Manchester Climate Change Strategy 2017-2050 and Implementation Plan 2017-2022 Annual Review 2018
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Manchester Climate Change Strategy 2017-2050 and Implementation Plan 2017-2022 Annual Review 2018
Contents
Introduction from the Chair of the Manchester Climate Change Board������������������������� 04
PART 1 THE MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE
BOARD AND AGENCY������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 06
PART 2 MEETING OUR OBJECTIVES: REVIEW OF PROGRESS
AGAINST THE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10
Strategic Objectives��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11
Sustainable economy and jobs�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14
Healthy communities objective����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18
Resilience to climate change������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24
Zero carbon objective��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28
Culture change objective������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 34
Thematic Areas����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38
Buildings�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40
Energy��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44
Transport������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 46
Resources and waste���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
Food���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50
Green spaces and waterways.������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 52
PART 3 REVIEW OF PROGRESS AGAINST MANCHESTER CLIMATE
CHANGE STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2017-2022������������������������������������� 54
PART 4 PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR 2018-19�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62
Citywide priorities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 63
MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 03
INTRODUCTION FROM THE
CHAIR OF THE MANCHESTER
CLIMATE CHANGE BOARD
Gavin Elliot, Chair of MACF Steering Group
Image courtesy of Andy Haslam
Climate change is a real and greenhouse gases continue to be developed it is becoming far clearer Secondly, the launch of a six-
present threat to the planet emitted as each day goes by … what needs to happen and when. month ‘science-based’ planning
caused by excess greenhouse With this in mind, it is interesting The ‘good news’ is that most of the process with key Manchester hrough the Manchester Climate Change
T
gas emissions released into to ask the question - why is an things that we (as a city) need to do organisations to agree the actions Youth Board, we aim to act as a voice for the
the atmosphere as a result of issue which (unlike most) actually are things that most world-class they will deliver to help ensure young people of the city, to drive change across
human action (and in-action). the city stays within its budget.
does represent an existential cities would aspire to; extensive a number of sectors for a green and healthy
However, despite the overwhelming threat to our collective way of life low-carbon energy infrastructure, And thirdly, a programme of
scientific evidence that supports so little discussed, and even less local renewable power generation, communications with the city’s
future for ours and future generations.
this and (with a few ignoble acted upon. a great public transport network, residents to set out the benefits T
udor Baker, Manchester Climate Change Youth Board member
exceptions) world leaders are Perhaps the issue is simply too big, wide-spread adoption of ‘EVs’ of Manchester becoming a zero
in unanimous agreement that or too complicated, or too abstract, and the infrastructure to maintain carbon city by 2038 and how
climate change is happening, and or too scientific, or too frightening them, energy efficient homes they can secure their share.
has the very real potential to cause and buildings, a city designed for Manchester Climate Change Youth Board
for people to want to think about Right now cities around the world
catastrophic harm to the world it. Or maybe, like the apocryphal pedestrians and cyclists, clean air, are shifting their focus from the
as we know it. All while the scale extensive green spaces and clean The Manchester Climate Youth Board was established in November
‘frog in boiling water’, we are not age-old mission of ‘jobs and
of action being taken to mitigate waterways, and so on. 2017 through an open application process. Made up of six talented
mentally attuned to recognise and growth’ to ‘good jobs and inclusive,
this threat is woefully small, 16-25 year olds who are studying and working in Greater Manchester,
deal with slow creeping threats The science says that we can’t sustainable growth’. The question
compared to the gravity and the Youth Board are vital members of the city’s Climate Change
until it’s too late - unlike immediate afford to wait for these things for Manchester is not do we
urgency of the threat. Board, bringing energy and driving youth action in the city.
threats which can galvanise the to simply ‘happen’ – through agree - rather it is do we want to
Against this background, it is community to action. some kind of organic, market-led be a leader or a follower in this
probably inevitable that the In this context one of the process. Rather we need to act global shift?’
city’s report is rather repetitive difficulties we have faced is together to make them happen, I’m hoping that next year’s report
with our own message largely translating science based carbon and we need to do it now. will answer that question.
unchanged from year to year. There reduction targets into scalable This is why this year’s Annual
is undoubtedly good work going on action ‘on the ground’. We have Report will be accompanied by
and emissions are reducing, but it known we need to reduce carbon three other things. Gavin Elliott, Chair,
pales into insignificance compared emissions, and to some extent we Firstly a proposed carbon budget Manchester Climate Change Board
to what is actually required to have always known the sorts of that sets out how much CO2
halt climate change through a things that would be necessary Manchester is ‘allowed’ to emit to
large and substantive reduction to achieve those measurable contribute towards the successful
in our greenhouse gas emissions. reductions. Now as the new city- delivery of the Paris Agreement.
And all the while more and more wide carbon budgets are being
04 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 05
PART 1 BOARD AND
THE MANCHESTER CLIMATE AGENCY
CHANGE BOARD AND AGENCY ACTIVITIES
The Board are currently Draft objectives: 3. HONEST COMMUNICATION
The MACF Steering Group’s priority for 2017-18 was to establish the working to finalise their aim AND REPORTING
required governance structure for the successful implementation and objectives. Once finalised, 1. POLICY AND Honestly and transparently report
the Agency’s role is to support POLITICAL DECISIONS
of the Manchester Climate Change Strategy 2017-50. the delivery of these objectives,
and communicate the city’s
progress against its climate change
working with the Board and Support and influence policy- commitments.
other partners to help the city making and political decisions
In February 2018 a new Manchester change as an issue that cuts across The Boards current membership to achieve its climate change to be consistent with the Paris 4. KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Climate Change Board was all areas of the Our Manchester is outlines at manchesterclimate. commitments. Agreement, the latest climate
established, building on the work strategy, from health and quality of com/MCCB. Further development can be science and stakeholders views. Share our experiences, learn from
of the Steering Group from 2010 to life, to jobs and economic success. As a group acting on behalf of expected over the second half others, and contribute to a global
2017. The Board is part of the city’s Building on the previous MACF and in the interests of the city’s of 2018 but, at the time of writing, 2. ENGAGE, INFLUENCE AND movement of cities acting on
wider Our Manchester governance Steering Group, one of the new residents and organisations, the following draft priorities SUPPORT MANCHESTER climate change.
structure, made up of a family of Board’s priorities is to maximise the Board has committed to have been set out for the Board CITIZENS AND ORGANISATIONS
thematic boards with responsibility engagement with the diverse report publicly on its activities. and the Agency:
for driving forward action in relation range of business sectors and The Board’s meetings minutes Engage, influence and support
to their area of the Our Manchester communities that exist across are available from Manchester citizens and
strategy. This approach enables the city. To underpin this work the Draft aim: organisations to take action on
www.manchesterclimate.com
the Board to focus specifically on Boards membership is made up of climate change, including through
and formal accounts are available Work with partners to create
the city’s climate change priorities, a diverse range of representatives initiating and supporting new
from Companies House at a citywide movement for
at the same time as working with from organisations and sectors. projects and programmes.
beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/ action on climate change.
other groups to integrate climate
company/09761661.
Our current membership is: Faith and communities Sport Public appointee Previous MACF Steering Manchester City Council
Dean Rogers Govender, Pete Bradshaw, Group members
Our Faith, Our Planet / Manchester City Football Club (appointed through a public Councillor Angeliki Stogia,
Chair
Manchester Cathedral application process) Ali Abbas, Manchester CO2 Executive Member for Environment
Gavin Elliott, BDP Youth Board Monitoring Group & Manchester
Health Dom Goggins, Policy and Sara Todd, Deputy Chief Executive
TBC, Manchester Health and Communications Consultant Friends of the Earth
Sector Leads (appointed through a public
Wellbeing Board Dave Coleman, Cooler Projects
application process) Universities
Arts and culture Housing Holly Bonfield, Federation of
Simon Curtis*, Ian Thomson, Manchester Housing Small Businesses Prof James Evans,
Ash Farrah
Manchester Arts Sustainability Providers Partnership / Johnnie Dr Jeremy Carter, University of Manchester
Johnson Housing Hannah Mitchell
Team / Royal Exchange Theatre University of Manchester Prof Callum Thomas, Manchester
Media Amelia Gilchrist Metropolitan University
Energy
Steve Connor, Creative Concern Dan Walsh * note that Simon Curtis and Helen
Helen Seagrave*, Seagrave are also members of the
Electricity North West Property Jonathan Keen former MACF Steering Group.
Chris Oglesby, Bruntwood Tudor Baker
06 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 07
PROGRESS
IN 2017-18
1. POLICY AND 2. ENGAGE, INFLUENCE AND Faith: the Our Faith, Our Planet Greening the city – GrowGreen: 3. HONEST COMMUNICATION 4.KNOWLEDGE SHARING
POLITICAL DECISIONS SUPPORT MANCHESTER CITIZENS initiative was established by the creating and maintaining green AND REPORTING
AND ORGANISATIONS Dean of Manchester Cathedral spaces and waterways is key to Where the city is making progress
Greater Manchester: the Agency and the Carbon Literacy Project Manchester’s aim to become This report is part of the Board and we want to share our experiences
was a member of the GM Green Three priorities have been taken in 2016 as an inter-faith initiative resilient to the changing climate, as Agency’s ongoing communication to help others on their journey.
Summit Steering Group to support forward over the last twelve to engage and support faith well as achieve wider benefits such and reporting activities. Honesty Equally, there will always be
the GM Mayor and GMCA with months, aligned with the sectors communities to understand and as improved health, increased and transparency provide the areas where we can learn from
the organisation of the 2018 and communities represented on take action on climate change. biodiversity, and supporting underpinning principles for other cities to accelerate our
Summit. The Group also provided the Board, plus a fourth priority on The Agency has been involved in job creation. Manchester’s this work, to shine a light on work. In 2017-18 the Agency has
a sounding board to help inform ‘greening the city’. this work over the last two years. Great Outdoors: a Green and areas where the city needs to participated in seven international
the development of GMCA climate Work is now underway between Blue Infrastructure Strategy make improvements as well as events to share knowledge with
change policy in the run up to the Arts and culture: the Manchester OFOP, the Agency and local charity for Manchester01 sets out the recognising and showcasing other cities and to support the
Summit. This role will continue into Arts Sustainability Team was Groundwork to scope out next city’s plans in further detail. To activities that are going well. development of EU and UN
2019 to support the organisation established in 2010 to engage the steps for the initiative, with a view support the implementation of This year our communications policies. This takes the total for
of next year’s GM Green Summit sector in climate change action. to building a new programme this strategy, the Agency and have produced: the city to 14 since the Agency was
and the associated work to Last year the group reported on of funded activity to support Manchester City Council are jointly • Over 60 web articles on our established. Highlights include the
develop carbon neutral policy their progress to date and set faith groups and their wider leading the delivery of the €11.2m Facebook page Green Growth Annual Conference
for the city-region. out their priorities going forward, communities to act on climate EU-funded GrowGreen project. with the World Bank and UN in
• Developed new social media to
including aligning themselves with change. Outputs from this work Working with twenty partners November 201702, the UN Climate
target a younger demographic
Manchester: following the GM the city’s new zero carbon goal, are expected in early-2019 across Europe and China until Change Conference in May 201803,
( via Insta)
Green City Summit in March expanding their membership, and manchesterclimate.com/ 2022, the project aims to support and the Global Covenant of Mayors
2018, the Board and Agency working with other cities to share cities to develop and implement • Conducted over 100 Climate Innovate4Cities mayors’ roundtable
ourfaithmcr
have been working to establish knowledge and experiences. In strategies for citywide greening. Conversations and interviews in May 201804.
how Manchester can make its late-2017 MAST were awarded Since the project’s launch in June producing video content for our
fair contribution to the Paris an EU ‘Good Practice’ award for Young people: our young people 2017 the first year has focused social media streams.
Agreement. The Board’s proposal their work and were subsequently have the biggest stake in the on kicking off the demonstration • Via our Twitter feeds an average
to the city on a science-based successful in their application to city’s future success. By creating projects in Manchester at West monthly profile visits of 1156 and
carbon budget and carbon further develop their work and jobs in the low carbon economy, Gorton, Valencia (Spain), Wroclaw average monthly impressions of
reduction is being launched collaborate with other cities. As a cleaning our air, providing access to (Poland) and Wuhan (China). 37,000.
alongside this report, at the result the ‘C-Change’ project was green spaces and enabling travel
growgreenproject.eu
Manchester Climate Change launched in May 2018. Funded by by walking, cycling and public
Conference 2018. the ‘URBACT Transfer Network’ transport, the city will prosper
programme, the 2.5-year project over the short term and into the
EU and UN: the Agency has will see Manchester working with future. Which is why the Board
participated in several sessions Mantova (Italy), Wroclaw (Poland) and the Agency have established
to support the development of and others still to be confirmed, a new Manchester Climate
EU and UN climate change policy to help all cities’ arts and culture Change Youth Board, to provide a
since 2015. Further details below sectors on their journeys to zero platform for Manchester’s young 01 www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500002/council_policies_and_strategies/7061/green_and_blue_infrastructure
in ‘Knowledge Sharing’. carbon. people to develop their own youth-
led climate change initiatives. 02 www.manchesterclimate.com/news/2017/12/time-cities-lead-way-climate-action
manchesterclimate.com/
Following planning work in the first
involved/MAST 03 www.manchesterclimate.com/news/zero-carbon-uk-plan-time-talk-fijian
half of 2018, new initiatives are
expected to emerge in late-2018. 04 www.manchesterclimate.com/global-covenant-mayors-cities%E2%80%99-innovation
08 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 09
PART 2
MEETING OUR OBJECTIVES:
REVIEW OF PROGRESS AGAINST
THE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
Parts 2 and 3 of this report cover the progress Manchester has Sustainable economy and jobs
made against the city’s climate change strategy for 2017-50 and Healthy communities
the Implementation Plan for 2017-22. Resilience to climate change
The Strategy sets out five strategic objectives that we are aiming Zero carbon objective
to achieve on our way to becoming a prosperous, liveable, zero Culture change objective
carbon city. This means healthy residents of all ages, a sustainable
and inclusive economy that is resilient to a warmer, wetter climate,
buildings that provide more energy to the Grid than they use, a low
cost transport system that runs on renewables, and green spaces
THEMATIC AREAS
and waterways that contribute to our health, biodiversity and the OF ACTION
local economy. To achieve these objectives, the Strategy sets out
six thematic areas for action. These areas are listed opposite.
Buildings
Energy
An initial set of KPIs have been Part 3 provides a brief overview of Transport
established to enable progress to progress against the actions in the
be measured against the strategic Implementation plan. The reporting Resources and waste
objectives and the thematic here is less detailed than in Part 2,
actions. These will be further however, the Board’s commitment
Food
developed as part of developing the to honesty and transparency Green spaces and waterways
city’s carbon budget and pathways remains a key underpinning
to zero carbon. 2017/18 is the first principle; if there has been no
full year to report upon since the action this is stated.
Strategy and Implementation Plan
were launched in December 2016.
10 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 11
STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
12 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 13
PART 3 | Review of Progress in 2015/16
HEADLINE OBJECTIVES
Sustainable economy and jobs
WHY WE SET THIS OBJECTIVE Reducing energy waste will reduce costs in
VISION 2050: Our strategic objective and vision to 2050
the short term and make our businesses
more resilient to the impact of rising energy
is based upon a sustainable economy with prices in the future.
benefits beyond the need to reduce emissions. Reducing traffic congestion will make journeys
Action on climate change will become an Higher quality, more energy efficient buildings more reliable, and changing to more active
are healthier places to live and work.
increasingly important part of the city’s ways of travel across the city will leads to a
healthier and more productive workforce.
sustainable, dynamic and competitive
economy. WHAT OUR INDICATORS SHOW Manchester businesses whilst building their
resilience to a changing climate, and
Manchester-based businesses and There are four key components to building a utilising technological advances and
universities will be playing a strong and sustainable economy and jobs – a thriving research to develop appropriate solutions.
Low Carbon and Environment Services
growing role in delivering solutions locally sector (LCEGS), ensuring local people have
Our indicators show that while Manchester’s
economy has grown by 25% since 2005,
and to cities around the world. the skills to secure local jobs, improving the its carbon intensity (how much carbon is
energy efficiency and resource use of all emitted per £1m of GVA has almost halved
The city’s businesses will have access to a over the same period.
rich pool of Carbon Literate local talent,
Carbon emissions per £1m GVA
fed by our world-class universities and
our excellent schools and colleges. 250
Current trend
All Manchester businesses will save 200
tCO2 per £1m GVA
money and improve their performance
by increasing their energy and resource 150
efficiency. Businesses, workers and 100
visitors will come from around the world to
experience our liveable, resilient, green city. 50
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: 2005-2016 figures from BEIS. 2017 figure estimated based upon national trends
in CO2 figures in BEIS data. GVA figure from Greater Manchester Forecasting Model 2014.
14 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 15
Indicator 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017*
LOOKING TOWARDS
Manchester’s CO2 emissions
per £1m GVA*
198 208 193 203 186 150 138 129 122
2020 AND BEYOND
* Source: 2005-2016 figures available from BEIS. 2017 figure estimated based on national trend
in CO2 figures in BESI data. GVA figure from Greater Manchester Forecasting Model 2014.
Manchester’s CO2 emissions per Annual rate of growth of the Separate research looking The Greater Manchester In 2017/18 Hub has supported: Looking towards 2022 and beyond
£m GVA LCEGS sector specifically at the low carbon and Growth Company 82 Manchester businesses Manchester is developing its own
Carbon Intensity is the amount of Research shows that the UK low renewable energy sector, which The Growth Company provides received environmental business Local Industrial Strategy with the
carbon that is emitted per unit of carbon economy could grow by an includes activities outside the tailored support to help small support, helping to identify ambition to create a competitive,
economic activity. Manchester’s estimated 11% per year between scope of environmental goods and medium sized businesses annual savings of over £400k inclusive and sustainable economy
economy is projected to grow at 2015 and 2030 – 4 times faster and services, revealed that it in Greater Manchester boost and 1,500 tonnes of carbon based upon clean growth – growing
around 3% a year. Our data shows than the rest of the economy. was worth £42.6 billion to the UK profitability, cut carbon emissions, dioxide equivalent (CO2e). our economy whilst cutting carbon
the economy produced 121 tonnes Across Greater Manchester economy in 2016 - five per cent improve energy efficiency, and emissions. This follows on from
50 Manchester companies also
of CO2 per £1m GVA (Gross Value this sector is growing at a rate higher than in 2015. improve products and processes. the UK Government’s Industrial
received specialist low carbon
Added) in 2017. This is a reduction of 6% a year. This level of growth The Hub also helps companies sector support, helping to create Strategy which aims to create an
of 48% on 2005 levels and a 5.8% means that clean growth can Value of sales in the LCEGS sector in the green technology and 5 new jobs. economy that boosts productivity
reduction over the past year. play a central part in our low The UK LCEGS sector could services sector to capitalise on and earning power throughout the
The GC Business Growth Hub
As the city’s economy continues to carbon economy – building on deliver between £60 billion and opportunities for growth. These UK by seizing the opportunities
has secured EU funding to
grow it is expected that by 2020 the our strengths to drive inclusive £170 billion of export sales of include providing specialist that new technology and
deliver resource efficiency,
city’s carbon intensity will need to growth and boost earning power goods and services by 2030. The advisors and services including a innovation brings to the economy
eco innovation and sector support
fall to around 99 tonnes of CO2 per across the country. sector achieved annual sales of virtual Low Carbon Network to help – many of which will have lower
until December 2018 and are
£1m GVA; which is a 57% reduction over £5.4 billion across Greater find local suppliers, a fortnightly carbon intensity than traditional
currently in the process of
on 2005 levels. Number of employees in the low Manchester in 2013. There is a Green Intelligence e-bulletin manufacturing industries.
identifying funding which will
carbon and environmental goods growing realisation of the need of environmental news and An opportunity now exists for
enable support to continue until
and services (LCEGS) sector for all business to reduce their information, and; the Green Growth Manchester to continue to take
Low Carbon and environmental 2021, helping hundreds more
carbon emissions, increase Pledge, which helps companies to advantage of the technological
goods and services sector Data from the Office of National companies start their journey
resource efficiency and reduce celebrate their green commitments innovation and jobs in the low
(LCEGS) Statistics shows that in the UK to a zero-carbon economy.
water and energy use to lower and create action plans to reduce carbon and environmental goods
The Low Carbon and green goods and services were www.green-growth.org.uk
operational costs and increase their impact. (LCEGS) sector, as well as using
Environmental Goods and Services responsible for 335,000 jobs by
2015- a rise of more than 30,000 in profitability. This year has also the city’s strengths – science,
sector is defined as areas of the
5 years. The Greater Manchester seen a significant rise, especially advanced materials, culture and
economy engaged in low carbon
LCEGS sector employs 38,000 in the beverage and hospitality digital – to strengthen and grow
technologies, environmental
people across 2,043 businesses. sector, in companies working with our low carbon economy.
protection and resource
their supply chains to reduce single
management. This includes energy
use plastics such as packaging
efficiency, renewable and low
waste and switch to recyclable
carbon energy, waste management
and bio degradable materials,
and recycling, water management,
leading to increasing sales for the
low carbon finance, low emission
environmental services sector.
vehicles and infrastructure,
smart grids and environmental
monitoring and management.
16 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 17
Healthy communities objective
WHY WE SET THIS OBJECTIVE There are negative health impacts of climate
VISION 2050: Good health and well-being is a vital part of all
change – such as heat exhaustion caused
by a warmer climate, the physical and
successful societies; enabling us to reach our emotional impacts of flood damage on
full potential, contribute to and benefit from people’s homes and health, as well as
Manchester’s residents will lead the city’s success. By 2050 we want everyone poorly insulated homes causing damp and
in Manchester to have access to the basics unhealthy housing conditions.
increasingly healthy lifestyles that are –quality housing, great education and The benefits to dealing with the basic needs
underpinned by access to high quality rewarding jobs, healthy food, clean air, good of our residents provide positive outcomes
quality green spaces and protection from the
parks and green spaces, clean air, healthy potentiality dangerous impacts of future
for the environment and climate – people
look after and care for the environment when
local food, safe walking and cycling climates, such as flooding and heat stress. they feel connected to nature, creating green
routes, energy efficient homes, affordable neighbourhoods and energy efficient homes
saves residents money and contributes to
supplies of energy and an understanding overall better health and wealth outcomes.
of how they can help to reduce local
flood risks and exposure to heat stress.
18 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 19Percentage of households in support networks through Made to move Indicator 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017*
fuel poverty shared experiences, improves Chris Boardman was appointed
16.2% of Manchester households self-esteem, and offers significant as GM’s first Cycling and Walking Data
% of Manchester households
were in fuel poverty in 2016, life skills: increasing knowledge, Commissioner in the summer in fuel poverty *
22.4 13.3 15.9 14.9 14.5 15.3 16.2 available in
June 2019
the last year we have data for. healthy eating, growing food and of 2017 and delivered his report
This is an increase of over 2,340 physical activity. The alliance ‘Made to Move’ a few months Number of trips into
creates a mutually supportive and Manchester key centre by 1,143 1,190 1,476 1,542 1,638 1,648 1,781 1,892
households in fuel poverty from later. The plan aims to transform bicycles (7:30 am – 9:30am) **
the year before, indicating that financially robust ‘green wellbeing’ the city region into a region for
heating homes is an issue for some network – working together on walking and cycling with a £1.5
Data
Cycling levels *** 15.6 16.9 16.3 17.9 19.2 18.2 16.9 available
vulnerable residents. There are larger Manchester wide contracts. billion infrastructure fund for July 2018
now a number of initiatives across Twitter: @GreenHealthGMcr walking and cycling and requires
GM and Manchester that aim to integration and partnership * www.gov.uk/government/statistics/sub-regional-fuel-poverty-data-2018
signpost residents to better energy Cycle index –trips into working from Greater Manchester ** Source: TfGM © Crown Copyright 2016
deals such as the Big Clean Switch Manchester city centre by bicycle Combined Authority, TfGM, Greater ***refers to millions of kilometers cycled on A and B roads in Manchester
which also sources renewable Manchester Health and Social
The Sustrans report Bike Life
energy suppliers. Care Partnership (GMHSCP),
2017 reports that 69% of people
To ensure all our new homes Sport England and GM’s charity
in Greater Manchester think the
are built to a good standard Greater Sport.
city region would be a better place
the Manchester Residential to live and work if more people www.gmcc.org.uk/2017/12/
Quality Guidance published in made-to-move-chris-boardmans- WHAT OUR INDICATORS SHOW
cycled. Across Greater Manchester
2016 provides clear direction on around 5% of people cycle to and plan-for-gm/
delivering sustainable homes The latest Government data on households Greater Manchester’s ambition is for 10%
from work every day against the
and encourage excellence in in fuel poverty estimate that there were of journeys to be made by bike by 2025,
GM target of 10% of journeys to be
design. This includes guidance over 34,000 Manchester households in with 5% already met, however Manchester
made by bike by 2025. The figures
on sustainable designs that fuel poverty in 2016 – which is 16.2% of falls well below the GM average – at around
for Manchester show that 1.8%
reduce energy demand such as all households. Reducing fuel poverty is 1.8%. Evaluation of the data such as in Bike
of trips are made by bicycles. On
passive heating, natural lighting therefore a priority for the city. Around Life 2017 shows there is a need to build
Oxford Road where cyclists and
and cooling, improved insulation 80% of Greater Manchester’s 1.1 million better cycle routes in co-operation with local
pedestrians are priorities over
and glazing and the use of low or homes are more than 40 years old and communities, as well as supporting people
other forms of transport , the
zero carbon energy generating highly energy inefficient. As Manchester’s to cycle more as the appetite for cycling
digital “totem pole” cycle counter
technologies. domestic properties are responsible for increases across the city along with demand
shows an average count of over
27% of the city’s total direct CO2 emissions, for more and better cycle routes.
1,000 bikes a day, with some days
it is essential to build homes to be zero
The Green Health Alliance (GHA) reaching over 5,000 bikes a day.
carbon and in some cases carbon positive
The Green Health Alliance (GHA) by generating more renewable energy
is the collaboration of Greater than they need.
Manchester’s community food
growers who are committed
to working with some of the
most vulnerable communities,
connecting people and places to
nature and improving health and
mental wellbeing outcomes for
all. Outcomes for GHA volunteers
include reducing social isolation,
anxiety and depressive illnesses.
The GHA also provides social
20 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 21LOOKING TOWARDS
2020 AND BEYOND
HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE: • There are a number of projects LOOKING TOWARDS 2022
such as Green Minds - a AND BEYOND
• Manchester Housing Strategy therapeutic horticulture project
recognises that poor quality run by Sow the City providing There are a number of key
high energy, low energy efficient activities to aid recovery from opportunities that can provide
housing is a determinant and is mental ill health at North health benefits for Manchester
working with partners to address Manchester General Hospital and residents whilst reducing the
energy inefficient housing stock with local community gardens. city’s carbon footprint:
and ensure that new housing Other projects include those run The devolution of health care
is energy efficient and climate by Hulme Community Garden budgets to Greater Manchester
resilient. Centre, Growing in the City/Men’s has resulted in new opportunities
• The 2017 “Bike Life GM” report Shed Project, Hulme Community to transform the healthcare
highlights that 76% of residents Garden Centre, Wythenshawe system and move the region
would like to see more investment Community Housing Group’s from one with some of the worst
in cycling in Greater Manchester. Real Food Wythenshawe, health outcomes to the best.
Debdale Eco Centre and Social There is a new focus on working
• Initiatives such as the £22m
Farms & Gardens. with the voluntary sector and it
Cycle City Ambition Grant 2
(CCAG2) is now being spent is hoped that community food
on improvements across growing projects could be one
Manchester including the of many interventions being
Wilmslow Road Cycleway, significantly upscaled.
Chorlton Road Cycles way and Joined up public services and
Oxford Road “Dutch Boulevard” information for service users under
renovation networks that the Greater Manchester Health and
link local communities and Social Care plan means that access
employment opportunities. though self-referral is becoming
easier and health services are
moving to a model of intervention
and prevention. The benefits of
connecting with the environment
and outdoor activities on improving
our health are now recognised,
leading to funding for initiatives
such as outdoor volunteering,
growing and gardening and
environmental activities that have
benefits for people and planet.
22 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 23Resilience to climate change
WHY WE SET THIS OBJECTIVE An assessment of climate change adaptation
VISION 2050: Global greenhouse gas emissions reached
and resilience research and data across
Greater Manchester published in July 201707
record highs in 2017. These emissions are shows that the city has made progress in
driving climate change which can be observed understanding climate impacts and what
The city’s communities, public sector, as our planet gets steadily warmer, sea levels makes a climate resilient city. This provides a
rise, and extreme weather events become useful foundation for further progress,
businesses and third sector will more common and intense. Globally, bolstered by the political commitments that
become increasingly resilient to the greenhouse gas emissions are anticipated to have been made to addressing climate change.
continue to rise ‘locking in’ further climate The next step is to develop the set of actions
changing climate. change for the coming decades. Manchester is that would best support the city to adapt and
projected to experience warmer and wetter build resilience to climate change.
winters, drier and hotter summers and more Knowing what to do in the event of an extreme
frequent and intense and extreme weather weather emergency, such as a heatwave,
such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall leading drought or flood is important for individual
to flooding. It is crucial that Manchester households and businesses, especially if they
develops strategies and implements actions to are located in a flood risk area. Here,
adapt and build the resilience of its natural awareness raising and emergency response
environments, communities, businesses and are key priorities. However the city also needs
infrastructures to the changing climate. to build long term resilience to climate impacts.
The EcoCities Project identified three themes This requires responses including spatial
for adapting Greater Manchester (GM) to planning, designing buildings for a changing
climate change: ‘safeguarding our future climate, and adapting infrastructure (e.g.
prosperity’, ‘protecting the most vulnerable in transport, electricity, and water) and natural
our society’, and ‘building the resilience of our environments. It is also important that
essential infrastructure’05. These themes are individuals and organisations from across the
also relevant for the city of Manchester and public sector, business and local communities
provide a useful guide to adaptation priorities. are involved in developing and implementing
The RESIN project06, which includes GM as a action plans that can make Manchester
case study city, has been looking in particular better adapted and more resilient to the
at climate change risk and adaptation changing climate.
responses to infrastructure. This project has
identified impacts associated with floods and
storms as presenting the highest risks to GM’s
critical infrastructure, and to energy 05 www.adaptingmanchester.co.uk/ten-minute-read
infrastructure in particular. Flooding to other 06 www.resin-cities.eu/home/
forms of infrastructure, including roads and 07 w
ww.resin-cities.eu/resources/gm-baseline/
buildings, is also identified as a prominent risk. research/
24 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 25WHAT OUR INDICATORS SHOW The extent, quality and
productivity of green spaces LOOKING TOWARDS
2020 AND BEYOND
Projects that are supporting and and tree cover
The number and quality of feeding into the ‘Urban Pioneer’ Manchester maintains its
resilience plans and strategies project include Natural Course , commitment to conserve, protect
A recent RESIN project the RESIN project and other joint and enhance biodiversity wherever
assessment on adaptation and working with the Environment it can, in compliance with the
resilience policy shows that the UK Agency North West. Natural Environment and Rural
has a relatively well-developed • Greater Manchester is now Communities (NERC) Act 2006.
framework of legislation and part of the Rockefeller ‘100 Manchester has eight Local Nature
guidance for making progress on Resilient Cities’ network and has Reserves (LNR) covering 392
Looking towards 2022 and beyond A key ‘switch’ that needs to be
climate change adaptation, appointed a Chief Resilience Hectares, of which Heaton Park is
Although making progress on recognised, acknowledged and
especially with regards to critical Officer. They have responsibility both the city’s largest and only
climate change adaptation and acted on is that adapting and
infrastructure. Manchester has a for working with the Greater designated Country Park.
resilience is not currently a building resilience to climate change
climate change strategy and Manchester Combined Authority Manchester has 38 Sites of
statutory duty for Manchester City will not and should not happen in
implementation plan in place, (GMCA) and leaders across the Biological Importance (SBI)
Council, this does not mean that it is isolation from initiatives targeting
as does GM. However, there remain private and public sectors to covering 309 hectares, of which
a ‘nice-to-have’. It is central to other challenges facing Manchester.
challenges to address in order to find solutions to the challenges 57.89 % (22) are in active
future visions for the city where high These include the need to improve
implement adaptation and that the city region faces – from conservation management.
quality of life for its residents and air quality, enhance health and
resilience response in Manchester climate change, poverty and See page 09 for information on the
future prosperity are key wellbeing and strengthen public
for reasons including: homelessness, to flooding and EU funded GrowGreen project.
aspirations. Other countries transport provision, all of which can
• Mechanisms for funding life-threatening emergencies.
www.manchester.gov.uk/ including Germany and Austria do be supported and enhanced by
adaptation and resilience action • The Greater Manchester info/500002/council_policies_ measures targeting climate change
mandate their cities to take action
are not well defined. Resilience Forum continues to and_strategies/7061/green_and_ adaptation and resilience. The next
on climate change, and it is
• Adaptation and resilience are work across the city region to blue_infrastructure/2 step is to integrate climate change
important that Manchester does
not statutory duties for local understand, plan and manage adaptation and resilience more
not lag behind. This will require
authorities, which removes an current and future climate risks. closely and effectively across a
Number of properties in flood concerted planning, action and
incentive for taking action. • In March, the Mayor of Greater warning area investment of time and resources range of policy agendas in order to
• In key sectors such as critical Manchester held a ‘Green from organisations across the city. move this crucial issue closer to the
Manchester has a number of river
infrastructure (transport, water, Summit’ which helped to raise mainstream.
valleys; the Manchester Ship Canal
energy) responsibilities are climate change up the agenda
and other bodies of water in
split between the public and in the city.
Manchester as well as a number of
private sectors, and between • The Manchester Residential flood plains that mean that whilst
national and local levels of Design Quality Guidance sets out the flood risk for Manchester
decision making. considerations for high quality remains low there is still a risk to
Despite these challenges, recent residential development within both properties and lives.
progress related to strengthening sustainable neighbourhoods,
adaptation and resilience in which developers will need to
Manchester (and GM) includes: satisfy or exceed. A key element Indicator 2017
of the guidance is to make new
• Greater Manchester has
developments ‘future proof” to Number of properties in Flood
been selected as the UK’s 16,526
the energy demand and supply Warning Areas in Manchester*
‘Urban Pioneer City Region’.
that a zero carbon city requires,
This initiative will inform
and commits Manchester to
the implementation of
moving towards a more resilient
the government’s 25 year
and adaptable built environment.
Environment Plan, launched
in January 2018.
26 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 27WHY WE SET THIS OBJECTIVE Using the same methodology, a We look forward to sharing more
Paris-aligned carbon budget for on this at the Manchester Climate
As part of the SCATTER project05, Manchester has been calculated Change Conference 2018. In the
the Tyndall Centre for Climate as 15 million tonnes CO2. This meantime, it is still vital to consider
Change Research has recently will require us to reduce our scope 1 and 2 emissions, which will
assessed Greater Manchester’s carbon emissions by an average comprise around 65% of the city’s
fair share of global emissions in line of 13% per annum to stay within SCATTER footprint.
with the Paris Agreement. the budget.
Zero carbon objective They calculated a total carbon
budget of 71 million tonnes CO2
Previously our carbon budgets have
been based on scope 1 and 2
Manchester’s Scope
1 and 2 emissions
between 2018 and 2100. The emissions (point-source or ‘direct’ Manchester’s scope 1 and 2
majority of the budget - 67 million carbon emissions and those from carbon emissions are made up
tonnes - is allocated to a series of 5 our energy supply respectively). of 45% from the business sector
year carbon budgets for the period SCATTER builds upon this; also (industrial and commercial),
VISION 2050: 2018 to 2038, with the remaining 4
million tonnes allocated to the
period 2038 to 2100. This means
counting other carbon-intensive
processes that the city’s
inhabitants play a role in, including
with 29% from transportation
and 27% from domestic energy
use. Over the last year domestic
that Greater Manchester’s annual emissions from the city’s waste and energy use is estimated to have
carbon emissions will need to fall residents’ transportation06 beyond
Manchester will adopt and stay within a to near zero (below 0.6 Mt CO2) by the city boundary. As well as
seen the biggest reduction in
emissions. The business sector
scientifically robust carbon budget that 2038 in order to stay within the extending what we count, SCATTER remains the greatest source of
total carbon budget. will help Manchester to develop
is consistent with the Paris agreement to science-based pathways toward
carbon emissions.
limit global average temperature increase these sources of emissions
becoming carbon neutral.
to well below 2°C, ultimately resulting in
Manchester becoming a zero carbon city
by 2050. 05 S
CATTER (Setting City Areas Targets and Trajectories for Emission Reductions) is
underpinned by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for Community Scale Greenhouse Gas
Manchester’s carbon budget, pathway Emissions (GPC). For more information, see info.anthesisgroup.com/scatter-green-cities
and timescales for becoming zero carbon 06 Aviation emissions are accounted for at a national level under SCATTER.
will be kept under ongoing review and
will be subject to revision, to ensure that
the city plays its full role as part of the Manchester’s scope 1 and 2 emissions by sector in 2017 (estimated)
Paris Agreement.
29%
Business (960 ktCO2/yr)
45% Domestic (571 ktCO2/yr)
Transport (623 ktCO2/yr)
27%
28 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 29Manchester’s Carbon Budget 2020 Comparison with other cities
WHAT OUR INDICATORS SHOW
carbon budget for Manchester’s scope 1 and Further analysis by the CO2 Monitoring Group
The Manchester Climate Change Strategy 2017–2050 If we continue decarbonising at this rate, our scope 2 emissions in the period 2005 – 2020 was of Manchester’s CO2 emissions against other
commits Manchester to be a zero carbon city by at 1 and 2 emissions will be close to zero by 2045. 41.7 million tonnes CO2. Since 2005 we have cities and the GM region shows that between
least 2050 to support the Paris Agreement. Our However, the introduction of SCATTER will make emitted 35.6 million tonnes CO2 - this is 1 2014 and 2015 (the latest year for which
analysis of the latest Government figures shows that this more challenging, introducing further emission million tonnes more than budgeted. We now comparative data is available) Manchester’s
over the last year the city’s carbon emissions have sources that the city must decarbonise ahead of have 5 million tonnes CO2 left in the budget. emissions fell by 3.8%, compared to the
fallen from 2.2 million tonnes in 2016 to 2.1 million 2050. It is also vital to continue acting on reducing Our new SCATTER-based carbon budget for average across GM of 5.2% and a Core Cities
tonnes in 2017 – a 2.7% reduction. To date the city has the carbon impact of our consumption along with Manchester from 2018 to 2050, in line with average of 5.5% and a UK average of just
achieved a 34% reduction against the 41% aviation and shipping. the Paris Agreement, has been calculated 1.3%. Moreover, the data shows that whilst
target and is projected to achieve a 38% reduction as 15 million tonnes CO2. This will require previously lagging behind GM and national
in carbon emissions by 2020. average emission reductions of 13% per trends, Manchester’s emissions reductions
annum to stay within the budget. have now caught up, overtaking the national
average but lagging slightly behind the Core
Cities average.
Indicator 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017*
Manchester’s
total CO2
3.27 3.36 3.22 3.23 2.88 3.03 2.74 2.95 2.85 2.40 2.30 2.21 2.15
emissions
(million tonnes)
5.0
Percentage 1.0
change in CO2
n/a +2.8% -4.2% +0.4% -11.0% +5.1% -9.6% +7.7% -3.4% -15.8% -4.1% -3.6% -2.9%
emissions
(per annum) Carbon budget 2005-17
Total carbon budget Excess emissions 2005-17
41.7 MtCO2
Budget remaining 2018-20
* 2016 and 2017 figures estimated based on national trends in GHG Emissions
www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics
35.6
Percentage reduction in total CO2 emissions from 2005 levels Comparative emissions reductions since 2005
Consumed budget
4000 105
Remaining budget Manchester Core Cities
3500 (requires 56% reduction 100
below 2005 levels) Greater Manchester England
3000 95
Target (41% reduction by 2020 UK
2500 90
kt CC2
85
2000
80
1500
75
1000
70
500
65
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
30 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 31Manchester International Airport
On a global scale, emissions from flights are the second
This helps us to think through where the city can best
target its actions and to track the emissions of the LOOKING TOWARDS
most-polluting form of transport after the diesel car.
However, the projected growth of aviation makes it a
airport over time. Importantly this footprint cannot be
used to compare Manchester International Airport
to other airports as reporting methodologies are often
2020 AND BEYOND
major concern across the planet – and this is the case
for Manchester too. In 2015, 23 million passengers inconsistent. Drawing on passenger data, we have
passed through Manchester International Airport and modelled the emissions from all departing passenger
this is projected to double by 2050. It is vital that we flights from Manchester International Airport, taking
work to reduce the emissions associated with aviation. into account the whole duration of the flight. At present,
However, the responsibility for the airport is not we have accounted the emissions for 2014 and 2015
Manchester’s alone - people travel from Greater and hope to continue updating this alongside the new
Manchester and beyond to use the airport and it SCATTER-based carbon budget.
supports global tourism and the region more broadly. Across 2014-2015 the emissions from these flights
Nonetheless, the City of Manchester owns a 35.5% collectively rose 2% to around 3 million tonnes CO2e. The development of a carbon budget 2018- The Manchester Climate Change Board will
share in the airport, it is located within the city bounds Flights destined for Europe (including domestic 2100 for Manchester and corresponding launch the proposed budget at the Manchester
and it drives a significant part of the local economy. emissions) comprised 60% of these emissions. These 5-year carbon budgets in line with the Paris Climate Change Conference in July 2018.
As such, there is no one ‘correct’ way of accounting are the journeys that are most easily replaceable by Agreement by the Tyndall Centre will mean This will be followed by a eight-month period
responsibility for these emissions and it is for this other modes of transport and are a key area of that the city has a robust methodology of work with key partners to begin to develop
reason that they have not been included in our intervention now and in the future. The greatest upon which to measure our progress. our plans to become zero carbon and work with
carbon budgets . emissions per passenger, however, are from those flying residents to engage and support them to take
to North America and Asia. Whilst flights departing for action. We will also work with Manchester City
However, we recognise that it is vital to measure and
European, North American and African destinations fell Council with the aim that the carbon budget
manage the emissions associated with the airport. The
slightly between 2014-2015, emissions from journeys to will be formally adopted as policy for the city
CO2 Monitoring Group has been working to account for
Asia rose 22% in this period. before the end of 2018.
aviation emissions separately. Responding to the
difficulties outlined above, we have opted to report
multiple perspectives on the city’s aviation footprint.
Estimate of Emissions from Passenger Flights Departing Manchester International Airport
3500
3000 Flight destination
2500
North America
2000
kt CC2
Asia
1500 Africa
1000 Europe (exc. domestic)
500 Domestic
0
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
100% 35.5% 19%
Full responsibility Responsibility according Responsibility according
for emissions to City of Manchester to % of Greater Manchester
Ownership population in the city
of Manchester
32 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 MANCHESTER CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY | ANNUAL REVIEW 2018 33You can also read
