Ethnolectal*features*in*children's* vernacular*in*urban*and*rural*German6 speaking*Switzerland
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Ethnolectal*features*in*children’s*
vernacular*in*urban*and*rural*German6
speaking*Switzerland:
An*exploratory*case*study*
Melanie*Röthlisberger
melanie.roethlisberger@es.uzh.ch
Laura*Rosseel
laura.rosseel@kuleuven.be
Urban*Language*Research,*163*November*2018*Graz
How$did$it$start
• Chani bleistift?-(‘Can*I*
pencil?’)
Corpus*Swiss>
German*
children’s*
speech?
11/02/18 Page*2
Previous)research)on)Swiss0German)dialects Focus)on)regional)variation: • dialectology,(e.g.,“Dialektsyntax des,Schweizerdeutschen”,– Glaser,and, colleagues) • dialectometric,approaches,(Scherrer,&,Stoeckle 2016,,Jeszensky et,al., 2017) • Wenkersätze 1930M2020,(Citizen,Science,,PI:,E.,Glaser) • ArchiMob corpus,(oral,histories,,e.g.,Samardžić et,al.,2016) Focus)on)specific)groups)of)speakers: • ethnolectal,Swiss,German,(e.g.,Tissot,et,al.,2011,,Schmid,2017) • Youth,language,(e.g.,Dürscheid &,Spitzmüller 2006,,Werlen et,al.,2010,, Galliker 2014) 11/02/18 Page,3
Previous)research)on)Swiss0German)dialects Focus)on)specific)registers: • WhatsApp/SMS,Corpus,(e.g.,Stark,et,al.,2009:2015) • linguistic,atlases,(SDS,,SADS),(e.g.,Glaser,&,Bart,2015) • NOAH,corpus,(e.g.,Hollenstein &,Aepli 2014), Data)acquisition: • surveys,(e.g.,SADS,,SDS) • apps,and,online,games,(e.g.,Dialäkt Äpp,,Gschmois,,see,Leemann et,al., 2015), • corpora:,ArchiMob,,SMS,messages,,NOAH,,Jugendsprache:Corpus,, PAZTeK 11/02/18 Page,4
Previous)research)on)Swiss0German)dialects →"Language"variation"and"change"in"language"of"Swiss6German"children?" • Corpus6based"(“sociolinguistic"interviews”) • Focus"on"youngest"speakers • experiments 11/02/18 Page"5
Aims%and%objectives
Broad%aims
=" investigate"variation"and"change"in"the"language"of"Swiss5German"
speaking"children
1. determine"the"linguistic"repertoire"that"children"employ"to"signal"their"
social"identity"both"within"and"outside"of"their"community
2. identify"language5internal"and"–external"parameters"that"determine"
the"acquisition"and"use"of"these"linguistic"features
3. explore"the"extent"to"which"children"aged"younger"than"12"make"use"
of"linguistic"features"commonly"associated"with"other"speech"groups"
(e.g."ethnolectal"features,"youth"linguistic"features)
11/02/18 Page"6
Today
• Focus'on'the'use'of'ethnolectal,features,
• the'spread'of'ethnolectal'features'to'the'youngest'dialect'speakers
• assess'the'factors'influencing'the'use'of'these'features
11/02/18 Page'7
Research(questions • RQ1:#What#is#the#inventory#of#ethnolectal#features#that#Swiss6German# speaking#children#aged#6612#make#use#of? • RQ2:#To#what#extent#do#factors#such#as#mobility,#language#contact,#age,# rural(vs.(urban(background,#gender,#etc.#play#a#role#in#the#use#of# ethnolectal#features? • RQ3:#What#is#the#social#meaning#attached#to#these#features#and#how#do# children#acquire#it? 11/02/18 Page#8
Collaborators Laura+Rosseel experimental+part+→+RQ+2+++3 Melanie+Röthlisberger data+collection+→+RQ+1++2 11/02/18 Page+9
Outline 1. Setting)the)stage 2. Ethnolectal)Swiss)German 3. Method)and)data)acquisition)(in)progress) 4. Some)results 5. Conclusion)&)next)steps 11/02/18 Page)10
Ethnolectal*Swiss*German • primary*ethnolect:#language/style#used#by#speakers#with#migrant# background#(intraindividual#variation)
Ethnolectal*Swiss*German
7*ethnolectal*features**(based*on*Auer*2002,*see*also*Tissot*et*al.*2011)
1. change)of)genus)of)nouns)(e.g.)neuter)instead)of)masculine)
2. incongruency)in)complex)nominal)phrases
3. omission)of)(definite))articles
4. omission)of)(locative))prepositions
5. omission)of)anaphoric)personal)pronouns)(e.g.)‘es’)
6. generalized)SVO)word)order
7. change)of)verb)valency)(e.g.)used)with)accusative)instead)of)dative,)or)
with)‘wo’)instead)of)‘wohin’)or)used)with)other)prepositions)than)what)is)
traditionally)the)case)
*)features)of)primary)ethnolect
11/02/18 Page)12Data$collection
• Survey:)collect)metadata)on)children’s)and)their)parents’)use)of)language
• Sociolinguistic)interviews:)dialogues
• At)the)moment:)
• recordings)of)one)class)of)Primary)school)children)aged)10>12)in)
Winterthur)(18)children))including)metadata
• metadata)(survey))of)26)children)aged)7>10)(scouts)
11/02/18 Page)13Data$collection By#Eric#Gaba#and#NordNordWest 3 CC#BY3SA#3.0,#https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8670093 11/02/18 Page#14
Winterthur:*Some*statistics
Why*Winterthur?
• access*to*primary*school*teachers
• urban*as*well*as*‘rural’*areas
• areas*with*high*migrant*population*(e.g.*Töss)*and*low*migrant*population*
(e.g.*Seen)
11/02/18 Page*1511/02/18 Page*16
Winterthur:*Some*statistics
Proportion*of*inhabitants*by*district*and*citizenship
Mattenbach
Wülflingen
Veltheim
Töss
Seen
Oberwinterthur
Stadt
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Switzerland Northern/Central/Western*Europe Southern*Europe
Southeastern*Europe Eastern*Europe Other*continents
11/02/18
Source:*Statistik Stadtentwicklung WinterthurQ*Einwohnerkontrolle NEST Page*1711/02/18 Page*18
Survey
Umfrage(zum(Sprachgebrauch(von(schweizerdeutsch8sprachigen(Kindern((Alter(6812(Jahre)(
Vielen&Dank,&dass&Sie&Ihr&Einverständnis&gegeben&haben,&dass&Ihr&Kind&an&dieser&Studie&teilnimmt.&Damit&wir&erkennen&können,&inwiefern&der&
• also+online+(QR+code)+via+ Sprachgebrauch&Ihres&Kindes&durch&das&Umfeld&zu&Hause,&in&der&Schule&und&unter&Freunden&beeinflusst&wird,&ist&es&wichtig,&dass&wir&mit&diesen&
Informationen&näher&vertraut&sind.&Deshalb&wären&wir&sehr&froh,&wenn&Sie&nachfolgende&Angaben&ausfüllen&könnten.&Sie&können&aber&auch&den&QR&
Code&scannen&und&die&Umfrage&online&ausfüllen.&
qualtrics (KU+Leuven) &
&
&
&
1.(Information(zum(Kind(
• Questions+on+ Name"(Vorname,"Nachname)"
"
• child:+name,+gender,+place+of+ Schule"und"Klasse"" "
living,+nationality,+mother+ Wohnort"
"
tongue,+number+and+age+of+ Geburtsdatum"
"
"
siblings Geschlecht"
"
Nationalität"
• family:+mother+tongue,+ Muttersprache"(z.B."Dialekt)" "
education,+job,+spoken+ Andere"Sprachen,"die"das"Kind"spricht"
"
languages "
Anzahl,"Geschlecht"und"Alter"von"Geschwistern""
• languages+spoken+at+home+
and+in+school 2.(Familiäres(Umfeld:(
( Muttersprache( Höchste(Ausbildung( Beruf( Andere(Sprachen(
• time+spent+on+media Erziehungsberechtige/r"1"
" " " "
"
• mobility Erziehungsberechtige/r"2"
" " " "
"
• contact+with+people+speaking+ Weitere"
erziehungsberechtige"
" " " "
other+languages Personen"(z.B."
Grossmutter)"
"
3.(Welche(Sprachen(werden(zu(Hause(gesprochen?"
(
(
11/02/18 ( Page+19Survey
Age f m Grand/Total
7"years 5 0 5
8"years 1 8 9
9"years 9 10 19
10"years 5 6 11
without"spoken"data Grand"Total 20 24 44 with"spoken"data
~"190"min
Age/ f m Age/ f m
7"years 5 0 7"years 0 0
8"years 0 8 8"years 1 0
9"years 4 7 9"years 5 3
10"years 1 2 10"years 4 4
11/02/18 Page"20Recordings
• Diapix task*(Van*Engel*et*al.*20106*Baker*&*Hazan 2011)
• ‘spot?the?difference’*game
• elicits*spontaneous*speech*interaction*between*two*participants
• participants*have*to*try*and*work*out*12*differences*between*their*and*
their*partner’s*picture*without*seeing*their*partner’s*picture.
• has*been*used*with*children*aged*8*and*older
(https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/speech?hearing?and?phonetic?sciences/shaps?research/diapix)
11/02/18 Page*21Results:(Diapix task
1. change)of)genus)of)nouns)(e.g.)neuter)instead)of)masculine)
2. incongruency)in)complex)nominal)phrases
3. omission)of)(definite))articles
4. omission)of)(locative))prepositions
5. omission)of)anaphoric)personal)pronouns)(e.g.)es)
6. generalized)SVO)word)order
7. change)of)verb)valency)(e.g.)used)with)accusative)instead)of)dative,)or)
with)wo instead)of)wohin or)used)with)other)prepositions)than)what)is)
traditionally)the)case)
11/02/18 Page)221.#Change#of#genus#of#nouns B:#het#irgendwie #gsehsch du#irgendwie3n3öpis uffälligs? A:#nei B:#het#dine#aau #so#orangi hoor?#so..? A:#jo##mmh B:#Ond de#Vorderrädli isches sehr es chlises? (‘And#the#wheel#at#the#front#is#it#very#small?’) A:#Jo neuter#→#masculine A:#Wie isch bi#dir bim Türe de#Strich? (‘How#is#the#line#at#door#on#yours?’) feminine#→#masculine 11/02/18 Page#23
3.#Omission#of#definite#articles A:#Uf welli Siite luegt dine?#(‘Which#way#is#yours#looking?’) B:#Mine##uf #ehm #shopsiite.#(’Mine#– to#– ehm – shop.’) A:#Isch bi#dir Häsli wiis?# (‘Is#rabbit#white#on#yours?’) 11/02/18 Page#24
Other&features
! use%of%German%words%instead%of%Swiss%German
! e.g.%gumpet de(Hase (‘jumps%the%rabbit?’)%instead%of%gumpet de(
Haas?%! final%schwa%is%pronounced
! omission%of%main%verbs
! e.g.%Het(das(en Rock(wo(rosarot und(gäll ⌀ instead%of%…rosarot ond
gäll isch (! meta!comment%by%parents)
Meta,discourse:
! Pragmatic%marker%=%Altä (’mate’):%used%for%both%male%and%female%friends
11/02/18 Page%25Which%ethnolectal%features%are%used?
! change'of'genus'of'nouns'(e.g.'neuter'instead'of'masculine)
! incongruency'in'complex'nominal'phrases
! omission'of'(definite)'articles
4. omission'of'(locative)'prepositions
5. omission'of'anaphoric'personal'pronouns'(e.g.'‘es’)
6. generalized'SVO'word'order
! change'of'verb'valency'(e.g.'used'with'accusative'instead'of'dative,'or'
with'‘wo’'instead'of'‘wohin’'or'used'with'other'prepositions'than'what'is'
traditionally'the'case)
11/02/18 Page'26What%is%the%role%of%social%parameters?
! other'languages'spoken'at'home:'e.g.'German'→'use'of'German'lexical'
items9'also'for'English,'Albanian,'etc.
! Together,'the'18'children'speak'19'different'languages'in'various'
contexts
! frequent'contact'with'speakers'of'other'languages'(at'least'2!3'times'per'
week)
11/02/18 Page'27Urban&– rural&differences?&(survey)
Does&child&speak&
differently? yes no
Berg*(Dägerlen) 1 1
Hettlingen 4 6
Oberwil 1 n/a
Winterthur 16 16
11/02/18 0
Page*28
500 1000 1500m
Scale 1: 50,000
Printed on 28.10.2018 17:27 CET
https://s.geo.admin.ch/7de6db5c6c
www.geo.admin.ch is a portal provided by the Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation to gain insight on publicly accessible geographical information, data and servicesAs#a#way#of#conclusion… • Out%of%seven%ethnolectal%features,%children%aged%~10%use%at%least%four%of% these • change%of%genus%of%nouns%is%the%most%frequent%ethnolectal%feature%in% children’s%language • use%of%ethnolectal%features%mostly%dependent%on%contact%with%speakers%of% other%languages%and%languages%spoken%at%home • Other%factors,%such%as%speaking%German%at%school,%plays%a%role • both%parents%and%children%themselves%comment%(metaBlinguistic% discourse)%on%other%children’s%and%their%own%speech%(e.g.%Altä) 11/02/18 Page%29
Next%steps ! transcribe*interviews*(IPA) ! analyze*quantitatively*and*qualitatively*in*depth ! conduct*follow
Thank&you&to: • Eline'Zenner'and'Nane Mertens'for'sharing'their'survey • the'teachers'of'the'primary'school'for'allowing'us'to'record'their'children • Lena'Zipp'for'the'equipment • Valerie'Hazan for'sharing'the'diapix pictures 11/02/18 Page'31
THANK&YOU slides:'www.melanie-roethlisberger.ch 11/02/18 Page'32
References Auer,&Peter.&2002.&‚Türkenslang‘:&Ein&jugendsprachlicher Ethnolekt des&Deutschen und&seine&Transformationen.&In&Annelies&Häcki Buhofer (ed.).&Spracherwerb und-Lebensalter.&Tübingen:&Francke,&255K264.& Baker,&Rachel&&&Valerie&Hazan.&2011.&DiapixUK:&task&materials&for&the&elicitation&of&multiple&spontaneous&speech&dialogs.&Behavior- research-methods-43(3),&761–770. Dürscheid,&Christa&&&Jürgen&Spitzmüller.&2006.&Jugendlicher Sprachgebrauch in&der&Deutschschweiz:&eine Zwischenbilanz.&In& Christa&Dürscheid &&Jürgen&Spitzmüller (eds.).&Zwischentöne:-Zur Sprache der-Jugend in-der-Deutschschweiz.&Zürich:&Verlag&NZZ,& 13K48. Galliker,&Esther.&2014.&Bricolage:&Ein&kommunikatives Genre&im Sprachgebrauch Jugendlicher aus der&Deutschschweiz.&Frankfurt:& Peter&Lang. Glaser,&Elvira.&2014.&Wandel und&Variation&in&der&Morphosyntax&der&schweizerdeutschen Dialekte.&Taal &-Tongval 66(1),&21K64. Glaser,&Elvira&&&Gabriela&Bart.&2015.&Dialektsyntax des&Schweizerdeutschen.&In&Roland&Kehrein,&Alfred&Lameli &&Stefan&Rabanus (eds.).&Regionale Variation-des-Deutschen:&Projekte und&Perspektiven.&Berlin:&De&Gruyter,&81–108. Hollenstein,&Nora&&&Noëmi Aepli.&Compilation&of&a&Swiss&German&Dialect&Corpus&and&its&Application&to&PoS Tagging. Proceedings- of-the-First-Workshop-on-Applying-NLP-Tools-to-Similar-Languages,-Varieties-and-Dialects-(VarDial),&COLING&2014,&Dublin,&Ireland.& Jeszenszky,&Péter,&Philipp&Stoeckle,&Elvira&Glaser&&&Robert&Weibel.&2017.&Exploring&global&and&local&patterns&in&the&correlation&of& geographic&distances&and&morphosyntactic&variation&in&Swiss&German.&Journal-of-Linguistic-Geography 5(2),&online. Leemann,&Adrian,&MarieKJosé&Kolly,&Ross&S.&Purves,&David&Britain&&&Elvira&Glaser.&2015.&Crowdsourcing&language&change&with& smartphone&applications.&PLoS ONE 11(1),&online. 11/02/18 Page&33
References Samardžić,*Tania,*Yves*Scherrer*&*Elvira*Glaser.*2016.*ArchiMob @ A*Corpus*of*Spoken*Swiss*German.*Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+ International+Conference+on+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+(LREC+2016).*Portorož,*Slovenia. Scherrer,*Yves*&*Philipp*Stoeckle.*2016.*A*quantitative*approach*to*Swiss*German:*Dialectometric*analyses*and*comparisons*of* linguistic*levels.*Dialectologia et+Geolinguistica 24,*92–125. Schmid,*Stephan.*2017.*Differenzierungsprozesse im Sprachgebrauch von*Jugendlichen in*der*Deutschschweiz:*zur sozialen Interpretation*von*ethnolektalen Sprechweisen in*Schweizer Medien.*Bulletin+Suisse+de+Linguistique Appliquée (ValsHAsla)+1,*105@ 116. Stark,*Elisabeth,*Simone*Ueberwasser &*Beni*Ruef.*2009–2015.*Swiss*SMS*corpus,*University*of*Zurich.* https://sms.linguistik.uzh.ch Statistik Stadtentwicklung Winterthur\*Einwohnerkontrolle NEST,*https://stadt.winterthur.ch/themen/die@ stadt/winterthur/statistik/bevoelkerung [accessed*15*October*2018] Tissot,*Fabienne,*Stephan*Schmid*&*Esther*Galliker.*2011.*Ethnolektales Schweizerdeutsch:*Sozio@phonetische und* morphosyntaktische Merkmale sowie ihre dynamische Verwendung in*ethnolektalen Sprechweisen.*In*Elvira*Glaser,*J.E.*Schmidt* &*Natascha*Frey*(eds.).*Dynamik des*Dialekts:*Wandel und*Variation.*Stuttgart:*Steiner,*319@344. Van*Engen,*Kristin.*J.,*Melissa*Baese@Berk,*Rachel*Baker,*Arim Choi,*Midam Kim*&*Ann*R.*Bradlow.*2010.*The*Wildcat*Corpus*of* Native@and*Foreign@accented*English:*Communicative*Efficiency*across*Conversational*Dyads*with*Varying*Language*Alignment* Profiles.*Language+and+Speech 53(4),*510–540. Werlen,*Erika,*Esther*Galliker &*Fabienne*Tissot.*2010.*Konzeptuelle Zugänge zu intralingualer Variation:*Dialekt und* Standardgebrauch in*Gesprächen Deutschschweizer Jugendlicher.*In*Jens*Normann Jørgensen (ed.).*Vallah Gurkensalat 4U+&+ Me!+Current+perspectives+in+the+study+of+youth+language. Frankfurt:*Peter*Lang,*229@244. 11/02/18 Page*34
You can also read
