Climate Active Bricks - TUM
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Technical University of Munich
TUM Department of Architecture
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Module Summer Term 2020
Basics of Robotic Fabrication
Adaptive Building Envelopes
Climate Active Bricks
Technical University of Munich
TUM Department of Architecture
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship
Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural
Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and
Climate Responsive Design
Climate Active Bricks
Module Summer Term 2020
Basics of Robotic Fabrication 6 ECTS
Adaptive Building Envelopes 6 ECTS
Kick Off
23.04.2020 | 09:45h | on Zoom
Thursday Jour Fixe
session 1 09:45h - 12.00h
session 2 13:15h - 16:30h
Submission/Examination Dates
Project Presentation 1 14.05.2020
Submission Expose Text 28.05.2020
Project Presentation 2 18.06.2020
Project Presentation 3 02.07.2020
Final Presentation 23.07.2020
TT Professorship Digital Fabrication
www.ar.tum.de/df/
Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Kathrin Dörfler
doerfler@tum.de
Dipl.-Ing. Julia Fleckenstein
julia.fleckenstein@tum.de
Associate Professorship of Architectural
Design and Building Envelope
www.ar.tum.de/hk
Dr.-Ing. Philipp Molter
philipp.molter@tum.de
Chair of Building Technology and Climate
Responsive Design
https://www.ar.tum.de/klima/startseite/
Image: Museum Yves Saint Laurent - Marrakech
Photo: Dan Glasser - Studio KO M.Sc. Ata Chokhachian
ata.chokhachian@tum.de
07 introduction
11 preface
17 schedule
19 context
21 the module
29 imprint
Diagram: Self shading brick patterns
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope - Sánchez, Aaron; Con-
treras, Andrea; Palacios, Sebastian; Bernabéu, Jaume; Sánchez, Beatriz; González, Eva
5
introduction
Building Envelopes and
Impact on Microclimate
In the last centuries, history of hu- in construction. Due to its close rela- optical performance of façade and
man settlement was very much re- tion to common construction practi- pavement materials on microclima-
lated to the use of brick as a key ce, digital fabrication allows for te of cities. The issue is important
element for shelter as structure of the control of the micro and macro due to urban heat island phenome-
architectural space (Serena, 2012). structure of a building component, na described as temperature diffe-
Since the very beginning of human per-formance optimization through rences between downtown and su-
settlement, sun dried mud and la- the design of the cross section (Bon- burbs. Due to decreased sky view
ter burned bricks made out of clay wetsch, Kobel, Gramazio, & Kohler, factor in urban canyons as function
have been used to build shelter and 2006). Therefore, this technology is of compactness and increased den-
buildings all over the globe. The wi- supposed to increase the spread of sity of cities, the trapped heat and
dely use of mud-bricks as a key brick construction in architectural solar radiation keeps surface tem-
element in prehistoric architecture context. Howev-er, since the 1980s, peratures high even during night
and the following centuries is rela- energy regulations have pushed the time. As consequence, the buildings
ted to its modular and highly flexi- innovation of bricks towards better that are dependent on night time
ble use and adaptability to various U-values especially in northern and cooling can-not recover and they
applications allowing for a high de- central Europe. Thus, the latest de- cause significant health issues. The
gree of design freedom and struc- velopments have been pushed to- summer of 2003 could be relevant
tural performance (Oates, 1990). wards insulating bricks since they instance in Europe for the extreme
According to statistics in 1990, ap- incorporate both the structural and heat wave that caused 15000 addi-
proximately 30% of the world’s po- the thermal functions of the buil- tional deaths in France (Ata Chok-
pulation lived in earthen brick made ding envelope (Wernery et al., 2017). hachian, Santucci, & Auer, 2017).
structures (Coffman, Agnewl, Aus- The work of this research focuses
tin, & Doehnel, 1990). In the last ye- on the potentials of brick as a clima- The phenomena of urbanization and
ars brick architecture has experi- te active material improving urban industrialization concerning its effect
enced a revival and will grow even (thermal) comfort conditions. Re- on environmental change has been
further. As said by Compound Annu- search and practice has already pro- known and studied for many centu-
al Growth Rate, (CAGR) for the brick ved that brick is one of well perfor- ries all over the world. Addressing
product segment the estima-tion is ming material for climate control due the topic of environmental change,
to raise 3.5% during 2017-2027 and to its high thermal capacity and ther- we need to refer to relevant metrics
it is anticipated to dominate over mal mass effect (Al-Sanea, Zedan, depending on the context and sca-
the forecast period (TMRGL, 2017). & Al-Hussain, 2012, 2013) neverthel- le. Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) is
The mentioned advantages of brick ess energy regulations have limited one of the widely investigated phe-
construction are also subject of the innovation of bricks towards bet- nomena to measure the effect of ur-
further research in digital fabrication ter thermal performance only. The- banization and built environment on
with robots enabling ar-chitects to re have been various studies per- the climate of cities. It is one of the
Image: Hoechst AG in Frankfurt a.M. by Peter Behrens directly control complex geometries formed to understand thermal and most common manifestations on ur-
7
introduction
References.
Akbari, H., Pomerantz, M., & Taha, H. (2001). vironments: a micromorphological approach in an review on the generation, determination and mi-
Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce ener- ethnoarchaeological context in northern Greece. tigation of Urban Heat Island. Journal of Envi-
gy use and improve air quality in urban are- Journal of Archaeological Science, 41, 556-567. ronmental Sciences, 20(1), 120-128. doi: htt-
ban climate studies and since its the peak electricity load for cooling passive microclimatic converter and as. Solar Energy, 70(3), 295-310. doi: https:// doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.09.017 ps://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60019-4
advent by Luke Howard (1818), it is purposes may be tripled especially the results show that the wall sur- doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X Han, R., Xu, Z., & Qing, Y. (2017). Study of Passi- Santamouris, M., Papanikolaou, N., Livada, I., Ko-
still the topic of researchers in dif- for higher set point temperatures, face temperature are averagely lo- Al-Sanea, S. A., Zedan, M. F., & Al-Hussain, S. N. ve Evaporative Cooling Technique on Water-retai- ronakis, I., Georgakis, C., Argiriou, A., & Assi-
ferent regions of the world. UHI by while the minimum COP value of air wer than ambient air temperature by (2012). Effect of thermal mass on performance of in- ning Roof Brick. Procedia Engineering, 180, 986-992. makopoulos, D. N. (2001). On the impact of ur-
definition is known as higher tem- conditioners may be decreased up 5 °C over day time (He & Liu, 2012). sulated building walls and the concept of energy sa- doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.258 ban climate on the energy consumption of
peratures or heat content stored in to 25% because of the higher am- Addressing the wide spread of vings potential. Applied Energy, 89(1), 430-442. doi: He, J., & Liu, K. Q. (2012). Numerical Analy- buildings. Solar Energy, 70(3), 201-216. doi: htt-
urban areas caused due to the an- bient temperatures (Mofidi & Akba- brick buildings as well as the men- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.009 sis of Passive Microclimatic-Modifying Ef- ps://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00095-5
thropogenic heat released from ve- ri, 2017; Santamouris et al., 2001). tioned problems with urban heat Al-Sanea, S. A., Zedan, M. F., & Al-Hussain, S. N. fects of a Moist Void-Brick Wall. Applied Me- Schmandt-Besserat, D. (2015). The Begin-
hicles, power plants, air conditio- There has been several approa- island and outdoor comfort, this (2013). Effect of masonry material and surface ab- chanics and Materials, 193-194, 1156-1164. doi: nings of the Use of Clay in Turkey. Anatolian Stu-
ners and other heat sources, and ches toward UHI mitigation by de- paper proposes an architectural in- sorptivity on critical thermal mass in insulated buil- 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.193-194.1156 dies, 27, 133-150. doi: 10.2307/3642659
due to the heat stored and re-radi- signing proportional aspect ra- vestigation on innovative approa- ding walls. Applied Energy, 102, 1063-1070. doi: ht- Howard, L. (1818). The Climate of London: dedu- Serena, L. (2012). The Geoarchaeology of Mud-
ated by massive and complex ur- tio for street canyons which allows ches on the potentials of irrigated tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.016 ced from Meteorological observations, made at dif- bricks in Architecture: A Methodological Stu-
ban structures which leads to de- enough sky exposure for night time solid bricks as a component for cli- Bonswetch, T., Kobel, D., Gramazio, F., & Kohler, M. ferent places in the neighbourhood of the metro- dy from Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Geoarchaeolo-
terioration of living environment cooling or choosing proper materi- mate adaptive facades. It is under- (2006). The informed wall: applying additive digital polis: W. Phillips, sold also by J. and A. Arch. gy, 27(2), 140-156. doi: doi:10.1002/gea.21401
and increase in energy consump- als for building envelopes de-pen- stood that the focus on this research fabrication techniques on architecture. Paper pre- Jandaghian, Z., & Akbari, H. (2018). The ef- Stevanović, M. (1997). The Age of Clay: The So-
tions (Rizwan, Dennis, & Liu, 2008). ding on context and orientation of is clearly an investigation as an ar- sented at the 25th Annual Conference of the Asso- fects of increasing surface reflectivity on heat- cial Dynamics of House Destruction. Jour-
As an example, Analysis of tempe- each façade. Studies show that chitectural approach rather than ciation for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture. related mortality in Greater Montreal Area, nal of Anthropological Archaeology, 16(4), 334-
rature trends for the last 100 years brick facades with low reflectivity an emphasis on building physics. Cauvin, J. (2000). The Birth of the Gods and the Ori- Canada. Urban Climate, 25, 135-151. doi: ht- 395. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1997.0310
in several large U.S. cities indicate in compar-ison with heavily insula- gins of Agriculture: Cambridge University Press. tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.06.002 TMRGL. (2017). Concrete Block and Brick Manufac-
that, since 1940, temperatures in ur- ted envelopes can decrease extre- Chokhachian, A., Perini, K., Dong, S., & Auer, T. Künzel, H. M. (1994). Verfahren zur ein- und zwei- turing Market (Product Type - Concrete Block (Hol-
ban areas have increased by about me heat stress for pedestrians by (2017). How Material Performance of Building Fa- dimensionalen Berechnung des gekoppel- low, Cellular, and Fully solid), Brick (Clay, Sand lime,
0.5 - 3.0 °C. Typically, electricity de- 26% during the day time (Ata Chok- çade Affect Urban Microclimate. Paper presen- ten Wärme- und Feuchtetransports in Bau- and Fly ash clay), and ACC Block - Global Industry
mand in cities increases by 2 - 4 % hachian, Perini, Dong, & Auer, 2017). ted at the Powerskin 2017, Munich, Germany. teilen mit einfachen Kennwerten. 42. Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast
for each 1 °C increase in tempera- Additionally, there has been sever- Chokhachian, A., Santucci, D., & Auer, T. Lengsfeld, K., & Holm, A. (2007). Entwicklung 2017 - 2027 (pp. 174): Transparency Market Research.
ture. Hence, we estimate that 5 - al studies about evaporative cooling (2017). A Human-Centered Approach to En- und Validierung einer hygrothermischen Raumkli- Uğurlu, E., & Böke, H. (2009). The use of brick–
10 % of the current urban electrici- potential of building envelopes whe- hance Urban Resilience, Implications and Ap- ma-Simulationssoftware WUFI®-Plus. Bauphysik, lime plasters and their relevance to climatic con-
ty demand is spent to cool buildings re Han, Xu, and Qing (2017) explo- plication to Improve Outdoor Comfort in Den- 29(3), 178-186. doi: doi:10.1002/bapi.200710025 ditions of historic bath buildings. Construction
just to compensate for the increa- red the effect of two passive coo- se Urban Spaces. Buildings, 7(4), 113. Mofidi, F., & Akbari, H. (2017). Personalized ener- and Building Materials, 23(6), 2442-2450. doi: htt-
sed 0.5 - 3.0 °C in urban tempera- ling systems, water-retaining bricks Coffman, R., Agnewl, N., Austin, G., & Doehnel, gy costs and productivity optimization in offi- ps://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.10.005
tures (Akbari, Pomerantz, & Taha, on roof and radiation shield on roof E. (1990). ADOBE MINERALOGY: Characterizati- ces. Energy and Buildings, 143, 173-190. doi: ht- Wernery, J., Ben-Ishai, A., Binder, B., & Brun-
2001; Jandaghian & Akbari, 2018). It concluding that the maximum coo- on of Adobes from around the world. Paper pre- tps://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.018 ner, S. (2017). Aerobrick — An aerogel-filled insu-
is found that for the city of Athens, ling capabil-ity can be achieved sented at the 6th International Conference on the Oates, D. (1990). Innovations in mud-brick: De- lating brick. Energy Procedia, 134, 490-498. doi:
where the mean heat island intensi- through on-roof water-retaining Conservation of Earthen Architecture: Adobe 90. corative and structural techniques in ancient Me- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.607
ty exceeds 10 °C, the cooling load bricks. Another study explores the Friesem, D. E., Karkanas, P., Tsartsidou, G., & Sha- sopotamia. World Archaeology, 21(3), 388-
of urban buildings may be doubled, effects of a Moist Void-brick wall as hack-Gross, R. (2014). Sedimentary processes in- 406. doi: 10.1080/00438243.1990.9980115
volved in mud brick degradation in temperate en- Rizwan, A. M., Dennis, L. Y. C., & Liu, C. (2008). A
9
preface
- Basics of Robotic Fabrication
Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Kathrin Dörfler The The Tenure Track (TT) Profes- The TT Professorship is based at the
sorship Digital Fabrication is a new- Department of Architecture and af-
ly founded research group dedica- filiated with the Department of Civil,
ted to the research and teaching of Geo and Environmental Engineering.
computational design and digital
fabrication processes in architec- Seminars of the TT Assistant Pro-
ture. Currently, the team of the Pro- fessorship Digital Fabrication de-
fessorship consists of four research velop in relation to a task-specific
and teaching associates with diffe- scenario and a constructively moti-
rent professional backgrounds. The vated question regarding Architec-
research group’s goal in teaching ture and Digital Fabrication. The
is to engage students in interdisci- analysis of the task and technolo-
plinary thinking, merging the fields gical boundary conditions are as
of architectural design, enginee- much the content of the design pro-
ring, and construction, and to ex- jects as the research of reference
plore how computational design projects, the literature on the state
and new robotic fabrication tech- of science and analysis on the topic,
nologies can lead to more effici- and the development of a structu-
ent building construction and redu- ral and spatial concept, materiali-
ce the use of resources. Parametric ty, and architectural language. The
and algorithmic design strategies focus is on the conception and ela-
provide a platform for explorati- boration of an architectural design,
on into the integrative use of com- which is developed on the basis of
putational processes in architectu- concrete, exemplary studies and the
ral design, with a particular focus further implemen-tation of prototy-
on integrative methods for the ge- pes on a model scale and exemp-
neration, simulation and evaluati- larily on a 1: 1 scale. Depending on
on of highly performative material the topic, the project may also have
and building systems. With the use an interdisciplinary character and
of mixed reality tools, the research deal with topic-related contents of
group also explores the idea of a hy- adjacent disciplines. The developed
brid, dually augmented human-ro- interdisciplinary topics are incor-
Image: Research Lab - Technical University Munich bot workforce aiming towards a ful- porated into the project investiga-
Photo: Augmented Fabrication Lab ly integrated digital building culture. tions and support the design theses.
11
preface
- Adaptive Building Envelopes
Dr. - Ing. Philipp Lionel Molter The Associate Professorship of Ar-
chitectural Design and Building
Envelope is part of the TUM De-
partment of Architecture. It's in-
terdisciplinary design approach
in teaching and research:
The focus area 'Experimental' in-
vestigates in architectural designs
in the context of Additive Manufac-
turing focussing on 'functional ge-
ometries' for the building envelopes.
The aim is to use advantages of dig-
ital fabrication and complex geom-
etries in order to augment indoor
and outdoor comfort and energy ef-
ficiency of buildings by reducing
technical devices in the same time.
The focus area 'adaptation' re-
searches in the ability of building en-
velopes to respond to exterior cli-
mate conditions. Just as our natural
environment is in a constant pro-
cess of adaptive change, architec-
ture can adapt to climatic require-
ments. With nature as the model,
the Associate Professorship of Ar-
chitectural Design and Buildung
Envelope developed building en-
velopes which, analogous to natu-
ral envelope systems, considered
Diagram: Impact of materiality on urban micro climate either diurnally or annually, be-
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope have adaptively and responsively.
13
preface
- Simulation of Thermal Comfort
M. Sc. Ata Chokhachian The Chair for Building Technology The chair contributes through prac-
and Climate Responsive Design is tice oriented research with two
part of the Department of Architec- main focus areas: “Environmen-
ture. Its core focus in teaching and tal Quality” and “Energy Man-
research is a holistic design ap- agement” tries to bring new
proach for buildings in considera- insights in the holistic design ap-
tion of the sustainability goals of the proach for buildings and cities.
European Union (EU). A 90% reduc- Through this module we will ex-
tion of CO2 emissions in the building plore environmental modeling tools
sector compared to 1990 is the main to quantify local impacts of brick
goal of the EU carbon roadmap. walls. We will use computation-
The implementation of the car- al simulations to provide optimized
bon roadmap will have major im- alternatives for robotically manu-
pact on the built environment. The facturing of brick elements. These
necessary transformation process tools will support us in the pro-
goes hand in hand with the ongo- cess of design and decision mak-
ing transformation in the wake of cli- ing to understand the microcli-
mate change and urbanization. In matic impacts on human scale.
research the chair is dealing with
transformations of the built environ-
ment and develops a holistic design
approach hand in hand with archi-
tects, engineers and urban planners.
In the past, energy efficiency was
primarily driven by technology. At
the moment, however, there is a re-
thinking of more holistic concepts
that increasingly incorporate the ur-
ban and regional scale. The overall
objective of this approach is to cre-
ate maximum comfort in the interior
as well as in the exterior of the built
Thermal simulation of Chicago, IL. environment while minimizing the
Image: Dustin Phillip, 2019 use of resources at the same time.
15
schedule
Thursday Session 1 - BE 9.45h - 12.00h
Jour Fixe Session 2 - DF 13.15h - 16.30h
23.04.2020 09.45h Kick Off and Introduction Lectures BE & DF
13.15h Assignment of the Research Topic
30.04.2020 no Session Field Trip Slot (for Design Studios)
07.05.2020 09.45h Session BE -Lecture “Performative Envelopes”
13.15h Session DF: Getting Started with Python
14.05.2020 09.45h Project Presentation 1 (Research Idea)
13.15h Session DF: Datastructures and Geometry
28.05.2020 09.45h All-Day Design Workshop with Deskcrit
Submission of the Research Exposé
04.06.2020 09.45h Session BE: Lecture “Simulation of Thermal
Comfort” by Ata Chokhachian
13.15h Design Research Workshop with Deskcrit
Research-by-Design Phase
18.06.2020 9.45h Project Presentation 2 (Design Concept)
13.15h Session DF: Datastructures for Robotic Fabrication
25.06.2020 9.45h Design Workshop with Deskcrit
13.15h Session DF: Robotic Fabrication Basics
Phase 1
02.07.2020 9.45h Project Presentation 3 (Design Completed)
13.15h Session DF: Fabrication Workshop
09.07.2020 9.45h All-day Fabrication Workshop
16.07.2020 9.45h All-day Fabrication Workshop
Production Phase
23.07.2020 9.45h Final Presentation (Fabrication Completed)
Phase 2
28.07.2020 Submission of Project Documentation
Image: Brick Pattern House by Alireza Mashhadimirza
Photo: Alireza Mashhadimirza
17
context
One of the main aspects of life is the light is a very important component Thermal radiation has a ma-
dynamics of its elements. Climate for human health and therefore the jor influence on the heat ba-
conditions, behaviors and comfort. building envelope needs to provi- lance of humans.
de precise regulation of glare, illu-
minance, brightness, luminous flux. Fresh Air Supply: besides human
The ‘comfort’ depends on perso- Acoustic Comfort is achieved when emissions of CO2 and humidity, ga-
nal perceptions and also on tem- spaces provide appropriate acousti- ses, odours, biological impurities
porarily changing feelings of an in- cal support for interaction, confiden- that transmit diseases, aerosols and
dividual user. It mainly consists tiality, and concentrative work and dust require sufficient amount of ap-
of four comfort parameters: habitation by regulating noise levels, proximately one volume exchange
sound absorption, sound attenua- per hour of an internal space. This
- visual comfort tion, sound insulation and reverbe- is a significant energy consuming
- thermal comfort ration time. The building envelope part of a building. And since recent
- acoustic comfort provides mostly high sound insula- buildings tend to become more and
- supply of fresh air tion from exterior to the interior of a more airtight, an autonomous de-
building by using sound absorbing centralized ventilation system pro-
Those four comfort parame- surface towards interior spaces. viding fresh air supply is the fo-
ters are essential for human well- Thermal Comfort: Thermal com- cus of various researchers working
being and human health. fort is very much related to the air on adaptive building envelopes.
temperature as well surface tem- However, the regulation of the
perature of our human body. It is above mentioned comfort pa-
further depending on physical ac- rameters has been underesti-
Visual Comfort: The visual com- tivity, age, gender, surface tempe- mated in the last decades.
fort defines the conditions of the hu- ratures, humidity, air speed and in-
man environment in terms of ligh- sulation between human body and At the same time the building en-
„operative temperature“ DIN ting levels, glare, light distribution surrounding space. Most of these velope has not only an impact on
7730 (perceived temperature) and light color. For the users the parameters are significantly driven its internal spaces but has also a
human beings are not only sen- main aspects of visual comfort are: by the performance of the building major impact on its exterior envi-
sitive to the dry air-bulb tempera- - the comfort of human beings that envelope by Sun shading devices, ronment: The façade (of lat .: fa-
ture but also the air relative humi- provides the feeling of well-being thermal insulation materials, radia- cies:. Face) shapes the external
dity, the mean radiant temperature, - the performance which enables tion reflecting or absorbing mate- appearance of a building and ge-
the air velocity and the personal working people to manage visu- rials. (ASHRAE Stan-dard 1981) nerates the expression of the es-
al tasks even under difficult circum- Thermal comfort in rooms de- sence of an edifice and determi-
Diagram: Comfort temperatures and operative temperatures in an office with different heating methods. stances over a long time period. pends partly upon radiati- nes outside comfort conditions.
Image: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290869207_Comfort_temperatures_and_opera- However, adequate supply of day- ve exchange between occup-
tive_temperatures_in_an_office_with_different_heating_methods [accessed Feb 26 2020]. ants and their surroundings.
19the module
Module Organisation Research-by-Design Brief
Online Tools Design of a spatial urban microcli- The module contains
Webinars mate intervention (walk-in struc- two main phases:
• via Zoom ture) for central Munich made out of
Module Material bricks with a special focus on: Phase 1 —
• Moodle Research-by-Design Phase
• Github • issues of thermal comfort (ur- Developing a Research Topic
• Mendeley ban heating/cooling islands) Working on a Design Task
File Submission Exploring digital Design Tools
• Moodle • enhanced microclimate by var-
• Google Drive ious methods (e.g., self-shad- Phase 2 —
ing by geometry, evap- Production Phase
Module Requirements oration cooling, etc.) Fabrication of selected
demonstrator objects
Operating System • digital modeling, simula-
• Windows 10 Pro tion, optimization, and as-
(freely available for all sembly techniques
TUM students)
Commercial Software
• Rhinoceros 3D 6.0
(test version is free for 90 days)
Group Structure
• Groups of Three
Graphic: Climate-Active Furniture
Image: Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope -
21the module
Research Exposé Submission
Presentation: 14.05.2020
Zoom session with joint
presentations and discussions
Text Subission: 28.05.2020
Introduction
Background and Motivation:
Phase 1 — In-depth research could be ac- Research topics A clear and concise summary of the graphic development, Envi- will conduct the research project.
Research-by-Design Phase complished in one of the follow- whole paper Including methodolo- ronmental impact, Health Which material, tools, loca-
Developing a Research Topic ing topics. A scientific investigation • Urban heat island effect gy and conclusion. About 300 words tion, effect will you apply?
Working on a Design Task focuses on strategies augment- Research and Design Objective
Exploring digital Design Tools ing the performances of a build- • Urban microclimate effects State of the Art Identification of research gap/ • Selection of procedures
ing envelope by responding to the A short description of relevant re- problem statement, and spe- and research instruments
surrounding climate conditions. • Outdoor comfort in urban areas search in the field that provi- cification of research and de- • Method for data coll-
des context to your own work: sign question and goals: ection and analysis
The research focuses on autore- • (Digital) brick design Statement about an area of concern, • Literature study and review
active, sometimes dynamic pro- a condition to be improved upon, a Description of what is to be achie-
cesses in biology and technology, • Robotic brickwork difficulty to be eliminated Introduc- ved by the study Importance:
based on a deeper literature re- tion to the topic being studied and Narrows down the focus Guides in- Expected Results
view in scientific online journal da- • Self-shading geomet- the importance of it Places the pro- formation to be collected Facilita- Describe expected research fin-
tabases. Therefore we encourage ries in (brick) facades blem into a particular context Does tes development of methodology dings and what you want to ve-
you to sign up for the Climate Active not state how to do something, nor Can break down a broad objec- rify/achieve. Be precise in re-
Bricks Group on Mendeley for col- • Irrigated facade systems does it offer a vague or broad pro- tive into small logically connec- gard to what you want to test
laboration, exchange and develop- position or present a value questi- ted parts Is related to the prob- digitally as well as physically:
ment of our data pool collection. • Evapotranspiration on Importance: When understan- lem of a study Smart: Specific,
ding the nature of the problem, one measurable, attainable Realistic, • Restate your thesis
is better able to develop a solution time bound (what is to be done?) • Summarize your main findings
Is a fundamental step in desig- • Answer the research questions
ning a research plan It determines Also think of:
where and what kind of research To create a data base to be at References
the writer will be looking for It gui- hand for future design task
des information to be collected.
Image: Aspects of societal relevance: Method
Courant D'Air by Océane Romanet Economic growth, Demo- A concise description of how you
23the module
Phase 1 — Working on a Design Task and data to support us in the process
Research-by-Design Phase Exploring digital Design Tools: of design and decision making for
spatial brick structures with the aim
Based on each individual research to improve human comfort. Finally,
topic, each group will develop in following Phase 2, we will use
and design an urban walk- robots for the fabrication of intricate
in brick structure and examine designs.
the microclimate effects of their
differentiated geometries.
Through this module, we will explore
environmental modeling tools to
quantify local climatic impacts of
brick walls onto their immediate
surrounding. We will use simulation
Simulation: Environmental Analysis and Optimization using Ladybug Tool
Image: Ata Chokhachian
25the module
Phase 2 — At the center of the seminar The intended learning outcomes
Production Phase "Basics of Robot Fabrication" is include to
Fabrication of selected the imparting of conceptual and
demonstrator objects practical technical basics of digital, understand the theoretical
and especially robotic, fabrication in background of basic data
architecture. The seminar provides structures,
essential theoretical and practical
basic knowledge for computer-aided apply the basic principles of
integrated design and fabrication algorithmic design,
processes, as well as the general
use of robot technologies. The implement basic versions of
basics covered are practically prevalent algorithms related to
deepened using exercises. Based architectural geometry and robotic
on simple examples such as the fabrication,
robotic construction of masonry
structures enables students to learn use common CAD tools as
the principles of parametric and interfaces to self-implemented
algorithmic design with the Rhino solutions, and
and Grasshopper software and the
Python programming language. understand the scope and relevance
The examination credits of students of computational methods for
are provided in the form of written architectural research and practice.
exercises. This is intended to
demonstrate that important teaching
Illustration: Robot setup for the practical experimentation with concepts of robotic fabrication in architecture content and functional relationships
Image: Augmented Fabrication Lab are understood
27imprint
Text and Concept TUM Department of Architecture
© 2020 TUM Technical University of Munich - All Rights Reserved Technical University of Munich
TT Professorship Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of
Architectural Design and Building
Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and
Climate Responsive Design
Arcisstraße 21
80333 Munich I Germany
29Climate Active Bricks
TUM Department of Architecture
Technical University of Munich
Tenue Track Assistant Professorship Digital Fabrication
Associate Professorship of Architectural Design and Building Envelope
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive DesignYou can also read
