Massage and Cancer A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends - Cancer Council NSW
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Massage and Cancer
A guide for people with cancer,
their families and friends
Practical
and support
information
www.cancercouncil.com.auMassage and Cancer A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends First published February 2008. This edition September 2014. © Cancer Council Australia 2014. ISBN 978-1-925136-38-8 Massage and Cancer is reviewed approximately every three years. Check the publication date above to ensure this copy is up to date. Acknowledgements This edition has been developed by Cancer Council NSW on behalf of all other state and territory Cancer Councils as part of a National Publications Working Group initiative. We thank the reviewers of this booklet: Kate Butler, Supervising Oncology Massage Therapist, Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, VIC; Dragana Ceprnja, Health Professional Educator, Westmead Hospital, NSW; Erinna Ford, Consumer; Jane Hutchens, Naturopath and Registered Nurse, NSW; Katherine Maka, Senior Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist, Westmead Hospital, NSW; Jim Olds, Vice President of Australian Natural Therapists Association, QLD; Helpline Operators, Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Council SA. We would also like to thank the health professionals and consumers who worked on the previous editions of this title. We also acknowledge the input of US-based massage therapist Gayle MacDonald, who wrote the first edition of this title. Editor: Kerry Eyles. Designer: Eleonora Pelosi. Printer: SOS Print + Media Group. Note to reader Always consult your doctor about matters that affect your health. This booklet is intended as a general introduction to the topic and should not be seen as a substitute for medical, legal or financial advice. You should obtain appropriate independent professional advice relevant to your specific situation and you may wish to discuss issues raised in this book with them. All care is taken to ensure that the information in this booklet is accurate at the time of publication. Please note that information on cancer, including the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer, is constantly being updated and revised by medical professionals and the research community. Cancer Council Australia and its members exclude all liability for any injury, loss or damage incurred by use of or reliance on the information provided in this booklet. Cancer Council NSW Cancer Council is the leading cancer charity in NSW. It plays a unique and important role in the fight against cancer through undertaking high-quality research, advocating on cancer issues, providing information and services to the public and people with cancer, and raising funds for cancer programs. This booklet is funded through the generosity of the people of NSW. To make a donation to help defeat cancer, visit Cancer Council’s website at www.cancercouncil.com.au or phone 1300 780 113. Cancer Council NSW 153 Dowling Street, Woolloomooloo NSW 2011 Cancer Council Helpline 13 11 20 Telephone 02 9334 1900 Facsimile 02 9334 1741 Email feedback@nswcc.org.au Website www.cancercouncil.com.au ABN 51 116 463 846
Introduction Complementary therapies are widely used in Australia, and many people with cancer use them during treatment for cancer. Massage is a commonly used complementary therapy to provide relaxation and relief from some symptoms of cancer. Massage therapists use different terms to describe this technique, such as touch therapies and bodywork. We hope this booklet will help you understand more about massage. It explains the benefits of touch and massage during and following cancer treatment. It includes advice on how to receive a safe, comfortable massage from a professional therapist, as well as tips for family members and friends who wish to give you a simple, gentle massage at home. This booklet does not need to be read from cover to cover – just read the parts that are useful to you. Some terms that may be unfamiliar are explained in the glossary. You may like to pass this booklet to your family and friends for their information. This booklet was developed with help from a range of health professionals including massage experts and people affected by cancer who have used massage as a complementary therapy. Cancer Council Helpline 13 11 20 can arrange telephone support in different languages for non-English speakers. You can also call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) direct on 13 14 50.
Contents Touch therapies................................................................. 4 Touch through massage........................................................................ 4 Key questions.................................................................... 5 What is massage?................................................................................. 5 Why do people with cancer use massage?.......................................... 5 What are the benefits of massage?....................................................... 6 Is massage safe for people with cancer? ............................................. 6 Where can I have a massage?.............................................................. 7 Research into massage for people with cancer.................................... 8 Key points............................................................................................. 9 Types of massage and touch therapies........................ 10 Having a professional massage..................................... 13 Choosing a massage therapist............................................................ 13 Discussing your medical history.......................................................... 14 Setting the scene................................................................................ 15 Taking it slowly.................................................................................... 15 Feeling safe......................................................................................... 16 Making the right adjustments........................................ 17 Adjustments for different treatments................................................... 17 Adjustments for people after cancer treatment.................................. 18 Massage for children........................................................................... 19 Adjustments for the end of life............................................................ 20 Key points........................................................................................... 21
Simple massage at home............................................... 22 Preparing for a massage..................................................................... 22 Massage techniques........................................................................... 24 Self-help with acupressure.................................................................. 26 Key points........................................................................................... 28 Finding a professional massage therapist.................... 29 Seeking support.............................................................. 30 Caring for someone with cancer................................... 31 Useful websites............................................................... 32 Question checklist........................................................... 33 Glossary...................................................................... 34
Touch therapies
Touch is important for wellbeing. It helps people of all ages, from
babies to the elderly, and on many levels – including physical and
emotional. Evidence suggests it improves sleep, reduces muscular
tension, provides a sense of calm, and can improve self-image,
concentration and quality of life.
Touch is important during illness. It can express care, reassurance
and support. During treatment or when you feel discomfort or
anxiety, touch from friends or family can be comforting.
What are body-based practices?
Body-based practices involve a series of specialised movements
or strokes on a person’s body to provide relaxation or relief from
physical and emotional symptoms. They are sometimes called
touch, physical or manual therapies; soft tissue techniques; or
bodywork. Massage is a body-based practice.
Touch through massage
Holding hands, hugging or sitting close to someone are ways a
person with cancer can receive touch. You can also receive touch
through massage.
Massage can reduce anxiety and pain, decrease nausea, and
improve energy and wellbeing. Touch through massage is a way
to communicate love or care, and to help re-connect with yourself
and others. It can also create a nurturing environment.
4 Cancer CouncilKey questions
Q: What is massage?
A: Massage is an ancient technique that involves manipulating
muscles and rubbing or stroking soft tissues of the body.
Massage is considered a type of complementary therapy.
Complementary therapies aim to treat the whole person,
not just the symptoms of disease. They are used together
with conventional or mainstream medicine. Complementary
therapies are not used instead of cancer treatments such as
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or drug therapy.
While massage doesn’t treat the cancer itself, it may help
reduce the side effects caused by conventional treatments
and improve quality of life and wellbeing.
Q: Why do people with cancer use
massage?
A: As well as improving physical symptoms, some people with
cancer say that having a massage:
• makes them feel whole again
• helps them to relax
• helps them share feelings in an informal setting
• makes them feel more positive about their body
• rebuilds hope.
Research shows that massage of muscle and soft tissue does not
spread cancer cells.
Key questions 5Q: What are the benefits of massage?
A: Scientific studies have looked at the effects of various
body-based practices on people having cancer treatments
such as chemotherapy and surgery. These studies have shown
that massage may reduce:
• pain
• fatigue
• nausea
• anxiety and depression.
See page 8 for more information.
Individuals who have had massages during cancer treatments
have reported a range of positive outcomes such as
improvements in:
• sleep
• the health of the scar tissue
• quality of life
• mental clarity and alertness
• the range of movement.
Q: Is massage safe for people with
cancer?
A: Light, relaxing massage can safely be given to people at all
stages of cancer. Tumour or treatment sites should not be
massaged to avoid discomfort or pressure on the affected
area and underlying organs. If you have any concerns, talk to
your doctor or call Cancer Council Helpline 13 11 20.
6 Cancer CouncilSome people worry that massage can spread cancer
cells throughout the body via the lymphatic system. The
lymphatic system is a network of vessels, organs and nodes
through which lymphatic fluid (lymph) flows. It is part of
the body’s immune system. Lymphatic circulation occurs
naturally as we move.
Cancer may spread (metastasise) into the lymphatic system
via the lymph nodes, or it may start in the lymphatic system
itself. However, the circulation of lymph – from massage
or other movement – does not cause cancer to spread.
Researchers have shown that cancer develops and spreads
because of changes to a cell’s DNA (genetic mutations) and
other processes in the body.
Q: Where can I have a massage?
A: Massage may be offered to cancer patients in some hospitals
and hospices. Ask your doctor or nurse if massage is available
at the centre where you are having your treatment. Some
patients are able to have chemotherapy and a hand or foot
massage at the same time, or you may prefer to have the
massage after the treatment has finished.
You can also have a massage from a private practitioner in
their own rooms. See Finding a professional massage therapist
on page 29 for more information. Some massage therapists
have undertaken specialist oncology massage training. Go to
www.oncologymassagetraining.com.au to find one near you.
Key questions 7Research into massage for people with cancer
• Several clinical studies show hospital had a 20-minute
that massage can reduce massage, and people
symptoms such as stress, treated as outpatients had
nausea, pain, fatigue and a 60-minute session. The
depression. study found that overall,
massage therapy reduced
• A systematic review1 of
pain, nausea, fatigue, anxiety
studies on aromatherapy
and depression. The benefits
and massage for relieving
lasted longer in the patients
symptoms in people with
who had the 60-minute
cancer looked at 10 studies
session.
including eight randomised
controlled trials. It found • Another American study3
that massage consistently of 39 people looked at the
reduced anxiety and safety and effectiveness
depression. Massage also of massage in reducing
helped lower nausea and stress hormone levels in
pain, but not as consistently. patients with blood cancer.
It randomised people to
• A large American study2
receive aromatherapy,
published in 2004 looked
massage or rest. The study
at the effects of massage
concluded that massage
therapy on almost 1300
significantly reduced the
people with cancer over
stress hormone.
three years. People in
1
Fellowes D, Barnes K, Wilkinson SSM. Aromatherapy and massage for
symptoms relief in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews 2008, Iss 4.
2
Cassileth BR, Vickers AJ. Massage therapy for symptom control: outcome study
at a major cancer centre. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004 Sep; 28 (3): 244–9.
3
Stringer J et al. Massage in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy reduces
serum cortisol and prolactin. Psycho-Oncology 2008 Oct; 17 (10): 1024–31.
8 Cancer CouncilKey points
• Massage is a type of • Research shows that
complementary therapy. massage doesn’t spread
cancer.
• Massage works by using
rubbing or stroking to move • Massage can be safely given
muscles and soft tissues of to people with any stage
the body. of cancer, although some
adjustments may be needed.
• While massage doesn’t
treat cancer, it may help • Massage can be done by
reduce the side effects of a professional massage
conventional treatments and therapist or by family and
improve quality of life. friends.
• Some of the benefits of • Some massage therapists
massage include reducing have undertaken specialist
pain, fatigue, nausea, anxiety oncology massage training.
and depression. It may also See page 13.
help manage the symptoms
of lymphoedema. • If you have any concerns
regarding massage consult
• Some of the reasons people your doctor or health care
with cancer have massages provider.
include making them feel
whole again, helping them
share feelings in an informal
setting, re-establishing a
positive body image and
rebuilding hope.
Key questions 9Types of massage and
touch therapies
There are many different types of massage therapy, and it’s
important to choose the right massage for your needs.
The style used for people with cancer or recovering from it will
depend on the treatment they’re having.
Massage styles
Pressure points on the body are massaged to change
acupressure the flow of energy in the body and relieve physical
symptoms in different organs.
Aromatic essential oils made from selected flowers
aromatherapy and plants are blended and applied to the skin during
a massage to help release stress and tension.
Hawaiian style of massage that uses large, broad
lomi lomi or ka huna
movements to stimulate the flow of energy and help
massage
release stress and tension.
manual lymphatic Gentle strokes that stimulate the movement of
drainage lymphatic fluid.
Gentle sustained pressure and strokes to soft tissue
myofascial release
to help relieve pain and restore motion.
10 Cancer CouncilMost commonly, soft and gentle styles are recommended.
Regardless of the massage style used, it will be adapted for you.
Massage, for me, makes an unbearable day
bearable. Melissa
The feet and hands are stimulated in specific
reflexology areas (reflex points) that correspond to other
parts of the body.
Massage is focused on the head, neck,
seated chair massage shoulders, back and arms to release stress
and tension.
Pressure points are massaged lightly with the
shiatsu fingers, thumbs, elbows, knees, hands and feet
to improve circulation and restore energy.
Long, flowing strokes tone soft tissues, stimulate
Swedish massage circulation, improve oxygen flow and relax
muscles. It is the most common massage style.
Specific points in the soft tissue of the body
trigger point therapy are compressed and stretched to reduce
muscular pain.
Types of massage and touch therapies 11Other touch therapies
Personal accounts from people with cancer suggest that these gentle styles
of touch may help promote relaxation and reduce pain.
Through gentle touching and the movement
Bowen therapy of soft tissue and muscles, the body feels
deeply relaxed.
Gently releases tension from the soft tissue of
craniosacral therapy the head, spine and pelvis, aiming to improve
overall wellbeing.
The therapist’s hands softly touch the body
healing touch to help restore an inner feeling of harmony,
balance and wellbeing.
Fingertips or hands are placed on key parts
jin shin jyutsu of the body and special breathing techniques
help restore the body’s energy.
Gently touching and rocking the body, and
polarity therapy stretching or rotating the legs, can lead to
deep relaxation and improved wellbeing.
The hands are gently placed in different
positions along the body or slightly above
reiki the body, which can be calming and relaxing.
Because of the limited touch involved this is
sometimes considered an energy therapy.
Soothing, rhythmic movements along the
therapeutic touch body promote peacefulness and relaxation
by restoring the body’s energy.
12 Cancer CouncilHaving a professional
massage
Choosing a massage therapist
It is recommended that you choose a therapist who is a member of
a professional massage association (see page 29 for details). These
associations ensure that members have received adequate training
in massage, undertake continuing professional education, and have
a current first-aid certificate and professional indemnity insurance.
Ideally a therapist has at least a Diploma of Massage or equivalent.
Oncology massage therapists
Some massage therapists have undertaken specialist training in
massage for cancer (oncology massage). To find a local oncology
massage therapist see www.oncologymassagetraining.com.au
and enter your postcode in the ‘Find Your Nearest Therapist’ box.
Ask a potential massage therapist about their training and
experience, and whether they’ve worked with people who have
cancer. Other questions include:
• Do you have any specialist oncology massage training?
• What certification do you hold as a massage therapist?
• What types of massage or touch therapies have you been trained
in? (See pages 10–12 for a list of different therapies.)
• What modifications would you make for me?
• What type of clients do you most often work with?
(Ideally they are people who require special adjustments such
as infants, the elderly, or those with a serious illness.)
• Are you able to treat me at home if I am unwell?
Having a professional massage 13• Would you be able to liaise with my doctors or other health
professionals, if needed?
• What is the cost?
• Are your services covered by my health fund?
Discussing your medical history
It is important to talk about your medical history with your
massage therapist, even if the massage is part of a beauty routine
such as a facial or pedicure. This will help the therapist make the
right adjustments to the session so that it’s safe and comfortable.
The therapist may need to decrease the pressure of their strokes
and avoid areas affected by cancer.
Give your therapist information
Let the therapist know if you have any of the following symptoms
or side effects from treatment:
• fatigue • sensitivity to certain scents
• easy bruising or bleeding or smells
• low white blood cell count • skin conditions such as
rashes, inflammation, broken
• recent blood clot
areas of skin, or fungal
• oedema or lymphoedema infections
• nausea
• medical devices such as a
• pain catheter or stoma bag
• incisions or scars from • cancer in the bones, or
surgery fragile bones as a result of
• neuropathy osteoporosis.
14 Cancer CouncilMost professional massage sessions last 30–60 minutes and
cost $60–$80 per hour. Prices vary, depending on the therapist’s
location, training, experience and style of massage being used. If
you have private health insurance, check with your fund whether
you’re eligible for a rebate.
Setting the scene
Massage usually occurs in a warm, quiet room. It can be given
either while you lie on a massage table or sit in a chair. It can
involve only part of the body or the whole body. You can have a
massage while you’re fully clothed or directly on the skin. If you
have undressed, only the area being worked on will be exposed.
The other parts of your body will be covered by a towel or blanket.
The therapist may place pillows under different parts of your body
so they’re supported. Let the therapist know if you need anything
relevant to the session such as a change in pressure or another
blanket. You may like to close your eyes during the massage.
Taking it slowly
When starting a massage program, it’s important for the therapist to
begin with moderately light pressure. The therapist should consider
your state of health at the time and your recent treatments.
Judge the effects of the session not only by how the massage feels
while you’re having it, but by how you feel 24 hours afterwards.
While a massage may feel comfortable at the time, a few hours
Having a professional massage 15later or the next day you may feel light-headed, tired or in pain,
even if the pressure was light. Massage related soreness should
subside within 48 hours. If the symptoms persist consult your
doctor. If you do not feel any side effects from the massage and
want to increase the pressure of the strokes at your next session,
ask the massage therapist to do so gradually until you find the
right level of pressure for you.
Feeling safe
You should feel safe, respected and comfortable during a massage.
Communicate your needs to the therapist (e.g. let them know if
their pressure is too strong or if you’re feeling cold). If you feel
uncomfortable for any reason, or the therapist is unable to make
the adjustments you have requested, ask them to stop the session.
• Talk to your doctor before • Choose a massage time that
having a massage. suits you. You may find it
helpful to have the massage
• A letter from your oncologist before your pain becomes
outlining your diagnosis
severe or you get tired.
and treatment will help your
massage therapist develop an • Tell the therapist if you are
appropriate treatment plan. sensitive to any lotions, oils
or scents.
• Tell the therapist if something
hurts or causes discomfort, • Record how the massage
or if there’s a certain area that feels in a journal or pain diary.
shouldn’t be massaged.
16 Cancer CouncilMaking the right
adjustments
Cancer treatments can be demanding on the body. Massage
during treatment and recovery may lift your mood, and offer
comfort and support. However, a person having chemotherapy
or radiotherapy needs a different type of massage to an athlete.
The therapist will need to adjust the pressure and speed of strokes.
Most people with cancer can enjoy the benefits of a massage that
has been adapted to suit their needs. After a massage people say
they feel relaxed, more energetic and nurtured.
Adjustments for different treatments
Chemotherapy – This drug treatment affects the whole body. If
you have a chemotherapy port, massage should not be done in this
area. Some people who have chemotherapy experience tingling in
their hands or feet, and may find they bruise or bleed easily. Massage
should be light with no pressure on the areas that are affected.
Radiotherapy – The skin may be sensitive to touch after
radiotherapy treatment. It may look red and appear sunburnt. If you
are having radiotherapy, you should avoid massage to the treated
area as you may find even light touch uncomfortable. Massage oils
may make already irritated skin feel worse.
Surgery – Recovery after surgery takes time, and it’s important to
avoid massaging the area of the operation. However, you may wish
to massage other areas of the body. Gentle ‘lotioning’ massage
with soft hands or gently holding other areas can provide comfort
and support.
Making the right adjustments 17After surgery, seek advice from a therapist who has been specially
trained in massaging scarred tissue. See page 13.
Adjustments for people after
cancer treatment
Ask your therapist to use less pressure in areas where you are still
experiencing discomfort. Eventually, you may be able to try more
firm types of massage, but some conditions, listed below, will require
adjustments to the massage technique for a long period of time.
Risk of lymphoedema – If you’ve had lymph nodes removed
from the neck, armpit or groin during diagnosis or treatment, or
if you’ve had radiotherapy to these areas, you should only have a
very gentle massage in that area of the body. Massage needs to be
light, and ideally is part of a manual lymphatic drainage or total
lymphatic drainage treatment.
Therapists not trained in these techniques should avoid the
affected area. To find a registered lymphoedema practitioner,
see www.lymphoedema.org.au.
Bone fragility – Some treatments, such as radiation or
medications, or the disease itself, may cause the bones to become
more fragile. Care should be taken to avoid undue pressure.
Neuropathy – Certain chemotherapy drugs can cause long-term
numbness in the hands and feet. A lighter pressure is best for
those areas.
18 Cancer CouncilHaving regular massage with a lymphoedema
practitioner means that someone else is keeping an
objective eye on my lymphatic arm to assess changes.
It’s also helped me maintain my mobility and flexibility,
and relieved discomfort and tightness. Lilly
Massage for children
Many parents are interested in how massage might help their child
during treatment or recovery. If you have a child with cancer, you
may want to learn some simple massage techniques as a way of
being actively involved in their care.
How to prepare a child for a massage
• Reassure your child that • Let your child know they can
massage is safe and won’t stop the massage at anytime
hurt them. if they feel uncomfortable or
don’t want to be touched in
• Explain or demonstrate a particular way.
the massage technique on
yourself or your child before • Parents can remain in a
the massage session begins. massage session with their
child, though an older child
• Allow your child to feel and might prefer to be alone.
smell the oil.
Ask what suits them.
• Ask your child if they’d
like the lights dimmed or
soothing music played
during the session.
Making the right adjustments 19Adjustments for the end of life
Providing touch during the last stages of life can offer comfort
and let someone know they’re important and loved. It can
also be a way of spending quiet time together in a pleasurable
and undemanding way. Receiving a massage during palliative
care may reduce the person’s pain and they may need fewer
medications. Some people worry that having a massage during
this time may relax them too deeply and they may let go and pass
away. They and their family may need to be reassured that this is
unlikely to happen.
A massage therapist or family members or friends can provide the
massage. Having a professional massage may give family members
and friends the opportunity to rest, eat or go for walk. Some
people want a full-body massage, while others may want only
parts of the body massaged or to just have their hand held. At the
end of life, just holding a person’s hand can bring comfort.
• Follow the lead of the person in control of an uncontrollable
having the massage. Any situation.
signs that they don’t want
to be massaged must be
• Allow the person to do
what she or he can do for
respected. Sometimes they
themselves.
may just want company
rather than a massage. • Teach the family or friends
how to provide a gentle foot
• Give the person choices. or hand massage.
This will help them feel more
20 Cancer CouncilKey points
• With the right adjustments • If you’ve had lymph nodes
most people with cancer can removed, you may be at risk
enjoy the benefits of massage of lymphoedema. Massage
therapy. needs to be very light. Ask
if you can have a manual
• After a massage that has or total lymphatic drainage
been adjusted to suit you, treatment.
you will probably feel relaxed,
more energetic and nurtured. • Children with cancer can
also benefit from a massage
• If you have a port in place to during treatment or recovery.
receive chemotherapy, the Parents may want to learn
therapist should avoid areas some simple massage
close to the port. techniques as a way of being
involved in their child’s care.
• After radiotherapy treatment
you may find your skin looks • Touch during the last stages
red and is sensitive to touch. of life can be comforting.
You may find even a light
touch on the treatment area • Receiving a massage during
uncomfortable. palliative care may reduce
the person’s pain and need
• While you are recovering from for medications.
surgery, a massage therapist
can hold or stroke areas • Family and friends can give a
away from the wound with massage but should always
soft hands. follow the lead of the patient.
Making the right adjustments 21Simple massage at home
Family and friends often want to do something useful for you.
One way they can help is by giving you a simple, gentle massage.
This can bring comfort to both people and be a way of showing
love and acceptance.
Preparing for a massage
It’s a good idea to prepare yourself and the place where the
massage will take place before you begin.
• Make sure the room is a comfortable temperature. You may
want to have a blanket nearby in case you get cold.
• Choose a comfortable position. You may want to lie down or sit
in a chair. Pillows under the knees, feet or tummy may help you
feel relaxed.
• Ask family and friends to remove their jewellery and cut their
nails before they touch you to avoid causing you discomfort.
• Pick a time that suits you. You may want to have the massage
before pain becomes severe or you feel tired. The length of a
massage session can vary – any duration from a few minutes
here and there to a planned half-hour can help.
• Use lotion or oil during a massage to help keep the movement
smooth and minimise irritation or discomfort. Warm the lotion
or oil by rubbing it in your hands. Don’t use oil just prior to
having radiotherapy.
22 Cancer Council• Remove clothing from the area to be massaged if this is more
comfortable or remain clothed if you prefer.
• Let the person giving the massage know how the massage makes
you feel. If you feel pain or discomfort, ask them for gentler
pressure or to change the area of massage. They must also make
the same adjustments that a professional would by reducing
their pressure, the direction of the strokes and the speed of the
massage strokes.
• Keep a record of the massage and how it made you feel in a
journal or pain diary. This may help you to give useful feedback
to the therapist on your next visit.
Massage makes a difference
Providing there are no skin For more detailed instructions
issues, blood clots or medical on how to provide a simple
devices in the arm you can do massage at home:
a hand massage anywhere –
at home while watching TV,
• speak to a massage
therapist
lying in a bed or sitting in a
waiting room. • source massage books at
your local library, bookstore
See the following pages for or online bookstore.
some instructions on simple
massage techniques you can
use at home.
Simple massage at home 23Massage techniques
Hand massage
Apply lotion to the hand and with
your thumbs resting gently on the
palm of the hand, apply circular
motion to the palm of the hand and
then apply a comfortable pressure
up along each of the fingers.
Head and ear massage
Head massage
Applying pressure to the head and
ear area is calming, reduces pain
and may help with sleep.
Sit down for this massage – or do
it yourself.
Using moderate pressure, gently
rotate fingertips all around the crown
of your head. Move to the top of the
Ear massage
ears, gently rubbing them between
the thumb and forefinger, down to the
lobes. Work the fingers behind the
ears and across the back of the skull.
24 Cancer CouncilFoot massage
Apply lotion to the feet with
slow strokes using full-hand
contact. Rest one foot between
the hands and apply moderate
pressure with the thumbs along
the sole of the foot.
Back massage
Apply lotion to the back using
long, slow strokes with full-hand
contact. Gently squeeze muscles
with moderate and controlled
pressure along the length of the
back. You may prefer to lie on
your side rather than face down
for this massage.
Massage gave me something to look forward to
during a very bleak time. Nathan
Simple massage at home 25Self-help with acupressure
Acupressure is similar to acupuncture – without the needles – and
it is easy to do yourself. Pressure points on the body correspond to
different organs. Massaging these points gently can help relieve a
variety of symptoms. Focus on each point for a few minutes using
a soft touch and repeat on both sides of the body.
Xiphoid process – The area at the lower end of the breastbone
(sternum) is called the xiphoid process. Gently circling the fingers
on the xiphoid process is calming for many people.
Abdominal massage – Apply lotion to the whole abdomen
gently, in a clockwise direction. Also circle the fingers around the
bellybutton. This soothes the entire body.
Pressure point: pericardium 6 – This point is in between the
ligaments (fibrous tissue) of the wrist. Measure three finger widths
from the base of the palm. Hold the point with moderate pressure
for several minutes or apply small circular strokes with firm
pressure. This helps reduce nausea, pain, anxiety, insomnia and
breathing difficulties.
Pressure point: large intestine 4 – Massage the muscle
between the thumb and forefinger to help stimulate intestinal
activity, and possibly ease constipation.
Pressure point: kidney 1 – Located in the middle of the foot. To
massage this point, roll the arch of the foot or entire foot over a
tennis ball on the floor. This can increase energy and reduce anxiety.
26 Cancer CouncilAcupressure points
on the body
Xiphoid process
Abdominal massage
Pressure point: pericardium 6
Pressure point:
large intestine 4
Pressure point: kidney 1
Simple massage at home 27Key points
• Family and friends can help • Suggest they use lotion or oil
by giving you a simple, gentle during the massage to help
massage. keep the movements smooth.
• The timing of the massage is • You can also try massaging
important. Pick a time of day some pressure points on
that suits you (e.g. before you yourself. The different pressure
feel too tired). points correspond to different
organs. Massaging these
• There are many different types points gently can help relieve
of massage techniques your a variety of symptoms, such
family and friends can try at as nausea, pain, anxiety,
home: hand, head and ear, insomnia, breathing difficulties
foot or back. and constipation.
• Before you have a massage,
make sure the room is a
comfortable temperature
and choose a comfortable
position. You may want to ask
the person massaging you to
remove their jewellery or cut
their nails to avoid causing you
discomfort.
• Talk to the person giving the
massage. Let them know what
feels good and what feels
uncomfortable so that they
can make adjustments.
28 Cancer CouncilFinding a professional
massage therapist
To find a qualified massage therapist, contact one of the
professional massage organisations listed below and ask for a list
of therapists in your area. If you need treatment for lymphoedema
symptoms see a therapist trained in lymphatic drainage.
Visit the Lymphoedema Practitioners’ Register website at
www.lymphoedema.org.au to find a qualified therapist.
See page 13–14 for a list of questions to ask a potential therapist.
Organisation Contact details
Association of Massage 02 9211 2441
Therapists www.amt.org.au
Australian Association 1300 138 872
of Massage Therapists http://aamt.com.au
Australian Natural 1800 817 577
Therapists Association www.anta.com.au
Australian Traditional 1800 456 855
Medicine Society www.atms.com.au
Bowen Association 1300 780 638
of Australia www.bowen.org.au
Bowen Therapists 1300 426 936
Federation of Australia www.bowen.asn.au
Oncology Massage www.oncologymassagetraining.
Training com.au
Reflexology Association 1300 733 711
of Australia www.reflexology.org.au
Finding a professional massage therapist 29Seeking support
Coping with cancer isn’t something you have to do alone. Getting
in touch with other people who have been through a similar
experience can be beneficial. There are many ways to contact others
for mutual support and to share information. These include:
• face-to-face support groups – often held in community
centres or hospitals
• telephone support groups – facilitated by trained counsellors
• peer support programs – match you with someone who has
had a similar cancer experience, e.g. Cancer Connect
• online forums – such as www.cancerconnections.com.au.
In these support settings, most people feel they can speak openly,
share tips with others, and just be themselves. You may find you
feel comfortable talking about any post-treatment issues you are
experiencing.
Ask your nurse or social worker to tell you about support groups
in your area. Call the Helpline to access the Cancer Services
Directory and find out how you can connect with others.
Joining a consumer advocacy group can also be rewarding for
people who want to use their experience to make a difference for
others. Visit www.cancervoices.org.au for more information.
30 Cancer CouncilCaring for someone
with cancer
You may be reading this booklet because you are caring for
someone with cancer. Being a carer can be stressful and cause you
much anxiety. Try to look after yourself – give yourself some time
out and share your worries and concerns with somebody neutral
such as a counsellor or your doctor.
Many cancer support groups and cancer education programs are
open to carers, as well as people with cancer. Support groups and
programs can offer valuable opportunities to share experiences
and ways of coping.
Support services such as Home Help, Meals on Wheels or
visiting nurses can help you in your caring role. There are also
many groups and organisations that can provide you with
information and support, such as Carers Australia, the national
body representing carers in Australia. Carers Australia works
with the Carers Associations in each of the states and territories.
Phone 1800 242 636 or visit www.carersaustralia.com.au for more
information and resources.
You can also call Cancer Council Helpline 13 11 20 to find out
more about carers’ services and get a copy of the Caring for
Someone with Cancer booklet.
Carers can try acupressure on themselves or the person with
cancer. See pages 26–27 for instructions.
Caring for someone with cancer 31Useful websites
The internet has many useful resources, although not all websites
are reliable. The websites listed below are good sources of support
and information.
Australian
Cancer Council Australia ��������������������������������������� www.cancer.org.au
Cancer Australia......................................http://canceraustralia.gov.au
Carers Australia....................................... www.carersaustralia.com.au
Department of Health ����������������������������������������������www.health.gov.au
healthdirect Australia......................................www.healthdirect.gov.au
beyondblue......................................................www.beyondblue.org.au
Australian Lymphology Association ������������� www.lymphoedema.org.au
International
Macmillan Cancer Support �������������������������������www.macmillan.org.uk
Cancer Research UK................................www.cancerresearch.org.uk
American Cancer Society �������������������������������������������� www.cancer.org
US National Cancer Institute ���������������������������������������www.cancer.gov
Society for Oncology Massage ������������������������������������� www.s4om.org
32 Cancer CouncilQuestion checklist
You might find this checklist helpful when thinking about the
questions you want to ask your doctor about massage. If your
doctor gives you answers you don’t understand, it is okay to ask
for clarification.
• Are there any types of massage or touch-based therapies that
would benefit me?
• Are there any types of massage or touch-based therapies I
shouldn’t have?
• Can you provide me with a letter giving your approval for me
to have massage?
• Are there any areas on my body where the massage therapist
needs to take special care?
• Can the treatment/tumour area be touched or should it be
avoided altogether?
• Can you recommend a therapist in my area?
Question checklist 33Glossary
acupressure radiotherapy, hormone therapy,
An ancient technique that is similar to immunotherapy and pharmaceutical
acupuncture but uses non-invasive medications.
pressure on specific points in the body
to unblock energy and restore health. energy therapies
aromatherapy Therapies based on the concept of
The use of essential oils extracted energy or vital force surrounding or
from plants to improve mood, physical running through the body.
symptoms and general wellbeing.
healing touch
base oil A gentle bodywork technique in which
An oil used in massage or soft touch helps to restore harmony
aromatherapy that allows the massage and balance by working with the flow
therapist to work over the skin easily. of energy in the body.
Base oils can be applied directly to the
skin. Also called a carrier oil. immune system
body-based practices A network of cells and organs that
A range of therapies that involve defends the body against attacks by
touching the body or the energy field foreign invaders, such as bacteria and
surrounding the body. Also called viruses.
bodywork.
Bowen therapy lymphatic fluid
A non-invasive bodywork technique in A clear fluid that circulates around the
which the therapist’s hands touch the body through the lymphatic system,
body lightly but with precise movements carrying cells that fight infection. Also
to help it re-set and rebalance itself. This called lymph.
promotes pain relief. lymphatic system
A network of tissues, capillaries,
complementary therapies vessels, ducts and nodes that removes
Supportive treatments that are used excess fluid from tissues, absorbs fatty
in conjunction with conventional acids and transports fat, and produces
treatment. They may improve general immune cells.
health, wellbeing and quality of life, lymphoedema
and help people cope with side effects Swelling caused by a build-up of
of cancer. lymph fluid. This happens when lymph
conventional cancer treatments vessels or nodes don’t drain properly.
Commonly used, scientifically
validated treatments for cancer, manual lymphatic drainage
including surgery, chemotherapy, A type of specialised massage in
34 Cancer Councilwhich therapists help to reduce the pressure points
swelling caused by lymphoedema by Areas on the body that correspond to
manually stimulating the flow of lymph. different organs and may offer relief
massage from a variety of symptoms.
A type of bodywork therapy in which
muscles are stimulated, stretched and randomised controlled trial
relaxed through specialised pressure A clinical trial in which participants are
and strokes. randomly allocated to receive the new
massage therapist treatment or the standard treatment
A person who practices therapeutic (the control).
massage. They may be a member of a reflexology
professional massage association, and A type of complementary therapy.
can practice independently or in The therapist stimulates specific points
a medical setting. (reflex points) on the feet or hands
metastasis using gentle pressure. This is said to
A cancer that has spread from where support the body’s natural healing
it started in the body to another part processes and improve wellbeing.
of the body. Also called secondary
cancer. side effects
Unintended effect of a drug or
neuropathy treatment.
Damage to the nerves. Symptoms soft tissue techniques
include numbness, tingling, weakness A range of manual therapy techniques
and discomfort in the feet or directed towards muscles and
hands. Can be caused by certain connective tissues in the body.
chemotherapy drugs.
trigger point
oedema A sensitive area of the body which
The presence of an excessive amount when stimulated gives rise to a
of fluid around the cells or tissues of reaction elsewhere in the body.
the body.
oncology massage training
Specialist training for massage
therapists to develop their awareness
Can’t find what you’re looking for?
and expertise to modify conventional
massage for someone with a history For more cancer-related words, visit
or diagnosis of cancer. www.cancercouncil.com.au/words or
www.cancervic.org.au/glossary.
Glossary 35How you can help
At Cancer Council we’re dedicated to improving cancer control.
As well as funding millions of dollars in cancer research every
year, we advocate for the highest quality care for cancer
patients and their families. We create cancer-smart communities
by educating people about cancer, its prevention and early
detection. We offer a range of practical and support services for
people and families affected by cancer. All these programs would
not be possible without community support, great and small.
Join a Cancer Council event: Join one of our community
fundraising events such as Daffodil Day, Australia’s Biggest
Morning Tea, Relay For Life, Girls Night In and Pink Ribbon Day,
or hold your own fundraiser or become a volunteer.
Make a donation: Any gift, large or small, makes a meaningful
contribution to our work in supporting people with cancer and
their families now and in the future.
Buy Cancer Council sun protection products: Every purchase
helps you prevent cancer and contribute financially to our goals.
Help us speak out for a cancer-smart community: We are a
leading advocate for cancer prevention and improved patient
services. You can help us speak out on important cancer issues
and help us improve cancer awareness by living and promoting a
cancer-smart lifestyle.
Join a research study: Cancer Council funds and carries out
research investigating the causes, management, outcomes and
impacts of different cancers. You may be able to join a study.
To find out more about how you, your family and friends can
help, please call your local Cancer Council.
36 Cancer CouncilCancer Council
Helpline 13 11 20
Cancer Council Helpline is a telephone information service
provided by Cancer Council NSW for people affected by cancer.
For the cost of a local call (except from mobiles), you can
talk confidentially with oncology health professionals about
any concerns. Helpline consultants can send you information
and put you in touch with services in your area. If you need
information in a language other than English, an interpreting
service is available.
You can call the Helpline, Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm.
If you have difficulty communicating over the phone, contact
the National Relay Service (www.relayservice.com.au) to help
you communicate with a Cancer Council Helpline consultant.
For more information, go to www.cancercouncil.com.au.
Regional offices
Central and North Sydney Western
Southern Sydney Crows Nest Wagga Wagga
Woolloomooloo 02 9334 1600 02 6937 2600
02 9334 1900
Northern Western Sydney
Hunter and Byron Bay Parramatta
Central Coast 02 6639 1300 02 9354 2000
Charlestown
Southern
02 4923 0700
North Wollongong
02 4223 0200MASSAGE AND CANCER
For support and
information on cancer
and cancer-related
issues, call Cancer
Council Helpline. This
is a confidential service.
SEP 2014 CAN788
For further information and details please
visit our website: www.cancercouncil.com.auYou can also read
