Europe Credit Markets Update - 2Q 2020 - S&P Global

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Europe Credit Markets
                                  Update – 2Q 2020
                                  Sarah Limbach, Economist – Credit Markets Research
                                             sarah.limbach@spglobal.com
                                  Sundaram Iyer, Senior Analyst – Research
                                             sundaram.iyer@spglobal.com
                                  Sudeep Kesh, Head of Credit Markets Research
                                             sudeep.kesh@spglobal.com

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Financing Conditions
                      Highlights

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Europe Financing | Limited Risk Aversion

                          (bps)
                                      GFC Median      GFC High      Beginning of 2020             COVID High    Most Recent               –     European spreads fell substantially
                                                                                                                                                from their peak during the Global
                          2500                                                                                                                  Financial Crisis and the COVID19 peak in
                                                                                                2326
                                                                                                                                                March, thanks to swift and important
                                                                                                                                                fiscal and monetary responses. Spreads
                          2000                                                                                                                  for European speculative-grade issuers
                                                                                                                                                increased considerably, as high
                                                                                                                                                uncertainties around the health and
                                                                                                                                                economic outlook exacerbated
                          1500                                                                                                                  vulnerabilities in credit markets. At this
                                                                                                                                                year’s high, European spec-grade
                                                                                                                                                spreads were nearly three times—
                                                                                      984                                                       around 530 basis points (bps) above the
                          1000
                                                                                                                839                             level at the beginning of the year.
                                                                                                                                          –     Nevertheless, the recent peak in spreads
                                                                                                                         506                    was less than 40% of what was seen
                            500
                                                                                                        308
                                                                                                                                                during the GFC. More timely and
                                              302
                                                             236                                                                                stronger monetary and fiscal
                                      132                               138
                                                      87                                                                                        responses, notably the ECB’s €1.3
                                  0                                                                                                             trillion pandemic emergency purchase
                                            Europe Investment-Grade                           Europe Speculative-Grade                          programme (PEPP) reassured investors
                                                                                                                                                and calmed markets. Consequently,
                                                                                                                                                spreads for speculative-grade decreased
                                                                                                                                                more than 320 bps by mid-June.

                       Note: Data as of June 23, 2020. “Europe” includes the following countries: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia,
                       Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Slovenia, Luxembourg, San Marino, Monaco, Malta, Norway,
ow the line            Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Source: S&P Global Ratings, S&P Dow Jones Indices, Federal
                       Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

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Europe | Corporate Issuance
                         ($ Bil.)                               NonFinancial Bond Issuance                                                               –    Investment-grade issuance
                           400                          2019, Investment-Grade                     2019, Speculative-Grade                                    overtook 2019 level in April.
                                                        2020, Investment-Grade                     2020, Speculative-Grade                                    Issuance picked up strongly
                                                                                                                                                              in April following the ECB’s
                           300
                                                                                                                                                              announcement of PEPP on
                                                                                                                                                              March 18. This was mainly
                           200                                                                                                                                driven by investment-grade
                                                                                                                                                              issuance, which surged in
                           100
                                                                                                                                                              April from March.
                                                                                                                                                         –    Speculative-grade issuance
                                                                                                                                                              remains close to, but below
                              0
                                                                                                                                                              its 2019 level on the back of

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                                                                                                                                                              muted activity in March.
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                         ($ Bil.)
                                                         Europe Regional New Bond Issuance
                                    Eur ope - Overall    Financial        Nonfinancials           Investment-Grade    Speculative-Grade
                       1,200
                       1,000
                           800
                           600
                           400
                           200
                              0
                                       2016                    2017                       2018                 2019               2020*

                      C
                       * Denotes YTD data as of June 16 2020
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                                              Data as of June 16, 2020. Data including both Financials and Non-Financials. Source: S&P Global Ratings; Thomson Reuters.
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Corporate Issuance| Europe

                                                                Europe Cumulative Corporate Bond Issuance
                             ($ Bil.)
                                                                                   2009       2015        2017            2019           2020
                             1,800

                             1,500

                             1,200

                                  900

                                  600

                                  300

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                                          Data of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings; Thomson Financial.

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Europe Corporate Issuance| By Market
                                                                              Europe Regional New Bond Issuance
                                         1,200
                                                                                                                                                                         Europe - Overall
                                         1,000
                                                                                                                                                                         Financial
                       ($ Bil.)

                                             800

                                                                                                                                                                         Nonfinancials
                                             600

                                             400                                                                                                                         Investment-Grade

                                             200                                                                                                                         Speculative-Grade

                                               0
                                                         2016                   2017                  2018                 2019                    2020*

                           C
                          * Denotes YTD data as of June 16 2020
                                                                          Europe New Bond Issuance YTD (Through June)
                                                   600
                                                                                                                                                                             Europe -
                                                   500                                                                                                                       Overall
                                                                                                                                                                             Financial
                                                   400
                                  ($ Bil.)

                                                                                                                                                                             Nonfinancials
                                                   300
                                                                                                                                                                             Investment-
                                                   200                                                                                                                       Grade
                                                                                                                                                                             Speculative-
                                                   100
                                                                                                                                                                             Grade
                                                     0
                                                           2016 YTD                 2017 YTD            2018 YTD              2019 YTD               2020 YTD*

                                      C

ow the line            YTD through June for years 2016-2019. *Data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research; Thomson Reuters.

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Ratings Trends and
                      Outlooks
                      Summary

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Europe| COVID-19 / Oil-Related Rating Actions
                                                                       COVID-19 / Oil Price Rating Actions By Week
                                                             Downgrade               Downgrade + CW Change     OL Change        CreditWatch Negative

                     70

                     60

                     50

                     40

                     30

                     20

                     10

                       0
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                                          Number of negative rating actions by week since Feb. 3. Data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings

                                                                                                                                                                                             8

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Europe| COVID-19 / Oil-Related Rating Actions By Sector
                                                            % Of Speculative-Grade Outlook / CreditWatch Revisions
                                                            % Of Speculative-Grade Downgrades

                      Aerospace and defense (5)                                  25%                                                                      100%

                                 Automotive (28)                                                 38%                          67%
                                       Banks (74)      0%                  19%

                            Building materials (8)                                                                                          86%           100%   –    Speculative-grade
                 Business and consumer services…                                                                                      80%                 100%        dominance. More than half
                               Capital goods (42)                                                                55%
                                                                                                                                      80%
                                                                                                                                                 90%
                                                                                                                                                                      of the negative rating
                                  Chemicals (19)
                    Commercial and professional…       0%
                                                                                                                                                89%
                                                                                                                                                                      actions in Europe have been
                                                                                                                                                          100%
                        Consumer products (27)                                                       42%                                    87%                       on spec-grade issuers.
                                      Energy (15)                                                          50%                                     92%
                                                                                                                                                          100%
                                                                                                                                                                 –    Banks, insurance, and
                                 Health care (10)                                                                                                         100%
                 Homebuilders and developers (1)                                                                                                          100%        sovereigns were the
                         Hotels and gaming (12)                                                                               67%               89%                   sectors that didn’t see any
                                    Insurance (3)      0%
                                                                                                                                                                      ratings actions in the
                    Media and entertainment (25)                                                                        63%                     88%                   speculative-grade space.
                           Metals and mining (3)                                                                                                          100%
                                                                                                                                                          100%
                                        NBFI (13)                                                                                               89%       100%
                                 Real estate (16)                         18%                     40%
                                    Retailing (31)                                                                                    80%         90%
                                    Sovereign (8)                                               38%

                                 Technology (11)                                                                       60%                83%

                                      Telecom (3)                                                                                                         100%
                                                                                                                                                          100%
                              Transportation (28)                                                            53%        62%

                          Transportation infra (6)     0                                   33%
                                       Utilities (5)   0                                                   50%

                                                    0%                 20%                     40%               60%                80%                100%
                        Number in parenthesis signifies total number of negative rating actions in the sector since Feb. 3. Media and entertainment excludes
                        entities within Hotels and gaming. Data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings.
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Europe | COVID-19 / Oil-Related Rating Actions
                     European banks have the highest count of entities with a negative outlook or placed on CreditWatch due to Covid-19.
                     This is mainly due to their exposure to vulnerable sectors. Nevertheless, due to their indirect exposure to the
                     pandemic’s economic impact, downgrade pressure is less immediate than in other sectors. As a result, the sector has
                     seen comparably few rating actions.

                                                       COVID-19 / Oil Price Rating Actions By Sector
                                                          Count of Outlook / CreditWatch Revisions       Count of Downgrades

                   80

                   70

                   60

                   50

                   40

                   30

                   20

                   10

                     0
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                                    Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from Feb. 3, 2020 to June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                   10

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Europe | COVID-19 / Oil-Related Rating Actions
                                                                        COVID-19 / Oil Price Rating Actions By Month
                                                               Downgrade               Downgrade + CW Change       OL Change      CreditWatch Negative

                     250

                     200

                     150

                     100

                       50

                         0
                                        February                            March                          April                           May                             June*

                         – Europe saw the most downgrades in April following the surge in CreditWatch and outlook changes
                           in March. While downgrade counts in May and June clearly decreased, the record number of outlook
                           changes in April still reflect vulnerability in European credit markets.
                         – The U.K . (52) and France (24) are the European countries that saw most downgrades between
                           March and May.

                          Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from Feb. 3, 2020 to May 26, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings.
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Europe | Rating Distribution
                         Almost half of the European nonfinancial corporates are rated speculative-grade. Consumer products, media and
                         entertainment and health care are the sectors with the highest count of single-B rated issuers.
                                                                                         AAA         AA   A   BBB       BB     B     CCC & Lower

                                                                                  0                  20            40               60                80                100    120            140
                                                   Aerospace & Defense
                                                              Automotive
                                                                    Bank
                                                          Capital Goods
                                  Chemicals, Packaging, & Environmental…
                                                     Consumer Products
                                                              Diversified
                                          NonBank Financial Institutions
                                     Forest Products & Building Materials
                                                             Health Care
                                                        High Technology
                                          Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.
                                                               Insurance
                                                Media and Entertainment
                                                 Metals, Mining, & Steel
                                                               Oil & Gas
                                                      Retail/Restaurants
                                                               Sovereign
                                                    Telecommunications
                                                          Transportation
                                                                  Utilities

ow the line              Data as of June 16, 2020. Media and entertainment includes subsectors media, leisure, lodging and entertainment. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

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Downgrade Potential | Outlook And CreditWatch Distribution
                 By Sector
                                                               Negative CreditWatch%             Negative Outlook%

                             90%
                                                                                                                                                     –    European banks have a
                             80%
                                                                                                                                                          significant negative
                             70%                                                                                                                          bias but no issuers on
                                                                                                                                                          CreditWatch negative.
                             60%
                                                                                                                                                          This translates to a
                             50%                                                                                                                          less immediate
                                                                                                                                                          downgrade potential.
                             40%
                                                                                                                                                          This is due to the
                             30%                                                                                                                          sector’s mostly
                                                                                                                                                          indirect exposure to
                             20%
                                                                                                                                                          the pandemic’s
                             10%                                                                                                                          economic impact,
                                                                                                                                                          rather due to its
                                  0%                                                                                                                      exposure to vulnerable
                                                                                                                                                          sectors.
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                         Data as of June 16, 2020 and exclude sovereign. Media and entertainment includes subsectors media, leisure, lodging and entertainment. Source : S&P Global
ow the line              Ratings Research.

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Europe | Downgrade Potential By Sector
                              Automotive, leisure, lodging and entertainment, and transportation sectors have the highest
                              downgrade potential in Europe
                                                             % Of Speculative-Grade Outlook / CreditWatch Revisions                                             –     The sectors with the most
                                                             % Of Speculative-Grade Downgrades
                                                                                                                                                                      downgrade potential are
                                                                                                  38%
                                                                                                                                                                      those most exposed to the
                                         Automotive (28)                                                                67%
                                                                                                                                                                      economic fallout caused by
                                              Banks (74)                       19%
                                                             0%                                                                                                       COVID-19 and social
                                  Business and consumer…                                                                         80%
                                                                                                                                                   100%               distancing measures
                                       Capital goods (42)                                                   55%
                                                                                                                                          90%
                                                                                                                                                                      aiming to reduce its spread.
                                          Chemicals (19)                                                                         80%
                                                                                                                                          89%                   –     Automotive, media and
                                  Consumer products (27)                                            42%
                                                                                                                                       87%
                                                                                                                                                                      entertainment (mostly
                                             Energy (15)                                                  50%                                                         subsectors leisure and
                                                                                                                                             92%
                                                                                                                                                   100%
                                                                                                                                                                      lodging), as well as
                                         Health care (10)                                                                                          100%
                                                                                                                                                                      transportation are the
                                                                                                                        67%
                                  Hotels and gaming (12)                                                                                  89%                         hardest hit in Europe.
                          Media and entertainment (25)                                                             63%
                                                                                                                                       88%
                                                                                                                                                                –     The sectors’ vulnerability is
                                                                                                                                          89%
                                               NBFI (13)                                                                                           100%               reflected by the high
                                         Real estate (16)                    18%
                                                                                                  40%                                                                 negative bias, far above the
                                           Retailing (31)                                                                        80%
                                                                                                                                          90%
                                                                                                                                                                      five year-average in most
                                         Technology (11)                                                                            83%                               sectors.
                                                                                                                  60%

                                      Transportation (28)                                                         62%
                                                                                                           53%

                                                            0%            20%                 40%           60%               80%            100%

                      Data as of June 16, 2020 and include sectors with more than five issuers only; excludes Sovereign. Media and entertainment excludes entities within Hotels and
                      gaming. Source : S&P Global Ratings Research.
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Europe | Current Vs Historic Downgrade Potentials
                           Identifying Downgrade Potential Across Sectors -Europe
                                                              90

                                                                                                          Auto
                                                              80

                                                              70
                                  Current negative bias (%)

                                                                                  Ret/Res                       Med&Ent
                                                              60                                                      Transp
                                                                                        OilG

                                                              50                      CapGds

                                                                                                                 Bank      Aer&D
                                                                                                 CP&ES
                                                              40                                       ConsPrd
                                                                       NonBankFinInst                                   Utils
                                                                               FP&BM
                                                              30                                                       MM&S
                                                                                 HomeRE
                                                                       Hcare
                                                                                                                               HiTech
                                                              20

                                                                                                             Teleco
                                                              10
                                                                                     Sov       Ins
                                                               0
                                                                   0            10                   20                  30               40              50             60             70             80             90

                                                                                                                                Long-term negative bias (%)

                      Med&Ent – Media & Entertainment, Auto - Automotive, MM&S - Metals, Mining & Steel, ConsPrd – Consumer Products, Ret/Res – Retail/ Restaurants, FP&BM –
                      Forest Products & Building Materials, HiTech – High Technology, Transp - Transportation, CapGds – Capital Goods, Utils - Utilities, Aer&D – Aerospace & Defense,
                      FinInst - Financial Institutions, Teleco – Telecommunications, Div - Diversified, CP&ES – Chemicals, Packaging & Environmental Services, OilG – Oil & Gas, HCare -
                      Health Care, Ins - Insurance, HomeRE – Homebuilders/Real Estate Co., Sov – Sovereign. OL- Outlook; CW-- CreditWatch. Data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P
ow the line           Global Ratings.

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Europe | Outlook And CreditWatch Distribution
                         About 47% of the speculative-grade issuers face                                   Of the riskiest ‘B-’ and below categories, similar to the
                         downgrade risks while 56% of the risky credits are                                total picture, leisure, lodging and entertainment as well
                         vulnerable to credit deterioration                                                as banks and consumer products carry the highest count
                                                                                                           of negative outlooks and placements on CreditWatch
                                                                                                           Negative
                                       Outlook Positive Or Creditwatch Positive
                                       Stable                                                                   CreditWatch Negative Negative Outlook            Stable
                                       Outlook Negative Or Creditwatch Negative
                     180                                                                                        Positive Outlook         CreditWatch Positive
                                                                                                                                     0             50                100                150
                     160                                                                                    Consumer products
                                                                                                                            Bank
                     140
                                                                                                                           Utility
                                                                                                           Media/entertainment
                     120
                                                                                                                   Health care
                                                                                                                 Capital goods
                     100
                                                                                                                      Insurance
                       80                                                                 Riskiest                      CP&ES
                                                                                          issuers                     Home/RE
                       60                                                                                      High technology
                                                                                                           Telecommunications
                       40                                                                                  Financial institutions
                                                                                                                          Forest
                       20                                                                                             Oil & Gas
                                                                                                                           Retail
                         0                                                                                      Transportation
                                                                                                                    Automotive
                            +

                                               B-
                                                +
                                               A-
                                              B+

                                                                                   CC B-

                                                                                   CC C
                                   AA

                                              BB
                                    -
                                   A+

                                                -
                                              B+
                           A

                                           BB B
                                               A

                                                                                       B

                                                                                     C+

                                                                                      C-
                                                                                     CC
                                  AA

                                             BB
                         AA

                                            BB
                         AA

                                            BB

                                                                                    CC
                                           BB

                                                                                                            Metals/mining/steel
                                                                                                            Aerospace/defense

ow the line               Data as of June 16, 2020. Media and entertainment includes subsectors media, leisure, lodging and entertainment. Source: S&P Global Ratings

                                                                                                                                                                                        16

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Ratings Action | Fallen Angels and Potential Fallen Angels
                                           Fallen Angels      Average Potential Fallen Angel
                                                                                                                                     –     10 Fallen Angels. Among the 10
                           35
                                                                                                                                           fallen angels in Europe this year,
                           30                                                                                                              three each are from the U.K. and Italy.
                           25                                                                                                              Transportation is the sector that
                           20                                                                                                              counts most fallen angels in Europe
                           15                                                                                                              (3).
                           10                                                                                                        –     Potential fallen angels rise. The U.K.
                              5                                                                                                            has the most potential fallen angels.
                              0                                                                                                            The sectors with the highest counts
                                    07 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020*                                                are financial institutions as well as
                          C       20   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2  2
                                                                                                                                           media and entertainment, where
                                             Potential Fallen Angels Count (Left)             Debt Amount Affected ($ Bil.)                mostly corporates impacted by
                                       7                                                                                 45
                                                                                                                                           COVID-19 related social distancing
                                       6                                                                                 40                measures are on our list.
                                                                                                                         35
                                       5
                                                                                                                         30          –     For more information, see The
                                       4                                                                                 25                Potential Fallen Angels Tally
                                       3                                                                                 20
                                                                                                                         15                Reaches A New High At 126,
                                       2
                                       1
                                                                                                                         10                published June 17, 2020.
                                                                                                                         5
                                       0                                                                                 0
                                              nt ds     ns      ls      ts   ve   o.    as     gn     ts  on lity
                                       inme Goo it utio Met a oduc m oti te C & G erei uran rtat i Ut i
                                    t a       al  st            P r      to  st a  il    ov     t a   p o
                                 ter apit ial I n            er      Au al E      O    S R es ns
                               En      C nc                um              e               il/    Tra
                          ia &
                                         i na         on s            e/R
                                                                                      Ret a
                       Ced              F            C              m
                       M                                         Ho

                        Data as of June 16, 2020. Media and entertainment includes subsectors media, leisure, lodging and entertainment. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                  17

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Ratings Action | Corporate Fallen Angels With Highest Debt
                                                                                                                                                                  Rated debt amount
                    Date          Issuer                                              To    From          Sector                                 Country          ($ Mil.)
                    10/9/2001     Railtrack PLC                                       CC    A             Transportation                         United Kingdom $3,652
                    8/14/2002     Vivendi Universal S.A.                              BB    BBB-          Media & Entertainment                  France           $16,635
                    12/9/2003     Parmalat Finanziaria SpA                            B+    BBB-          Consumer Products                      Italy            $7,177
                    4/19/2004     Adecco S.A.                                         BB+   BBB-          Media & Entertainment                  Switzerland      $1,987
                                  Allgemeine Hypothekenbank
                    10/25/2005    Rheinboden AG (BHW Holding AG)                      BB+   BBB-          Bank                                   Germany          $3,908
                    1/26/2006     TDC A/S                                             BB    BBB+          Telecommunications                     Denmark          $4,587
                    11/21/2007    BAA Ltd.                                            BB-   BBB+          Transportation                         United Kingdom $10,635
                    10/24/2008    HeidelbergCement AG                                 BB+   BBB-          Forest Products & Building Materials Germany            $4,822
                    2/13/2009     Fortis SA/NV (Fortis Group)                         BB    BBB-          Bank                                   Belgium          $23,237
                    4/27/2010     Alpha Bank A.E.                                     BB    BBB           Bank                                   Greece           $29,217
                    2/2/2011      Allied Irish Banks PLC                              BB    BBB           Bank                                   Ireland          $38,978
                    8/2/2012      ArcelorMittal                                       BB+   BBB-          Metals, Mining & Steel                 Luxembourg       $23,824
                    11/14/2013    Telecom Italia SpA                                  BB+   BBB-          Telecommunications                     Italy            $48,302
                    5/15/2014     AerCap Holdings N.V.                                BB+   BBB-          Transportation                         Netherlands      $16,800
                    1/14/2015     Tesco PLC                                           BB+   BBB-          Retail/Restaurants                     United Kingdom $17,195
                    2/18/2016     Anglo American PLC                                  BB    BBB-          Metals, Mining & Steel                 United Kingdom $14,897
                    7/27/2017     Seagate Technology plc                              BB+   BBB-          High Technology                        Ireland          $4,950
                    5/9/2018      TDC A/S (DKT Holdings ApS)                          B+    BBB-          Telecommunications                     Denmark          $3,601
                    6/13/2019     Novomatic AG                                        BB+   BBB-          Media & Entertainment                  Austria          $792
                    4/9/2020      Renault S.A.                                        BB+   BBB-          Automotive                             France           $24,979
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                                  Data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.

                                                                                                                                                                                      18

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Ratings Action| Rating Changes From 'B-' To 'CCC' Top 20 By
                    Debt Amount (YTD)
                                                                                                                                                                          Debt Amount
                    Rating Date Issuer                                          Country          Sector                                         Rating To     Rating From (US $ Mil)
                    3/30/2020     HNVR Midco Ltd.                               United Kingdom   Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $2,670
                    4/1/2020      Kirk Beauty One GmbH                          Germany          Retail/Restaurants                             CCC+          B-              $2,543
                    4/2/2020      Weatherford International plc                 Ireland          Oil & Gas Exploration & Production             CCC+          B-              $2,490
                                                                                                 Chemicals, Packaging & Environmental
                    4/20/2020     Diamond (BC) B.V.                             Netherlands      Services                                       CCC+          B-              $2,447
                                  Casablanca Global Intermediate                British Virgin
                    3/17/2020     Holdings L.P.                                 Islands          Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $1,900
                    4/9/2020      Swissport Group S.a.r.l                       Luxembourg       Transportation                                 CCC           B-              $1,803
                    5/28/2020     Europcar Mobility Group S.A.                  France           Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $1,703
                    4/14/2020     Richmond UK Holdco Ltd.                       United Kingdom   Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $1,684
                    3/31/2020     Vallourec                                     France           Oil & Gas Exploration & Production             CCC+          B-              $1,603
                                  Hurtigruten Group AS (Silk Holdings
                    3/20/2020     Sarl)                                         Norway           Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $1,129

                    5/29/2020     Technicolor S.A.                              France           High Technology                                CCC-          B-              $1,097

                    5/18/2020     L1R HB Finance Ltd                            United Kingdom   Retail/Restaurants                             CCC+          B-              $995
                    3/26/2020     Turnstone Midco 2 Ltd                         United Kingdom   Health Care                                    CCC           B-              $736
                    6/15/2020     Al Mistral Holdco Ltd.                        United Kingdom   Transportation                                 CCC+          B-              $688
                    3/25/2020     EnQuest PLC                                   United Kingdom   Oil & Gas Exploration & Production             CCC+          B-              $650
                    4/1/2020      Maxeda DIY Group B.V.                         Netherlands      Retail/Restaurants                             CCC+          B-              $579
                    6/9/2020      Pro.Gest SpA                                  Italy            Forest Products & Building Materials           CCC+          B-              $566
                    4/22/2020     Takko Fashion S.a.r.l.                        Luxembourg       Consumer Products                              CCC+          B-              $555
                    3/24/2020     Thame and London Ltd                          United Kingdom   Media & Entertainment                          CCC+          B-              $518
                    3/4/2020      Travelex Holdings Ltd.                        United Kingdom   Media & Entertainment                          CCC           B-              $515
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                                        Debt volume includes subsidiaries. Note: Red means speculative-grade rating. Data as of June 16, 2020; includes sovereigns. Source: S&P Global
                                        Ratings Research.
                                                                                                                                                                                             19

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Ratings Summary| Sovereign In June
                           Country                    Rating Outlook 5 Year CDS Spread Median Rating Financials (OLCW) Median Rating Non - Financials(OLCW)
                           Austria                    AA+        Stable                          A                                       A
                           Belgium                    AA         Stable                                                                  BBB+
                           Bulgaria                   BBB        Stable                                                                  B+
                           Czech Republic             AA-        Stable                                                                  BBB-
                           Denmark                    AAA        Stable                                                                  BBB
                           Estonia                    AA-        Positive                                                                B+
                           Finland                    AA+        Stable                          A-                                      BBB
                           France                     AA         Stable                          A                                       BBB-
                           Germany                    AAA        Stable                          A+                                      BB+
                           Greece                     BB-        Stable                                                                  B
                           Iceland                    A          Stable                                                                  BBB
                           Ireland                    AA-        Stable                          A-                                      BBB-
                           Italy                      BBB        Negative                        BBB                                     BB+
                           Jersey                     AA-        Stable                                                                  B+
                           Latvia                     A+         Stable                                                                  B
                           Liechtenstein              AAA        Stable                                                                  A
                           Lithuania                  A+         Stable                                                                  BBB-
                           Montserrat                 BBB-       Stable
                           Netherlands                AAA        Stable                          BBB+                                    BB-
                           Norway                     AAA        Stable                          A                                       BBB
                           Poland                     A-         Stable                          A-                                      BB+
                           Portugal                   BBB        Stable                                                                  BBB-
                           Romania                    BBB-       Negative                                                                B-
                           Slovenia                   AA-        Stable                                                                  BBB-
                           Spain                      A          Stable                          A-                                      BB+
                           Sweden                     AAA        Stable                          A-                                      BBB+
                           Switzerland                AAA        Stable                          A                                       BBB+
ow the line                United Kingdom             AA         Stable                          A                                       B+

                                            YTD data as of June 16, 2020; includes local / foreign currencies. Blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated).
                                            Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.
                                                                                                                                                                                          20

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Ratings Actions and
                      Defaults
                      Summary

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Ratings Action| Weakest Links and Default Rates
                                  Europe’s Weakest Links rise near record highs, pointing to higher
                                  likely default rates in the near term                                                              –    Weakest Links. Europe has seen
                                                                                                                                          weakest links rise to 99 issuers
                                                                                                                                          (nearly 19% of the speculative-
                                             Weakest Links Counts (Left)                                                                  grade rated population).
                                             Weakest Links Share Of Speculative-Grade Population (Right)
                                                                                                                                          Weakest Links are issuers rated
                                             Europe 12 Month Trailing Speculative -Grade Default Rate (Right)
                     120                                                                                              25%
                                                                                                                                          ‘B-’ and below with a negative
                                                                                                                                          outlook or on CreditWatch with
                                                                                                                                          negative implications; they
                     100
                                                                                                                      20%                 typically have a default rate eight
                                                                                                                                          times that of speculative-grade
                       80                                                                                                                 issuers more broadly.
                                                                                                                      15%
                                                                                                                                     –    For more information, see More
                       60
                                                                                                                                          Than One-Quarter Of
                                                                                                                      10%                 Speculative-Grade Issuers Are
                       40
                                                                                                                                          Weakest Links published May
                                                                                                                      5%                  14, 2020.
                       20

                         0                                                                                            0%
                         07

                         08

                         09

                         10

                         11

                         12

                         13

                         14

                         15

                         16

                         17

                         18

                         19

                         20
                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20

                       20
                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-

                    n-
                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

                  Ju

ow the line

                                            Default Rates as of May 2020. Weakest links and speculative-grade data as of June 16, 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research and S&P Global
                                            Market Intelligence’s CreditPro®.
                                                                                                                                                                                           22

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Ratings Action| Corporate Defaults By Reason & Default
                    Rate Trend

                         Missed principal/interest payments          Bankruptcy-Related                             Default Tally (Left)
                         Regulatory Intervention                     Distressed Exchanges / Restructuring           Europe 12 Month Trailing Speculative -Grade Default Rate (Right)
                         Confidential
              100%                                                                                      14                                                                                       10%

               90%                                                                                                                                                                               9%
                                                                                                        12
               80%                                                                                                                                                                               8%
                                                                                                        10                                                                                       7%
               70%
               60%                                                                                                                                                                               6%
                                                                                                        8
               50%                                                                                                                                                                               5%
                                                                                                        6
               40%                                                                                                                                                                               4%

               30%                                                                                      4                                                                                        3%

               20%                                                                                                                                                                               2%
                                                                                                        2
               10%                                                                                                                                                                               1%

                   0%                                                                                   0                                                                                        0%
                             2013      2014   2015    2016      2017        2018         2019   2020*

                                                                                                             *
                                                                                                            05

                                                                                                            06

                                                                                                            07

                                                                                                            08

                                                                                                            09

                                                                                                            10

                                                                                                            11

                                                                                                            12

                                                                                                            13

                                                                                                            14

                                                                                                            15

                                                                                                            16

                                                                                                            17

                                                                                                            18

                                                                                                            19
               C

                                                                                                           20
                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20

                                                                                                          20
                                                                                                         20
                           –        Rising Default Rates Defaults this year have already overtaken the previous four years’ count.
                           –        For more information, see More Than One-Quarter Of Speculative-Grade Issuers Are Weakest Links
                                    published May 14, 2020.

ow the line             * Default tally data as of June 16, 2020. Default Rates as of May 2020. Source: S&P Global Ratings and S&P Global Market Intelligence’s CreditPro®

                                                                                                                                                                                                23

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Ratings Transitions | Transitions Rates

                        One Year Transitions April 2019 to April 2020
                                                                                                                                        –     Stability. Issuers rated ‘B+’ and
                        Rating    BBB- BB+       BB       BB-         B+           B       B-      CCC/C    D                                 below were less stable over the
                        BBB-       74.76  9.71    2.91        0           0           0        0        0       0
                                                                                                                                              year until April compared to the
                        BB+         8.11 66.22   10.81     5.41           0           0        0        0       0
                        BB             0  1.52   65.15    15.15        1.52        3.03     4.55        0       0                             historical average. The major
                        BB-            0     0    2.78    61.11       15.28        6.94        0     2.78       0                             part of movements is to a lower
                        B+             0     0       0        1          53          20        9        5       1                             rating. This reflects the
                        B              0     0       0        0        0.41       55.74    23.36     9.02    0.41                             vulnerability in European credit
                        B-             0     0       0        0           0        6.82    51.14    27.27    3.41
                        CCC/C          0     0       0        0           0           0     2.94    35.29   41.18
                                                                                                                                              markets, mostly on the back of
                                                                                                                                              the economic impact of COVID-
                                                                                                                                              19.
                                                                                                                                        –     Defaults are higher in the ‘CCC/C’
                        One Year Transitions Since 1981                                                                                       categories when compared to
                        Rating    BBB- BB+        BB      BB-          B+           B      B-      CCC/C     D
                                                                                                                                              historical averages.
                        BBB-        68.7    6       1.9     0.4          0.1         0.3       0      0.2     0.1
                        BB+         12.8 60.7       9.2     2.8          1.1         0.3     0.1      0.2       0
                        BB           1.5 11.6      60.9     7.2          2.3         0.6     0.1      0.6     0.2
                        BB-          0.4  1.1      11.5    57.5         11.7           3     0.6      0.1     0.7
                        B+           0.2  0.7       2.3     9.6         56.5          12     2.3      1.4     0.9
                        B            0.1  0.1       0.2     1.3          6.9        61.6     8.8        3     1.7
                        B-             0    0         0     0.6          1.2        10.6    52.6       14     5.6
                        CCC/C          0    0         0       0          0.3         1.7      11     41.3    26.4

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                                      Transition Rates as of May 2020. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence’s CreditPro®

                                                                                                                                                                                                24

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Ratings
                      Additional Details

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Issuance| Sovereign Top 20 Deals In 2020 By Debt Amount
                                                                                              S&P Issue-    S&P Sovereign Rating                                                  Issuance (US
                     Issue Date   Issuer                    Country         Market Place      Rating        (as of June 16, 2020) Security Description            Currency        $ Mil.)

                     5/15/2020    Republic of Italy         Italy           Euro Public        BBB          BBB                      5                            EUR             $24,115
                                                                            Euro market public
                     4/22/2020    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           issue              NR           A                        4                            EUR             $16,298

                     4/22/2020    Kingdom of Spain           Spain          EURO/144A          NR           A                        4                            EUR             $16,145
                                  United Kingdom of Great                   Domestic
                     5/12/2020    Britain & Northern Ireland U.K.           government debt NR              AA                       5                            GBP             $14,886
                                                                            Euro market public
                     1/23/2018    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           issue              NR           A                        1                            EUR             $12,244

                     1/23/2018    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           EURO/144A          BBB+         A                        1                            EUR             $12,237
                                                                            Euro market public
                     1/15/2019    Republic of Italy         Italy           issue              NR           BBB                      1                            EUR             $11,469
                                                                            Euro market public
                     1/22/2019    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           issue              NR           A                        1                            EUR             $11,371

                     1/15/2019    Republic of Italy         Italy           EURO/144A         BBB           BBB                      1                            EUR             $11,369

                     1/22/2019    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           EURO/144A         A-            A                        1                            EUR             $11,345

                     1/14/2020    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           EURO/144A          NR           A                        1                            EUR             $11,099
                                                                            Euro market public
                     4/21/2020    Republic of Italy         Italy           issue              NR           BBB                      4                            EUR             $10,873

                     4/20/2020    Republic of Italy         Italy           EURO/144A         NR            BBB                      4                            EUR             $10,825

                     3/24/2020    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           EURO/144A          A            A                        3                            EUR             $10,755
                                                                            Euro market public
                     1/10/2018    Republic of Italy         Italy           issue              NR           BBB                      1                            EUR             $10,748

                     1/10/2018    Republic of Italy         Italy           EURO/144A          BBB          BBB                      1                            EUR             $10,725
                                                                            Euro market public
                     3/24/2020    Kingdom of Spain          Spain           issue              NR           A                        3                            EUR             $10,695
                                                                            Euro market public
                     2/11/2020    Republic of Italy         Italy           issue              NR           BBB                      2                            EUR             $9,843

                     2/11/2020    Republic of Italy         Italy           EURO/144A         NR            BBB                      2                            EUR             $9,775
                                  Federal Republic of
                     4/29/2020    Germany                   Germany         Domestic auction NR             AAA                      4                            EUR             $9,245
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                                           YTD data as of June 16, 2020; includes local / foreign currencies. Blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated).
                                           Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.
                                                                                                                                                                                              26

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Issuance| Financial and Non-Financial Top 20 Deals

                                                                                                               S&P Sovereign
                                                                                    Market        S&P Issue-   Rating (as of                                                   Issuance (US
                       Issue Date Issuer                         Country            Place         Rating       June 16, 2020)   Security Description                  Currency $ Mil.)

                       1/13/2020   EFSF                          Luxembourg         Euro Public   NR           AAA              0.700% Sr Unsecurd Nts due '50        Euro        $3,290

                       4/20/2020   EFSF                          Luxembourg         Euro Public   AA           AAA              Zero Cpn Zero Cpn Sr Nts due '23      Euro        $3,281

                       3/27/2020   Credit Suisse Grp Ag          Switzerland        Euro Public   BBB+         AAA              Medium-Term Nts due '30               USD         $3,000
                                                                 United
                       6/17/2020   BP Capital Markets Plc        Kingdom            Euro Public   BBB          AA               0% Perpetual Gtd Sub Bonds            Euro        $2,811
                                                                 United
                       6/17/2020   BP Capital Markets Plc        Kingdom            Euro Public   BBB          AA               0% Perpetual Gtd Sub Bonds            Euro        $2,530

                       5/26/2020   Total Capital International   France             U.S. Public   A+           AA               3.127% Gtd Global Nts due '50         USD         $2,500
                                                                 United
                       6/17/2020   BP Capital Markets Plc        Kingdom            U.S. Public   BBB          AA               0% Perpetual Gtd Sub Bonds            USD         $2,500
                                                                 United
                       6/17/2020   BP Capital Markets Plc        Kingdom            U.S. Public   BBB          AA               0% Perpetual Gtd Sub Bonds            USD         $2,500
                                                                 United
                       3/25/2020   HSBC Holdings PLC             Kingdom            U.S. Public   A            AA               4.950% Global Notes due '30           USD         $2,497
                                                                 United
                       4/14/2020   UBS AG London                 Kingdom            EURO/144A     A+           AA               1.750% Sr Unsecurd Nts due '22        USD         $2,497
                       4/1/2020    L-Bank                        Germany            Euro Public   AAA          AAA              0.625% Guaranteed Bds due '22         USD         $2,494
                       3/10/2020   EFSF                          Luxembourg         Euro Public   AA           AAA              0.400% Sr Unsecurd Nts due '26        Euro        $2,362
                                   Anheuser-Busch Inbev
                       4/1/2020    SA/NV                         Belgium            U.S. Public   A-           AA               4.500% Gtd Global Nts due '50         USD         $2,248

                       1/7/2020    ABN AMRO Bank NV              Netherlands        Euro Public   NR           AAA              0.375% Sr Unsecurd Nts due '35        Euro        $2,221

                       3/26/2020   Credit Suisse Grp Ag          Switzerland        Euro Public   BBB+         AAA              Fix/Flt MTNs due '26                  Euro        $2,198
                                                                 United
                       3/26/2020   Barclays PLC                  Kingdom            Euro Public   BBB          AA               3.375% Senior Notes due '25           Euro        $2,198
                                                                 United
                       4/14/2020   UBS AG London                 Kingdom            Euro Public   A+           AA               0.750% Sr Med Term Nts due '23        Euro        $2,191
                                   Credit Agricole Home Loan
                       4/1/2020    SFH                           France             Euro Public   AAA          AA               0.125% Sr Sec Bonds due '24           Euro        $2,190
                                   Nederlandse
                       4/2/2020    Waterschapsbank               Netherlands        Euro Public   NR           AAA              Zero Cpn Zero Cpn Sr Nts due '23      Euro        $2,183

                       1/30/2020   Credit Suisse AG              Switzerland        U.S. Public   A+           AAA              Sr Unsecurd Nts due '22               USD         $2,000
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                                             YTD data as of June 16, 2020; excludes Sovereign. Red means speculative-grade rating , blue means investment-grade rating, and grey
                                             means NR (not rated). Table is for foreign currency only without perpetuals. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.

                                                                                                                                                                                                   27

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Ratings Action| Top 20 By Debt Amount (YTD)
                                                                                                                                                         Rating                 Debt Amount
                    Rating Date Issuer                                     Country           Sector                                        Rating To     From       Action Type (US $ Mil)

                    5/13/2020     Anheuser-Busch InBev S.A./N.V.           Belgium           Consumer Products                             BBB+          A-         Downgrade      $155,580

                    5/13/2020     HSBC Holdings PLC                        United Kingdom Bank                                             A-            A          Downgrade      $142,417

                    4/1/2020      Deutsche Telekom AG                      Germany           Telecommunications                            BBB           BBB+       Downgrade      $78,354

                    3/26/2020     Daimler AG                               Germany           Automotive                                    BBB+          A-         Downgrade      $72,125

                    3/26/2020     BMW AG                                   Germany           Automotive                                    A             A+         Downgrade      $65,114

                    4/24/2020     ENGIE SA                                 France            Utility                                       BBB+          A-         Downgrade      $35,276

                    4/7/2020      GlaxoSmithKline PLC                      United Kingdom Health Care                                      A             A+         Downgrade      $31,395

                    3/27/2020     Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield SE             France            Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.                  A-            A          Downgrade      $30,649

                    4/23/2020     Commerzbank AG                           Germany           Bank                                          BBB+          A-         Downgrade      $27,742

                    6/11/2020     Deutsche Bahn AG                         Germany           Utility                                       AA-           AA         Downgrade      $26,834

                    4/9/2020      Renault S.A.                             France            Automotive                                    BB+           A-         Downgrade      $24,979

                    5/8/2020      Allergan plc                             Ireland           Health Care                                   BBB+          BBB        Upgrade        $20,236

                    1/13/2020     Atlantia SpA                             Italy             Utility                                       BB-           BBB-       Downgrade      $16,297

                    2/21/2020     NXP Semiconductors N.V.                  Netherlands       High Technology                               BBB           BBB-       Upgrade        $14,800

                    3/26/2020     Swedbank AB                              Sweden            Bank                                          A+            AA-        Downgrade      $14,190

                    1/13/2020     Abertis Infraestructuras S.A.            Spain             Utility                                       BBB-          BBB        Downgrade      $14,175

                    5/1/2020      EG Group Ltd.                            United Kingdom Consumer Products                                B-            B          Downgrade      $10,443

                    4/20/2020     Transocean Ltd.                          Switzerland       Oil & Gas Exploration & Production            CCC           CCC+       Downgrade      $9,946

                    4/20/2020     Valaris plc                              United Kingdom Oil & Gas Exploration & Production               CCC-          CCC+       Downgrade      $9,550

                    3/17/2020     International Game Technology Plc United Kingdom Media & Entertainment                                   BB            BB+        Downgrade      $8,171
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                                          Data as of June 16, 2020, exclude Sovereign, and includes only latest rating changes. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.

                                                                                                                                                                                               28

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Maturing Debt | Europe Financial and Non-Financial
                    Top 25 Deals Set To Mature Through August 2020
                                                                                                                                     S&P                                                   Issuance
                                                                                                                                     Issue -                                               (US $
                    Issue Date    Maturity Date Issuer                               Country       Sector               Market Place Rating      Security Description             Currency Million)

                    7/10/2013     7/17/2020        EFSF                              Luxembourg    Finance Company      Euro Public      AA+     1.625% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      6452.62

                    6/24/2014     7/15/2020        Wind Acquisition Finance SA       Luxembourg    Telecommunications EURO/144A          BB      4.000% Gtd Sen Sec Nts due '20   EUR      2857.14
                    7/20/2016     7/25/2020        Teva Pharm Fin Netherlands II Netherlands       Healthcare           Euro Public      BBB     0.375% Guaranteed Bds due '20    EUR      1920.03

                    6/24/2014     7/15/2020        Wind Acquisition Finance SA       Luxembourg    Telecommunications EURO/144A          BB      4.750% Sr Secured Nts due '20    US       1900
                                                                                     United
                    7/14/2005     7/21/2020        Network Rail Ltd                  Kingdom       Transportation       Euro Public      AAA     4.625% Fxd/Straight Bd due '20   STG      1752.04

                    6/24/2015     6/30/2020        UBS AG                            Switzerland   Banks                Euro Public      A       1.125% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      1677.15
                    8/19/2013     8/27/2020        Svenska Handelsbanken AB          Sweden        Banks                Euro Public      AA-     2.250% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      1658.05
                                                                                     United
                    7/15/2015     7/22/2020        Lloyds Bank PLC                   Kingdom       Banks                Euro Public      NR      0.500% Fxd/Straight Bd due '20   EUR      1639.75
                                                   Credit Agricole Home Loan
                    1/21/2016     8/28/2020        SFH                               France        Banks                Euro Public      AAA     0.125% Fxd/Straight Bd due '20   EUR      1622.44
                    7/8/2010      7/16/2020        Intesa Sanpaolo Spa               Italy         Banks                Euro Public      A       5.150% Mdm-Trm Sub Nts due '20   EUR      1582.35

                    5/13/2013     7/15/2020        Unicredit SpA                     Italy         Banks                Euro Public      BBB     Mdm-Trm Sub Nts due '20          EUR      1557.63

                    6/21/2010     6/29/2020        Nordea AB                         Sweden        Banks                Euro Public      AA-     4.000% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      1528.66

                    7/21/2010     7/28/2020        Waha Aerospace BV Govt Gtd Netherlands          Finance Company      EURO/144A        AA      3.925% Gtd Sr Notes due '20      US       1500
                                                                                 United
                    8/17/2010     8/24/2020        Royal Bank of Scotland (Bond) Kingdom           Banks                U.S. Public      A+      5.625% Gtd Global Nts due '20    US       1499.21
                                                                                 United
                    8/5/2010      8/12/2020        HSBC Bank PLC                 Kingdom           Banks                EURO/144A        AA      4.125% Senior Notes due '20      US       1491.02
                    6/25/2015     7/1/2020         Capgemini SA                      France        Financial Institution Euro Public     BBB     1.750% Senior Bonds due '20      EUR      1398.19

                    7/12/2013     7/20/2020        GE Capital European Funding Ireland             Financial Institution Euro Public     AA+     2.250% Gtd Mdm-Trm Nts due '20   EUR      1302.26
                    4/24/2013     6/30/2020        Unicredit SpA                     Italy         Banks                Euro Public      BBB+    Mdm-Trm Sub Nts due '20          EUR      1301.58

                    4/24/2013     6/30/2020        Unicredit SpA                     Italy         Banks                Euro Public      BBB+    Mdm-Trm Sub Nts due '20          EUR      1301.58
                                                   Nederlandse
                    7/2/2013      7/9/2020         Waterschapsbank                   Netherlands   Financial Institution Euro Public     AAA     1.750% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      1292.45
                    7/9/2010      7/20/2020        Banque Federative Du Credit France              Banks                Euro Public      A+      4.125% Medium-Term Nts due '20   EUR      1257.16
                    6/17/2010     6/24/2020        Total Capital SA            France              Integrated Oil & Gas U.S. Public      AA      4.450% Gtd Global Nts due '20    US       1245.01
                                                                               United
                    7/15/2015     7/21/2020        Imperial Brands Finance PLC Kingdom             Consumer Products    Foreign Public   BBB     2.950% Gtd Mdm-Trm Nts due '20   US       1236.46

                    6/17/2010     6/24/2020        Deutsche Bank AG                  Germany       Banks                Euro Public      A       5.000% Mdm-Trm Sub Nts due '20   EUR      1234.12
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                                             Data as of June 16, 2020 and excludes Sovereign. Red means speculative-grade rating , blue means investment-grade rating, and
                                             grey means NR (not rated). Table does not include China deals and data is for foreign currency only without perpetuals. Source: S&P                        29
                                             Global Ratings Research.

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