Invasive alien freshwater fish species in the Danube River Basin - implications for management - Prof. Marina Piria University of Zagreb, Faculty ...
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Invasive alien freshwater fish species in
the Danube River Basin – implications
for management
Prof. Marina Piria
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture,
Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
E-mail: mpiria@agr.hr
Introduction
• In the last more than 100 years Danube River basin is under
huge pressure by IAFS introductions, which began in the 19th
century, continued by today.
• the potential for aquatic species to expand their ranges in
Europe has been enhanced because of:
– the construction of new canals
– increased international trade.
• A complex network of inland waterways now connects some
previously isolated catchments in southern Europe (e.g.
Caspian, Azov, Black, Mediterranean seas) and these
waterways act as corridors for nonnative species invasions.
• The Danube River is part of the Southern Invasive Corridor
which links the Black Sea with the North Sea basin via the
Danube-Main-Rhine waterway including the Main-Danube
Canal.
• As a result, the river is exposed to high potential pressures
from biological invasions.
• Thus, the Danube River is part of one of the main routes for
the migration of aquatic organisms in Europe, including non-
native species.
• JDS is conducted every 6 years
• JDS3 found that Danubian fish are
heavily influenced by non-native
species which were found in all
habitats
• the most numerous (5) were fish
species that are non-native for the
Middle and Upper Danube and of
Ponto-Caspian origin. Species of
Asian (4 taxa) and North American
origin (3 taxa) were also recorded
• the proportion of alien species to
the total fish catch increased from
19.9% to 24.95% from 2007 to 2013
• In total, 20 non-indigenous fish species were identified in the Danube (Zorić et al., 2014). • Their contribution to the species richness of European ichthyofauna is about 8% • one more species identified (hybrid bass) – Safner et al., 2013 • In the Danube river Basin 41 species were identified • 37 species introduced in tributaries • 17 % - contribution to the species richness of European ichthyofauna
Asia
Recorded
Common Danube Vector/path
Species name in Danube Danube River Status
Name tributaries way
basin
Pseudorasbora parva
topmouth
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 1970s +/W + /W UN N
gudgeon
Carassius auratus
goldfish 19th century + /M +?/R OR; UN N
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Carassius gibelio
gibel carp Late 1950 + /W +/W UN (AQ/AN) N
(Bloch, 1782)
Carassius langsdorfii
Gin-buna carp 2012 +/R ? AQ/AN N
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Ctenopharyngodon idella
grass carp
(Valenciennes, 1844) 1960s +/W +/W AQ/BC N/A
Hypophthalamichthys molitrix
silver carp
(Valenciennes, 1848) 1960s +/M +M AQ/BC A/N
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
AQ/BC
(Richardson, 1845) bighead carp 1960s +/W +/M A/N
Mylopharyngodon piceus
+ R(BG and
(Richardson, 1845) black carp 1960s - AQ/AN A
Slo)
Perccottus glenii (Dybowsky, 1877) Chinese
2000s +/W +/M UN N/U
sleeper
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).
North America
Recorded in
Common Danube Danube
Species name Danube Pathway Status
Name tributaries River
basin
Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820)
black bullhead 1905 +/W +/W AQ/AN N
Ameiurus nebulosus (LeSueur, 1819)
brown bullhead 1905 +/W +/W AQ/AN N
Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 eastern 2000 (termal
+R - UN N
mosquitofish waters)
2nd half of
Ictalurus punctatus
channel catfish 20th century +/R - AQ A
(Rafinesque, 1818)
(BG)
Ictiobus bubalus smallmouth
1977 BG +/R - AQ U
( Rafinesque, 1818) buffalo
Ictiobus cyprinellus
bigmouth buffalo 1977 BG +/R - AQ U
(Valenciennes, 1844)
Ictiobus niger
black buffalo 1977 BG +/R - AQ U
(Rafinesque, 1819)
Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758 OR; UN
pumpkinseed 1930 +/W +/W N
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).
North America
Recorded in Danube Danube
Species name Common Name Pathway Status
Danube basin tributaries River
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)
Largemouth bass 1980s +/M +/R AQ/AN/UN N
Morone chrysops × wiper/sunshine
2010 - +/R AQ U
Morone saxatilis bass hybrid
Oncorhynchus mykiss
rainbow trout 1900s +/M ? AQ/AN A/N
(Walbaum, 1792)
Mississippi
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)
paddlefish 2006 - +/R AQ/UN U
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815) brook trout AQ/AN
1900? +/R - A/U/N
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).
Eastern and Western Europe
Common Recorded in Danube Danube
Species name Pathway Status
Name Danube basin tributaries River
Siberian
Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 2016 +/M ? AN A
sturgeon
Babka gymnotrachelus
racer goby 1991 +/W +/W UN N
(Kessler, 1857)
Neogobius fluviatilis
(Pallas, 1811) monkey goby 1977 +/W +/W UN N
Neogobius melanostomus
round goby +/W +/W UN N
Pallas, 1811 1997
Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) bighead goby 1977 +/W +/W UN N
Proterorhinus semilunaris Heckel, 1837 tubenose goby 1977 +/W +/W UN N
Syngnathus abaster
short-snouted
1998 - +/R UN N
pipefish
Risso, 1826
Silurus aristotelis Aristotle's
2000s (BG) +/R - AQ U
Garman, 1890 catfish
Gasterosteus aculeatus three-spined
Linnaeus, 1758 stickleback 1995 +/M +/W OR N
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).
Northern Europe
Common Recorded in Danube Danube
Species name Pathway Status
Name Danube basin tributaries River
Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)
European
1970s +R -- AQ N
whitefish
Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789)
peled 1970s +R - AQ N
Salmo salar Atlantic
2010 +/R - UN U
Linnaeus, 1758 salmon
Salvelinus alpinus
Arctic char 1940s +/R - AN A*/N
(Linnaeus, 1758)
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).
South America
Common Recorded in Danube Danube
Species name Pathway Status
Name Danube basin tributaries River
Piaractus brachypomus
(Cuvier, 1818)
pirapatinga 2010 +/R - OR U
Pterygoplichthys pardalis
(Castelnau, 1855)
spotted sailfin
2009 - +/R OR U
catfish
Poecilia reticulata
Peters, 1859
guppy UN +/R - OR U/N
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).Africa
Danube
Recorded in Danube
Species name Common Name tributari Pathway Status
Danube basin River
es
Clarias gariepinus
(Burchell, 1822)
North African
1997 +/R - AQ; AN A*
catfish
Oreochromis niloticus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Nile tilapia 2008 +/R - OR/AQ A*
Oreochromis mossambicus
(Peters, 1852) Mozambique tilapia
2000s +/R - AQ U
suspected pathways (AQ, aquaculture; OR, ornamental; AN, angling or bait fish; BC, biological control; UN, unintentional); current status (A,
acclimatized; N, naturalized; A*, acclimatized only in restricted areas); current distribution and prevalence (W, widespread; R, restricted; M,
moderate; U, unknown).Alien species – impact on fisheries
Bream kg
5,000.00
4,000.00
3,000.00
kg
2,000.00
1,000.00
0.00
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Godina
bream /per fisherman
600
from 2004 to 2011
400
kg
200
0
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Godina
5000
4500
4000
non-
3500 native
3000 species
2500
kg
2000 bream
1500 y = -289.78x + 585938
1000 y = 86.027x - 172580
500
0
2008 2010 2012 year 2014 2016 2018
• Total catch (kg) bream and non-native species (Sava river)Challenges - management of IAS
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube
River (ICPDR) acknowledges
IAS have become a major concern for the Danube River and their
further classification, analysis and management are vital for effective
river basin management.
EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) – launched 2011 - IAS
one major threat to biodiversity of the Danube Region.
one of the targets of the EUSDR as defined in Priority Area 06
reads: “By 2020:
Invasive Alien Species and their pathways are identified and
prioritized,
priority species are controlled or eradicated,
and pathways are managed to prevent the introduction and
establishment of new IAS.” only possible effective management actions when the fish is newly introduced and spatially constrained. Management efforts can be made toward to control their distribution and dispersal in the environment which reducing their impacts on native species and ecosystems. Standardization of methods for data collection and usage, and best practices can improve the efficiency and speed of efforts against IAFS.
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)
the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) and the Danube Region
Invasive Alien Species Network (DIAS) acknowledges that further data
collection and analysis, and cooperation are vital for effective Danube River
basin management.
Proposed actions of the EUSDR and DIAS for alien species (AS) introduced
into Danube River basin include:
1. assessing the impact on the ecosystem;
2. identification of environmentally friendly ways to control AS
development
3. controlling and limiting the spread, dispersal and impact of AS;
4. prioritization of river basins based on impact of AS;
5. promoting research to identify ecologically sound ways to keep AS
populations under control or eliminate them;
6. development of regional network within the Danube River Basin dealing
with AS;
7. establishment of monitoring, early detection and warning systems,
8. development of cost-efficient and realistic approaches for management
and restoration of habitats
9. raising public awareness about the threat of alien species.Conclusions and recommendations international cooperation and common legislation is of paramount importance to the effective management of IAFS, which in the Danube Region lacking up today. a need to improve the dialogue between scientists and environmental managers / stakeholders harmonization of legal regulations better conservation actions for endemic and other native species should be implemented further restocking and dispersal of non-native species should be suppressed Encourage - farming native fish species and native strains for food and restocking Citizen science projects
Thank you for your attention
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