Biodiversity, Conservation, the GSPC and the 2020 Biodiversity Goals & Targets for Canada - Dr. David A. Galbraith Head of Science, Royal ...
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Biodiversity, Conservation, the GSPC
and the 2020 Biodiversity Goals &
Targets for Canada
Dr. David A. Galbraith
Head of Science, Royal Botanical Gardens
GSPC National Focal Point for Canada
dgalbraith@rbg.ca
Page 1
@RBG_Science
Ecozones
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of Canada.
Source: Canadian Council on Ecological Areas (CCEA).
Canada’s Multi-Element NBSAT
Canadian Biodiversity Strategy
(1994)
• Canada’s Biodiversity
Outcomes Framework
(2006)
Canada’s 2020
Biodiversity Goals and
Targets (2016)
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Provincial Biodiversity Strategies
(Subnational Biodiversity Strategies and
Action Plans; SBSAPs)
• Province of British Columbia
(Fraser Valley Region)
• Province of New Brunswick
• Province of Ontario
• Province of Quebec (Part 1,
Part 2)
• Province of Saskatchewan
• Northwest Territories
• City of Edmonton
• City of Montreal
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2020 GSPC and 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada
GSPC Objective 1: Knowledge Objective 2: Conservation
1. On-Line Flora 2. At-Risk List 3. Knowledge- 4. Protected 5. Plant Diversity 6. Production Lands 7. In Situ 8. Ex Situ
Sharing Ecological Regions Areas 75% 75% Conservation 75% Conservation 75%
75%
GSPC
No exact 2. By 2020, species 13. Innovative 1. At least 17 1. At least 17 6. Sustainable 2. By 2020, species 2. By 2020, species
correspondence. that are secure mechanisms for percent of percent of management of that are secure that are secure
remain secure; at fostering terrestrial areas and terrestrial areas and Canada’s forests. remain secure; at remain secure; at
risk species conservation and inland water, and 10 inland water, and 10 risk species risk species
recovering sustainable use of percent of coastal percent of coastal 7. Agricultural recovering recovering
biodiversity and marine areas and marine areas working landscapes
developed & provide a stable or
BGTC applied. 16. Comprehensive 16. Comprehensive improved level of
inventory of inventory of biodiversity and
14. Science base for protected spaces protected spaces habitat capacity
biodiversity is
enhanced &
knowledge is better
integrated & more
accessible.
Objective 4:
GSPC Objective 2: Conservation Objective 3: Sustainable Use Objective 5: Capacity-Building
Education
9. Crop Genetic 10. Invasive 11. International 12. Sustainable 13. Indigenous 14. Education & 15. Capacity 16. Networking
Diversity 70% Species Managed Trade Poses no Harvest of Wild Knowledge Awareness Building
Threats Plants Respected and
GSPC Protected
No exact 11. Pathways of No exact 9. ... Aquatic plants 12. Customary use 14. Science base for No exact No exact
correspondence. invasive alien correspondence. are managed and by Aboriginal biodiversity is correspondence. correspondence.
species intro. harvested peoples of enhanced &
identified; risk- sustainably biological knowledge is better
based intervention resources is integrated & more
or management 12. Customary use maintained accessible.
BGTC plans are in place by Aboriginal
• credits for priority peoples of 15. Aboriginal
pathways, species biological traditional
resources knowledge is
Page 1 maintained respected,
promoted, informs
conservation
2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada (Canada’s
NBSAP) that do not Map to GSPC Targets
Urban
Wetlands Climate Change Aquaculture Pollution Natural Capital
Biodiversity
3. By 2020, 4. By 2020, 5. By 2020, the 8. Aquaculture 10. Pollution levels 17. Measures of
Canada’s wetlands biodiversity ability of Canadian managed under in Canadian natural capital
are conserved considerations are ecological science-based waters, including related to
integrated into systems to adapt regime that pollution from biodiversity and
municipal to climate change promotes the excess nutrients, ecosystem
planning and is better sustainable use of are reduced or services
BGTC activities of major understood, and aquatic resources maintained at developed on
municipalities priority adaptation (including marine, levels that support national scale;
across Canada. measures are freshwater and healthy aquatic stats reporting
underway. land based) in ecosystems.
ways that
conserve
biodiversity.
No reference to No reference to No explicit No explicit No explicit No explicit
wetlands as a conservation in reference to reference to reference to reference to
GSPC focal area urban areas climate change aquaculture pollution as a natural capital
separate issue. concepts
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Vascular Plant Diversity in Canada
Group Families Species
Lycopodiophyta
(clubmosses,
Ferns and Allies 3 43
spikemosses &
quillworts)
Monilophyta (ferns
19 136
& horsetails)
Gymnosperms Pinophyta 4 43
Angiosperms Nymphaeales 2 12
Magnoliids 5 10
Monocots 33 1,269
Eudicots 106 3,698
Totals 172 5,211
Note: Derived from species lists accompanying Canadian Endangered Species
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Conservation Council (2016), Wild Species 2015: The General Status of Species in
Canada. National General Status Working Group,
GSPC Target 1: On-Line Flora Target
1
Canadian Flora in FNA On-line
Province/Territory 2018 FNA Subtotals
Alberta 1,331
British Columbia 2,060
Manitoba 983
New Brunswick 1,118
Newfoundland and Labrador 573
Nova Scotia 1,125
Nunavut 979
NWT -
Ontario 1,804
Prince Edward Island 672
Quebec 1,696
Saskatchewan 989
Yukon 1,067
Total Species Reported: 3,476
Total Species, Canadian Vascular Flora* 5,211
Percentage of Flora in FNAO as of 2018: 67%
* Total Canadian flora as reported in the Wild Species 2015 for Canada.
Other
Page 1 numbers from FNA Online.
GSPC Target 1: On-Line Flora
Provincial Floras on-line
British Columbia: E-Flora BC
Newfoundland and Labrador: A Digital
Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador
Vascular Plants
Nova Scotia: Nova Scotia Plants (ebook)
Ontario: FOIBIS
Illustration:
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E-Flora BC screen capture
GSPC Target 2: Conservation Status of Known Plant Target
Species
2
• 5,211 known species of vascular plants group in Canada,
• 3,846 species assigned a conservation risk rank in 2015 by
federal Status of Wild Species report.
• 1,157 species (approx. 30%) are at risk to some degree
• 2689 species (approx. 70%) considered secure
• 36 species on IUCN Red List in
Distribution of COSEWIC Endangered
Species (2006; all taxa)
Canada as of July 2018
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National Atlas of CanadaGSPC Target Targets 5, 7 and 8: Protected Areas Target
GSPC
Relevance Targets
to IPAs, 5,Ex-Situ
In-Situ and 7 andProtection
8: Threatened
of Plants
Species at Risk &
in In-situ and Ex-Situ Conservation;
5
Protected
5. Canada working areas
hard to and Threatened
increase Plants
Protected Areas Target
network by 2020 but no important areas for plants
assessment done, so Target 5 can’t be achieved: No IPA
7
network. Target
7. In-Situ protection and recovery is preferred for at-risk 8
plants in Canada; 136 Federal recovery plans exist now
for remediation of risk
8. Ex-Situ conservation is rarely developed in recovery
plans; some seed gene banks and live plant gene banks
exist but no assessment of overall coverage has been
done.
Page 1GSPC Target 4: At least 15% of Each EcoType in Target
Protected Areas; National Inventory
4
• National and sub-
national inventories of
protected areas exist
(national, provincial
parks)
• Canada Target 1: 17%
by 2020
• Efforts underway to
increase network,
including Other
Effective Area-Based
Measures
• Getting to 15% or 17%
by 2020
Map from Parks Canada
Page 1GSPC Target 9: Crop Wild Relative Species: Identification,
Target
Protection of Genetic Diversity and Associated Indigenous
Knowledge 9
• Achievement of GSPC quantitative target 9 by 2020
not possible as no inventory exists of genetic
diversity of all wild crop relatives.
• Canada does have programs underway to document
and conserve genetic diversity, but achieving 70%
by 2020 is not considered possible.
• Efforts under way in various sectors to protect
Indigenous knowledge and traditional uses.
Page 1GSPC Target 10: Monitor and Control of Invasive Species Target
10
• Canada is undertaking several
programs to monitor and control
invasive alien species at national and
international levels.
• Government agencies at national
and sub-national levels involved.
• Federal lead by Health Canada.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug on
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invasive BuckthornTarget
GSPC Targets 11 and 12: International Trade and
Sustainable Use of Plant Resources 11
Target
11: Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of 12
International and Interprovincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA)
is Canada’s implementation of CITES; also includes
provision for barring importation of invasive species.
12: Proportion of wild harvested plant-based products
that are sourced sustainably is not known; A wide variety
of economically-valuable, plant-based products are
produced in Canada, including non-timber forest products
Page 1Target
GSPC Targets 6 and 16: Implementation of FAO Global Plans of
Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and/
or Forest Genetic Resources
6
Target
• Agriculture and Agrifood 16
Canada (AAFC) reporting to
FAO on the FAO Global
Plans of Action for Plant
Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture
• Reporting being shared with
GSPC National Focal Point
Page 1Target
GSPC Targets 6: Management of Production Lands for
Conservation of Plant Diversity 6
• 347 million hectares of forest land (9% of
world’s forests)
• 226 million hectares (65%) managed
• 206 million hectares (91%) have long term
management plans in place~
• 168 million hectares (74%) covered by
independently verified certification scheme.
• 35% of farms in Canada had a formal
written Environmental Farm Plan (50% of
Canada’s agricultural land area)
Page 1GSPC Target 13: Is indigenous knowledge on plants being Target
documented and protected?
13
• Historic documentation being
assembled by several research
groups.
• Contemporary use, teaching, and
rematriation of traditional knowledge
is expanding; teachers are few.
• Important caveat: some do not
welcome scientific interest in
traditional knowledge, however others
are actively pursuing technology and
knowledge transfer (no “one-size fits
all” answer)
Joseph Pitawanakwot, Wiikwemkoong First
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Nation, Manitoulin Island, demonstrating
Anishinaabe herbalism at Royal BotanicalTarget
GSPC Target 14: Education and Public Awareness of
Importance of Plants 14
• Biodiversity integrated into provincial
school curricula in most provinces
• Multiple NGOs and networks
promoting importance of plant
diversity and sustainable use
• Botanical gardens increasingly
involved in BioBlitzes and other
hands-on citizen science programs
Page 1GSPC Targets 3 and 15: Information Exchange and Training Target
Capacity for Conservation of Native Plant Species Diversity
3
Target
3. Information exchanges and sources of 15
protocols, etc. considered adequate for
strategy – sources considered good to
achieve Target 3
15. No assessment of needed capacity of
plant conservation community to
achieve GSPC goals has been carried
out, so no way to gage Target 15; No
overall funding of GSPC initiatives at
present
Page 1National Indicators Relevant for the GSPC targets
• No specific national indicator
framework against GSPC targets
has been established
• National Focal Point aiding
Environment and Climate Change
Canada on preparation of National
Reports to CBD; monitoring
achievement of national targets
under Canada’s own 2020
Biodiversity Goals and Targets
Page 1A GSPC Dashboard for Canada
Objective 1: Knowledge Objective 2: Conservation
Target 1 Target 2 Target 3 Target 4 Target 5 Target 6 Target 7 Target 8
On-Line Flora At Risk List Knowledge- Protected Plant Production In Situ Ex Situ
Target Sharing Ecological Diversity Lands 75% Conservation Conservation
Regions 75% Areas 75% 75% 75%
Progress
Objective 2: Objective 3: Sustainable Use Objective 4: Objective 5: Capacity-
Conservation Education Building
Target 9 Target 10 Target 11 Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16
Crop Genetic Invasive International Sustainable Indigenous Education & Capacity Networking
Target Diversity 70% Species Trade Harvest of Knowledge Awareness Building
Wild Plants
Progress
• Red indicates little progress towards target (dgalbraith@rbg.ca
@RBG_Science
Thank you.
Genus
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Name Cloud generated by VasCan
Database of Vascular Plants of CanadaPage 1
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