platforms
(however the platform may be vendor-
TradiSonal
dedicated
HW
proprietary) instead of special-purpose
SDR
platform
• Motivation:
– Different radio products implemented on
the same platform
– Software reuse among different products
– Remote software download and updates
SDR
products:
soc
modem,
SDR
controller,
etc.
2013/5/20SDN: It is happening out there
• SDN:
– Separation of control plane and data plane
– GPP-based programmable controller to reconfigure routing
policy (i.e. control plane)
• Potential benefits
– Cost reduction on routers thanks to software programmability
from GPP
– Facilitate orchestration of networks
– Services-aware routing
• SDO to hit the target of SDN
• 90+ member companies of all sizes, including network
operators, service providers, etc., from not only IT but telecom
industry
2013/5/20Network Function Virtualization
Classical
Network
Appliance
NFV
Approach
Approach
Independent
Socware
Vendors
CompeSSve
&
Ecosystem
InnovaSve
CDN
Session
Border
WAN
Message
Controller
AcceleraSon
Independent
Router
Socware
Vendors
Orchestrated,
DPI
Firewall
Carrier
Tester/QoE
automaSc
&
remote
install.
Grade
NAT
monitor
High
volume
standard
servers
SGSN/GGSN
PE
Router
BRAS
Radio/Fixed
Access
Network
Nodes
High
volume
standard
storage
• Fragmented
non-‐commodity
hardware.
• Physical
install
per
appliance
per
site.
• Hardware
development
large
barrier
to
entry
for
new
vendors,
constraining
innovaLon
&
compeLLon.
High
volume
Ethernet
switches
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 19C-RAN Concept
Virtual BS Pool Centralized Control and/
… … or Processing
Ø Centralized processing
resource pool that can support
Real-time Cloud
10~1000 cells
for centralized
processing
Collaborative Radio
Ø Multi-cell Joint scheduling and
processing
Real-Time Cloud
High bandwidth
optical transport
Ø Target to Open IT platform
network Ø Consolidate the processing
resource into a Cloud
Ø Flexible multi-standard
RRU operation and migration
RRU
Distributed RRURRU Clean System Target
Ø Less power consuming
RRU
Ø Lower OPEX
RRU RRU RRU Ø Fast system roll-out
Soc
base-‐staLon
–
seamlessly
scalable
and
upgradableCloud RAN: Soft BS, Virtualization
• Virtualization of RAN for agility
– Multiple BBU entities in the same physical
servers
– Multi-RAT support: RAT on virtual Common
IT
plamorm
based
–
machine
Accommodate Service on Edge
soluSons
for
both
radio
access
• Cost reduction and resource utilization network
and
core
network
improvement:
– Resource sharing and dynamic allocation
according to traffic variation TD-‐SCDMA
BS
TD-‐LTE
BS
Service
VM
GSM
BS
– Live migration to consolidate resource,
further to save power CDN/
Socware
Socware
Socware
Web
Stack
Stack
Stack
cache
GSM
UE
Virtual
Machine
Pool/
RT-‐Guest
OS
(Linux)
GSM/TD-‐S/TD-‐L
RRU
RT-‐Hypervisor
IT
HW
plamorms
(x86,
Power,
ARM)
TD-‐SCMDA
UE
CPRI
adaptor
L1
accelerator
TD-‐LTE
UE
CPRI
2013/5/20 Standard
servers5 Pearls
CMCC Vision on 5G
ContentPool IT
based
core
network
Virtual
BB
pool
Indoor
Coverage Anchor
BS
Anchor
BS
Anchor
BS Nano
AP
Massive
RRU
relay
User
Centric
Access
Network
SupporLng
exclusive
usage
of
available
spectrum
of
each
user
D2D
Relay D2D
Two
Major
Themes Green
Soc
EE-‐SE
Co-‐design
No
More
Rethinking
Our
Pearls System “Cells” Signaling/Control
2013/5/20 Invisible
“BS” 2G
Spectrum
Refarming
Chih-‐Lin
I …23EE and SE Co-Design
Spectrum
efficiency
no
longer
the
only
criteria
Energy
efficiency
must
be
considered
side
by
side
in
mobile
internet
era
• Increasing
gap
between
traffic
and
revenue
growth
• Increasing
gap
between
traffic
Kliper
et.al.,
IEEE
JSTQE,
2011 and
EE
growth
Great
potenSals
on
energy
saving
exists
Traffic
fluctuaSon
in
both
Sme
and
Ultra
dense
network
roll
out
2013/5/20
spaSal
domains
EE and SE Co-Design
PredicSon
based
on
Shannon:
But,
Non-‐monotonic
when
considering
circuit
power
Monotonic
tradeoff
Perfect
CSI
(serving
cell
only)
Given
EE,
two
SE
values
exist
Imperfect
CSI,
block
fading
channel,
coherence
of
2,
4,
8,
or
16
symbols
(bosom
to
top)
Data
from
Bell
Labs
More
complicated
with
extended
power
models
2013/5/20
Component
level
power
model Different
configuraSons
EE and SE Co-Design
A
unified
EE/SE
theory
framework
should
be
developed
to
harmonize
the
research
acSviSes
Conclusion
draw
from
EARTH
project
Conclusion
draw
from
LSAS
theory
-‐-‐
Antenna
muLng
can
save
-‐-‐
More
antennas,
less
power power
2013/5/20LSAS (Tom Marzetta)
When
only
radiated
power
is
considered
When
addiSonal
computaSon
power
is
also
considered
(grow
with
#Antenna)
üAlways
tradeoff
between
EE
and
SE
with
a
üEE
increases
with
SE
in
low
SE
region
given
#
of
antennas
(M)
üFewer
antennas
is
more
helpful
to
üEE/SE
relaSonship
is
improved
in
whole
by
improve
the
EE
in
low
SE
region
increasing
#
of
antennas
üAs
the
computaSon
capability
(Gflops/Was)
increases,
the
EE
is
enhanced
and
using
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 27
more
antennas
is
preferredCircuit
Power:
#Subcarriers
&
#Antenna
(Zhikun
Xu)
When
the
number
of
subcarriers
can
be
switched
on
or
off
adapSvely
in
MIMO-‐
OFDM
systems
Note:
•
Solid
part
of
each
cure
denotes
the
case
that
the
subcarriers
are
not
used
up
•Dash
part
denotes
the
case
that
no
subcarriers
are
available
üWhen
the
subcarriers
are
not
used
up,
EE
increases
with
SE
üIncreasing
#
of
antennas
benefits
the
EE
only
when
no
subcarriers
are
available.
üIncreasing
the
frequency
resources
is
more
energy
efficient
than
increasing
the
spaSal
2013/5/20
resources Chih-‐Lin
I 28No
More
“Cells”
The
“Cellular”
concept
has
accompanied
wireless
network
from
1G
to
4G
Douglas
H.
Ring
&
W.
Rae
Young
• StaSc
network
planning
&
semi-‐staSc
opSmizaSon
1947
at
Bell
Lab • Cell-‐centric
RRM
• Increased
flat
network
scale
and
power
consumpSon
4G
• …
3G
1G
2G
It’s
Sme
to
break
out
from
the
“Cells”
for
5G
Different
perspecSves
to
match
2020
needs
Deployment
Resources • Infrastructure
• Network-level RRM virtualization
Features • Spectrum Protocols
• Network-level CRM • No cell physical ID
• Network-level SP virtualization • Signalling/data
• No inter-cell • Centralization decuoping
interference • UL/DL decoupling
• No handoff
2013/5/20No
More
“Cells”
The
wireless
world
has
been
on
the
way
,
more
or
less,
to
revamp
the
“cell”
concept.
BCG2
Break in Protocol Break in Signal Processing
Signalling/data decuoping
CoMP processor
Hetnet
CoMP
micro Short-‐term
sales-‐
From
single-‐
up
potenSal
From
cell-‐level
SP
layer
coverage
to
coordinatd
SP
macro to
mulS-‐layer
femto among
CoMP
set
coverage
Coordinated multi-points Tx/Rx
DAS
From cell-‐level
SP
to
Break in coverage centralized
SP
Break in RRM
DAS: Distributed (large-scale) antenna system
BBU
RRU RRU
… RRU RRU
2013/5/20No
More
“Cells”
C-‐RAN
will
be
a
fundamental
element
in
the
architecture
of
next
generaSon
wireless
network
Virtual
BS
Pool
Virtual
BS
Pool
• Common
plamorm,
socware
…
X2+
based
soluSon
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
• Live
(soc)
computaSon
Real-‐Lme
Cloud
for
resource
transiSon
centralized
processing
• Inherent
cooperaSon
High
bandwidth
opLcal
transport
network
Distributed
configurable
wideband
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
2013/5/20 BS
virtualizaSon
No
More
“Cells”
The
transiSon
from
Network-‐Centric
to
User-‐Centric
Rethink
Handover
Unified
broadcast
control
MulLcast
control
MS1
DL
&
UL
data
transmission
MS3 MS2
DL
data
transmission
UL
data
transmission
Amorphous
Cells
Concept
Multiple layers Signaling & Data Decoupling DL&UL Decoupling
2013/5/20Rethinking Signaling/Control
New
signaling
mechanism
should
be
invesSgated
to
reduce
the
signaling
overhead
Data
signaling
raSo(DSR)
DSR
raSo
of
current
network is
extremely
low
of
IM
• TradiSonal
voice:
100~600
Voice IM(QQ) • IM(QQ):
Rethinking Signaling/Control
TCP
should
be
revisited
for
mobile
environment
-‐-‐
To
improve
the
QoE
of
end
customers
• Conventional TCP protocol designed u Exciting finding by MIT with coding for TCP
for wire network with low latency and over WiFi
• From 1Mbps to 16Mbps under typical 2% packet
low packet loss rate, loss.
• Extreme poor performance over • From 0.5Mbps to 13.5Mbps under 5% packet on
wireless network the train.
Throughput
Rate
vs.
Packet
loss
rate
&
Latency
in
Wireless
Network
2013/5/20Rethinking Signaling/Control
Network Coding Mobile TCP over 3GPP
p New protocol stack only at mobile
access network
• A Network Coding layer between TCP
layer and IP layer
p Practical Scheme for deployment
• A TCP agency added in gateway
• Keeping TCP protocol unchanged in
core network
Gb
Gn
2G
SGSN
BSC/PCU
Iu
GGSN
BTS
S3
MME
S4
Internet
TD
NodeB
RNC
S1-‐MME
S11
S1-‐U
S5/8
LTE
eNodeB
Serving
GW
PDN
GW
2013/5/20Making BS “Invisible"
p TradiSonal
BS
roll
out
is
no
longer
sustainable
• Environment
unfriendly
• Hard
for
site
selecSon,
network
planning
• High
cost
• High
power
consumpSon
Antenn
a
Layers
Bottom
PCB with
RF
transceiver
, FPGA,
and
Memory
PA
Integration
Power
& Fiber
Outputs
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 36Making BS “Invisible"
Small
form
factor
compact
RF/Antenna
module
is
the
key
15cm
X
15cm
X
7cm
Antenna Layers
Bottom PCB with RF
transceiver, FPGA,
and Memory
5cm
X
5cm
X
3cm
PA Integration
Power & Fiber
Outputs
?
Front
View Side
View
Terminal
RFIC
based
Wide
band
patch
antenna Flexible
Three
layers
of
stacked
radiators
Two
layers
of
radiators
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 37Making BS “Invisible"
Large
scale
cooperaSon
over
modules
is
necessary
(LSAS)à
Sweet
Spot
of
N*M
Performance
Enhancement Energy
saving
Cap.
Enhancement
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I
Central
processing
for
38
cooperaSon2G Spectrum Refarming
10x
(?)
more
spectrum
for
2020
Channel
measurement
at
28GHz
(from
Samsung)
Candidate
spectrum
proposed
by
different
stakeholders
p 3GPP LTE-Hi for
hotspot
and
indoor
p
(3.4GHz-‐3.6GHz)
4.4GHz
–
4.5GHz
and
4.8GHz
–
4.99GHz
(Chinese
pHigh
frequency
bands
are
p
government
in
WP5D
15th
meeSng)
3.3GHz
–
3.4GHz
(Chinese
companies)
idenSfied
and/or
invesSgated
p 3.4
–
3.6
MHz,
3.6–
4.2GHz
and
4.4
–
4.9GMHz
(Japan)
for
capacity
enhancement
p
p
5925
–
6425MHz
(Russia)
and
above
6GHz
(Kor)
… pCoverage
and
mobility?
2013/5/202G Spectrum Refarming
OpSon
1:
Used
by
LTE
p Beyond
2020,
2G
networks
are
very
likely
not
needed.
p 2G
spectrum
refarming
should
be
considered
seriously.
GSM900:
35MHz
DL/UL
ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM
OpSon
2:
New
OpSmized
Design
880
890
905
915
925
935
950
960
p Operates in standalone mode, with network
DCS
1800:
75MHz
DL/UL architecture, signaling, PHY/MAC protocols, etc,
UL DL
being optimized
1710
1785
1805
p With full duplex?
1880
3G:
150MHz
TDD,
120MHz
FDD TDD FDD p IoT optimized?
p operates as an umbrella signaling network, to
1755
1785
1850
1880
1920
1980
2010
2025
2010
2170
2200
2300
2400
assist LTE, WiFi, etc in 2020
2013/5/20Summary
• The
future
must
be
“Green”
• “Soc”
from
core
network
to
RAN
• Thoughts
on
5G:
• EE/SE
Co-‐design
• No
more
“Cells”
• Rethink
Signaling/Control
• BS
“invisible”
• Refarm
2G
spectrum
• …
2013/5/20 Chih-‐Lin
I 41Thank Thank you Y ou
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