How's Life in Korea? - OECD

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How’s Life in Korea?
How’s Life in Korea?
Korea’s current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
                                           CIVIC
                                                                                                          INCOME AND
                                        ENGAGEMENT
                                                                                                            WEALTH
                                                                     Hav ing     House-
                                                                    no say in      hold House-
                                                           Voter
                                                                                 income hold S80/S20
                                                          turnout gov ernment*          w ealth income
          SOCIAL                                Lack of
                                                                                               share ratio*
        CONNECTIONS                             social                                                                              HOUSING
                                               support*                                                      Housing
                                     Social                                                                affordability
                                      inter-
                                     actions                                                                        Ov er-
   WORK-LIFE                                                                                                      crow ding
                            Gender                                                                                  rate*
   BALANCE                   gap in
                             hours
                                                                                                                       Employ -
                            w orked*
                                                                                                                       ment rate
                          Time off
                                                                                                                        Gender             WORK AND
                                                                                                                       w age gap*         JOB QUALITY
                            Gender
                             gap in
                            feeling                                                                                 Long hours
                              safe                                                                                    in paid
     SAFETY                                                                                                           w ork*
                              Homicides*
                                                                                                               Life
                                       Negativ e                                                         ex pectancy
                                        affect                                                      Gap in life
                                       balance* Life                                              ex pectancy by
                 SUBJECTIVE                  satisfaction                                  Student education                     HEALTH
                 WELL-BEING                                 Ex posure to Access Students skills in (men)*
                                                             outdoor air to green w ith    science
                                                              pollution* space low skills*
             AVERAGE
                                                                                                      KNOWLEDGE
           INEQUALITY                    ENVIRONMENTAL                                                AND SKILLS
                                            QUALITY
Note: This chart shows Korea’s relative strengths and weaknesses in well-being compared to other OECD countries. Longer bars always indicate
better outcomes (i.e. higher wellbeing), whereas shorter bars always indicate worse outcomes (lower well-being) – including for negative
indicators, marked with an *, which have been reverse-scored. Inequalities (gaps between top and bottom, differences between groups, people
falling under a deprivation threshold) are shaded with stripes, and missing data in white.

Korea’s resources for future well-being, 2018 or latest available year

              Natural Capital                    Economic Capital                  Human Capital                    Social Capital

                                                                                       Educational
             Greenhouse gas
                                                Produced fixed assets             attainment of young                Trust in others
                                                                                                                                          …
            emissions per capita
                                                                                         adults                                           …
                                                 Financial net worth of                                                  Trust in
              Material footprint                                                  Premature mortality
                                                     government                                                        government

              Red List Index of
                                                    Household debt
                                                                                       Labour               …       Gender parity in
             threatened species                                                   underutilisation rate                politics
                                                                                                            …
Note: ❶=top-performing OECD tier, ❷=middle-performing OECD tier, ❸=bottom-performing OECD tier. ➚ indicates consistent
improvement; ↔ indicates no clear or consistent trend; ➘ indicates consistent deterioration, and “…” indicates insufficient time series to
determine trends since 2010. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
2

  For more information
  Access the complete publication, including information about the methods used to determine trends at:
  https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en.
  Find the data used in this country profile at: http://oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-2020-country-
  notes-data.xlsx.

Deprivations in Korea
Deprivations in selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

                                                                       KOREA

                       17%                                                                  4%
                     of the population live in relative                         would be at risk of falling into poverty if they
                             income poverty                                       had to forgo 3 months of their income

                         9%                                                             12%
                   of poor households spend more than                                  of the population report low
                   40% of their income on housing costs                                       life satisfaction

                     19%
                    say they have no friends or family                            There is no data available on satisfaction
                        to turn to in times of need                                             with time use

                                                                           Source: OECD (2020), How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being

Note: Relative income poverty refers to the share of people with household disposable income below 50% of the national median; financial
insecurity refers to the share of individuals who are not income poor, but whose liquid financial assets are insufficient to support them at the
level of the national relative income poverty line for at least three months; housing cost overburden refers to the share of households in the
bottom 40% of the income distribution spending more than 40% of their disposable income on housing costs; and low satisfaction with life and
with time use refer to the share of the population rating their satisfaction as 4 or lower (on a 0-10 scale).

                                                                                                          HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
3

Inequalities between men and women in Korea
Gender ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

                Earnings       0.65

        Employment rate                  0.73

             Feeling safe                 0.74

        Perceived health                     0.76

             Long-term
      unemployment rate
                                                             0.90

            Hours worked
        (paid and unpaid)
                                                                    0.95

                 Time off                                            0.96

  Adult skills (numeracy)                                            0.96

  Student skills (science)                                                  0.99

         Life satisfaction                                                     1.03

           Social support                                                          1.05

         Life expectancy                                                              1.08

          Having a say in
            government
                                                                                             1.12

        Homicide victims                                                                     1.13

       Social interactions                                                                                1.22

               Job strain                                                                                   1.24

     Deaths from suicide,
          alcohol, drugs
                                                                                                                         // 2.79

                                         Men doing better           OECD average                    Women doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between men and women, defined as gender ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
4

Inequalities between age groups in Korea
Age ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
                                                         A. Younger and middle-aged people

                     Employment rate       // 0.34

                              Earnings           0.67

                         Voter turnout                      0.77

                             Job strain                               0.86

                           Feeling safe                                             0.98

                       Life satisfaction                                            0.98

                Adult skills (numeracy)                                             1.02

                        Social support                                                              1.16

                       Having a say in
                          government
                                                                                                                 1.28

                          Long-term
                   unemployment rate
                                                                                                                          // 3.09

                                              Middle-aged people doing better     OECD average      Younger people doing better

                                                               B. Younger and older people

                          Long-term
                   unemployment rate
                                           // 0.16

                      Employment rate      // 0.39

                         Voter turnout     // 0.55

                              Earnings                  0.74

                           Feeling safe                                  0.89

                       Life satisfaction                                            1.02

                             Job strain                                                    1.04

                Adult skills (numeracy)                                                            1.15

                        Social support                                                                                    // 1.48

                       Having a say in
                          government
                                                                                                                          // 1.74

                                                 Older people doing better      OECD average      Younger people doing better

Note: Age ranges differ according to each indicator and are only broadly comparable. They generally refer to 15-24/29 years for young people,
25/30 to 45/50 years for the middle-aged and 50 years and over for older people. See How’s Life? 2020 for further details. Grey bubbles denote
no clear difference between age groups, defined as age ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

                                                                                                               HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
5

Inequalities between people with different educational attainment in Korea
Education ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

               Job strain    // 0.29

                Earnings           0.67

        Perceived health                  0.73

         Having a say in
           government
                                                       0.83

             Feeling safe                                 0.86

        Employment rate                                          0.93

          Social support                                          0.95

         Life satisfaction                                          0.97

           Voter turnout                                                          1.08

         People with tertiary education doing better     OECD average      People with upper secondary education doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between groups with different educational attainment, defined as education ratios within
0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
6

Inequalities between top and bottom performers in Korea
Vertical inequalities for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

              Household income of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%                        Share of wealth owned by the top 10%, percentage
12                                                                                 90

                                                                                   80
10
                                                                                   70

 8                                                                                 60
                7                                                                                                51.7
                                                                                   50
 6                                         5.4
                                                                                   40

 4                                                                                 30

                                                                                   20
 2
                                                                                   10

 0                                                                                 0

              Earnings of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%,                       PISA score in science of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%
                              full-time employees
6                                                                                  2

                                                                                                                     1.67      1.66
5
        4.3

4
                                     3.4

3                                                                                  1

2

1

0                                                                                  0

              Life satisfaction scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%                Satisfaction with time use scores of the top 20%
                                                                                                           relative to the bottom 20%
4                                                                                   4

3                                                                                   3                                   2.78

                                    2.2    2.1
2                                                                                   2

1                                                                                   1

0                                                                                   0

Note: For all figures, countries are ranked from left (most unequal) to right (least unequal).

                                                                                                                    HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
7

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Korea - I

                                          Household income
                               (household net adjusted disposable income,    Average
                                                                                                  KOR          OECD
                                    USD at 2017 PPPs*, per capita)                               ~24 000      ~ 28 000
        Income and Wealth

                                         Household wealth
                                                                             Average
                                (median net wealth, USD at 2016 PPPs)                             OECD            KOR
                                                                                                 ~162 000       ~173 000

                                      S80/S20 income share ratio
                                 (the household income for the top 20%,
                                                                             Inequality
                                 divided by the household income for the                                     KOR                    OECD
                                               bottom 20%)                                                    7                      5.4

                                          Housing affordability
                               (share of disposable income remaining after   Average
                                                                                                              OECD                           KOR
                                              housing costs)                                                   79.2                          84.8
        Housing

                                          Overcrowding rate
                               (share of households living in overcrowded    Inequality                                                 KOR
                                                                                                                            OECD
                                              conditions)                                                                    12          8

                                          Employment rate
                               (employed people aged 25-64, as a share of    Average
                                    the population of the same age)                                                KOR        OECD
                                                                                                                   74.1        76.5
        Work and Job Quality

                                            Gender wage gap
                               (difference between male and female median    Inequality
                               wages expressed as a share of male wages)                  KOR                               OECD
                                                                                          34.6                               12.9

                                       Long hours in paid work
                                (share of employees usually working 50+      Inequality             No data available for Korea
                                            hours per week)

                                            Life expectancy
        Health

                                (number of years a newborn can expect to     Average
                                                  live)                                                                   OECD        KOR
                                                                                                                           80.5       82.7

Note: The snapshot depicts data for 2018, or the latest available year, for each indicator. The colour of the circle indicates the direction of
change, relative to 2010, or the closest available year:       = consistent improvement,     = consistent deterioration,     = no clear trend,
and white for insufficient time series to determine trends. The OECD average is marked in black. For methodological details, see the Reader’s
Guide of How’s Life? 2020. * = Purchasing Power Parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
8

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Korea - II
        Environmental Knowledge and

                                               Student skills in science
                          Skills

                                                                                      Average
                                                  (PISA mean scores)                                                               OECD           KOR
                                                                                                                                    489           519
           Quality

                                         Exposure to outdoor air pollution
                                                                                      Inequality
                                        (share of population > WHO threshold)
                                                                                                   KOR             OECD
                                                                                                   99.2             62.8

                                                   Life satisfaction
         Subjective Well-being

                                                                                      Average
                                              (mean value on a 0-10 scale)
                                                                                                          KOR                       OECD
                                                                                                           6.1                       7.4

                                                Negative affect balance
                                      (share of population reporting more negative    Inequality
                                       than positive feelings and states yesterday)                                         KOR     OECD
                                                                                                                             17      13

                                                       Homicides
                                                                                      Average
                                                (per 100 000 population)                                                                   OECD     KOR
                                                                                                                                            2.4      0.9
         Safety

                                              Gender gap in feeling safe
                                       (percentage difference that women feel less    Inequality
                                       safe than men when walking alone at night)                                                         KOR
                                                                                                                            OECD          -15.8
                                                                                                                             -16

                                                        Time off
      Work-life
      Balance

                                      (time allocated to leisure and personal care,   Average
                                                     hours per day)                                              KOR OECD
                                                                                                                 14.8 15

                                                  Social interactions
                                                                                      Average
         Social Connections

                                                    (hours per week)
                                                                                                                    KOR     OECD
                                                                                                                     4.9      6

                                                 Lack of social support
                                      (share of people who report having no friends
                                                                                      Inequality
                                      or relatives whom they can count on in times
                                                                                                          KOR                        OECD
                                                       of trouble)                                        19.2                        8.6
      Engagement

                                                      Voter turnout
         Civic

                                                                                      Average
                                       (share of registered voters who cast votes)                                         OECD       KOR
                                                                                                                            69         77

Note: See note on page 7.

                                                                                                                            HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
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