ECONOMIC MISSION OF CT. VAUD IN TURKEY 2015 - Mehmet Yildirimli, Head of SBH Turkey, 27th October 2014
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Mehmet Yildirimli, Head of SBH Turkey, 27th October 2014 ECONOMIC MISSION OF CT. VAUD IN TURKEY 2015
Swiss Business Hub Turkey Agenda / Content • Turkey at Glance o Doing business in Turkey • Bilateral Trade & Opportunities • Q&A 2
TURKEY AT GLANCE
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
CH - TR
Indicators (2013) Switzerland Turkey Comparison
Surface 41‘285km2 783’562km2 1 x 20
Population 8.2 Mio 76.7 Mio 1 x 9.5
Direct Investment
Population TR in CH 100‘000 3‘700 30 x 1
/ CH in TR
GDP per capita 45‘300 USD 10‘782USD 4x1 FDI from TR to 0.55 bn
CH CHF
GDP 623 bn USD 822 bn USD 1 x 1.3
GDP growth ~1 % ~4.4 % 1x4
Unemployment 3% 9% 1 x 3.5 FDI from CH to 2.6 bn
TR CHF
Import Export
CH with World ~195 bln USD ~220 bln USD
TR with World ~251 bln USD ~153 bln USD
CH with TR ~1.2 bln CHF ~1.96 bln CHF
Source: CIA world factbook 2014
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Management Summary
• 2013 was a turbulent year for Turkey unexpected protests
US-FED’s signal for a possible cut down
on liquidity
17th December; graft allegation probe
against some ministers and their sons
• Despite the unrest of protests as well as the other happenings in Q4 2013,
Turkey’s large and dynamic domestic market (~80 Mio people and 50% young
population) is still a very significant factor diferentiating the country from its
neighbour countries, mainly in Central and Eastern Europe.
• Turkey’s economic performance in 2013 was bettter in certain terms compared
to the previous year despite months of polical turmoil in the country.
• Turkey’s economy will grow slowly than expected because of higher borrowing
costs, instable exchange rates and a sharp fall in private consumption and the
«instable» political situation ~4-4.5%
6
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
• 17th largest economy in the world and 6th when compared to the EU Countries
in 2013 (IMF)
• Turkey is the 6th most visited holiday destination in the world (2013) after F, US,
ES, Ch, I 39.2Mio visitor in 2013
• Turkey is the 8th largest steel producer in the world and 2nd compared with
the EU countries (worldsteel 2013)
• Turkey is the 17th largest automotive producer in the world (OICA 2013)
• The largest youth population when compared to the EU countries
• 32,6 million broadband internet subscribers (2013)
• 57 million credit card users (2013)
• 69.6 million GSM users (2013)
7
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
• The 61th government program foresees that Turkey will be among the 10
biggest global economies in 2023. It aims to reach 500 billion USD in
exports volume with an average of 12% increase in exports annually. GDP 2
trillion USD, GDP per Capita 25K USD, 5-6% unemployment
• Turkey’s tomorrow is to invest strongly into research & development, into
infrastructure, into the country positioning and into the way of working.
• i.e brand
new old
Not to forget is that Turkey has not only access to one market but
multiple markets 1,6 billion people; $26 trillion GDP; $8 trillion trade
8
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Macroeconomic Indicators & Trends
Overall Economic
Forecast 2015
OP.
9
DOING BUSINESS IN TURKEY
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – Father of the Turks
• Military Commander 1st WW
• Destruction Greek forces in Asia Minor (1919–1922)
• 1923 founding of Republic of Turkey (Treaty of
Lausanne peace treaty signed in Lausanne, ended
the state of war with allied British Empire, French Rpublic, Kingdom of
Italy, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Greece…)
• First reforms based on western ideologies (latine
alphabet, metrical system, gregorian calendar,
surnames, separation of powers of the state
legislative power executive power and judicial
power, equality of gender, women voting rights, etc.)
• Introduction of the civil code based on the Swiss
civil code)
Secular, modern nation stateSwiss Business Hub Turkey
Characteristics; Pride and Nationalism
Proud of
history
culture
country
modernity (westernization)
family
Turks see themselves as Europeans!Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Turkey – two faces
Cosmopolite and western oriented Cities i.e.
Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir
Rural areaSwiss Business Hub Turkey Historicals, good to know about Turkey Two of the Seven Wonders of the World are located in Turkey THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS (TOMB OF MAUSOLUS) Near Izmir In today’s Bodrum 14
Swiss Business Hub Turkey JULIUS CAESAR – VENI VIDI VICI CLEOPATRA Julius Caesar spoke these famous words after Marcus Antonius gave Cleopatra one part of the defeating Pharnaces II, the King of Pontus (at the southwestern coast of Turkey as a wedding gift. northeastern province of Anatolia on the southern coast of the Back Sea) in 47 AD. 15
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Santa Claus was born in Demre, a
settlement at the Mediterranean coast
of Turkey.
The city of Troy – the district of the
ancient Trojan wars – lies in the west of
Turkey.
16Swiss Business Hub Turkey Good to know about Turkey Nutrition 70 % of the worldwide hazelnut production comes Coffee was brought to Europe by the Turkish from Turkey Turkey is also the largest producer and exporter of apricots, cherries and dried fruit Turkey is the second largest pasta producer in Europe behind Italy 17
Swiss Business Hub Turkey Good to know about Turkey Other TURKISH AIRLINES INTERNET AUTOMOTIVE And hundreds of other Turkish Airlines is the Turkey is ranked 7th in PRODUCTION reasons to invest in fourth largest Airline in Europe (27th worldwide) Ranked 17th worldwide Turkey… Europe and it won the in terms of Internet and 7th in Europe «Best European Airline usage Award» in 2011 18
Swiss Business Hub Turkey Family “Ich traue keinem Manager, Rechtsanwalt etc. – ich traue nur meiner Familie.” (Hakan Yakin, NZZ, 2.9.2005)
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Trust
To show respect & interest for country, people,
culture, rules
To prove reliability
To be a member of the family
To have personal contact / regularly visits TR-
CH
To know some Turkish words
To do dinners/lunches
To congratulate to celebrations (Bayram)Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Loosing Face
“loosing face”
No direct critics
Not being pushy
Indirect communication
Challenges: Evaluation of partner’s know
how
To ask in a diplomatic waySwiss Business Hub Turkey
Hierarchy
Hierarchy is important (age and sex not imp., except in
the family)
Important is protocol: sittings, rules, etc.
Top-down system (very westernized and modern
comp. bottom-up
Challenge: “Decision Makers” to identify and meet
SBH Turkey can operate as “Door opener”Swiss Business Hub Turkey
First meeting
Business casual /business dress code
Start with “Merhaba” (good day) oder “Nasilsiniz” (how are you?) / Small
Talk (family, football, weather…)
Attention: don’t start with politics!
Tea or Coffee
Slow negotiations don’t push
Trust and Friendship takes time
Presents
You Naming by man: -bey
Naming by woman -hanImSwiss Business Hub Turkey
Communication / Negotiation
Indirect communciation (oral/written)
Dynamic and intensive
Challenging partners to negotiate
Very price sensitive
Everything can happen: between anger and
hugging
To be patient, flexible, strategic and also hardSwiss Business Hub Turkey Ease of Doing Business Ranking Source: Doing Business , The Worldbank 2013
BILATERAL TRADE &OPPORTUNITIES
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
CH-TR Bilateral Relations; Legal Framework of the Economic Relations
Year Agreement
1930 Trade Agreement
1942 Agreement on the Organization of Commercial Exchange and Payments
1988 Agreement on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investment
1991 Free Trade Agreement EFTA-TURKEY
2001 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) of Joint Economic Commission
2002 MoU on High Level Commercial and Economical Consultation
2009 MoU in Energy Cooperation
2011 EFTA Protocol E (Mutual Recognition of Conformity Assessment of Products)
2013 Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement
27Swiss Business Hub Turkey
3.1 Export Figures & Market Potential
Export 2013 2014 (estimate) Outlook Industry Sectors
Total Imports from CH
2015
1,992 2,151
Bn CHF Product of chemicals,
pharmaceuticals
Machines, appliances,
Most Important Industry
% Mio. CHF
electronics
Sectors (2013)
Prod. Of chemicals, Precision instruments
pharmaceuticals or allied 44.0 0,876
industries Metal
Machines, appliances,
28.0 0,557
electronics Luxury goods
OP.
Precision instruments,
clocks, watches and
jewelry
13.0 0,259 Med-bio Tech
Metals 4.0 0,08 Product of chemicals,
pharmaceuticals
28Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Bilateral Trade by Sectors
Swiss Exports to Turkey by Industrial Sector 2013
4 Products of chemicals, pharmaceuticals or allied industries
11
13 Machines, appliances, electronics
44
Precision instruments, clocks and watches and jewellery
28 Metals
Various
Swiss Imports from Turkey by Industrial Sector 2013
Textiles, clothing, shoes
22.5
Vehicles 39
11
Forestry and agricultural products, fisheries
12,5
Metals 15
Various
Source: Fed. Customs AdministrationSwiss Business Hub Turkey
Trends & Opportunities
CONSTRUCTION
LIFE SCIENCE
CLEANTECH
INFRASTRUCTURESwiss Business Hub Turkey Trends & Opportunities
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
ENERGY
Strategic location for energy terminal and corridor
In the last decade energy demand and electric consumption have increased by 4% and 8% per year
Turkey needs to make over $200 billion investment in electricity production in the next twenty years
Privatization of energy generation assets and electricity distribution networks
The framework agreement (2009) b/w Switzerland and Turkey aims to encourage business and
technical cooperation in various fields (e.g. Renewable, energy efficiency, nuclear safety etc.)
Increasing/developing of renewable Energy resources
wind-, solar- and geothermal power plants
Improving of Energy Efficiency
Building Nuclear CapacitySwiss Business Hub Turkey ENVIRONMENT Total Investment required (2007-2023): € 59 billion Waste and waste management; waste water and water management
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
TRANSPORTATION
Railways: Turkey plans to increase 11’000 km current network of rails to 25’000 km within ten years;
5’500 light vehicles (metro) is projected in twenty years
Highways: construction of highways/bridges connecting major economic zones ($10 billion)
Airports: rehabilitation and/or expansion of existing airports and construction of new airports (150mio
passengers, consturction cost 10 bn EUR)
Privatization of some existing networks
General: 2013-23 > 350 bn USD will be invested
Intensity of highway, motorway and railwaySwiss Business Hub Turkey
Projects of the century
TURKEY’S BIGGEST TECHNOPARK THIRD BOSPORUS BRIDGE
On the Asian side of Istanbul At the northern end of the Bosporus
750 000 m² 1 875 m
Costs: USD 4 bn Costs: USD 2 bn
- IZMIT GULF TRANSIT
- ISTANBUL-IZMIR HIGHWAY
- HIGH SPEED TRAIN TRHOUGH ANKARA-
THE WORLD’S BIGGEST AIRPORT BURSA-ISTANBUL
Capacity for 150 Mio passengers per year - ……
Area of 90 mio m2
Costs: EUR 10 bnSwiss Business Hub Turkey HEALTH The Turkish health-care system has been undergoing a reform process. The government aims to increase the quality, efficiency and accessibility More than 40 new state hospitals are planned to open in 29 provinces ($750 million) Over 100 new private hospitals in addition to existing 500 private hospitals to be opened The size of the pharma sector is expected to reach more than $15 billion in 2014
Swiss Business Hub Turkey INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) Fastest growing IT companies in the region are from Turkey, 27 of the 500 fastest growing tech companies in EMEA are Turkish Cell phone penetration rate is over 90%. Internet penetration is 45% (more than doubled in last 5 years) Market size is around >$30 billion (2013) and huge potential for further growth E-commerce is expected to exceed $13 billion in 2014 (16 times bigger compared with 2005) Increasing budget allocation by government for public IT investments
Swiss Business Hub Turkey RETAIL BUSINESS Market size is expected to exceed $300 billion in 2013 Food, home appliances, textile, technology products and luxury products are the major categories
Swiss Business Hub Turkey AGRIBUSINESS Turkey has the capacity to be the main food hub in the region Organic farming: increasing with 2-digits growth rate
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Foreign direct investments, from and to Switzerland
Notable Swiss firms investing in Turkey: Notable Turkish firms investing in Switzerland:
OP.
ABB, Adecco, Blaser Swisslaube, Bühler AG, Credit Suisse, Glencore, Kofisa SA (Koc Group), Dilko SA (TR Peugeot
Mövenpick Hotel, Nestlé, Glencore, Novartis Oerlikon, Phonak, Roche, Supplier), Baytur SA (Cukurova Group), Kibar Inl.
Sandoz, Schinder, Sika, Swiss, Syngenta, UBS, Viatrans, Barry (Kibar Group), City Trade SA (Altinbas Group), Europe
Callebaut, Ammann-Technomak, Pfiffner, BR Scneider-Ammann, Credit Bank (FIBA), Is Bank Gmbh, Bank Commerce
Swatch Group, Swissotel Deplacement (Yapi Kredi), Rixos Hotel, Dogus
Holding, various advocate offices
40Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Sum up
SWOT: Year Analysis 2014
Strengths Weaknesses
• Large, dynamic market • Current account deficit continues to be a source of
• It has an ideal strategic geographical location for vulnerability
trading • Weakness and relapse in education
• Strengthened investor protections through a new • Strong dependence on imports of energy sources
commercial code • Signs of anti-democratic statecraft
• Steady regulatory improvements are making it • Lumbering bureaucracy
easier to set up and run a business in Turkey • Increase on Minimum Capital for new businesses
• Reduced time for dealing with construction
permits
Opportunities Threats
• Growing suburbs & sub-regions • Education system is not delivering enough of the
• Young and skilled labor force Growth of know- skills needed by an innovative and dynamic
how (returnees) and R&D (government) entrepreneurial business sector
• Potential role as an energy –gas hub • Threat of energy shortage
OP.
•
•
•
Manufacturing (hub) of high quality products
Strategically located between key markets in
Europe, the Middle East, Russia and Central Asia
Growing interest in renewable energy and energy
•
•
•
Currency risk
High inflation
Instability at the borders such as the disturbance
caused by ISIL and PKK
efficiency • Excessive increase in immigration from neighbour
• There are many industrial locations and resources countries
untouched
41Partner
VARIOUS LOCAL EXPERTS AND
OTHER CHAMBERS AND INSTITUTIONS
42Contact
MEHMET YILDIRIMLI ALBERTO SILINI
Director of Swiss Business Hub Turkey Head of Consulting, Responsible for Turkey
c/o Consulate General of Switzerland Switzerland Global Enterprise
Esentepe Mah. Büyükdere Cad. 173 Stampfenbachstrasse 85
1. Levent Plaza A Blok Kat:3 8006 Zürich
TR-34394 Levent - Sisli - Istanbul
Tel. +41 (44) 365 53 15
Tel. +90 (0) 212 / 283 12 82 (ext. 234) Mobile +41 (79) 239 69 03
Mobile +90 (0) 530 230 12 20
Fax. +90 (0) 212 / 283 12 98 E-Mail alberto.silini@s-ge.com
Web www.s-ge.com
E-mail mehmet.yildirimli@eda.admin.ch
Web www.eda.admin.ch/istanbul
43QUESTIONS?
MERCI!
TEŞEKKÜRLER!
44Swiss Business Hub Turkey BACK UP SLIDES 45 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
CT. VAUD – TURKEY DRAFT PROGRAM 2015
Program Istanbul & Ankara May 4-9, 2015
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
TURKEY SWITZERLAND
Facilitating / change of laws Science, technology, innovations
Economic strength & growing young Skilled and multilingual staff
population High education system (high number of
Middle class, energy, construction, waste Nobel Prize per capita)
management, railway, Medtech, etc. World-leading research environment (HQ
Growing suburbs & sub-regions of multinational companies)
Growth of know-how (returnees) and R&D Ideal destination for administration and
(government) distribution, tourism and financial services
Geopolitical location
BOTH COUNTRIES NOT IN EU BUT KEY PLAYERS IN THE WORLD
48Swiss Business Hub Turkey OTHER Upcoming public tenders is anticipated to reach $20 billion level (Ministry of Industry) Financing is provided by the state, the private sector, the EU and international agencies The World Bank will be providing $6.5 billion for Turkey’s investment plans in energy, health, public services and education. EBRD’s portfolio built up to more than 2 billion Euros since 2009 in about 50 operations ranging from agribusiness to renewable energy projects. The Bank’s investments will continue to focus on renewable energy, promoting of mid-size companies in underdeveloped regions and supporting privatization efforts The new incentive scheme and the new Commercial Code provide better investment environment Swiss companies can take part through their subsidiaries, local agents or consortium partners (local and EU companies) by supplying goods (systems, sub-systems, parts and components) providing engineering and consultation services 49
Swiss Business Hub Turkey
Trends & Opportunities
Automotive Target to produce over 2 million vehicles within 5 years
Transportation Highway capacity planned to be tripled up until 2023 with 12 different
project
Real Estate Third most attractive real estate investment destination in 2012
(AFIRE); Istanbul is the most attractive real estate investment market
in 2012 (PwC, ULI); more than $27 billion FDI over past decade.
Finance Resilient to the global financial crisis with strong regulatory and
supervisory framework, the most attractive sector with $39 billion FDI
in the past decade; more opportunities with Istanbul Finance Center
Energy Strategic location for energy terminal and corridor; rapidly growing
demand: over $100 billion investment is needed to meet the demand
till 2023; privatization and diversification opportunities.
ICT Fastest growing IT companies in the region are from Turkey, 27 of the
500 fastest growing tech companies in EMEA are Turkish. 2011 winner:
Logic Bilişim (5-year revenue growth of 28,617% with 412% CAGR).MARKTEINTRITTS- STRATEGIEN TÜRKEI
Markteintrittsstrategien TÜRKEI
Türkei – und man denkt an… 53 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
Markteintrittsstrategien
1. Markteintritt ohne Direktinvestitionen
a) Direktvertrieb
b) Zusammenarbeit mit einer Agentur oder einem Importeur
c) Vertrieb über einen Handelsvertreter
d) Gründung eines Verbindungbüros
2. Markteintritt mit Direktinvestitionen
a) Gründung einer Niederlassung
b) Neugründung eines Unternehmens
c) Beteiligung an einer Gesellschaft
d) Übernahme eines Unternehmens
e) Joint Venture
Art des Markteintritts hängt von zahlreichen Faktoren ab
(Wettbewerbssituation, Investitions- und Risikobereitschaft, Know-how etc.)
54 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEGrundlagen zur Entwicklung einer Markteintrittsstrategie
- Rahmenbedingungen müssen bekannt sein (oft Fehleinschätzungen)
- Marktgewohnheiten
- Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
- Marktzutritt
- Zölle
- Zertifizierungen
- Marktumfeld
- Internationale und lokale Wettbewerber
- Stellung und Strategien der Wettbewerber
- Marktpotenzial / Entwicklung
- Regionale Verteilung der Kunden
- Vertriebsstrukturen
- Preise
- Markenimage
55 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEMarkteintritt OHNE Direktinvestitionen
Direktvertrieb
Direktvertrieb aus dem Ausland ohne lokalen Partner nur wenn:
- Anzahl Kunden nicht gross ist
- Kunden grössere Unternehmungen sind, welche gewöhnt sind, direkt aus
dem Ausland zu importieren
- Produkt erklärungsbedürftig und kundenspezifisch ist
- Keine Vertretung das nötige Know-how hat
Vorteile Direktvertrieb Nachteile Direktvertrieb
Direkter Kundenkontakt Bei grösserer Anzahl Kunden sehr
aufwändig
Bessere Marge / weniger Kleinere türkische Unternehmungen
Preisaufschläge für Provisionen beschaffen lieber lokal (einfacher,
Vertrauen etc.)
56 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEVertrieb über Agenten oder Importeur Agent: - Auch Handelsvertreter genannt (türk. acente) - Vermittler von Aufträgen - Vergütung durch Provisionierung - Rechnungsstellung und Lieferung erfolgen direkt aus dem Ausland in die Türkei - Können natürliche oder juristische Personen sein - Handelsvertreter bedürfen einer entsprechenden offiziellen Urkunde Importeure: - Kaufen und verkaufen Produkt auf eigene Rechnung an türkische Kunden - Preisaufschlag (Marge) durch Importeur Generell: - Mischformen sind möglich (Grosskunden durch Agenten / Kleine durch Importeure) - Unter 1 Mio. Umsatz lohnt sich i.d.R. keine eigene Vertriebsstruktur 57 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
Vertrieb über Agenten oder Importeur (EXKURS) Die Wahl des Vertriebspartners ist ausschlaggebend für den Geschäftserfolg! Viele KMU unterschätzen Risiken Vielmals werden an Messen Kontakte geknüpft und sofort Vertriebspartnerschaften eingegangen «Wir verfügen über wertvolle Kontakte, sind in der Branche bestens bekannt, beliefern sowohl General Electric und die türkische Regierung! Zudem haben wir persönliche Kontakte bis auf Regierungsebene!» sind nicht selten gehörte Aussagen von potenziellen Partnern. V O R S I C H T ! Lassen Sie die Partner durch S-GE verifizieren oder fragen Sie S-GE für eine qualifizierte Vertriebspartnersuche 58 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
Qualifizierte Suche von Vertriebspartnern durch S-GE
• Erstellung Partnerprofil mit CH-Firma
• Suche durch Swiss Business Hub (Datenbanken, eigene Quellen, Verbände, Netzwerk etc.)
Longlist • Check der Longlist und Verifizierung Ansprechpartner
• Selektion der zu kontaktierenden Firmen (Kunde / S-GE)
• Aufbereitung personalisiertes Mailing durch SBH in lokaler Sprache
Shortlist
• Versand Mailing / telefonisches Follow-up durch lokalen Partner
• Einholen von Interessensbekundungen
Search • Interviews
• Validierung der Interessensbekundungen
• Überprüfung der Kandidaten nach festgelegten Kriterien
Qualifizierung • Präsentation Findings an Schweizer KMU
59 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEQualifizierte Suche von Vertriebspartnern durch S-GE
• Wahl der potenziellen Kandidaten
Selection
• Organisation von Meetings (vor Ort) mit Schweizer KMU
• Begleitung durch lokalen Mitarbeiter des Swiss Business
Fact Finding Hubs an Meetings
• Entscheid: Vertriebspartner / Strategie und Identifizierung
von allfälligen weiteren Massnahmen
ENTSCHEID
60 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEProblemfelder bei der Auswahl und Zusammenarbeit Exklusivität: - Wenn Produkte in mehreren Zielsegmenten / -branchen abgesetzt werden, ist Vorsicht geboten - Mindestabsatzmengen festlegen - Verschiedene Partner für verschiedene Branchen ist OK Portfolio des Vertriebspartners: «Traditionell» ist kein Qualitätsmerkmal Auf Langfristigkeit setzen Filterung von Informationen vermeiden Sich mit Mentalität auseinander setzen: «Ich habe alles meinem Partner erklärt, jetzt möchte ich sehen, wie selbständig er daraus was macht» – NO GO! 61 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
Vor- und Nachteile bei der Zusammenarbeit mit DISTRIBUTOREN
Vorteile Nachteile
Günstige Kostensituation Oft kurzfristiges Denken der
Partner
Schneller Marktzugang Schwierige Steuerung
Geringe Fixkosten Keine direkte Bestimmung der
Strategie
Nutzung vorhandener Ressourcen Gefilterte Marktinformationen
Weniger Vertrauen bei Kunden im
Vergleich zur eigenen
Repräsentanz
62 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEVertrieb über ein VERBINDUNGSBÜRO / REPRÄSENTANZ Allgemein: - Stellt keine türkische juristische Person dar - das Verbindungsbüro darf selbst keine Rechnungen stellen, bzw. Umsatz generieren (reines Ausgabenbüro) - definitionsgemäss ein Kontaktbüro zur Marketing- oder Einkaufsunterstützung - die Kosten werden von der Muttergesellschaft im Ausland beglichen - das Verbindungsbüro muss daher in der Türkei keine vollständige Buchhaltung führen, nur begrenzt Steuererklärungen abgeben und keine Körperschaftssteuer zahlen. - die Kosten werden beim Mutterhaus im Ausland komplett in den Aufwand eingebucht. - als Anreiz des türkischen Staates die Mitarbeiter von der Einkommenssteuer befreit. 63 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
Vertrieb über ein VERBINDUNGSBÜRO / REPRÄSENTANZ
Gründung:
- ein Verbindungsbüroleiter mit umfangreichen Vollmachten
- Antrag auf Gründungserlaubnis an das Staatssekretariat für Schatzwesen
beim Generaldirektorat für ausländische Investitionen in Ankara gestellt. Das
Genehmigungsschreiben des Generaldirektorats gilt als Legitimation des
Büros vor Ort.
Vorteile Nachteile
Steuerung der Strategie über Keine Möglichkeit, lokale
eigene Mitarbeiter Rechnungen zu stellen
Keine Einkommenssteuer für die Keine Import- oder
Mitarbeiter Lagerhaltungsmöglichkeit
Repräsentanz mit Adresse und Vorsteuer nicht abzugsfähig
Telefonnummer in der Türkei
Einfache Ausgabenbuchhaltung
Vertrauen der Kunden
64 Corporate Design PowerPoint | 30.10.2014 | © SWITZERLAND GLOBAL ENTERPRISEDIREKTINVESTITIONEN
Allgemein:
- Sehr liberales Investitionsklima
Vorteile Nachteile
Erleichterter Marktzugang Hohe Investitionskosten (Fix)
Kundennähe und –vertrauen Längere Amortisationsdauer
Umgehung von Handelsbarrieren Hohe Transaktionskosten
Günstige Kostensituation
Wettbewerbsvorteile
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