LTE Advanced-Evolving and expanding in to new frontiers - August 2014
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August 2014
LTE Advanced—Evolving
and expanding in to new
frontiers
1
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
Brings carrier aggregation and Extends benefits of LTE to
1 its evolution – led by Qualcomm
Technologies
3 unlicensed spectrum
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Expands LTE in to new frontiers
2 Further gains with enhanced
receivers
4 – device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
2
LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements
F1
Leverage wider bandwidth LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
Carrier Up to
Higher
data rates
LTE Carrier #3
100 MHz
Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers, LTE Carrier #4
aggregation
multiple bands, and across licensed and LTE Carrier #5
(bps)
unlicensed spectrum
Leverage more antennas Higher spectral
MIMO efficiency
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User (bps/Hz)
MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4
Leverage HetNets Higher spectral
efficiency per
With advanced interference coverage area
management (FeICIC/IC) (bps/Hz/km2)
Small Cell Range Expansion
3
Carrier Aggregation rapidly
expanding and evolving—led
by Qualcomm
4
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience
Up to 20 MHz LTE Carrier #1
Up to 20 MHz LTE Carrier #2
Up to 20 MHz LTE Carrier #3
Aggregated Up to
100 MHz
Data Pipe
Up to 20 MHz LTE Carrier #4
Up to 20 MHz LTE Carrier #5
Higher user data rates and More capacity for typical Leverages all
Higher peak data rates
lower latencies for all users ‘bursty’ usage1 spectrum assets
1The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
5
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
Typical bursty
Burst Rate Carrier aggregation capacity gain
smartphone applications (normalized)
6
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
You 5
Tube
User experience
Skype
4
3
Pandora
2
Partially
loaded
carriers Capacity gain can exceed 2x
1 (for same user experience)1
Data bursts
0
Idle time 0 63 6
12 9
18 12
24 15
30
Load
(Mbps)
1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
6
Carrier aggregation gaining momentum – Led by Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc.
9x35
8974
LTE Advanced 9x25 LTE Advanced
LTE Advanced (Cat6)
(Cat4)
World’s 1st LTE Advanced LTE Advanced Cat 6
carrier aggregation (300 Mbps)
(Launched Jun 2013) (Announced Nov 2013)
150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4) 300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)
10 + 10 MHz in downlink 20 + 20 MHz in downlink
QTI’s 3rd generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem QTI’s 4th generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation 7
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE
New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution
4th Generation LTE modem One chip, all carrier
aggregation combinations
40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz) Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA
300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6) 4th generation LTE transceiver
FDD/TDD Support 1st 28nm RF
1st 20nm modem ~3x* more CA band combinations
HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation
Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier
aggregation
Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
8
Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation
QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning
~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP
Japan
China B11 + B18
North America Europe B39 + B41 B3 + B28
B1 + B7 B1 + B8 Requirements:
B3 + B7 B1 + B18
B4 + B17 Contiguous B38 700-2700 MHz
B3 + B20 B1 + B19
B4 + B13 Contiguous B7
B7 + B20 B1 + B21 Inter-Band CA
B4 + B12 Contiguous B3
B8 + B20 B1 + B26 Intra-Band CA
B5 + B12 Contiguous 40
B2 + B17 Non Contiguous 41 B3 + B19 Wider Bandwidth
B4 + B5 Contiguous B39 B19 + B21 TDD CA
B5 + B17 Contiguous B1
FDD CA
B4 + B7
B2 + B5 South Korea
B2 + B29
B4 + B29 South America Australia
B3 + B8
B2 + B4
Contiguous B41
B1 + B5 RFFE
B3 + B5
B2 + B13
Non Contiguous B7
B3 + B8
B3 + B26 +
B23 + B29 B3 + B28
B2 + B12
B8 + B26 Modem
Non Contiguous B3
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous 41
Non Contiguous B4
Non Contiguous B25
Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations
9
Advanced multiple antenna
techniques for more capacity
10More antennas—large gain from receive diversity
Downlink
1.8x 4x4 MIMO
4 Way LARGE GAIN,
Diversity, 1.7x Receive
Diversity NO STANDARDS OR
MIMO (+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
NETWORK IMPACT
1x 2 x 2 MIMO
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
NodeB Device Relative spectral efficiency
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD, 11
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMOLeverage fiber backhaul installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience
Coordinated scheduling Coordinated beamforming
Remote Radio
Head (RRH) Macro
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH
Central
processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
12
Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplinkIt’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
2.8X
with Range Expansion
LTE Advanced
LTE R8
1.4X
1X
LTE R8
Small Cell Range Expansion Macro Macro+ Macro+
(FeICIC/IC) Only 4 Picos 4 Picos
Data rate improvement2
Higher capacity, network load balancing,
enhanced user experience, user fairness
1Byapplying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced time-
domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink 13Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced
interference management (FeICIC/IC)
~37X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~21XSMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
~11X SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
~6X SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+4 Small +8 Small +16 Small +32 Small SMALL CELL
Cells Cells Cells Cells SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells added1
LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel) 14LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers
Further Aggregated
improving LTE
Data Pipe
Advanced Evolving carrier Further More advanced antenna Higher capacity for
aggregation Enhanced HetNets features and 256 QAM Machine-to-machine and
Smartphone signaling
Enhanced
Receivers
for superior
performance Device
Interference cancellation
Rel. 12 & beyond
New 700MHz
to 3.8GHz
~3.5 GHz
Frontiers / ASA
LTE Advanced in LTE Broadcast LTE Direct for Higher bands & new
unlicensed spectrum going beyond mobile device to device licensing models
(Authorized Shared Access)
15Carrier aggregation evolution,
Enhanced Hetnets
16LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve
Leveraging all spectrum assets
Across cells (Multiflow)
(Supported in Rel. 12)
FDD/TDD Aggregation Across licensed/ unlicensed
(Supported in Rel. 12) (Specific band combinations to be defined)
Traditional ASA/LSA Unlicensed
Paired Unpaired Licensed Licensed (LTE)
Anchor
3GPP continually defines
band combinations
Aggregated
Data Pipe
17MultiFlow – Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across
macros and small cells
Small cell “Booster” Macro “Anchor”
Macro
Improved offload Higher cell-edge Robust
to small cells data rates mobility
18Further enhancing HetNets performance
User deployed 3G/4G Operator deployed 3G/4G
Typically indoor small cells Indoor/outdoor small cells1
4G Relays
& Wireless
Backhaul
ENTERPRISE
RESIDENTIAL
METRO
Multiflow—Improve Enhanced device LTE in unlicensed LTE/Wi-Fi tight
offload to small cells receiver spectrum interworking
Dual-cell connectivity Data channel interference Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with Converged small cells
across cells cancellation for even more gain unified LTE network & small cells with LTE & Wi-Fi
1 Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets 19Enhanced receivers for superior
LTE Advanced performance
20Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity
Interference Cancellation Interference Rel. 10/11 Re. 12
Cancellation
Sync ref. signal
Common ref. signal
Primary broadcast
channel
Data channel
Better user experience Higher network capacity Enhanced performance
for HetNets
Higher data rates especially at Higher users data rate increases Even more beneficial in managing
cell-edges overall network capacity interference in small cell deployments
21Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance
Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego
Higher network capacity
140
Macro 1
120
Throughout
100 Enhanced Pico 2
Rel. 10/11
80 Receiver Receiver
Pico 3
60
40 Pico 4
20
Pico 5
0
Increased cell-edge data rates
30
Enhanced
25
Throughout Receiver
20
15
Rel. 10/11
Receiver
10
5
0
22Extending the benefits of LTE
Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
23Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
Better network performance Enhanced user experience
Longer range and increased capacity Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in
licensed spectrum with robust mobility
LTE in
Licensed
spectrum
700MHz to 3.8GHz
Carrier
Ideal for aggregation
small cells
LTE in
Unlicensed
spectrum
5 GHz
Unified LTE Network Coexists with Wi-Fi
Common LTE network with common Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors
authentication, security and management.
24Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale
LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels
Large scale, global
1 LTE deployments 2 LTE in unlicensed spectrum
for USA, Korea and China
3 LTE in unlicensed
spectrum everywhere
268+ network launches LTE Advanced 3GPP R10 Extend deployment to regions with
in 100+ countries1 Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands ‘Listen Before Talk’ (LBT) regulations
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10 Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2 Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier
launched June 2013 discovery and expanded uplink coverage
Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard
Common core network R10 Converged 3G/4G small cells with
with common mobility, security, LTE for licensed and unlicensed
authentication and more. Ideal for
spectrum as well as Wi-Fi
small cells
Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum
25
1Per GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.Making LTE broadcast dynamic
and extending to terrestrial TV
26LTE broadcast is commercial – Powered by Qualcomm®
Snapdragon™ processors
800
LTE Advanced KT Corp launches world’s first commercial LTE
Broadcast service
1st By Nick Wood, Total Telecom
Monday 27, January 2014
South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile
TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.
World’s 1st LTE KT Corp on Monday launched the world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service,
Broadcast solution delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.
- Called ‘Olleh LTE Play’, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast
multicast services) solutions developed in …
Gobi LTE Modem
integrated into
Snapdragon 800 27
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128LTE broadcast – Higher capacity even with fewer users
Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum
Unicast 7X
LTE Broadcast
3X
1.7X
X X X
1 user/ cell 2 users/cell 5 users /cell
Network capacity/throughput
Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) 28
is based
on the same amount of resource allocation.Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility
Event or demand driven
Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only
during games)
Users accessing
same content Users moved to Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)
on unicast broadcast
Seamless transition
Make-before–break connection
Fully transparent to user
Part of Rel. 121
Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast
(based on operator configured triggers)
1This feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12 29Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast
Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices
LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network
(SFN) for the whole coverage area
- Using LTE sites/infrastructure
LTE LTE Broadcast on a dedicated
Broadcast TV spectrum
(Unicast)
Assisted Stand-alone
Enhanced user experience Mode
Mode
in the “Assisted Mode”
(e.g. On-demand content,
interactivity ) Devices in
“Stand-alone” or “Assisted” mode
~2x Higher capacity than today’s broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC)
- Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband
Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B 30
operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.LTE Direct – Operator-owned global
platform for continuous proximity
awareness
31Designed for autonomous “Always-ON” discovery
Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness
DISCOVERY
Up to 500m range
LTE LTE Discover 1000s of services in
20s
milliseconds
64ms
Privacy sensitive
Device based, connectionless discovery
– without location tracking
Negligible LTE capacity impactOperator platform that enables new mobile services
Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale
Operator owned LTE Direct platform Common discovery network
Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators
Expected to be in every Rel 12 device
Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard
33Utilizing higher bands & new licensing
models (Authorized Shared Access)
34ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use
Exclusive Use Used in both macros and small cells
Incumbents (i.e., government) may not Small cells can be closer to incumbent
use spectrum at all times and locations than macros
Incumbent
3G/4G Macro Base user
Station 3G/4G Small Cells
Protects spectrum incumbents Regular Incentive-based cooperation model
Multi-band
Binary use – either incumbent or Device1 Allows incumbents to monetize
rights holder with protection zones unused spectrum
35
1No device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.ASA/LSA1 – Implementation underway in Europe and USA
PROOF OF OPERATOR
STANDARDS CONCEPT INTEREST
POLICY REGULATORY
Trialed
Demonstrated Live in Finland in
Defined by CEPT Specified by ETSI by many infra/device
Endorsed Currently working on vendors; 2.3 GHz and
Sep’13
by 28 EU member in report published in Feb ’142
for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3 requirements 3.5 GHz demos at MWC
states Nov ’13 Feb ‘14
Proposed by FCC
Evaluation by NTIA To make 3.5GHz4 band
Endorsed by 28 EU dedicated to licensed shared
member states Nov ’13 access for mobile broadband
1 ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on “harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400
MHz for MFCN;” 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz 36LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler
Continue to evolve LTE:
-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
-- Opportunistic HetNets
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Hetnets with FeICIC/IC
Full interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
More Small Cells is Key to 1000x 37Qualcomm Technologies LTE advanced leadership
Standards Leadership Industry-first Demos Industry-first Chipsets from QTI
A main contributor to key MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13)
LTE Advanced features Demo with Mobility
First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14)
Instrumental in driving interference MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic
cancellation and other Hetnets features HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility. LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo announced in Nov. ‘13
Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE
in unlicensed spectrum MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with data-
channel interference cancellation
800 MDM 9x35
LTE Advanced LTE Advanced
World’s 1st LTE 300Mpbs (Cat 6)
Advanced solution solution
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
38LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
Brings carrier aggregation and Extends benefits of LTE to
1 its evolution – led by Qualcomm
Technologies
3 unlicensed spectrum
Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Expands LTE in to new frontiers
2 Further gains with enhanced
receivers
4 – device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
39Questions? - Connect with Us
www.qualcomm.com/technology
http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam
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@Qualcomm_tech
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©2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm, Snapdragon and Gobi are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. A ll trademarks of Qualcomm
Incorporated are used with permission. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their re spective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units
within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-
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