How's Life in Israel? - OECD

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How’s Life in Israel?
How’s Life in Israel?
Israel’s current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
                                           CIVIC
                                                                                                         INCOME AND
                                        ENGAGEMENT
                                                                                                           WEALTH
                                                                    Hav ing    House-
                                                                                        House-
                                                                                hold
                                                           Voter no say in income        hold
                                                          turnout gov ernment*          w ealth    S80/S20
           SOCIAL                               Lack of                                             income
         CONNECTIONS                            social                                            share ratio*
                                                                                                              Housing               HOUSING
                                               support*
                                                                                                            affordability
                                    Social
                                     inter-
                                    actions                                                                          Ov er-
                                                                                                                   crow ding
   WORK-LIFE                 Gender                                                                                  rate*
   BALANCE                    gap in
                              hours                                                                                    Employ -
                             w orked*                                                                                  ment rate

                            Time off                                                                                    Gender           WORK AND
                                                                                                                       w age gap*       JOB QUALITY
                              Gender
                               gap in
                              feeling                                                                                Long hours
                                                                                                                       in paid
      SAFETY                    safe
                                                                                                                       w ork*
                                Homicides*                                                                       Life
                                                                                                             ex pectancy
                                         Negativ e
                                                                                                    Gap in life
                                          affect
                                                                                                  ex pectancy by
                                         balance* Life
                   SUBJECTIVE                                                                       education                  HEALTH
                                              satisfaction                                Student
                   WELL-BEING                             Ex posure to                                (men)*
                                                                        Access Students skills in
                                                           outdoor air           w ith    science
                                                                       to green
                                                           pollution*
                                                                        space low skills*
              AVERAGE
                                                                                                       KNOWLEDGE
             INEQUALITY                       ENVIRONMENTAL                                            AND SKILLS
                                                 QUALITY
Note: This chart shows Israel’s relative strengths and weaknesses in well-being compared to other OECD countries. Longer bars always indicate
better outcomes (i.e. higher wellbeing), whereas shorter bars always indicate worse outcomes (lower well-being) – including for negative
indicators, marked with an *, which have been reverse-scored. Inequalities (gaps between top and bottom, differences between groups, people
falling under a deprivation threshold) are shaded with stripes, and missing data in white.

Israel’s resources for future well-being, 2018 or latest available year

               Natural Capital                  Economic Capital                  Human Capital                     Social Capital

                                                                                    Educational
              Greenhouse gas
                                                Produced fixed assets               attainment of                    Trust in others
                                                                                                                                        …
             emissions per capita
                                                                                    young adults                                        …
                                                Financial net worth of                                                   Trust in
               Material footprint                                                Premature mortality
                                                    government                                                         government

               Red List Index of
                                                   Household debt
                                                                           …          Labour                …       Gender parity in
              threatened species                                                 underutilisation rate                 politics
                                                                           …                                …
Note: ❶=top-performing OECD tier, ❷=middle-performing OECD tier, ❸=bottom-performing OECD tier. ➚ indicates consistent
improvement; ↔ indicates no clear or consistent trend; ➘ indicates consistent deterioration, and “…” indicates insufficient time series to
determine trends since 2010. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
2

  For more information
  Access the complete publication, including information about the methods used to determine trends at:
  https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en.
  Find the data used in this country profile at: http://oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-2020-country-
  notes-data.xlsx.

Deprivations in Israel
Deprivations in selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

                                                                      ISRAEL

                       18%
                     of the population live in relative                                 There is no data available on
                             income poverty                                                  financial insecurity

                       There is no data available on                                 There is no data available on life
                         housing cost overburden                                                satisfaction

                       9%
                    say they have no friends or family                            There is no data available on satisfaction
                        to turn to in times of need                                             with time use

                                                                           Source: OECD (2020), How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being

Note: Relative income poverty refers to the share of people with household disposable income below 50% of the national median; financial
insecurity refers to the share of individuals who are not income poor, but whose liquid financial assets are insufficient to support them at the
level of the national relative income poverty line for at least three months; housing cost overburden refers to the share of households in the
bottom 40% of the income distribution spending more than 40% of their disposable income on housing costs; and low satisfaction with life and
with time use refer to the share of the population rating their satisfaction as 4 or lower (on a 0-10 scale).

                                                                                                         HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
3

Inequalities between men and women in Israel
Gender ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

                Earnings                       0.78

             Feeling safe                             0.84

        Employment rate                                       0.90

  Adult skills (numeracy)                                            0.95

        Perceived health                                              0.96

          Having a say in
            government
                                                                       0.97

          Social support                                                     1.01

  Student skills (science)                                                          1.04

         Life expectancy                                                            1.05

             Long-term
      unemployment rate
                                                                                           1.09

               Job strain                                                                                        1.31

        Homicide victims                                                                                                // 3.14

     Long working hours
           (in paid work)
                                                                                                                        // 3.20

     Deaths from suicide,
          alcohol, drugs
                                                                                                                        // 5.53

                                         Men doing better            OECD average                 Women doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between men and women, defined as gender ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
4

Inequalities between age groups in Israel
Age ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
                                                       A. Younger and middle-aged people

                    Employment rate      // 0.55

                         Long-term
                  unemployment rate
                                                      0.74

                            Job strain                  0.76

                      Having a say in
                         government
                                                                           0.92

               Adult skills (numeracy)                                        0.96

                         Feeling safe                                               1.01

                       Social support                                                      1.04

                 Long working hours
                       (in paid work)
                                                                                                                           // 2.63

                                            Middle-aged people doing better       OECD average       Younger people doing better

                                                             B. Younger and older people

                     Employment rate        0.65

                            Job strain                  0.75

                          Feeling safe                                               1.00

                      Having a say in
                         government
                                                                                     1.01

                       Social support                                                       1.05

               Adult skills (numeracy)                                                      1.06

                         Long-term
                  unemployment rate
                                                                                                                    1.30

                  Long working hours
                        (in paid work)
                                                                                                                           // 2.61

                                               Older people doing better      OECD average         Younger people doing better

Note: Age ranges differ according to each indicator and are only broadly comparable. They generally refer to 15-24/29 years for young people,
25/30 to 45/50 years for the middle-aged and 50 years and over for older people. See How’s Life? 2020 for further details. Grey bubbles denote
no clear difference between age groups, defined as age ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

                                                                                                                 HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
5

Inequalities between people with different educational attainment in Israel
Education ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

              Job strain   // 0.29

         Having a say in
           government
                                     0.68

             Long-term
      unemployment rate
                                            0.75

        Employment rate                                 0.84

            Feeling safe                                       0.93

          Social support                                                 0.98

        Perceived health                                                 0.99

          People with tertiary education doing better     OECD average     People with upper secondary education doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between groups with different educational attainment, defined as education ratios within
0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
6

Inequalities between top and bottom performers in Israel
Vertical inequalities for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

           Household income of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%                          Share of wealth owned by the top 10%, percentage
12                                                                              90

                                                                                80
10
                                                                                70

 8                                                                              60
                                                                                                                  51.7
               6.5
                                                                                50
 6                                      5.4
                                                                                40

 4                                                                              30

                                                                                20
 2
                                                                                10

 0                                                                              0

           Earnings of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%,                           PISA score in science of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%
                           full-time employees                                    1.93
6                                                                               2

                                                                                                                      1.67
     4.9
5

4
                                  3.4

3                                                                               1

2

1

0                                                                               0

           Life satisfaction scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20%                    Satisfaction with time use scores of the top 20%
                                                                                                            relative to the bottom 20%
4                                                                                4

3                                                                                3                                       2.78

                                        2.1
2                                                                                2

1                                                                                1

0                                                                                0

Note: For all figures, countries are ranked from left (most unequal) to right (least unequal).

                                                                                                                     HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
7

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Israel - I

                                          Household income
                               (household net adjusted disposable income,    Average        No data available for Israel.
                                    USD at 2017 PPPs*, per capita)
        Income and Wealth

                                         Household wealth
                                                                             Average        No data available for Israel.
                                (median net wealth, USD at 2016 PPPs)

                                      S80/S20 income share ratio
                                 (the household income for the top 20%,
                                                                             Inequality
                                 divided by the household income for the
                                                                                                                ISR       OECD
                                               bottom 20%)                                                       6.5       5.4

                                          Housing affordability
                               (share of disposable income remaining after   Average        No data available for Israel.
                                              housing costs)
        Housing

                                          Overcrowding rate
                               (share of households living in overcrowded    Inequality     No data available for Israel.
                                              conditions)

                                          Employment rate
                               (employed people aged 25-64, as a share of    Average
                                                                                                          OECD            ISR
                                    the population of the same age)
                                                                                                           76.5           77.5
        Work and Job Quality

                                            Gender wage gap
                               (difference between male and female median    Inequality
                                                                                                  ISR                  OECD
                               wages expressed as a share of male wages)
                                                                                                  21.8                  12.9

                                       Long hours in paid work
                                (share of employees usually working 50+      Inequality
                                            hours per week)                                              ISR               OECD
                                                                                                         16.3                7

                                            Life expectancy
        Health

                                (number of years a newborn can expect to     Average
                                                  live)                                                           OECD           ISR
                                                                                                                   80.5          82.6

Note: The snapshot depicts data for 2018, or the latest available year, for each indicator. The colour of the circle indicates the direction of
change, relative to 2010, or the closest available year:       = consistent improvement,     = consistent deterioration,     = no clear trend,
and white for insufficient time series to determine trends. The OECD average is marked in black. For methodological details, see the Reader’s
Guide of How’s Life? 2020. * = Purchasing Power Parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
8

Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Israel - II
        Environmental Knowledge and

                                               Student skills in science
                          Skills

                                                                                      Average
                                                  (PISA mean scores)
                                                                                                                 ISR       OECD
                                                                                                                 462        489
           Quality

                                         Exposure to outdoor air pollution
                                                                                      Inequality
                                        (share of population > WHO threshold)
                                                                                                   ISR       OECD
                                                                                                   100        62.8

                                                   Life satisfaction
         Subjective Well-being

                                                                                      Average            No data available for Israel.
                                              (mean value on a 0-10 scale)

                                                Negative affect balance
                                      (share of population reporting more negative    Inequality
                                       than positive feelings and states yesterday)                               ISR          OECD
                                                                                                                   18           13

                                                       Homicides
                                                                                      Average
                                                (per 100 000 population)
                                                                                                                                           OECD   ISR
         Safety

                                                                                                                                            2.4    1.5

                                              Gender gap in feeling safe
                                       (percentage difference that women feel less    Inequality
                                       safe than men when walking alone at night)                                        OECD       ISR
                                                                                                                          -16      -13.3

                                                        Time off
      Work-life
      Balance

                                      (time allocated to leisure and personal care,   Average            No data available for Israel.
                                                     hours per day)

                                                  Social interactions
                                                                                      Average            No data available for Israel.
         Social Connections

                                                    (hours per week)

                                                 Lack of social support
                                      (share of people who report having no friends
                                                                                      Inequality
                                      or relatives whom they can count on in times                                              ISR    OECD
                                                       of trouble)                                                               9.3    8.6
      Engagement

                                                      Voter turnout
         Civic

                                                                                      Average
                                       (share of registered voters who cast votes)                         ISR          OECD
                                                                                                            67           69

Note: See note on page 7.

                                                                                                                        HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020
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