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IRELAND SNAPSHOT - Colliers International
IRELAND
SNAPSHOT
AUGUST | 2020
IRELAND SNAPSHOT - Colliers International
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                                                         ECONOMY
                                                                           The Irish economy is moving in line with other             An additional EU wide €750 billion recovery fund was
                                                                           advanced economies and poised for a ‘V’ shaped             approved on July 21st along with the €1.1 trillion 2021
                                                                           recovery already evident in Irish purchasing manager       – 2027 EU Budget. On July 23rd, Dublin approved a
                 August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International

                                                                                                                                                                                                 August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
                                                                                                                                                                                                 Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International
                                                                           indices. The Irish composite PMI fell to 17.3 in April     new €5.2 billion domestic stimulus package including
                                                                           before recovering to 25.7 in May and 44.3 in June.         extension of employment protection schemes to
                                                                           Further improvement was recorded in July in line with      March 2021, a 2% VAT reduction, an increase in
                                                                           the Eurozone as a whole (54.9) with the Irish PMI          Help to Buy supports from a 5% (€20k) limit to
                                                                           (55.9) suggesting economic growth for the first time       10% (€30k). This supplements the €2 billion Credit
                                                                           since February. Total claimants on the combined Live       Guarantee Scheme. Aside from second wave virus
                                                                           Register, the PUP and TWS scheme fell by 87,999            concerns, risks include Brexit and EU tax initiatives.
                                                                           in April to 922,696. This is down by over 20% since        Nevertheless, the latest GDP forecasts (Oxford
                                                                           the peak of 1,177,937 in April. Like the PMI data, this    Economics, July) show a tech sector insulated Ireland
                                                                           data also suggest a rebound as pandemic restrictions       outperforming the G7 with annual growth averaging
                                                                           continue to be eased and people return to work. The        1.9% though 2024.
                                                                           financial environment remains supportive.

                                                                           Colliers view: Ireland will outperform G7 economies over the next 5 years with annual growth of 1.9%.
                                                                           The key downside risks are a ‘second viral wave’, Brexit and EU tax reform.

                                                         INVESTMENT MARKETS
                                                                           A phenomenal end to 2019 with momentum carried             border investor demand may explain the stability of
                                                                           over into Q1 has given way to a pandemic induced           the Irish market. Offices re-asserted its position as
                                                                           decrease in transactional activity in Q2. Nevertheless,    the most sought after sector attracting some €260
                                                                           the ‘Covid-19 Quarter’ saw €430 million in investment      million in capital, followed by Hotels (€65 million) and
                                                                           with another €650 million of unfinished business           PRS/residential (€64.5 million) and Industrial (€27
                                                                           going into Q3. Though much reduced compared to             million). Cross border investors continue to dominate
                                                                           recent quarters, this level falls in the range of normal   with a 75%+ market share in Q2 and include German
                                                                           quarterly volatility. Hence, Q2 volumes, though            (DEKA, GLL), French (Corum) and UK (M7) investors.
                                                                           reduced, belie the formidable pandemic impact on           Likewise, KanAM (German) and Amundi (French)
                                                                           the general Irish economy. Given unlocking and             are reported to have another €230 million in deals
                                                                           improved access to assets for inspections, increased       pending.
                                                                           volumes are expected in Q3. Despite domestic Brexit
                                                                           worries, Ireland remains in the cross-hairs. Cross

                                                         TOP FIVE DEALS Q2           LOCATION                     SECTOR                   PRICE ACHIEVED              BUYER

                                                         Bishop’s Square             Dublin 2                     Office                   €181.6 million (4.01%)      GLL (German)

                                                         Clayton Hotel, Char-        Dublin 2                     Hotel                    €65 million (4.25%)         DEKA (German)
                                                         lemont

                                                         Off-Market                  Dublin                       PRS                      €51 million (n/a)           P&C

                                                         Riverside One               Dublin 2                     Offices                  €37.5 million (n/a)         IPUT (Domestic)

                                                         Off-Market                  M50                          Industrial               €20.7 million (n/a)         M7 (UK)
IRELAND SNAPSHOT - Colliers International
4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    5

                                                         Retail: Retail sector activity remains very limited.      all retail and mixed use assets amounted to a modest
                                                         Most retail assets that traded in Q2 were part of         €12 million. The appetite for retail and leisure assets is   FIGURE 1:              Eurozone           UK               US              Ireland          China
                                                         larger mixed use schemes generally limited in value.      limited, given their direct exposure to pandemic risks.      COMPOSITE PMI
                                                                                                                                                                                INDEX            60
                                                         A private investor purchased a unit in Smithfield         Yields continue to rise, a trend that began over a year
                                                         (16,191 sq ft) with Fresh on the ground floor and         ago with shopping centres and retail warehouses.
                                                         Brown Bag offices above with a WAULT of 13+ years         Even prime central Dublin yields have been buffeted.                          50
                 August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International
                                                         for €4.6 million at a 6.47% IY. Generally, food and       Nevertheless, the transactional tide may begin turning
                                                         convenience good stores have remained of interest         in Q3 as Hammerson, which has been under financial
                                                                                                                                                                                                 40
                                                         given more resilient trading against both the pandemic    pressure, may offer the sale of a share in Dundrum
                                                         and e-commerce. In Q2 the total transactional value of    Town Centre shopping centre.
                                                                                                                                                                                                 30
                                                          SELECTED RETAIL TRANSACTIONS                                   VALUE                      YIELDS

                                                          Fresh, Smithfield                                              €4.6m                      6.47% (Dublin)                               20

                                                                                                                                                                                                 10
                                                         Offices: Office yields remained stable in the early       demand for prime assets. GLL (Germany) purchased
                                                         part of the pandemic with Central Dublin office yields    Bishops Square at 4.01% NIY reflecting this demand.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  0
                                                         compressing by 4 bps and provincial offices rising by     Furthermore, 28 Fitzwilliam Street is reported to
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Dec-19        Jan-20       Feb-20        Mar-20        Apr-20        May-20      Jun-20         Jul-20
                                                         2 bps in Q1 (MSCI). Over the course of Q2, demand         be under offer to Amundi (France) for €170 million
                                                         conditions remained favourable despite the pandemic,      at a sub 4% NIY. Brexit concerns are returning as
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Source: IHS Markit, Trading Economics
                                                         the economic shutdown and reduced transactions.           pandemic fears moderate, but transactional evidence
                                                         Nevertheless, yields slipped outwards by 4 bps in         shows that Brexit may be supporting investor interest
                                                         Q2 and by a more substantial 18 bps for provincial        in Dublin, especially as comparative prime office yields
                                                         offices. Colliers data suggests that prime yields were    in Eurozone remain extraordinarily low.
                                                         generally stable reflecting ongoing steady cross border

                                                          SELECTED OFFICE TRANSACTIONS                                  VALUE                       YIELDS

                                                          Bishops Square (Q2)                                           €181.6m                     4.01% (Dublin 2)

                                                          28 Fitzwilliam Street (pending)                               €170m                       Sub-4% (Dublin2)

                                                          Riverside One                                                 €37.5m                      N/A (Dublin 2)
                                                                                                                                                                                FIGURE 2:             Feb forecast            July forecast
                                                                                                                                                                                ANNUALISED GDP
                                                                                                                                                                                FORECASTS 2019   3%
                                                                                                                                                                                TO 2024

                                                                                                                                                                                                             1.9%
                                                         Industrial: Like other sectors, Irish industrial market   share of the 240,000 sq ft warehouse in 2014. Yield                           2%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1.4%
                                                         transaction volumes remain subdued in Q2. Total           evidence remains thin although a reasonable amount

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.2%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1.1%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1.0%
                                                         transaction volume in Q2 amounted to €27 million,         of product is on the market in Q3, valued at around

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0.8%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0.6%
                                                                                                                                                                                                 1%
                                                         including M7’s off-market purchase of a 18 unit           €6.3 million (excluding numerous off-market deals)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0.1%
                                                         portfolio across the M50 for a reported €20.7 million     with yields ranging from 5.7% in Dublin (mix of vacant
                                                         and IPUT’s acquisition from Aviva of the remaining        and tenanted units) to 11.5% in Waterford (detached                           0%
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Ireland        US        Advanced         UK           France      Germany       Japan        Italy
                                                         50% stake in Unit D, KiIcarberry Distribution Park        68,500 sq ft unit). Until more new build projects and
                                                         for €5.8m at 5.40% NIY. The acquisition gives IPUT        stock is added to the market, a substantial increase in
                                                         full ownership, having acquired the original 50%          transactional activity will remain restrained.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Source: Oxford Economics, February & July 2020

                                                          SELECTED INDUSTRIAL TRANSACTIONS                               VALUE                      YIELDS

                                                          Unit D, Kilcarberry Distribution Park (50%)                    €5.8m                      5.40% (Dublin)

                                                          Portfolio (18 units)                                           €20.7m                     N/A (M50)
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                                                                                                                                                                               FIGURE 3:                                                 1 Quarter     1 Year
                                                                                                                                                                               EQUIVALENT YIELD
                                                                                                                                                                               SHIFTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Industrial - SE Dublin

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Office - Central Dublin
                 August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Industrial - SW Dublin

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Industrial - North Dublin

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Retail Warehouse

                                                                                                                                                                                                     Retail - Other City Centre

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Retail - Shopping Centre

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Retail - Grafton Street

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Retail - Henry/Mary Street

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Retail - Provincial

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Office - Rest of Dublin

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Office - Provincial

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               -0.5%             0%        0.5%                 1%             1.5%

                                                         Alternatives / Other: The alternative sectors               in Dublin 18 might attest. The deal was agreed at a
                                                         continue to see steady, if reduced, activity in Q2, led     reported yield of 5.28%. Likewise, Kennedy Wilson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Source: MSCI Quarterly Index, Q2
                                                         by the sale of the Charlemont Hotel (187 beds) in           (US), after completing the Clancy Quay rental scheme,
                                                         Dublin 2 for €65 million to DEKA/Dalata (German/            the largest private sector PRS development in Ireland,
                                                         Irish) at an unconfirmed headline 4.25% IY. Hotel           has launched a new $2 billion debt platform targeting
                                                         yields tend to be very asset specific, but a general        Irish, UK and US real estate. Also in Q2, a €1.75
                                                                                                                                                                               FIGURE 4:                 May-20              Jun-20
                                                         softening of prime assets of between +25bps to              million Medical Centre was sold to a private investor
                                                                                                                                                                               RETAIL SALES
                                                         +100bps depending on location and quality is generally      at 8.4% IY in Cork. Another four primary care assets      GROWTH IN 3 MONTHS     100%
                                                         recognised. The second largest deal was a €51 million       are understood to be under offer in Q3 for €4.1 million   TO END MAY/JUNE
                                                         off-market PRS deal in Dublin. Ireland continues to         at 8.4% IY. No new student housing sales have been
                                                         benefit from an estimated €7 billion in institutional       reported in Q2 after a busy few quarters, but the                                                                                     54%
                                                                                                                                                                                                      50%
                                                         capital targeting PRS/BTR projects (Investec). Dublin       appetite for these and other alternative assets remains
                                                         remains the focal point for this activity as the recently   strong.
                                                         agreed €130 million forward funding of 295 units                                                                                                       15%                15%         12%                                           18%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0%
                                                                                                                                                                                                       -0%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -27%                                         -26%
                                                          SELECTED ALTERNATIVES/OTHER TRANSACTIONS                        VALUE                      YIELDS

                                                          Clayton Hotel                                                   €65m                       4.25% (Dublin 2)                                 -50%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             -31%                     -78%                 -55%
                                                          PRS forward funding                                             €130m                      5.28% (Dublin 18)

                                                          Medical Centre                                                  €1.75m                     8.4% (Cork)
                                                                                                                                                                                                     -100%                                                            -91%
                                                         Colliers view: Investment in Irish property is subdued, but activity levels suggest sustained demand. Look for
                                                         a substantial uptick in Q3, unless another lockdown occurs.
                                                                                                                                                                                                     -150%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Food       Non-food      Household   Text, cloth        Bars          All Retail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        & foot

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Source: Central Statistics Office
8                                                                                                                                                                                           9

                                                      OCCUPIER MARKETS
Q2 2018 | South East Offices | United Kingdom
Research & Forecast Report | Colliers International

                                                       Retail      Like other pandemic affected economies, consumer           sales performance improved and volumes are up by

                                                                                                                                                                                         August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
                                                                                                                                                                                         Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International
                                                                   spending and the physical retail sector has been hit       3.6% y/y as Phase 3 of the unlocking began. Store
                                                                   hardest. Retail sales fell by 11% y/y in March, followed   closures have included Debenhams, Laura Ashley,
                                                                   by a 44% y/y collapse in April and another severe fall     Monsoon, Mothercare and others already impacted by
                                                                   of 26% y/y in May as a phased reopening of shops           e-commerce. These closures will impact further on
                                                                   salvaged some performance. Comparison goods                retail rents which have been on a weakening growth
                                                                   suffered the most, convenience goods fared better          trend since 2017. In the year to end June, rents fell
                                                                   and food sales volumes increased, up by 15% over           by 2.1%. Despite the June re-openings and various
                                                                   the three months to the end of May, in contrast to         landlord concessions, the die appears to be cast for
                                                                   the retail sector as a whole which fell by 26%. June       further rental reductions.
                                                                   Colliers view: The rental tenor of high streets including prime districts is set to change as new entrants and
                                                                   formats begin to replace traditional household names.

                                                       Offices     Ireland’s pre-pandemic services PMI reached 59.9 in        Hence, the outlook for the rest of 2020 and into 2021
                                                                   February, collapsed to 13.9 in April and rebounded         looks positive as stalled demand recovers. The City
                                                                   to 39.7 in June - a classic, if incomplete ‘V’ shape.      Centre vacancy rate remains low at 6% and significant
                                                                   Despite June’s modest rebound, overall take-up in          increases in sublease space is not apparent.
                                                                   Q2 fell to a record low of 75,000 sq ft across 12          Furthermore, over half of stock under construction
                                                                   deals focused (85%) on Central Dublin. Given strong        is pre-committed. Given these market dynamics,
                                                                   Q1 take-up of 1,150,000 sq ft, the total for H1 20         little evidence of significant change in office rents is
                                                                   compares favourably to H1 19, but Q2 take-up was           apparent. Prime quoting rents remain at €65 psf in
                                                                   down by around 90% against Q1 reflecting the full          the CBD and €32.50 psf in the suburbs. Transactions
                                                                   impact of the lockdown and the inability to complete       of note in Q2 include: 3M Digital’s pre-let of 24,000
                                                                   transactions, as well as a general ‘wait and see’          sq ft at 2 Cumberland Place (construction delayed),
                                                                   approach by many prospective tenants. The tech,            Amyrt Pharma taking 8,200 sq ft at 45 Mespil Road
                                                                   pharma and financial sectors are still active among        and Unity Technologies agreement for 7,600 sq ft at
                                                                   others and in total around 700,000 sq ft of space was      33 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay.
                                                                   reserved across 44 deals going into Q3.
                                                                   Colliers view: A pipeline of delayed deals and outstanding requirements will produce stronger take-up in H2.

                                                      Industrial   Irish industrial activity held up much better than         particularly for larger-sized units which can only be
                                                                   the services sector over the lockdown. June’s              accommodated through design & build. The shortage
                                                                   manufacturing PMI reading confirmed a recovery             has been aggravated by construction site shutdowns.
                                                                   back to February’s pre-pandemic level (51.0) and           Nevertheless, new design & build and speculative
                                                                   July showed an acceleration of activity (57.3). From a     schemes are once again in the works, but even if
                                                                   commercial property perspective, the logistics sector      delivered at pace, will not change in the short term
                                                                   has seen a steady transactional flow throughout the        the fundamental supply/demand imbalance and rental
                                                                   lockdown, partly due to ecommerce, with numerous           tone. Hence, unlike other commercial segments, the
                                                                   short-term requirements arising from the retail sector     pandemic has supported rents. MSCI reported that
                                                                   and final mile delivery operators, and partly due to       despite the March lockdown rental growth accelerated
                                                                   ongoing planning for year-end Brexit contingencies.        modestly by 0.4% q/q in Q1 and remained stable in
                                                                   The largest deal in Q2 was a 140,000 sq ft letting         Q2 showing positive growth of 0.1% q/q. Interestingly,
                                                                   in Park West Industrial Park, Dublin 12 to Silent-         M7 Real Estate, having assembled a significant Irish
                                                                   Aire, an engineering company specialising in data          industrial and logistics portfolio over the last three
                                                                   centre cooling. This was followed by a 70,267 sq           years, has taken a lease on offices in Dublin 4 for
                                                                   ft let in Northwest Business Park to the logistics         own occupation. An acceleration in industrial space
                                                                   operator GLS. Rental levels reflect this steady            development looks increasingly likely.
                                                                   demand, but also the endemic lack of quality space,

                                                                   Colliers view: The industrial sector will continue to weather the pandemic better than other sectors. Look for
                                                                   increased development to support ecommerce and for Brexit planning.
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       11

                                                                                                                                                                                               FIGURE 5:              Retail               Office              Industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                               RENTAL GROWTH
                                                                                                                                                                                                               15%
                                                            Hotel        Overall activity across the sector has been in             tourism which accounts for 70% of hotel stays is not
                                                                         abeyance given that hotels were among those sectors        likely to recover quickly, despite possible relaxation                     10%
                 August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      August 2020 | Ireland Snapshot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Research & Forecasting Report | Colliers International
                                                                         in the direct line of fire from the pandemic lockdown.     of travel with the publication of ‘green lists’. So far,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                5%
                                                                         In June, Dublin and Provincial RevPAR was down             domestic tourists are also showing reluctance to use
                                                                         by over 90% y/y at between €10.00 to €11.00 with           hotels which has given rise to tax breaks to support                        0%
                                                                         occupancy rates at less than 15%. Occupancy has            an Irish holiday at home scheme. Conditions will
                                                                         improved in July, but remains low at between 35%           improve over the course of H2 20, but operators as a                       -5%
                                                                         to 40%. Aggregate earnings for the tourist sector as       whole, whether domestic or international-facing, are
                                                                                                                                                                                                               -10%
                                                                         a whole is expected to fall this year by at least 75%      resting hopes on further government support. Despite
                                                                         amounting to a €7 billion shortfall. The tourism sector    a chronic shortage of hotels in Dublin, new hotel
                                                                                                                                                                                                               -15%
                                                                         employs over 10% of the Irish workforce. International     developments will have difficulty finding funding.                            Jun-00              Jun-04          Jun-08                Jun-12                Jun-16                  Jun-20

                                                                         Colliers view: Hotel sector recovery, both domestic and international facing, will be linked to pandemic
                                                                         progress and enhanced support from the Irish government, but a significant upturn may await St Patrick’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Source: IPD Quarterly Digest, Q2
                                                                         Day (March 2021) - the traditional start of the Irish tourist season.

                                                         Residential Prior to the pandemic and lockdown, residential                falls of between 5% to 10% is anticipated in the sub
                                                                         property price growth was showing signs of greater         €300,000 mass market, there is yet little statistical
                                                                         stability after a long period of gradual cooling. In       evidence. However, transaction volumes have
                                                                         February, all property growth fell to a sustainable        changed dramatically. Transactions fell from a peak
                                                                         1.0% y/y national rate. Outside of Dublin, growth          of 6,846 in December 2019 to 2,829 in May, a 60%
                                                                         registered 2.2% y/y and in Dublin it was flat at 0.0%      decrease. Clearly, supports for the housing market in      FIGURE 6:                  All (ex-Dublin)                 Dublin
                                                                         y/y. The pandemic has not changed these pricing            the government’s stimulus package were no surprise         RESIDENTIAL
                                                                         dynamics greatly. By May, the annual rate of growth        given the role that housing plays in supporting the
                                                                                                                                                                                               PRICE GROWTH    30%
                                                                         nationally was 0.3% y/y, outside of Dublin 0.7%y/y         consumer part of the economy.                                                         per annum growth
                                                                         and in Dublin -0.1% y/y. While an expectation of price
                                                                                                                                                                                                               20%
                                                                         Colliers view: House prices remain stable, but activity has slowed dramatically. Until activity normalizes,
                                                                         price movement will be hard to predict. Look for continued government stimulus to restore market churn.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                10%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                0%

                                                                                                                                                                                                               -10%

                                                                                                                                                                                                               -20%

                                                                                                                                                                                                               -30%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  May-12

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      May-14

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             May-16

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      May-17

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      May-18

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 May-19

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             May-20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   May-15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             May-13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         May-11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Source: Central Statistical Office
FOR MORE INFORMATION

Declan Stone                                                                                               HOTELS AND LEISURE CONSULTANT
Managing Director
                                                                                                           Weldon Mather
declan.stone@colliers.com
                                                                                                           Head of Hotels & Leisure | Valuation & Advisory
+353 1 633 3732
                                                                                                           weldon.mather@colliers.com
                                                                                                           +353 86 868 4441
CAPITAL MARKETS

Michele McGarry                                                                                            ADVISORY SERVICES
Director
                                                                                                           Emmett Page
michele.mcgarry@colliers.com
                                                                                                           Director
+353 1 633 3738
                                                                                                           emmett.page@colliers.com
                                                                                                           +353 1 633 3725
BUSINESS SPACE

Nick Coveney                                                                                               RESIDENTIAL
Director
                                                                                                           Marcus Magnier
nick.coveney@colliers.com
                                                                                                           Director
+353 1 633 3736
                                                                                                           marcus.magnier@colliers.com
                                                                                                           +353 1 633 3785
Paul Finucane
Director
                                                                                                           RESEARCH & FORECASTING
paul.finucane@colliers.com
+353 1 633 3724                                                                                            Walter Boettcher
                                                                                                           Head of Research and Economics
RETAIL                                                                                                     walter.boettcher@colliers.com
                                                                                                           +44 20 7344 6581
Aiden McDonnell
Consultant
aiden.mcdonnell@colliers.com
+353 1 633 3722

                                                                                                                                   Hambleden House
This report gives information based primarily on Colliers International data, which may be helpful in anticipating trends in the
property sector. However, no warranty is given as to the accuracy of, and no liability for negligence is accepted in relation      19-26 Pembroke Street Lower
to, the forecasts, figures or conclusions contained in this report and they must not be relied on for investment or any other
purposes. This report does not constitute and must not be treated as investment or valuation advice or an offer to buy or
                                                                                                                                   Dublin
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