ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE MIDMAR CRUSHERS (PTY) LTD DOLERITE QUARRY SITE, UMNGENI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, KWAZULU...
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE MIDMAR
CRUSHERS (PTY) LTD DOLERITE QUARRY SITE,
UMNGENI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, KWAZULU-
NATAL
March 2020
DMR Ref: KZN30/5/1/2/2/188MR
Prepared by:
TERRATEST (PTY) LTD
PO Box 794
Hilton, 3245
Telephone: (033) 343 6789
Contact: Ms L. Dralle
Email: drallel@terratest.co.za
EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
VERIFICATION PAGE
TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE MIDMAR CRUSHERS (PTY) LTD DOLERITE QUARRY SITE,
UMNGENI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, KWAZULU-NATAL
PROJECT NO.: DATE: REPORT STATUS:
41717 12/03/2020 Final
CARRIED OUT BY: COMMISSIONED BY:
Terratest (Pty) Ltd Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd
Pietermaritzburg
PO Box 794 PO Box 422
Hilton Merrivale
3245 3291
Tel: (033) 343 6789 Tel: (033) 330 3646
Email: drallel@terratest.co.za Email: derryn@midmargroup.co.za
AUTHORS: CLIENT CONTACT PERSON:
L. Dralle D. Fourie
SYNOPSIS:
Environmental Management Programme for the proposed expansion of the Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd
dolerite quarry site, uMngeni Local Municipality.
KEY WORDS:
EIA Regulations (2014, as amended), dolerite, expansion, extension, Mining Right, Environmental
Authorisation, Environmental Management Programme, GNR 982.
© Copyright Terratest (Pty) Ltd
QUALITY VERIFICATION
This report has been prepared under the controls established by a quality management system
that meets the requirements of ISO9001: 2008 which has been independently certified by
DEKRA Certification under certificate number 90906882.
VERIFICATION CAPACITY NAME SIGNATURE DATE
By Author Snr Environmental
L. Dralle 12/03/2020
Scientist
Checked by 12/03/2020
Executive Associate M. van Rooyen
Authorised by 12/03/2020
Executive Associate M. van Rooyen
File name: W:\Enviro\TT\41717 - Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd\001 - Expansion BAR\1. PROJECT\7. Reports\Addendum Report
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 THE POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE ..................................................................................... 4
1.2 PROGRESSIVE REHABILITATION ...................................................................................... 4
2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRACTITIONER ................................................................... 4
3. ACTIVITY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 4
3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................... 8
3.2 SPECIFIC SPECIALIST REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Biodiversity and Wetland requirements .................................................................................... 13
3.2.2 Heritage requirements ............................................................................................................... 14
3.2.3 Noise requirements ................................................................................................................... 16
3.3 APPLICABILITY OF EIA REGULATIONS (2014, AS AMENDED) ..................................... 16
4. IMPACT MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES, ACTIONS AND OUTCOMES .................................... 18
5. MONITORING ............................................................................................................................... 30
5.1 METHOD AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING................................................................ 30
5.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 DMR .......................................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.2 APPLICANT: MIDMAR CRUSHERS ........................................................................................ 30
5.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OFFICER ................................................................................ 30
5.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER ................................................................................................ 30
5.2.5 CONTRACTOR ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.6 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 31
5.3 METHOD STATEMENTS ..................................................................................................... 31
5.3.1 REQUIRED METHOD STATEMENTS (MS) ............................................................................ 32
6. NON-COMPLIANCES .................................................................................................................. 32
6.1 INDICATIVE LIST OF TRANSGRESSIONS ........................................................................ 33
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS TRAINING .................................................................... 33
TABLES
TABLE 2-1: Details of EAP .............................................................................................................................4
TABLE 3-1: Site details ...................................................................................................................................8
TABLE 3-2: Site co-ordinates ..........................................................................................................................8
TABLE 3-3: Identified heritage features ....................................................................................................... 14
TABLE 4-1: Construction, Operational and Rehabilitation Management Objectives, actions and outcomes
...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
FIGURES
FIGURE 3-1: Locality Map ...............................................................................................................................5
FIGURE 3-2: Mining Layout Co-ordinates .......................................................................................................6
FIGURE 3-3: Layout Plan ................................................................................................................................7
FIGURE 3-4: Low-level bridge (causeway) design ....................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 3-5: No-go areas ............................................................................................................................ 15
FIGURE 5-1: Organisational structure .......................................................................................................... 31
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: CURRICULUM VITAE .......................................................................................................... 34
APPENDIX 2: NOISE IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 35
APPENDIX 3: SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN .............................................................................................. 36
APPENDIX 4: ALIEN PLANT CONTROL .................................................................................................... 37
APPENDIX 5: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................................... 38
APPENDIX 6: EMPR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM ................................................................................ 39
APPENDIX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS PROGRAMME ............................................................. 40
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME:
PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE MIDMAR CRUSHERS (PTY) LTD DOLERITE
QUARRY SITE, UMNGENI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, KWAZULU-NATAL
1. INTRODUCTION
Terratest (Pty) Ltd has been appointed by Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd to undertake the environmental services
required for the proposed amendment of the Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd Mining Right, uMngeni Local
Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal. The amendment is in terms of Section 102 of the Mineral and Petroleum
Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002), as amended and the Environmental Impact Assessment
Regulations (2014), as amended. The existing Mining Right1 which Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd holds is for
dolerite and the proposed amendment of the Mining Right includes for the extension of the Mining Right Area
and development of an additional dolerite quarry pit within the extended Mining Right Area. The proposed
development requires Environmental Authorisation from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) prior
to construction commencing.
The amendment proposal includes for the westward extension of the existing Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd
Mining Right Area. The extension of the current Mining Right Area will be limited to approximately 19.4ha
and will include for the construction of a new access road, dolerite quarry pit, stockpiles, ablution facilities
and site offices. Post construction, two operational dolerite quarries will be available for Midmar Crushers
(Pty) Ltd to utilise (i.e. the existing quarry located in the current Mining Right Area and the proposed new
quarry in the extension area) until such time as the existing quarry pit is rehabilitated. However, in order to
limit the cumulative impacts of operation, only one quarry will be utilised at any one time. As a result, blasting
and associated quarrying activities will only occur within one quarry pit at a time and not simultaneously.
This EMPr has been compiled in accordance to Government Notice (GNR) 982, Appendix 4 of the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (2014, as amended). In this regard, the EMPr provides
mitigation measures for impacts identified in the Basic Assessment (BA) Report by defining the relevant
objectives, outcomes and actions.
In accordance with the Integrated Environmental Management Guidelines published by the Department of
Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT) in 1992, the purpose of an EMPr is “to describe how negative
environmental impacts will be managed, rehabilitated or monitored and how positive impacts will be
maximised”.
Section 28 of NEMA (National Environmental Management Act, Act 107 of 1998) which pertains to “Duty of
care and remediation of Environmental Damage” states that: "(1) Every person who causes, has caused or
may cause significant pollution or degradation of the environment, must take reasonable measures to prevent
such pollution or degradation from occurring, continuing or recurring, or, in so far as such harm to the
environment is authorised by law or cannot be reasonably avoided or stopped, to minimise and rectify such
pollution or degradation of the environment."
This EMPr must therefore form an integral part of the contract documents between Midmar Crushers (Pty)
Ltd and the appointed contractor/s during the construction and operational phases of the development. This
document outlines the methodology and duties required, such that construction, operation and rehabilitation
can be achieved in an environmentally sustainable manner; with particular reference to the prevention and
1
DMR ref KZN30/5/1/2/2/188 MR.
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
mitigation of environmental impacts caused by activities associated with the project. Such mitigation
measures will have a financial impact on the projects costings.
This EMPr is a dynamic document that may need to evolve during its implementation period, such that it
recognises any new issues that may arise; or changes in the parameters of identified issues which can be
addressed with required / amended mitigation.
Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd and its contractors are formally notified and are therefore required to take
cognisance of the following principles throughout construction, operation and rehabilitation:
1.1 THE POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE
This principle provides for “the costs of remedying pollution, environmental degradation and consequent
adverse health effects and of preventing, controlling or minimizing further pollution, environmental damage
or adverse health effects must be paid for by those responsible for harming the environment.” The Polluter
Pays Principle must be rigorously applied throughout the construction and operational phases of this project.
1.2 PROGRESSIVE REHABILITATION
Progressive rehabilitation must be undertaken throughout the various phases of the project where areas
have been impacted. Rehabilitation should commence as soon as activities have been completed in specific
areas and not at the end of the entire project.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRACTITIONER
The EMPr was prepared by Terratest (Pty) Ltd. The details of the representative Environmental Assessment
Practitioners (EAPs) who prepared the report are detailed in Table 2-1. Further, Curriculum Vitae of the
detailed EAPs are provided in Appendix 1.
TABLE 2-1: Details of EAP
COMPANY NAME: TERRATEST (PTY) LTD
Qualifications &
EAP Experience Contact details
professional affiliations
Mr M. van Rooyen MPhil (Environmental 14 years Terratest (Pty) Ltd
Executive Associate Management), Pr. Sci. Nat; Tel: (033) 343 6700
IAIAsa
Email: vanrooyenm@terratest.co.za
Ms L. Dralle BSc. Hons Environmental 12 years Terratest (Pty) Ltd
Senior Environmental Management; IAIAsa Tel: (033) 343 6700
Scientist Email: drallel@terratest.co.za
3. ACTIVITY INFORMATION
The site proposed for development is the Remainder of the Farm Lot 51 No. 1794. The site is located adjacent
to Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd’s current Mining Right Area, which is located on a Portion of the Remainder of
Portion 2 of the Farm Lot 50 2589 FT. The site is situated within Ward 9 of the uMngeni Local Municipality,
approximately 1km south of Mpophomeni and approximately 17km southwest of Howick. The R617, the main
road to Bulwer and Underberg from Pietermaritzburg, runs past the site to the West. Refer Figure 3-1 and Figure
3-2.
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Midmar Dam
R617
FIGURE 3-1: Locality Map
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
FIGURE 3-2: Mining Layout Co-ordinates
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
R617
Closest
residence
Stockpile area
FIGURE 3-3: Layout Plan
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Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
The 21-digit Surveyor General (SG) code for the site, as well as site coordinates and the relevant municipal
district are provided in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1: Site details
Farm Name Remainder of the Farm Lot 51 No. 1794
Landowner Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd
Application area (Ha) 19.4ha
Magisterial district Lions River
21-digit Surveyor General Code N0FT00000000179400000
Centre coordinates 29°34'42.21"S; 30°10'03.65"E
Table 3-2 contains the corner co-ordinates of the site, as well as watercourse crossing points on the Nguklu
River, in reference to Figure 3-2.
TABLE 3-2: Site co-ordinates
SITE / POSITION / OBJECT SOUTH CO-ORDINATES EAST CO-ORDINATES
Centre co-ordinates 29°34'42.22"S 30°10'03.65"E
Corner L 29°34'36.55" S 30°10'12.02"E
Corner F 29°34'52.62"S 30°10'09.12"E
Corner G 29°34'45.13"S 30°09'52.08"E
Corner H 29°34'39.62"S 30°09'53.98"E
Corner J 29°34'41.51"S 30°09'58.76"E
Corner K 29°34'30.75"S 30°10'02.19"E
Watercourse crossing 1 (Southern bridge) 29°34'50.99"S 30°10'08.72"E
Watercourse crossing 2 (Northern bridge) 29°34'36.64"S 30°10'08.86"E
3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Terratest (Pty) Ltd has been appointed by Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd to undertake the environmental services
required for the proposed amendment of the Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd Mining Right, uMngeni Local
Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal.
The amendment proposal includes for the westward extension of the existing Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd
Mining Right Area. The extension of the current Mining Right Area will be limited to approximately 19.4ha
and will include for the construction of a new access road, dolerite quarry pit, stockpiles, ablution facilities
and site offices.
The stages of development are detailed below:
A. PRE-CONSTRUCTION / PLANNING PHASE:
The Pre-construction / Planning Phase of the proposed extension will include for:
The demarcation and survey of the 19.4ha area of land which will be cleared and grubbed;
The surveying of the access road and two low-level bridge (causeway) crossings;
The identification and cordoning off of ‘no-go’ areas for the construction and operational phases; and
The planned layout of the operational area including for the location of stockpiles, overburden
material, topsoil, ablution area, office area, emergency assembly point and stormwater controls.
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EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
The Pre-Construction and Planning Phase will also entail the finalisation of the Mining Plan and the
methodology in which to undertake the mining activities.
B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE:
Construction Phase activities will include the following:
a) Clear and grubbing
All areas required for development will be cleared of vegetation and all topsoil removed and stockpiled
on site, as per the Layout Plan, for use during the rehabilitation phase. All topsoil stockpiles will be
surrounded by silt traps and/or berms to prevent run-off and siltation of watercourses (i.e. the Nguklu
River). Topsoil stockpiles shall be kept separate from overburden stockpiles and will not be used for
maintaining access roads.
b) Levelling and platforming
As the site is located on the side of a hill, a certain amount of levelling will be required prior to operation.
In this regard, blasting, cut, fill and compaction activities will need to be implemented in order to create
level platforms for the development of the quarry site and for the site camp. The overburden and topsoil
stockpiles will be stored on the platforms and will be surrounded by silt traps and/or berms to prevent
run-off and siltation of the nearby watercourse.
c) Access road
One new gravel access road from the existing quarry site, located to the east of the Nguklu River, will
need to be cut to allow for the construction of the proposed low-level bridges (causeways). On the
opposite side of the Nguklu River, on the southern corner of the proposed extension site, the road will
be extended up from the existing Mining Right Area to the new site camp and quarry area. The gravel
road will be 6m wide or less and will be approximately 790m long. An additional low-level bridge
(causeway) is proposed to be constructed approximately 400m downstream (i.e. north) of the first low-
level bridge. The gravel access road will tie into the second low-level bridge (causeway) to create a loop
which will accommodate one-way traffic only. The one-way traffic system will eradicate the need for
vehicle turning areas and will also increase road safety on the site.
d) Low-level bridge (causeway) construction:
Two low-level access bridges (causeways) will require construction across the Nguklu River. The low-
level access bridges will be 6m wide or less. The carrying capacity of both bridges will be 50 tons each
in order to allow for laden construction vehicles and operational vehicles to cross safely.
Construction will necessitate the temporary impedance of water in the river during construction as a
result of cofferdam2 construction. Conduits, such as pipes, will be placed in the watercourse during
construction to allow for the free flow of water through built infrastructure where necessary. The
causeway will be built to the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Department of Transport requirements for
construction on bedrock, as detailed in Figure 4-2.
Each access low-level bridge will allow for the single passage of one heavy construction vehicle or
operational vehicle at a time.
2 A watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit construction work below the waterline. Cofferdams are commonly used for
construction of bridge piers and other support structures built within water.
Page | 9Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
FIGURE 3-4: Low-level bridge (causeway) design
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C. OPERATIONAL PHASE
The operational phase of the quarry will involve:
Blasting of the hard rock (dolerite) in the quarry;
Utilising a rock breaker pecker where necessary to break blasted rock into further fragments for
sizing purposes; and
The loading of blasted dolerite onto tipper trucks and the transportation of loaded material along the
dedicated access road to the existing processing area on the eastern side of the Nguklu River. The
rock will be crushed and processed at the existing operational area (i.e. within the current Mining
Right Area).
The operational activities are described in further detail below:
a) Defined quarrying area
The quarry area will be clearly demarcated by beacons at its corners and along the boundaries to ensure
visibility. The beacons will be firmly erected and maintained in their correct position throughout the life
of the operation. This is likely to be conducted via the placement of large white painted boulders on the
periphery of the site. The proposed quarry area will be approximately 9.73ha in size, comprised of
approximately five benches with an average depth ranging between 9m and 15m.
b) Blasting
The existing Blasting Management Plan and principles utilised by Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd currently
at the existing site will be implemented for the new extension site, with prior approval from the DMR,
Quarry Operator and Owner. The Blasting Management Plan will make allocations for the undertaking
of the following pre-blasting activities:
Informing surrounding landowners and communities that may be impacted by the blasting of the timing
and procedures of any blasting event;
Inspection and photographic recording of all structural damage to any structures (buildings, roads etc.)
within a radius of 500m of the blasting site, by an independent assessor, before any blasting is to take
place;
Making allocations for the use of nitrate-free explosives where-ever possible (i.e. methods such as
drilling and black powder, expanding mortar or old fashioned “plugs and feathers”); and
The use of noise mufflers and/or soft explosives during blasting.
The Blasting Management Plan will include early warning specifications prior to blasting taking place
informing surrounding residents of the intended blast. This will take the form of a siren that will sound
15 minutes before blasting that will be audible up to a radius of 1km from the site. During blasting events,
if deemed necessary through an internal risk assessment, traffic signs will be utilised on the Main Road
R617 advising motorists of scheduled blasting dates and times. In addition, traffic points men will be
employed to temporarily stop vehicles travelling past the site.
The Blasting Management Plan will include suitably approved noise and dust prevention measures, as
well as approved measures to contain and limit the occurrence of fly rock during blasting. Further, the
Blasting Management Plan will include the post-blasting monitoring of all structures identified to be of
risk and recorded prior to the blasting activity. Any damage resulting from vibrations caused by blasting
will be recorded and corrected by suitable measures in agreement with the owners of these structures.
Upon implementation of mitigation measures to the structures, a photographic record will again be taken
Page | 11EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
of these structures. This assessing process and recording will be completed by an independent
assessor.
Any damage caused by possible fly rock will be recorded and addressed in a manner agreed to by the
owner of the damaged structures. Upon completion of these mitigation measures, the affected structures
will again be recorded photographically.
c) Benching
Depending on the bench configurations adopted and assuming average depths of exploitation ranging
between 9m and 15m, a conservative estimate would yield between 1 and 2 million m3 of commercially
crushable dolerite rock. A preliminary plan is provided in Section 7.
d) Site camp and operational areas
All areas required for operational activities will be cleared and grubbed as detailed previously. A detailed
layout plan will be drafted detailing storage areas for stockpiles, laydown areas, as well as the office,
ablution and eating areas.
e) Crushing
Blasted dolerite will be collected onsite via tipper trucks and transported back to the current Midmar
Crushers (Pty) Ltd site via the dedicated access road and low-level bridges. All crushing activities will
occur at the existing, authorised Midmar Crushers (Pty) Ltd site (ref: KZN30/5/1/2/2/188 MR) between
6am and 6pm. No crushing activities will occur at the extension area.
f) Stormwater
All stormwater from operational areas will be channelled into the operational dolerite pit on the extension
site. This will be implemented via the construction and maintenance of diversions berms around the
operational area. Berms will also be constructed on the downside gradient of the access road to prevent
run-off from entering the Nguklu River and to prevent sedimentation thereof. The stormwater collected
in the operational dolerite pit will be pumped into a bowser for use as a dust suppression mechanism
on surrounding roads.
g) Air quality
Dust-buckets will be installed around the site to determine the impact of quarrying operations on air
quality. All results will be recorded monthly in the Environmental File. Dust suppression mechanisms
will be implemented on all access roads and all necessary areas within the pit. This will either be
conducted via the spraying of water as collected in the quarry pit, or via chemical means.
D. DECOMMISSIONING / REHABILITATION PHASE
The decommissioning of the quarry will occur once the available resource (i.e. dolerite) has been quarried.
All infrastructure will be demolished and moved off site. The overburden stockpile will be disposed of in the
quarry pit and the benches sloped to allow for a gentler gradient. All compacted areas, including the access
roads, laydown areas and platforms, will be ripped, topsoiled and seeded. The low-level bridges (causeways)
will be removed and the profile of the Nguklu River reinstated. All disturbance associated with the extension
area alongside the Nguklu River and within the riverine zone, will be rehabilitated.
The following best practice procedures will also be followed:
The excavated area (quarry pit) will serve as a final depositing area for the placement of overburden
material;
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Rocks and coarse material removed from the excavation will be dumped into the pit simultaneously with
the overburden;
Under no circumstances will waste be permitted to be deposited in the quarry pit;
Waste material of any description, including receptacles, scrap, rubble and tyres, will be removed
entirely from the quarry area and disposed of at a recognised landfill facility;
Waste will not be permitted to be buried or burned on the site;
Once excavations have been refilled with overburden, rocks and coarse natural materials and profiled
with acceptable contours and erosion control measures, the topsoil previously stored, will be returned
to its original depth over the area;
The area will be fertilised, if necessary, to allow vegetation to establish rapidly;
The site will be seeded with a local or adapted indigenous seed mix in order to propagate the locally or
regionally occurring flora; and
All infrastructure, equipment, plant and other items used during the quarrying period will be removed
from the site.
3.2 SPECIFIC SPECIALIST REQUIREMENTS
3.2.1 Biodiversity and Wetland requirements
A Biodiversity and Wetland Assessment was conducted by Terratest (Pty) Ltd with the following requirements
being presented:
LOSS OF VEGETATION
Mitigation measures must include the following actions:
No indigenous vegetation outside of the amended Mining Right Area footprint may be damaged.
The area between the new quarry boundary (i.e. extension site) and the stream must be maintained
as a buffer strip. This strip must have a minimum width of approximately 40m.
An alien plant eradication programme must be undertaken and sustained in the 40m river buffer
area. Key species to be targeted include Black Wattle, Lantana, Bugweed, Bramble, Syringa and
Castor-oil Plant.
The grassland areas must be managed for maximum biodiversity conservation. The first two actions
are relevant and a regime of veld burns on a biannual basis must be established. The woody
vegetation along the river must be protected by burning a five metre break along it’s margin each
year. This action will encourage a natural ecotonal plant community to develop.
While the above measures are intended to protect the remaining indigenous vegetation on the property,
they will not be able to reduce the intensity or the significance of the proposed quarrie’s impact. However,
they will prevent the secondary footprint of the operation from increasing.
LOSS OF FAUNA
Mitigation measures must include the following actions:
Shortly prior to the start of any construction on the site, a chameleon capture and translocation
operation must be undertaken. The animals captured must be translocated to a nearby site with
suitable habitat. This site could be in the indigenous vegetation alongside the tributary stream west
of the existing quarry.
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The mitigation suggested will not prevent the impact on larger animal species from taking place. However,
careful preservation of some natural vegetation will provide habitat for smaller species.
WETLANDS
No impacts on wetlands are anticipated.
NGUKLU RIVER
Prior to any work being conducted in the Nguklu River, the contractor must provide a method statement, wihc
must be approved by the engineer and an appropriate environmental specialist.
Mitigation measures put forward include the following actions:
The lower end of the new quarry area should be enclosed by an earthen berm which will catch and
contain dirty water and other materials from passing down the slope into the river.
All the area between the new quarry boundary and the stream should be maintained as a buffer strip.
This strip must have a minimum width of approximately 40m.
An alien plant eradication programme must be undertaken, and sustained, in the buffer area
including the strip of woody vegetation. Key species to be targeted include Black Wattle, Lantana,
Bugweed, Bramble, Syringa, and Castor-oil Plant.
Protect the woody vegetation from fire by burning a five metre break along its margin each year. This
action will encourage a natural ecotonal plant community to develop.
3.2.2 Heritage requirements
A Heritage Impact Assessment was undertaken by UMLANDO: Archaeological Surveys and Heritage
Management, the results of which identified the following heritage features noted in Table 3-2.
TABLE 3-3: Identified heritage features
NO. SITE SOUTH EAST
1 Potential house or grave 29°34'38.85"S 30° 9'57.16"E
2 Potential grave 29°34'38.68"S 30° 9'57.62"E
3 Potential grave 29°34'37.82"S 30° 9'56.43"E
4 Potential grave 29°34'38.78"S 30° 9'56.70"E
The specialist presented the following requirement:
A 50m no-go buffer must be implemented around the areas identified or an extensive process of
Public Participation is to be held as conducted in accordance to the National Heritage Resources Act
(Act No. 25 of 1999) and the KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Acts of 1997 and 2008.
As per the Layout Map, a 50m buffer has been implemented around the identified sites and as a result they
do not fall within the site.
Figure 3-4 highlights the no-go areas as identified by the Biodiversity and Wetland Specialist and Heritage
Specialist. It further identifies 100m buffers from the Main Road R617 and existing Eskom powerlines which
may not be encroached on (i.e. quarrying activities are not permitted in the buffer areas) unless permission
is granted by the servitude holder.
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FIGURE 3-5: No-go areas
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3.2.3 Noise requirements
A Noise Impact Assessment was undertaken by IMA Trader 20 cc, the results of which produced a Noise
Impact Management Plan, which is attached to this report as Appendix 2 and must be implemented.
3.3 APPLICABILITY OF EIA REGULATIONS (2014, AS AMENDED)
In terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (2014, as amended), promulgated in
terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (NEMA), certain Listed Activities are specified
for which either a Basic Assessment (GNR 983 and GNR 985) or a full Scoping and EIA (GNR 984) is
required.
The following Listed Activities in Government Notice (GNR 983 (Listing Notice 1) and GNR 985 (Listing
Notice 3) requiring a Basic Assessment (BA) Process are applicable to the proposed Mining Right
amendment and associated development:
GNR 983, Activity 12: “The development of (ii) infrastructure or structures with a physical footprint
of 100 square metres or more where such development occurs a) within a watercourse b) in front of
the development setback; or c) if no development setback exists, within 32 metres of a watercourse,
measured from the edge of the watercourse, excluding (dd) where such development occurs within
an urban area; (ee) where such development occurs within existing roads, road reserves or railway
line reserves.”
The proposed development will necessitate the construction of an access road and associated
low-level bridges (No. two) over the Nguklu River. This will therefore require construction within
a watercourse, thereby triggering this Listed Activity.
GNR 983, Activity 19: “The infilling or depositing of any material of more than 10 cubic metres into,
or dredging, excavation, removal or moving of soil, sand, shells, shell grit, pebbles or rock or more
than 10 cubic metres from (i) a watercourse.”
The construction of an access road and associated low-level bridges (No. two) over the Nguklu
River will result in the deposition and / or removal of more than 10m3 from the watercourse,
thereby triggering this Listed Activity.
GNR 983, Activity 27: “The clearance of an area of 1 hectare or more, but less than 20 hectares of
indigenous vegetation”.
Construction activities will require the clearance of more than 1 hectare of indigenous vegetation
on site, but less than 20 hectares. Therefore, this Listed Activity is triggered.
GNR 985, Activity 4: “The development of a road wider than 4 metres with a reserve less than 13,5
metres in (d) KwaZulu-Natal (xii) outside urban areas (aa) areas within 10 kilometres from national
parks or world heritage sites or 5 kilometres from any terrestrial protected area identified in terms of
NEMPAA or from the core areas of a biosphere reserve”.
The site falls within 5km of the Midmar Nature Reserve, a protected area, and construction of
the proposed access roads will be wider than 4 metres. This Listed Activity is therefore triggered.
GNR 985, Activity 14: “The development of (ii) infrastructure or structures with a physical footprint
of 10 square metres or more in (d) KwaZulu-Natal (x) Outside urban areas (aa) Areas within 10
kilometres from national parks or world heritage sites or 5 kilometres from any terrestrial protected
area identified in terms of NEMPAA or from the core area of a biosphere reserve.”
Page | 16EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
The construction of an access road and associated low-level bridges (No. two) across the
Nguklu River will have a physical footprint larger than 10m2, within 5km of the Midmar Nature
Reserve. Therefore, this Listed Activity is triggered.
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4. IMPACT MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES, ACTIONS AND OUTCOMES
GNR 982, Appendix 4 of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (2014, as amended), notes that the identified impacts of development are to be presented
with the management actions and outcomes. Table 4-1 presents the required information, together with the responsible person and the frequency to which the management
objectives must be monitored during the construction, operational and rehabilitation phases. In this regard, the appropriate Contractor, a designated on-site Environmental
Manager (EM), an independent Environmental Control Officer (ECO) and the Employer are the custodians of this EMPr.
TABLE 4-1: Construction, Operational and Rehabilitation Management Objectives, actions and outcomes
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Hazardous materials must be stored in a clearly marked, lockable, designated Avoidance of soil loss via Implementation: Implementation:
storage area; contamination. Contractor Continuous
Hazardous material must be stored within a 110% bunded area; Re-use of viable soils in Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc,
Drip trays must be readily available on site; rehabilitation. ECO at least weekly at a
Drip trays must be used during decanting of hazardous substances; Avoidance of disposal of Verification: ECO minimum
Stockpiles must be protected from sources of contamination i.e. oil, diesel, petrol, hazardous waste. Verification: Bi-
cement, waste water. monthly
Absorbent sand must be spread on oil spills and the contaminated soil and sand
removed and placed in high-density plastic bag for disposal at a recognised
disposal site;
Prevent soil All disturbed areas must be rehabilitated;
contamination An Incident Report must be completed for spills;
Major spills must be reported to the Department of Water and Sanitation and the
Department of Mineral Resources;
Ablution facilities are to be cleaned / emptied on a regular basis by a registered
service provider; and
Implement the Spill Contingency Plan as detailed in Appendix 3.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Drip trays must be readily available on site; Avoidance of soil contamination; Implementation: Implementation:
Suitable sanitation facilities must be provided; and Employer Continuous
Implementation and maintenance of stormwater berms; Re-use of viable soils in Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc,
Stockpiles must be protected from sources of contamination i.e. oil, diesel, petrol, rehabilitation. Verification: ECO at least weekly at a
cement, waste water; and minimum
An Incident Report must be completed for all spills. Verification: Monthly
Page | 18EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
REHABILITATION PHASE
All equipment, vehicles and materials to be removed from site; Soils conducive for the growth of Implementation: Implementation:
Ablution facilities to be removed from site; and vegetation and rehabilitation of Employer Continuous
Any contaminated soils to be removed and disposed of at recognised disposal site. the site. Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Soil erosion prevention measures must be implemented i.e. gabions, sand bags Re-use of soil in rehabilitation. Implementation: Implementation:
etc.; Prevent loss of topsoil or soils Contractor & Continuous
All areas impacted by earth-moving activities must be reinstated to ensure natural from the site during construction. Engineer Inspection:
flow of runoff and to prevent ponding; Inspection: EM and Ad hoc and weekly
Excavated soil must be retained, with topsoil and subsoil being stockpiled ECO as a minimum
separately; and Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
Stockpiles must be protected from wind and rain. monthly
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Implementation of stormwater management; Re-use of soil in rehabilitation. Implementation: Implementation:
Prevent soil loss Berms are to be installed around topsoil stockpiles to limit loss; Prevent loss of topsoil or soils Employer Continuous
Signs of soil erosion are to be attended to as soon as possible to prevent loss; and from the site during operation. Inspection: EM Inspection: Weekly
Care must be taken during operation, to ensure that serious land degradation does Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
not occur because of negligence of recommended mitigation measures as per the
Environmental Management Plan.
REHABILITATION PHASE
Utilise stockpiled subsoil and topsoil to reinstate disturbed areas; and Prevent soil loss. Implementation: Implementation:
All exposed earth must be rehabilitated with indigenous vegetation. Employer Continuous
Inspection: EM Inspection: Weekly
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction activities must be restricted to the development footprint area; Prevent introduction and spread Implementation: Implementation:
Workers must be limited to areas under construction; and of alien invasive species; Contractor Continuous
Preservation of Implementation of an Alien Plant Control Programme (attached as Appendix 4); Protection of species Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc
flora Bi-annual veld burns to be implemented; composition; and ECO Verification: Bi-
The 40m buffer zone must be checked for weeds especially those listed for removal Limit disturbance. Verification: ECO monthly
as undesirable alien species; and
Page | 19EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
An annual five-metre fire break must be burnt along the margin of the woody
vegetation.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Continued implementation of Alien Plant Control Programme; Prevent introduction and spread Implementation: Implementation:
The 40m buffer zone must be checked for weeds especially those listed for removal of alien invasive species; and Employer Continuous
as undesirable alien species; Limit disturbance. Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Bi-annual veld burns to be implemented; Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
An annual five-metre fire break must be burnt along the margin of the woody
vegetation.); and
Open areas to be vegetated and maintained with indigenous species;
The quarry operations must avoid any incursion into the riparian vegetation buffer
zone, as well as avoid silting of the Nguklu River which can consequentially affect
water supply and retention by Midmar Dam in the vicinity; and
It is the responsibility of the quarry operators to ensure adherence to the legislative
prescript that ensures that the development activities on project sites are compliant
in terms of Conversation of Agricultural Resources Act (Act 43 of 1983).
REHABILITATION PHASE
Landscaping, topsoil dressing, alien plant rehabilitation and vegetation Prevent introduction and spread Implementation: Implementation:
establishment required; of alien invasive species. Employer Continuous
Continued implementation of Alien Plant Control Programme; Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Reseed cleared areas with an indigenous seed mix to prevent soil erosion and Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
enable rehabilitation; and annual
Open areas to be vegetated and maintained with indigenous species.
The quarry must put proper decommissioning in place at the end of the useful life
of the project, in order to ensure appropriate land reclamation and rehabilitation of
future use.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Prior to construction, a chameleon capture and translocation operation must be Preservation of existing Implementation: Implementation:
undertaken; sensitive fauna. Contractor Continuous
Preservation of Hunting is prohibited; Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc
fauna ECO Verification: Bi-
No animal, reptile or bird of any description found on site may be killed;
Environmental training must be conducted by the responsible ECO to the Verification: ECO monthly
workforce; and
Page | 20EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
Excavations must be inspected regularly for trapped fauna.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Refer Construction Phase above. Preservation of existing Implementation: Implementation:
sensitive fauna. Employer Continuous
Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
REHABILITATION PHASE
Refer Construction Phase above. Preservation of existing Implementation: Implementation:
sensitive fauna. Employer Continuous
Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Implement stormwater / surface water management measures; and Decrease stormwater velocity; Implementation: Implementation:
Installation of energy dissipaters at surface water outflow points. Prevent scour; and Contractor and Continuous
Prevent watercourse turbidity. Engineer Inspection: Ad hoc,
Inspection: EM & weekly at a
ECO minimum
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
monthly
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Stormwater controls to be maintained; Decrease stormwater velocity; Implementation: Implementation:
Prevent increased Employer Continuous
Stormwater to be channelled into pit; Prevent scour; and
surface runoff
The lower end of the quarry must be enclosed by an earthen berm; and Prevent watercourse turbidity. Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Stormwater to be channelled into pit. Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
REHABILITATION PHASE
Watercourse banks must be planted with indigenous grasses; Decrease stormwater velocity; Implementation: Implementation:
Remove / rip all hardened surfaces; and Prevent scour; and Employer Continuous
Continued stormwater management. Prevent watercourse turbidity. Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
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Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
An appropriate number of chemical, portable toilets / ablutions (1 toilet for every 20 Prevent siltation of Implementation: Implementation:
workers) must be provided for labourers and located at least 100m away from any watercourses; and Contractor Continuous
water resource or outside of the 1:100 year floodline; Prevent contamination of Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc,
A Service Level Agreement from the relevant authority or contractor who will be watercourses. ECO weekly at a
transporting ablution waste must be sourced. The agreement must state where the Verification: ECO minimum
waste will be disposed to. The Applicant must make sure that disposal certificates Verification: Bi-
from the registered disposal facility are kept on site and provided as and when monthly
requested;
Any contaminated water must be contained in separate areas or receptacles and
must not be disposed of to any watercourse;
Silt control mechanisms must be installed around all soil excavations;
Dewatering is to occur through a silt trap or sock;
Implement the Spill Contingency Plan as detailed in Appendix 4; and
Implement and maintain stormwater controls on site;
The details of the appointed service provider to dispose of wastewater are to be
Prevent submitted to the DWS upon appointment, as well as a written agreement that
watercourse disposal can occur at the identified facility, including any Service Level Agreement
contamination specific to the transportation of waste (liquid or solid) removed from site for disposal.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Watercourses and wetlands must be protected from erosion and direct or indirect Prevent siltation of Implementation: Implementation:
spills of pollutants, e.g. sediment, sewage, cement, oils, fuels, chemicals, watercourses; and Employer Continuous
wastewater; Prevent contamination of Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Maintain stormwater controls; watercourses. Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
A 40m buffer must be implemented between quarry site and Nguklu River, which
must be kept free of weeds;
Stormwater to be channelled into pit;
The lower end of the quarry must be enclosed by an earthen berm; and
The details of the appointed service provider to dispose of wastewater are to be
submitted to the DWS upon appointment, as well as a written agreement that
disposal can occur at the identified facility, including any Service Level Agreement
specific to the transportation of waste (liquid or solid) removed from site for disposal.
Page | 22EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
REHABILITATION PHASE
Maintain stormwater controls; and Prevent siltation of Implementation: Implementation:
Remove all infrastructure and hardstanding structures from site. watercourses; and Employer Continuous
Prevent contamination of Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
watercourses. Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Surface water runoff management is required across the site; Prevent mobilisation of Implementation: Implementation:
Suitable sanitation facilities must be provided; contaminants; Contractor Continuous
Plant/machinery spills must be remediated immediately by appropriate removal of Prevent groundwater Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc
all impacted soils; contamination; and ECO Verification: Bi-
Refuelling of plant and machinery must be carried out in a controlled environment Reduce leachate to Verification: ECO monthly
All plant/machinery is to be serviced off-site; groundwater.
Chemical storage must be undercover and bunded; and
Implement the Spill Contingency Plan as detailed in Appendix 4.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Prevent Implementation: Implementation:
As per Construction Phase. Prevent mobilisation of
groundwater
contamination contaminants; Employer Continuous
Prevent groundwater Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
contamination; and Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
Reduce leachate to
groundwater.
REHABILITATION PHASE
Maintain stormwater controls; Prevent mobilisation of Implementation: Implementation:
Remove all spills and contaminated spills; and contaminants; Employer Continuous
Remove all infrastructure, plant/machinery, ablutions and hardstanding structures Prevent groundwater Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
from site. contamination; and Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
Reduce leachate to groundwater. annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Preserve air
Plant/machinery must be regularly serviced; Minimise exhaust fumes; Implementation: Implementation:
quality by
complying to Soil stockpiles must be located in areas to limit the erosive effects of wind; Reduce air quality impacts; Contractor & Continuous
ambient air quality Removal of vegetation only when soil stripping is required; Reduce on-site dust; and Engineer Inspection: Ad hoc
standards and Use of water or an appropriate environmentally friendly soil stabiliser to suppress Fugitive dust emissions below Inspection: EM and weekly as a
emission dust; ambient standards at Verification: ECO minimum
standards for dust
boundaries.
Page | 23EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
and VOC Equipment must be operated within its specifications and capacity and must not be Verification: Bi-
emissions. overloaded; monthly
Contractors’ vehicles must be fitted with effective exhaust silencers and must
comply with Road Traffic Act (Act 29 of 1989) when any such vehicle is operated
on a public road; and
Haulage distances must be at a minimum.
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Plant/machinery must be regularly serviced; No fugitive dust exceeding Implementation: Implementation:
Use of water or an appropriate environmentally friendly soil stabiliser to suppress SANS regulations or creating Employer and Continuous
dust; nuisance conditions; and Contractor Inspection: Ad hoc
Equipment must be operated within its specifications and capacity and must not be Fugitive dust emissions below Inspection: EM Verification: Monthly
overloaded; ambient standards at Verification: ECO
Haulage distances must be at a minimum; and boundaries
Maintain Eucalyptus tree screen between Main Road R617 and site.
REHABILITATION PHASE
Plant indigenous vegetation on disturbed areas; and Reduce air quality impacts. Implementation: Implementation:
Maintain Eucalyptus tree screen between Main Road R617 and site. Employer Continuous
Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Bi-
annual
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
All the Contractors’ equipment must be fitted with effective exhaust silencers and No ambient noise impacts Implementation: Implementation:
shall comply with the South African Bureau of Standards recommended code of relating to plant operations; Contractor Monthly or at the
practice and the South African National Standard (SANS) Code 0103:1983, for Compliance to municipal by- Inspection: EM & prescribed
construction plant noise generation; and laws; and ECO vehicle/plant
Normal crushing hours must be maintained i.e. 6am-6pm. Limited nuisance conditions Verification: ECO manufacturers
Prevent noise specifications
created.
pollution
Daily for
management
measures
Inspection: Ad hoc
and weekly as a
minimum
Page | 24EMPr: Midmar Crushers Expansion 41717
Impact
management Impact management outcomes
Impact management actions of an EMPr Monitoring
objectives of an of an EMPr
EMPr
A thing aimed at or The process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. The way a thing turns out; a Responsibility Frequency
sought, a goal consequence.
Verification: Bi-
monthly
OPERATIONAL PHASE
Normal crushing hours must be maintained i.e. 6am-6pm; Limit noise nuisance conditions. Implementation: Implementation:
Schedule blasting as per Blasting Plan; Employer and Continuous
Notification of neighbours/public as per Blasting Plan; and Contractor Inspection: Ad hoc
Maintain Eucalyptus tree screen between Main Road R617 and site; and Inspection: EM Verification: Monthly
Implement the Noise Impact Management Plan detailed in Appendix 2. Verification: ECO
REHABILITATION PHASE
N/A - - -
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Obstructive vehicle traffic scheduled outside of peak travelling time; The prevention of traffic Implementation: Implementation:
Heavy / large load traffic is routed to prohibit road collisions and traffic incidences; nuisance; and Contractor Daily and ad hoc
and Prevent accidents. Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc
All vehicle operators to be suitably licensed. ECO and weekly as a
Prevent Verification: ECO minimum
unnecessary Verification: Bi-
impedance of Monthly
traffic OPERATIONAL PHASE
Use of a one-way traffic system through operational area; and Prevent accidents. Implementation: Implementation:
All vehicle operators to be suitably licensed. Employer Ongoing
Inspection: EM Inspection: Ad hoc
Verification: ECO Verification: Monthly
REHABILITATION PHASE
N/A - - -
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
All solid waste must be placed in a designated waste collection area which is No environmental contamination Implementation: Implementation:
inaccessible to fauna; associated with waste. Contractor Daily and ad hoc
Prevent the spread Waste receptacles are to have lids; Prevention of waste being Inspection: EM & Inspection: Ad hoc
of waste Separation and recycling of different waste materials must be supported; buried, dumped or burned; ECO and weekly as a
All solid waste must be disposed of at the nearest licensed landfill and safe disposal Preventing the spread of waste; Verification: ECO minimum
certificates must be obtained; Compliance to waste Verification: Bi-
Storage of waste volumes must not exceed those stipulated in the National management regulations. monthly
Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No. 59 of 2008), Schedule 1;
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