Email: Multicultural Politics in Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta 2017 in Tempo.Co - Neliti
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 1st (June, 2017), pp. 29-36
Multicultural Politics in Governor Candidates of DKI
Jakarta 2017 in Tempo.Co
DIYA SRI WIDIYANTI
Program Studi Kajian Sastra dan Budaya, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya
Email: Diyasriwidiyanti@gmail.com
Abstract: The purpose of this research is how to comprehend the politics of Indonesian
people for accepting ethnic, racial, religious and tribal diversity in occupying
government seat (governor’s election of Jakarta) in the context of multicultural
country. This research uses Michel Foucaul’s theory, especially in implementing the
discourse of “ indigenous Indonesian leader “ in people’s mind. Foucaul’s critical
discourse analyses alone does not fully answer the issues of politics in Indonesia,
therefore this research also uses Jacques Ranciere’s theory in its democratic spirit
and the multicultural view of Bhikhu Parekh. The result of the research are society’s
heterophobia of multicultural politics, the emerging burden of multicultural politics
in Indonesia, antagonism, failures in politics, and epilogue, becoming a difference
border. The conclusion is, issue of SARA (ethnicity, religion, race, intergroups) still
exists, especially in a country with multicultural status. Politics and multicultural
discourses which do not find the logic of the equation is not the dissensus, but
consensus.
Key Words: political discourse, heterophobia, Politics Of Multiculturalism, Governor
Candidates, Tempo.Co
Introduction issue continues to roll and as if to affirm the
existence of the issue. Yusril Ihza Mahendra,
Candidates of governor election for DKI
one of the governor’s candidates firmly said
Jakarta 2017 are increasingly preoccupied
that he would not use the SARA issue in his
with the issue of SARA (tribe, religion,
campaign. In fact, Yusril implicitly used the
race, and inter-group) to seize the seat of
SARA issue and responded to the problem,
government in Indonesia. It is still vividly
Yusril (Tempo:2016) even said thathe is close
recorded how every contemporary political
to Chinese mainly because of his fluency in
struggle always tries to embed the primordial
Chinese. The statement further reinforced
issue to mobilize support and sympathy.
with the fact that he also mentioned some
Ahmad Dhani (2016) consciously attacked
other ethnics such as Minang, Madura, and
Ahok, the elected governor of DKI, with
Bugis who also gave full support to him.
such statement as “Kamu ini kan turunan
Although he tried not to roll out similar issues,
Majapahit, Mataram. Jadi, Indonesia ini tanah
in fact, Yusril continued to practice the same
warisan Nusantara, warisan leluhur nenek
discourse to attract sympathy. This statement
moyang kita, bukan nenek moyang Ahok
strengthens the fact that in Indonesia, people
kan” (“You are the descendant of Majapahit,
still favor major ethnicity compared to minor
Mataram. So, Indonesia indeed, is a heritage
ones, especially indigenous Indonesian citizen.
land of our ancestors, not ‘Ahok’ ancestors,
Hardiman argued, it has been embedded in
right? ”.The word “Ahok” itself is a familiar
the minds of the people about the concept of
call for Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, one of the
indigenous and non-indigenous so that the
governor candidates of DKI 2017. Although
government is more adhered to ethnic nation
there are many disagree, and even opposed
rather than the civic nation where ethnic
Ahmad Dhani’s statement, the fact is that this
Received: February 08, 2017, Revision: April 10, 2017, Accepted: May 19, 2017
Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. Doi:
Accredited by DIKTI. SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, valid 18-02-2014 until 18-02-2019, Indexed by DOAJ
‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 29DIYA SRI WIDIYANTI, Multicultural Politics In Governor Candidates Of Dki Jakarta 2017 In Tempo.co
becomes the dominant thing (Hardiman in Pulpit, Vol. 29, and the title is, Nilai Islam
Kymlicka, 2011: xv). terhadap Kinerja Kerja (Islamic Value Toward
Work Performances). It tells about “Islam
Ahmad Dhani’s effort in opposing Ahok’s
tells its people to work in cooperation and
politics is increasingly shown by his attempts
in accordance with the moral values, akhlaq
to reawaken the concept of cultural artifacts.
or ethics”.The type of morally hard worker
It means that Ahmad Dhani tried to give
is a dream of the characteristics of nation’s
taxonomy on various ethnic groups according
leaders for the people. However, the context
to their historical understanding, which in the
is very different from the case experienced by
spirit of politics has no direct relationship.
Ahok. Coming from a small group of “Chinese
Politics or in the concept of Mouffe (2005:
and non-Muslim” groups, Ahok’s move to sit
33-34) is called as the political. This concept
in a government seat is not easy.
introduces about all practices of domination
battle through the power of ideas and views, Based on the social context in the
which are then challenged by the counter society, the problem which will be discussed in
ideas. Then, the problem arose not only in the this research is how the politics of Indonesian
multicultural framework of SARA, but also the society accepting the diversity of ethnic,
gap in political practice. Therefore, it needs race, religion and tribe to occupy the seat of
further explanation and approach from the government with the context of multicultural
multicultural base, which is also impossible country. In this study, the focus of the
if it is not implicated in the paradigm of problem is related to the nomination of Ahok
political science. If the multicultural issues who will be appointed in the research by
base that the world of community experience presenting the issue of SARA as a political
is antagonistic, then how political events polemic in Indonesia. In addition, the method
can provide solution? Based on the reading used in this research is qualitative research
through Tempo newspaper that pertain method through descriptive approach to get
to the SARA issue, there is an attempt to political strategy of Indonesia in the case
reconstruct the understanding, why the battle happened to Ahok when running for governor
showed in the election of the governor is candidate of DKI Jakarta.
more preoccupied with primordial talk than
ideological issue in accordance with the spirit
of the party or the views held. Moreover, it Research Methods
is to answer the question, why the discourse
This research will focus more on the
of this distinction always arises in political
reflective position of reading the picture
events or moments.
presented in Tempo newspaper in March, April
The SARA issue has never had a direct and May edition in 2016. The news consists
reference to the political view, especially the of 10 articles that have been published in
political offer. Consequently, the candidate the last three months related to the news
dispute requires multicultural and political about Ahok in politics such as:“Serang Ahok
view to explain the phenomenon as well as to dengan SARA, Ahmad Dhani Diminta Belajar
provide a solution to the issues being debated. Sejarah”, “Fasih Berbahasa Cina, Yusril Yakin
The multicultural and political approaches Bisa Kalahkan Ahok”, “Sindir Ahok Yusril
consider the management of antagonism and Berjanji Tak Gunakan Isu SARA”, “Hadapi
heterophobia to be important to the state Ahok, Sandiaga Uno Berjanji Tak Gunakan
scheme in Indonesia. Although this country Isu SARA”, “Tak Dukung Ahok, PKS bukan
has a variety of race, ethnicity, culture, and SARA”,“Ribuan Nitizen Teken Petisi Pecat
customs, this is not a guarantee for this Dubes Yusron Ihza Mahendra”, “Pengemar
country to be able to accept all classes to Ahok dan Dhani Saling Serang, Diskusi Pilkada
enter the government system in Indonesia. DKI Bubar”, “Dhani Heru Perkenalkan Jokowi
The fact is happened in the current political dan Ahok Kepada Penguasa”, “Cerita Ahok
period when Ahok ran for governor candidate Dipinang Wiranto Agar Gabung Hanura”,
of DKI Jakarta for the period of 2017. The “Ahok Hafal Surah Al. Maidah Jadi Senjata
majority Muslim population underlies its Politik Saingannya”.
people to choose leaders with the same
The researcher chose Tempo newspaper
status. It strengthens with the knowledge of
as the object to be analyzed because Tempo.
the ethos of good Islamic work; increasingly
co newspaper is a big national media, which
perpetuate the community to be consistent in
tends not to affiliate with political party. As
choosing a fellow Muslim leader. It was also
can be seen, some major media in Indonesia
delivered by Amalia (2013) in the journal
30 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 1st (June, 2017), pp. 29-36
have relationships with certain political shaping the historical archives. Therefore, he
parties. wrote a book entitled “Neitzsche, Genealogy
Postmodern media texts often give the Historis.” Foucault emphasized that every
impression of being self-reflexively critical of piece of history consists of the relationship
media images. However, read carefully, and of war, battle, and “the struggle ... which is
in relation to contemporary social context, exerted by the force of coercion against one
postmodern texts often harbour many another” (Foucault 1991: 83). The success
contradictory agendas (Saukko,2003:114) of history belongs to those who are able to
Therefore, the focus is more on the social seize the rules.
context, texts, and possibilities of overlapping The definition of power by Foucault
agendas. This research highlighted the news is not understood in terms of ownership, in
of Tempo.co, which preached the issue of which one has a certain source of power. The
SARA in the political constellation of governor power in Foucault’s view is not owned but is
candidate of Jakarta 2017 with 3-month practiced in the scope where there are many
news ranges because the problem about the positions that are strategically related to
selection of candidate for governor of DKI others. He asserted that power could happen
became the hot topic, which was discussed everywhere in which there are mechanisms of
intensively. rules, regulation system. Wherever there are
humans who have a certain relationship with
each other and with the world, there is power.
Michel Foucault: Discourse and
The mechanism of power is born
Power
because of the underlying knowledge. It is
In presenting the news, the Tempo almost impossible for power to exist without
newspaper also presented a discourse on being supported by the political economy of
“Sosok Pemimpin Yang Layak Untuk DKI truth. Knowledge is not a vague expression
Jakarta” (The Worthy Figure of Leader for of power relations but knowledge is in the
Jakarta). The discourse is cannot be implanted power relations itself. Foucault’s concept
directly in the minds of the community, but brings the consequence of knowing the power
there is a process through the power system. of research required on the production of
The researcher uses approach by Michel knowledge underlying power. It is because
Foucault where he connects a discourse and every power is organized, established, and
power system. It aims to be able to understand manifested through certain knowledge
the meaning lifted from the newspaper Tempo. and discourse. This discourse eventually
co. The approach offered by Michel Foucault becomes the knowledge of a truth, which
first offered an “archaeological” analysis of is then perpetuated in the minds of the
the archive. Foucault introduces discourse into community as an example in the politics of
social sciences. Then, the thought became an the majority of Indonesian population. The
important contributor to science and is now majority population of Javanese and Islamic
a discourse that is now becoming a common tribes will dominate the political system
methodology for solving a problem. This within Indonesian political party space. The
analysis is used to interpret certain subjects indigenous concept that still reminds of the
in certain contexts by a particular group of concept of the majority is always raised in the
people, in order to interpret what is being struggle for the seat of government.
done politically through these statements.
In The Archeology of Knowledge,
Michel Foucault said that discourse cannot
The Spirit of Indonesian Democracy:
be reduced to merely language and speech A Multicultural Culture in the Politics
(Michel Foucault 2002: 54). He focused on To look deeply the multicultural politics
the micro-practice of power / knowledge in of Indonesia, the researcher also uses the
the modern societal institutions that give birth perspective of Jacques Rancier in the spirit
(for continuous criticism of Foucault’s use of democracy and multicultural views. In
(Selby: 2007). The archaeological method his view of politics, Jacques Ranciere was
was never abandoned by Foucault but he originally guided by three divisions of western
redeveloped the method more explicitly, political philosophy namely Archipolitic,
captivated on the performance of power. metapolitic and parapolitic. The Archipolitic
He replaced archeology with genealogy. He does not answer the politics that emphasize
emphasized that power had a central role in equality. Rather, everyone is positioned
‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 31DIYA SRI WIDIYANTI, Multicultural Politics In Governor Candidates Of Dki Jakarta 2017 In Tempo.co
somewhere and strives to achieve the of indigenous and non-indigenous. This means
position they expect compared to achieving that the government is more embraced the
equality. The second way of politics was ethnic nation rather than the civic nation
spearheaded by Aristotles, namely parapolitic. where ethnic becomes the dominant thing
The concept of politics is perceived to be (Hardiman in Kymlicka, 2011: xv). It is not
more democratic than ever before, where surprising that there are more power-sharing
the conflict in politics is acceptable but to be forms based on ethnic taxonomy. This capital
immediately reformulated into more flabby is culturally inhere n t as a religion that is
forms such as inner competition, consensus, very easy to classify because there are only
and representation. The third is metapolitic, five religions in Indonesia rather than other
derived from Marxist thought. According to divisions, which are of course more diverse
Ranciere, metapolitic is essentially a form and ‘complicated’. S o also indigenous and
of “political” denial caused by political truths non-indigenous, who u nwittingly always
often placed or sought elsewhere “out there”. assume Java as the c e nter. Here we can
So to offer a new way of politics, Ranciere see how a territory of power is geopolitically
made an anti-thesis of political philosophy attached. This is al s o not easily changed
in which he began by conducting research because historically the island of Java is
on the lives of workers empirically. From his closer to the politi cal discourse. Taxonomic
research, he found that most of the workers issues are then taken to the political arena
did not question their lives due to material of candidates for go v ernor. Although Yusril
reasons but rather to the low quality of life due said unequivocally t h at he would not bring
to the hierarchy of the social establishment. the issue of SARA to his political campaign, in
Therefore, the point that Ranciere wants to fact, he was still questioning Ahok who did not
emphasize is that the most radical class is get the support from the Chinese community.
not the class who wants an absolute change He insisted that he had the full support of the
in the social hierarchy, rather the class that Chinese group by saying that “Many Chinese
is in a situation or position of ‘migration’; the communities are supporting me because I am
class is in the border area such as those who in the management of The Supreme Council
have an ideal that goes beyond its material for the Confucian Religion..” (Riana, Tempo.
restrictions. co. 2016) It is more hinted that the issue
of SARA used to bull y Ahok as his political
To deepen the understanding of the
enemy. Meanwhile, Sandiaga Uno, one of the
concept of multiculturalism in politics, the
candidates promoted by Gerindra Party also
approach of Bhikhu Parekh becomes important
promised not to use the SARA issue. However,
to be involved in explaining the political
the statement the us e of “non-indigenous”
phenomena occurring in every prospective
diction is still com m on when talking about
governor of DKI Jakarta 2017 with the form
minority communities who still vote on the
of analysis based on the tempo.co newspaper
racial basis to choo s e candidate leaders.
texts for the period of March, April, and May
This form of binary t radition is precipitated
2016. Bhikhu Parekh divides the discourse on
and crystallized to the prospective leader to
multiculturalism into 3 areas (Parekh: 2000),
obscure the bargaining and ideological values
namely first community groups that have
held.
systems and values of traditional practices
that differ from the public. They are in a Another concern is the emergence of
region that has a dominant tradition but they moral monism, in a position; the meaning
still want to create new cultures such as gay, of the text on the presence of SARA issues
lesbian, and single p arent groups. Second, not only represents the disappearance of
critical communities to the culture dominantly constructive political intentions, but also
want to seize and perpetuate the new culture reinforces the hegemonic identity wrapped
they create as the worldview they want, for through moral monism. Parekh criticized
example feminists and radical group activists. moral monism for as if there was only one
Finally, the third i s a group of people who way of life that was truly human, true or best,
already have their own perspective. They are and that others were imperfect because of
well organized in their communities such as the deficiency (Parekh, 2011: 33). It is also
immigrants, religious or tribal groups. in order to give hegemonic identity to the
party. However, unfortunately, the identity is
Finding Society’s He t erophobia On
often blurred because of the loss of the spirit
Multicultural Politics of political ideology. PKS is one of the parties,
Indonesia still understands the concept which refuse to give support to Ahok because
32 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 1st (June, 2017), pp. 29-36
it is considered as a deficiency. The main concerned with moral monism as a tool of
reason Hidayat Nur Wahid refused to return power. It is also happened to Indonesian
Ahok is not because of the SARA issue, but ambassador for Japan who is Yushril’s
because Ahok failed to absorb the full budget, brother. He stated racist comments that lead
while Ahok argued to see more needs analysis to many netizen protests. A racist attack on
rather than become a field of corruption. As Ahok indicates the loss of healthy politics in
a party that has a high level of openness to argumentative debates about political ideas
the budget funds, PKS uses it as a strategy and views.
to resist Ahok subtly. A study conducted by Ahok mengakui tidak asing mendapatkan
Rachmiatie (2013) showed that perlakuan diskriminatif. Sebab itu saat ini
dia hanya berfokus pada kinerja. Ahok tak
“Sebagian besar partai politik tidak mau
menampik elektabilitasnya boleh jadi sangat
menyerahkan laporan keuangan dan program
dipengaruhi unsur rasis. Banyak pihak yang
kerja yang diminta. Hanya tiga partai politik
belum bisa menerima karena dirinya bukan
yaitu PKS, Partai Hanura, dan Partai Gerindra
dari kaum mayoritas. “Banyak isu SARA segala
yang merespon dengan menyerahkan Laporan
macam. Saya sudah kenyang. Saya fokus kerja
Keuangan. PKS memberikan laporan keuangan
saja,” katanya(Hidayat dan Huda, Tempo.co:
tahun 2010. Gerindra menyerahkan laporan
2016 and the title Ketika Ahok Diserang dengan
keuangan dari APBN tahun 2011 dan surat
Ayat Al-Quran).
konfirmasi masih dalam proses audit untuk
laporan keuangan. Hanura memberikan laporan (Ahok admitted that discriminative treatment
keuangan dari APBN tahun 201 was not something new to him. He was only
focus on his work at that moment. He didn’t
(Most of the parties refused to give their
deny that his electability may pretty much
financial reports and programs which asked
affected by race element. Most people have
by the government. There are only three
not embraced him yet since he came from
political parties, PKS, Hanura, and Gerindra,
minority.”There are a lot of issues of SARA. I
responded by giving out their financial reports.
have had enough of them. I just focus on my
PKS handed the report of 2010, Gerindra gave
work,” he said. (Hidayat dan Huda, Tempo.co:
financial report of 2011 state budget and
2016 with the title When Ahok Attacked by The
confirmation letter was still in the process of
Quranic Verse).
audit, while Hanura gave their report of 2011)
The attack of racism became a
The form of rejection should be seen
moment when Ahok was attacked through
in terms of political views or vision of the
his understanding of the Qur’anic verse,
mission, and not to look at patterns of
which was politically capable of sparking a
politeness or budget absorption problems.
greater feud. It is also the momentum when
Instead of not speaking SARA, PKS actually
Indonesian people are not ready yet to a
reinforces his moral monism. Moral monism
multicultural politics that is an attempt to be
according to Bikhu Parekh does not deny
fair to the differences. However, this kind of
that they are different and there is no exact
politics cannot be implemented if a society
human insane, but there is still a stance
maintains heterophobia, fear of others in
that differences determine their specificity,
its sake (Hardiman in Kymlicka, 2011: xx).
not their humanity (Parekh, 2011: 35). It
Then, there is an attempt to see the logic
presupposes the existence of differences
of equations in the context of the state and
is not mutual, especially PKS stated its
politics that certainly exist in the macro
unmatched style of leadership, the style used
region. Ranciere then spawned the term for
as a benchmark is not a difference in the
such conditions as archipolitic.
political mission. The second, moral moralism
followers confirm the assumption of moral Archipolitics, whose model is supplied by Plato,
excellence and ontologism of similarity over reveals in all its radicality the project of a
differences, so that the logic of equations community based on the complete realization
is more suitable than the logic of difference of the arkhe of community, on its integral
sensibilization, replacing without any leftover
(Perekh, 2011: 35). This concern is more the democratic configuration of politics.
appropriate when PKS prefers to offer their (Ranciere, 1999:66)
support for other candidates such as Yusril,
Adhyaksa or Sandiaga Uno as candidates who Archipolitics easily eliminates the
can get more attention because of the closer ‘political’ possibility of not being present.
classification of religion, such as religion, This concept is based on Ranciere’s reading
race, and morality or more precise way of of Plato’s manuscript in his book The Republic
communication (2007) in which he idealized the hierarchy of
concepts in society where the artist occupies
Moral monism attaches to the body the lowest space so that it is impossible for
and the consciousness of politicians so him to come to the surface together. This
unimaginable, many politicians are more is because of the concept of arche, which
‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 33DIYA SRI WIDIYANTI, Multicultural Politics In Governor Candidates Of Dki Jakarta 2017 In Tempo.co
does not see equality because there is an The emergence of a variety of different
ideal shape. This is similar to the concept educational backgrounds shows that there is
of indigenous and non-indigenous, when good acceptance of differences. Ahok who
the indigenous hierarchy is superior to non- is also able to occupy the governor’s seat
indigenous then what happens is an absence and become the number one man in Jakarta
of democratic space. Strangely, in addition now proves the emergence of acceptance.
to the destruction of ‘political’, this rises the However, this cannot be a reference of
police order, where the hierarchical structure success. If offered politically is clear, the
landed in mind debate on the existence of the view becomes
more important than the thing that has no
The police order extends well beyond its essence with political activity. This is clearly
specialized institutions and techniques, it is
equally important to say that nothing is political
illustrated by supporters of candidates who
in itself merely because power relationships can only make a fuss about background issues
are at work in it. For a thing to be political, it and political experience rather than on the
must give rise to a meeting of police logic and significant offers that characterize prospective
egalitarian logic that is never set up in advance
(Ranciere, 1999:32)
candidates. Tempo.co’s March, April, and
May 2016 editions of 10 articles prove an
Here, Rancier finally opens the chance unhealthy debate and even lead to rioting
that there are events that allow ‘the political’ when a supporter declares that Jakarta does
to emerge when ‘police logic’ and ‘egalitarian not need a musician (read: Ahmad Dhani) as a
logic’ meet. This means that moral monism leader who must have angered his supporters.
admitted there was a difference, but did not Not to mention Dhani is also famous as a
want to greet each other. candidate who likes to use the primordial issue
The Emerging Burden of Multicultural as a tool to attack Ahok with words such as
rulers and ancestors. This variety of events
Politics in Indonesia
makes it difficult to determine collectively
Politics is the art of warped deductions and the views of every leader. However, there is
mixed identities. It is the art of the local and
singular construction of cases of universality. a certainty that any distinction attempts to
Such construction is only possible as long as accommodate is still concerned with common
the singularity of the wrong - the singularity good. This is then always in the minds of
of the local argument and expression of law leaders who show the best goodness and
- is ... separate from the naked relationship
between humanity and inhumanity (Ranciere, always demand representation, consensus,
1999:139) and other things that seek to see a form of
domination fully.
Ranciere’s remark is similar, that is,
the politics must ultimately see humanity Then how to look at the offer to get out
and non-humanity. The political situation of this enemy experience? This political event
is a situation where mutual deductions and became the moment of birth of the subject of
identities become mutually greeted in their migrant. The subject of migrants by Ranciere
universal space. It was only at this stage that is a very dreaded subject because it can move
the determination of the vision of the political on the border
mission became more ‘healthy’ and found
the relevance of its argumentative ideas. Not Perhaps the truly dangerous classes are
surprisingly, even though Indonesia has been not so much the uncivilised ones thought to
undermine society from below, but rather the
recognized as a democracy, as a continuation
migrants who move at the borders between
of archipolitics, it can sometimes only emerge classes, individuals and groups who develop
a more advanced level, which is usually capabilities within themselves which are
called parapolitics because sometimes the useless for the improvement of their material
differences have been given to speak out but lives and which in fact are liable to make
it is quite possible to leave other problems. them despise material concern (Reid in
Ranciere, 1989:xxix)
The problem for parapolitics will be to reconcile
the two concepts of nature and their opposing On the other words, the migrant region
logics: the one in which the greatest good is is the area where the subject moves on the
the rule of the best and the other, in which the border. In short, subject of migrants does not
greatest good in terms of equality is equality.
want absolute change, but the crossing of the
Whatever we may say about the Ancients and
their city of common good, Aristotle effects social hierarchy so that it does not become
a decisive break within this common good, static. This happens not because individuals
thereby initiating a new brand of”political or groups are able to transcend their material
philosophy. (Ranciere, 1999:71)
boundaries. This explains why other political
34 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 1st (June, 2017), pp. 29-36
elites hate Ahok, since Ahok does not demand some parties that had become a specific
political equality on himself as a Chinese legitimacy to advance to the stock market,
citizen, nor a constitutional change. However, actually hunt Ahok to join and sometimes just
Ahok is able to go beyond the limitations of invite polemic in the party body. As was the
his social hierarchy by becoming a politician case with the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
while still ensuring his identity as a Chinese (PPP), which experienced internal turmoil
citizen. In addition, Ahok also did not reject when many of its cadres refused to take Ahok.
the political party system because he still
In this occasion, Ahok who does not
wants to join Hanura Party
care about Chinese ethnic and religion can
Ahok can be said to be radical because be called a dangerous subject or a subject of
he does not want absolute change in the migrants because he shook the sensibilities
social hierarchy, by demanding equality where inappropriate and inappropriate
of rights over Chinese issues and political distribution no longer applies to him.
issues when advancing independently. On the
opposite, it is because he is in a situation or Antagonism, Failures in Politics
‘migration’ position, the classes within their
borders, which has an ideal that goes beyond Where in the limits of every objectivity, are
shown - in the sense in which Wittgenstem
its material limitations. Precisely because of used to say that what cannot be said can be
that in this event, finally Ahok is considered shown ‘….. Strictly speaklng, antagonisms are
dangerous. not internal but external society; or rather, they
constitute the limit, the latter’s impossibility
This position shakes the sensibility, of fully constituting itself (Laclau and Moffe,
or the distribution of the sensible, as called 1985:125)
by Ranciere. Easily, the distribution of the
According to Laclau and Mouffe,
sensible can be interpreted in the law of
Antagonism is an event in which the objective
propriety and decency,
boundaries of society are shown. Indonesia
Partage du sensibleis the system of self-evident
that supposedly upholds diversity turned
facts of sense perception that simultaneously out to be a practice of diversity and ethnic
discloses the existence of something in common classification has failed in the practice of
and the delimitations that define the respective statehood. Whereas if it is referred to in
parts and positions within it (Ranciere, 2004:
12)
the political aspect there is no offer from
Ahok that violates the practice of politics.
It is the proper and inappropriate law Nevertheless, that does not mean that Ahok
that creates a police consciousness in which becomes completely different from other
the law of power sharing, classification, and political opponents because they have the
rule are used as benchmarks. In this context, same goals, uphold the democracy and
it can be seen in the case of Ahok who is what is the particular political offer of each
ethnically declared unlawful to be a ruler as candidate. In this occasion, Ahok who does
Ahmad Dhani said. On the other hand, Ahok not care about Chinese ethnic and religion
is also attacked in religious cases where can be called a dangerous subject or migrant
majority views cannot accept Ahok as a leader subject because he shakes the sensibilities
with so many attacks through Quranic verses where inappropriate and inappropriate
especially An-Nisa, which meaningfully reject distribution no longer applies to him.
non-Muslim leaders. In such a minor area,
Ahok is not in a position to address issues In a political understanding, Laclau-
of SARA, but rather intends to engage in Mouffe envisioned political imaginary, or
productive political work. political ideas that would later be built into
the political practice in an arena of democratic
This propriety and disobedience revolution (Laclau and Mouffe 1985: 176-
distribution are ultimately shaken by Ahok, 177). Thus, there is clarity of political
as he is not busy to take affirmative action, subject and not social positivity management
petition minority law, or ask for quotas, and (Laclau and Mouffe, 1985: 190). Why this
even representations such as the multicultural should be distinguished, because the latter
politics Kymlicka offers. Nevertheless, his demands consensus while the first dissensus.
presence precisely seized a lot of sympathy Consensus tends to silence differences and
with a form of real performance and able to while dissensus demands disclosure through
establish itself to advance with an independent the subject of language politics. This also led
path. This form of attitude makes the issue of to a radical political tradition in democracy,
deparpolitization increasingly strong. It makes which is able to accommodate the silenced
‘Terakreditasi’ SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, berlaku 18-02-2014 s.d 18-02-2019 35DIYA SRI WIDIYANTI, Multicultural Politics In Governor Candidates Of Dki Jakarta 2017 In Tempo.co
voices of presenting rivals and not the of SARA should not be exist, especially with
dominant logic of major matters. the status of a multicultural country. Politics
and multicultural discourse will find the logic
of the equation is the dissensus and not the
Epilogue, Becoming a Difference consensus that is the difference.
Border
Multicultural view of heterophobia still
References
encounters the minds of state politicians. The
attitude to launch racial issues is evidence Hidayat, A. (2016). Ribuan Netizen Teken
that monism still prevails in society. Ahok Petisi Pecat Dubes Yusron Ihza Mahendra.
who is attacked through the issue of SARA is Melalui https://nasional.tempo.co/read/
nothing but the loss of political imaginary from news/2016/04/03/078759326/ribuan-
the mind of every politician so that politically netizen-teken-petisi-pecat-dubes-yusron-
does not come up with an enlightening ihza-mahendra (diakses pada tanggal
idea. Ahok also considered dangerous not 06/03/2017)
because he has a political imaginary but still Kymlicka, W. (2011). Kewargaan Multikultural.
struggling on the same thing that is social LP3S, Jakarta
positivity management similar to other Laclau, E and Moffee, C. (1985). Hegemony
political opponents. This means that there is and Socialist Strategy. Towards A Radical
no distinctive offer in any candidate because Democratic Politics. London, New York ,
the form of attack is only done through Verso
an attack that touches the area of failed Mouffe, C. (2005). On the Political. Routledge:
management, procedures, and everythi n g London
that is administrative. Parekh, B. (2008). Rethinking Multiculturalism.
Kanisius, Jogjakarta
Ahok becomes dangerous not because
Plato. (2007). The Republic. ePenguin
he is a prominent figure or thinker in the
Rachmiatie, A., Hasbiansyah.,Ema Khotimah
political area. Rather, his attention in popular
Dan Dadi Ahmadi. Strategi Komunikasi
legitimacy can be called as the subject of
Politik Dan Budaya Transparansi Partai
migrants who can seize millions of people’s
Politik.Mimbar. Vol. 29, No. 2
hearts to carry it independently. Even though
Ranciere, J. (1989). The Night’s of The Labour,
Ahok himself fully aware if later to join one
The Workers Dreams in Nineteenth-
political party that is Hanura, his condition
Century France. Temple University Press.
that can move freely on the border of China
Philadelphia
and Non-Islam but able to win the people’s
Ranciere, J. (2004). The Politics Of Aesthetics:
heart is called cultural crossing. No wonder
The Distribution of the Sensible.
that it is finally alluded the issue of SARA, not
Bloomsbury Academic, London
the political issue.
Ranciere, J.(1999). Dis-Agreement. University
of Minnesota Press: London
Riana, F. (2016a). Dhani: Heru Perkenalkan
Conclusions
Jokowi dan Ahok kepada ‘Penguasa’.
The concept of the majority and melalui https://metro.tempo.co/read/
minority groups as well as the indigenous and news/2016/03/22/083755783/dhani-
non-indigenous people inherent in the minds heru-perkenalkan-jokowi-dan-ahok-
of society incurs unfairness for a multicultural kepada-penguasa (diakses pada tanggal
country. Communities cannot fully select a 07/03/2017)
leader born from their minority group. The Riana, F. (2016b). Fasih Berbahasa Cina,
unpreparedness of accepting the leader of the Yusril Yakin Bisa Kalahkan Ahok.
minority is reflected in the attitude to launch Melaluihttps://metro.tempo.co/read/
racial issues. Critics attack Ahok through the news/2016/03/25/231756875/fasih-
issue of SARA by dropping his reputation b e r b a h a s a - c i n a -y u s r i l -ya k i n - b i s a -
through ethnic minorities and deposing him kalahkan-ahok (diakses pada tanggal
through religious postulates. As an offer, 04/03/2017)
democratic-plural-radical politics should be Saukko, P (2003). Doing Research in Cultural
able to eliminate heterophobia in politics, as Studies.Sage Publications. London
it should happen in the country of this state of
Bineka Tunggal. In the concept of democratic
political-plural-radical heterophobia, the issue
36 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499You can also read
