ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION FOR HOT-DRAWN REINFORCING STEEL FOR CONCRETE IN BARS PRODUCED BY - EPDItaly
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
FOR HOT-DRAWN REINFORCING STEEL FOR
CONCRETE IN BARS PRODUCED BY
INDUSTRIE RIUNITE ODOLESI
I.R.O. S.p.A.
B ASED ON : PCR ICMQ-001/15, REV.0 DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO ISO 14025 AND EN 15804:2014
C ERTIFICATION N°: EPDITALY0007
E CO EPD REFERENCE : 00000596
D ATE OF I SSUE : 2016/04/12
UPDATE 1, 2017/03/31
V ALID UNTIL : 2021/04/12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
GENERAL INFORMATION
ECO EPD REFERENCES AND CONTACTS
EPD OWNER: Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A., via Brescia 12, 25076, Odolo (BS) – ITALY; manufacturing
plant is located in the same site
PROGRAM OPERATOR: EPDItaly, Via Gaetano De Castillia 10, 20124 Milano - ITALY
GENERAL INFORMATION
This declaration has been developed referring to the EPDItaly, following the General Programme Information; further
information and the document itself are available at: www.epditaly.it.
EPD document valid within the following geographical area: Italy and other countries according to sales market
conditions (North Africa and Europe).
CEN standard EN 15804 served as the core PCR
(PCR ICMQ-001/15 Construction products and construction service, rev. 0, 2015-12-10)
Independent verification of the EPD and its data, in accordance with ISO 14025 standards
EPD process certification (Internal) EPD verification (External)
Third party verifier: ICMQ SpA, via De Castillia, 10 20124 Milano
Accredited by: Accredia
Environmental declarations published within the same product category, though originating from different programs,
may not be comparable. In particular, EPDs of construction products may not be comparable if they do not comply with
EN 15804.
CONTACTS
Environmental Manager: ing. Andrea Tisi
Phone: +39 0365826089 Fax : +39 0365860564 E-mail: tisiandrea@iro-spa.it
Technical support to IRO (Industrie Riunite Odolesi) S.p.A. was provided by Life Cycle Engineering, Italy
(info@studiolce.it, www.lcengineering.eu)
Pagina 2 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
THE COMPANY
The company Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A. (in the following IRO) is located in Odolo (BS), in via Brescia 12. Since
1951, IRO has been producing steel billets in electric arc furnace route (EAF) and hot-rolled reinforcing steel for concrete,
coming from post and pre-consumer steel scraps.
The production is divided in two areas in which steel is produced in continuous cycle through melting, casting and hot-
rolling.
IRO is part of the controlled society "NOVA PIEMME SIDER S.r.l." that carry out “transformation centre” activities, as
defined by D.M. 30 of 14/01/08.
THE PRODUCT
Steel bars are produced using steel scrap in a mill that uses electric-arc furnace technology, followed by casting of steel
billets (squared diameter 120-130 and 140 mm and up to 9 m long) that feed rolling mill in real time. The plant turns
out rebar meeting various national and international specifications.
The rolling mill plant produces:
o hot-rolled reinforcing steel for concrete, diameter 8-40mm and up to 18m long, with care for features regarding
toughness and ductility, suitable properties for anti-seismic purposes
o hot-rolled reinforcing steel, CE marked, diameter 10-40mm, various length up to 18m for S355J0, S355JR,
S275J0, S275JR, S355J2, S355K2 and S355J0W types
All IRO production is monitored through continuous plant controls and periodic controls made by ministerial official
laboratories and competent bodies.
IRO is committed to ensure the best results in terms of technology, patents and quality certification and it has always
boasted optimal management of the relations between human resources and the surrounding environment.
IRO is also committed to research and development for reducing atmospheric emissions and limiting energy
consumption, adopting state-of-the-art technologies, quality certifications and system management UNI EN ISO 9001
(certificate number IGQ 9114, 1991/10/18) and UNI EN ISO 14001 (certificate number IGQ A2F11, 2005/12/15), certified
by IGQ – Istituto italiano di Garanzia della Qualità.
Pagina 3 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
SCOPE AND TYPE OF EPD
The approach used in this EPD is “Cradle to gate with options” one
TABLE OF MODULES
Table of modules contains the list of modules included or not included in the EPD1:
BENEFITS AND LOADS BEYOND THE SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS STAGE
END OF LIFE STAGE
PRODUCT STAGE
USE STAGE
Transport from the gate to the
De- construction demolition
Reuse-Recovery-Recycling
Operational energy use
Operational water use
Raw material supply
Waste processing
Refurbishment
Manufacturing
Maintenance
Replacement
Transport
Transport
Assembly
potential
Disposal
Repair
Use
site
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
X X X X MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND
1 X = module included; MND = module not declared; MNR = module not relevant
Pagina 4 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
Type of EPD: specific for steel products manufactured in Odolo plant
Main Database: Ecoinvent v 2.2
Applied LCA software: Simapro v 8.3.0.0
DETAILED PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Information Description
Product identification Hot-drawn reinforcing steel for concrete in bars.
Bars: Diameter from Ø 6 mm to Ø 40 mm
Product features
Length from 6 to 24 m
Steel coming from post and pre-consumer steel scraps produced in
electric arc furnace route (EAF) and further hot rolling process.
Adherence and surface geometry fR or fP :
- for 6 < Ø ≤ 12 mm fR or fP ≥ 0.040
- for Ø > 12 mm fR or fP ≥ 0.056
Weldability: Ceq 92%
- Alloy elements (e.g. manganese, silicon, carbon): 2% c.a.
- Other elements (e.g. copper, nickel, chromium): complementary to 100%
Pagina 5 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
LCA RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PER FUNCTIONAL OR DECLARED UNIT
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3 A4 TOTAL A1 – A4
GWP [kg CO2 eq] 493 77 173 53 796
ODP [kg CFC11 eq] < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
AP [kg SO2 eq] 0.58 0.21 0.07 0.16 1.02
EP [kg (PO4)3- eq] 0.23 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.36
POCP [kg ethene eq] 0.24 0.04 0.28 0.04 0.59
ADPE [kg Sb eq] < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
ADPF [MJ] 8 345 1 095 518 746 10 703
Caption
GWP = Global warming potential POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric
ODP = Depletion potential of the ozone photochemical oxidants
stratospheric ozone layer ADPE = Abiotic depletion potential for non-
AP = Acidification potential of land and water fossil resources
EP = Eutrophication potential ADPF = Abiotic depletion potential for fossil
resources
Pagina 6 di 12RESOURCE USE PER FUNCTIONAL OR DECLARED UNIT
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3 A4 TOTAL A1 – A4
PERE [MJ] 780 2 44 1 827
PERM [MJ] 0 0 0 0 0
PERT [MJ] 780 2 44 1 827
PENRE [MJ] 8 702 1 104 788 752 11 347
PENRM [MJ] 379 0 0 0 379
PENRT [MJ] 9 081 1 104 788 752 11 726
SM [kg] 1 191 0 0 0 1 191
RSF [MJ] 0 0 0 0 0
NRSF [MJ] 0 0 0 0 0
FW [m³] 2.1 0.1 2.3 0.1 4.5
Caption
PERE = Use of renewable primary energy PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary
excluding renewable primary energy energy resources used as raw materials
resources used as raw materials PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary
PERM = Use of renewable primary energy energy resources
resources used as raw materials SM = Use of secondary raw materials
PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels
resources NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels
PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary FW = Use of net fresh water
energy excluding non-renewable primary
energy resources used as raw materialsEPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
OUTPUT FLOWS AND WASTE CATEGORIES PER FUNCTIONAL OR DECLARED UNIT
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3 A4 TOTAL A1 – A4
HWD [kg] 0 0 22 0 22
NHWD [kg] 0 0 229 0 229
RWD [kg] 0 0 0 0 0
CRU [kg] 0 0 0 0 0
MFR [kg] 0 0 0 0 0
MER [kg] 0 0 0 0 0
EEE [MJ] 0 0 0 0 0
EET [MJ] 0 0 0 0 0
Caption
HWD = Hazardous waste disposed MFR = Materials for recycling
NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed MER = Materials for energy recovery
RWD = Radioactive waste disposed EEE = Exported electrical energy
CRU = Components for re-use EET = Exported thermal energy
Pagina 8 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
CALCULATION RULES
DECLARED OR FUNCTIONAL UNIT
According to EN:15804 and reference PCR, the declared unit is 1 ton of bars, ready to be delivered to the final customers
ASSUMPTIONS
All the phases related to raw materials production and use have been considered, from raw materials
purchasing from suppliers to their production and sale
In case of transports, all those related to scrap and raw materials supply, waste management (from IRO S.p.A.
plant to the place of disposal), internal handling and final product delivery, have been considered
Ancillary activities and auxiliary materials use (heating, lighting, etc.) are included within system boundaries
and allocated to the different production stages on mass basis (allocation based on output quantities coming
from pre-treatment stage, steel billets production and hot rolling process
According to the EN:15804 general prescriptions as well as PCR on construction products, no environmental
credits have been given to input scrap materials; only scrap pre-treatment process (necessary to make it
suitable for steel production purpose) has been considered
CUT OFF RULES
According to EN 15804, cut off limit is 1% for both mass and energy flows in the considered system
DATA QUALITY
Customized LCA questionnaires were used to gather in-depth information about all aspects of the production system
(for example, raw materials contents and specifications, pre-treatments, process efficiencies, air and water emissions,
waste management), in order to provide a complete picture of the environmental burden of the system from Raw
Materials supply (A1) to Transport (A2) and Manufacturing (A3)
SCENARIOS AND ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
Hot-drawn reinforcing steel for concrete in bars production system has been evaluated from raw materials extraction
and production, steel production and transport of semi-finished products and final products (Figure 1).
Use phase and end of life stages were not considered according to EN:15804 and PCR ICMQ-001/15, REV.0; in general,
the certified product has a proper unlimited life cycle and ineffectiveness during use phase is bound to all the
parameters that could influence concrete product durability of which steel is the core part.EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
Figure 1 - Broad scheme of hot-rolled reinforcing steel for concrete production, in which the main activities included in the system boundaries, are
listed and divided in the three subsystems: UPSTREAM Process, CORE Module and DOWNSTREAM Process.
Scrap supplying Air emissions
Transport from Post treatment
Raw materials supplying suppliers emissions
Internal Transport Waste
Steel billets
A2 - CORE PROCESS production A3 - CORE
A3 - CORE PROCESS PROCESS
Hot rolling
process
Scrap pre-treatment Packaging
Shearing
Shredding Internal handling Market transport
Sorting
Material and energy production Ancillary activities A4 -
DOWNSTREAM
A1 - UPSTREAM PROCESS PROCESS
The subsystems identified within hot-drawn reinforcing steel for concrete production are the following:
- Subsystem “scrap pre-treatment”: all the scrap materials is treated before being used in steel billets production
(upstream processes); scrap pre-treatments take place in external plants;
- Subsystem “hot-drawn reinforcing steel for concrete production”: it comprehends scrap and raw materials
transports from suppliers to IRO S.p.A. steel mill, steel billets production and hot rolling process to produce steel
bars, included plant ancillary activities and internal handling, air and water emissions, waste management and
transport to disposal plants (core process). The total amount of steel billets used in IRO S.p.A. plant is an internal
production;
- Subsystem “market transport” related to final product distribution from IRO S.p.A. plant to an average customer
or place of use (downstream process).
About the 50% of the final product is delivered to Italian sites (36% placed in the North, 10% in the Centre and 4%
in the South) and the remaining 50% to foreign countries especially Algeria, Switzerland, Slovenia and Croatia. The
means of transport are truck and freight ship. On average, a tons of steel bars (finished product) is transported for
355 km by lorry and 579 km by ship.
Pagina 10 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
OTHER OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
Content of recycled materials ≥99%
(Certificate IGQ n. C062 following ISO 14021)
Pagina 11 di 12EPD of Industrie Riunite Odolesi I.R.O. S.p.A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCT DECLARATION
REFERENCES
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for hot-drawn reinforcing steel for concrete in bars produced by I.R.O (Industrie
Riunite Odolesi) S.p.A. for EPD® purpose - 12/04/2016 FINAL report
UNI EN 15804: 2014 Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules
for the product category of construction products.
EPDITALY® General Programme Information (GPI) (version 2, 2016-04-11) available at:
http://www.epditaly.it/general-programme-information/
PCR ICMQ-001/15 (rev. 0) Construction products and construction service, emission date: 10/12/2015/12/10,
valid until: 2020/12/10; available at: http://www.epditaly.it/pcr/pcr-per-i-prodotti-da-costruzione
Reference energy mix, IEA (International Energy Agency) data (related to year 2013)
UNI EN 10080-2005 (Steel For The Reinforcement Of Concrete - Weldable)
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