PHYSICS International GCSE Scheme of Work 2017 2018 - Student version - King ...
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PHYSICS
International GCSE
Scheme of Work
2017 - 2018
King Edward VIth School Southampton
Student versionA note to students using this scheme of work
This is the course as we teach it at King Edward’s. And at this time especially each year group will
be following the course in a slightly different manner and on different specifications (different exams
at the end based on different content).
3rd and 4th years in this academic year, 2017-18, are studying the new specification based on the new
1-9 grading system. The 5th years are the last group to be taught the old specification based on the
old A*-E grading system.
Hence only the course order for your current year group is correct for how you will/will have
follow/ed the course through the full three years of study in this document. Although the difference
between this year’s third and fourth years will be minimal.
Using this document
The order of the whole course is on page 4.
Each specification point (what you need to be able to do) is listed in each topic section. This is
essentially what you need to be able to do to in the examination.
Also importantly at the end of each section (Third Year, Fourth Year, and Fifth Year), is a list of
relevant equations that you need to be able to recall from memory in the examination.
Mr Simm (Head of Physics) June 2017
1Course Order
3rd Year 33 Teaching weeks (Allowing 3 weeks lost to exams etc)
From Sept 2016
Electrostatics 5 weeks
Energy Transfers 3 weeks
Waves and Sound 6 weeks
Electromagnetic Spectrum 1-2 weeks
Mechanics I 7 weeks
Mechanics II 6 weeks
Examination (Based on preceeding topics)
Astronomy 4 weeks
4th Year 33 Teaching weeks (Allowing 3 weeks lost to exams etc)
From Sept 2017
Kinematics 5 weeks
Electricity 1 5 weeks
Light 5 weeks
Astrophysics and Cosmology 4 weeks
Forces 3 weeks
Momentum 4 weeks
Electricity in the Home 4 weeks
Examination (Based on preceeding 4th year topics & all 3rd year topics)
Radioactivity – Introduction 3 weeks
25th Year 27 Teaching weeks
Sept 2016- July 2018 From Sept 2018
Radioactivity – Uses 5 weeks Radioactivity - Uses
Energy of Motion 4 weeks Energy of Motion
Magnetism & Electromagnetism 5 weeks Magnetism & ElectroMag
Gas Laws 3 weeks Gas Laws
Mid-sessional Examination
Plus Heat from Sept 2019*
Electromagnetic Induction 4 weeks Electromagnetic Induction
Particles & Nuclear Power 3 weeks Particles and Nuclear Power
* The cohort sitting the 9-1 IGCSE examinations in summer 2019 studied the heat topic in their third year, however from
Sept 2017 the third year allocation was reduced to 4 periods a fortnight, and to allow for this reduction in time the heat
topic was taken out of the third year. Hence the cohort sitting the examinations in summer 2020 will be taught the Heat
topic in their Fifth year.
3Year Planner 2017-18
Week # 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year
1
2
Electro‐ Radioactivity
3 Kinematics I
statics ‐ Uses
4
5
6 Energy Electrical Energy of
7 Transfers Circuits Motion
Half term Half term Half term
8 E of M
Electrical contd.
9
Circuits
10
11 Waves and
Sound Magnetism
12
Light and E‐Mag.
13
14
Christmas Christmas Christmas
15 EM‐Spec Light Mock Exam
16
Astrophysics Gas Laws
17
Mechanics and
18 Cosmology
I
19 Electro‐Mag
20 Forces Induction
Half Term Half Term Half Term
21 Mechanics EMI Contd.
Forces
22 I
Particles and
23
Mechanics Nuclear
24 Momentum
II
25 Revision
Easter Easter Easter
26 Momentum
Mechanics Revision
27 II Electricity in
28 the Home
29
Revision Revision
30
Half Term Half Term
32 Exams Exams
33 Elec Home
34 Radioactivity
Astronomy ‐ Intro
35
36
4Third Year
5Electrostatics
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 2.19-2.25
2.22P identify common materials which are electrical conductors or insulators,
including metals and plastics
2.23P practical: investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction
2.24P explain how positive and negative electrostatic charges are produced on
materials by the loss and gain of electrons
2.25P know that there are forces of attraction between unlike charges and forces
of repulsion between like charges
2.26P explain electrostatic phenomena in terms of the movement of electrons
2.27P explain the potential dangers of electrostatic charges, e.g. when fuelling
aircraft and tankers
2.28P explain some uses of electrostatic charges, e.g. in photocopiers and inkjet
printers
6Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 8, pp. 66-72; p90 Qu 5
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 20-21
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 8, pp. 20-23
Student Experiments
Acetate & polythene rods attraction and repulsion (with watch glasses, balloons, shredded paper)
Gold-leaf electroscope
Stick balloon to wall
Deflect stream of water
Pick-up bits of paper with charged rod
Practical Demonstrations
van de Graaff generator
Whimshurst machine
Computer/iPad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons Balloons and static electricity
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/travoltage John Travoltage
Video
e-stream “Static Electricity – Scientific Eye” 19 mins
DVD 12: Electrostatics 1 and Electrostatics 2
7Energy Transfers
3 weeks
Specification Reference: 4.1-4.5
4.1 use the following units: kilogram (kg), joule (J), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2
(m/s2 ), newton (N), second (s) and watt (W).
4.2 describe energy transfers involving the following forms of energy: thermal (heat), light, electrical,
sound, kinetic, chemical, nuclear and potential (elastic and gravitational)
4.3 use the principle of conservation of energy
4.4 know and use the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output:
100%
4.5 describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the transfer of the
input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams
8Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 15 pp. 127-132
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 35, p. 36 Qu. 1-3, pp. 37-40, p. 45 Qu 1-4
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapters 15 & 16 pp. 49-54; Chapter 20 pp. 65-67
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book pp. 18-19; pp. 46-47
Student Experiments
Energy transfer circus
Practical Demonstrations
Model steam engine; Dynamo; Motor lifting a mass
Computer/iPad
Imotion (ipad) diffusion of potassium permanganate
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) Energy conversions and efficiency
Energy transfer: bounce quiz
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter Appropriate content but scope for well
beyond IGCSE (not iPad compatible)
Video
http://www.theguardian.com/science/video/2012/mar/28/science‐kinetic‐sculpture‐video
Brilliant “kinetic sculpture” video, good for showing energy transfers.
9Waves and Sound
6 weeks
Specification Reference: 3.1-3.9
3.1 use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s) and second (s)
3.2 explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves
3.3 know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave
3.4 know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter
3.5 know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave:
wave speed = frequency × wavelength = ×λ
3.6 use the relationship between frequency and time period:
1/ 1/
3.7 use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic
waves
3.8 explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its
source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the Doppler Effect
3.9 explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted
3.23 know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted
3.24P know that the frequency range for human hearing is 20–20 000 Hz
3.25P practical: investigate the speed of sound in air
3.26P understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave
3.27P practical: investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope
3.28P understand how the pitch of a sound relates to the frequency of vibration of the source
3.29P understand how the loudness of a sound relates to the amplitude of vibration of the source
10Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 11, pp. 91-94, 96-98
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 27 & 28
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 11, pp. 34-37
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book p. 30
Student Experiments
Ripple tanks
Slinky – measure frequency, speed and wavelength of waves (possibly using a camera)
Practical Demonstrations
YDWs “Wave maker” use ipad to take measurements of T etc.
Slinky to demonstrate transverse and longitudinal waves
Ripple tank
Doppler ball
Computer/iPad
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) Describing Waves
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Venn diagram: light and sound waves
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-on-a-string
www.falstad.com/ripple/ Virtual ripple tank.
Video
11Electromagnetic Spectrum
1-2 weeks (This could easily be done as a one week project – NO test)
Specification Reference: 3.10-3.13
3.10 know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum, that includes radio,
microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves
travel at the same speed in free space
3.11 know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength and
increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum
3.12 explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including:
• radio waves: broadcasting and communications
• microwaves: cooking and satellite transmissions
• infrared: heaters and night vision equipment
• visible light: optical fibres and photography
• ultraviolet: fluorescent lamps
• x-rays: observing the internal structure of objects and materials and medical applications
• gamma rays: sterilising food and medical equipment
3.13 explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic
waves, including:
• microwaves: internal heating of body tissue
• infrared: skin burns
• ultraviolet: damage to surface cells and blindness
• gamma rays: cancer, mutation
and describe simple protective measures against the risks
12Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 11, 12&13, pp. 95-108; p116, Qu. 1&2
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 29-30
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 12, pp. 37-38; Chapter 13, p. 40
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book p. 31, Radio waves & Microwaves
Student Experiments
Drawing and writing in mirrors
Plane mirrors and raybox with multiple slits to trace rays back to object and virtual image.
Plane mirrors and ray box measuring angles of incidence and reflection
Practical Demonstrations
-wave generator and detector – diffraction and reflection
Computer/iPad
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) The electromagnetic spectrum: visual
database
Moonlander: electromagnetic spectrum game
The electromagnetic spectrum bounce quiz
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/reflection/balloonPop/balloonPop.html
(not iPad compatible)
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/reflection/virtualImage/virtualImage.html
(not iPad compatible)
Video
e-stream – The Physics of Light (29 minutes)
Video 5
13Mechanics I
7 weeks
Specification Reference: 1.11-1.15,1.22-1.24, 1.30P-1.33P
1.11 describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or
direction
1.12 identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic
1.13 understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities
1.14 understand that force is a vector quantity
1.15 calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line
1.22 practical: investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical
springs, metal wires and rubber bands
1.23 know that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with
Hooke’s law
1.24 describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape
after the forces causing deformation have been removed
1.30P know and use the relationship between the moment of a force and its
distance from the pivot:
moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot
1.31P know that the weight of a body acts through its centre of gravity
1.32P use the principle of moments for a simple system of parallel forces acting in
one plane
1.33P understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends,
vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam
14Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 2, pp. 12-20; Chapter 5, pp. 42-48; pp. 57-58, Qu. 1,
6, 7 & 8
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 7, 10, 12, 16
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 2, pp. 3-5; Chapter 5, pp. 10-12
Student Experiments
Toppling bottles filled with water to different levels
Balancing seesaw
Centre of Gravity of regular and irregular objects
Masses on elastic bands & helical springs. Produce Force-extension graphs. NB Both Force-extension and
extension force graphs appear in the IGCSE books
Practical Demonstrations
Examples of different types of force (e.g. magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational, …)
Pupil on skateboard pulled using newton meters from either side/ trolley between two pulleys
Beam supported on two bathroom scales, walk along beam. / Ruler suspended at both end by newton meters
with movable weight.
Stretching of Cu wire
Computer/iPad
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) Vectors and scalars (not on iPad)
Moments: Princess on rollerskates
Space cadet
Case studies in Newton’s laws: The horse and cart
Space shepherd
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion-basics_en.html
Introduction to resultant forces and
acceleration
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balancing-act/latest/balancing-act_en.html Introduction to moments
building up to calcualtions
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mass-spring-lab Masses & Springs simulation (not
iPad compatible)
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics/motion Many relevant simulations on PhET,
possibly more useful at a later stage
(not all iPad compatible)
Video
Vectors video
15Mechanics II
6 weeks (End point for material to be included in the end of year examination)
Specification Reference: 5.1, 5.3-5.7
5.1 use the following units: degrees Celsius (o C), Kelvin (K), joule (J), kilogram (kg), kilogram/metre3
(kg/m3 ), metre (m), metre2 (m2 ), metre3 (m3 ), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2 ), newton
(N) and pascal (Pa)
5.3 know and use the relationship between density, mass and volume:
5.4 practical: investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume
5.5 know and use the relationship between pressure difference, height, density and g:
5.6 understand how the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest acts equally in all directions
5.7 know and use the relationship for pressure difference:
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h× ×g
16Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 19, pp. 162-168; p. 178, Qu 2,3
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 44
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 19, pp. 63-65
Student Experiments
Density of regular & irregular solids
Density of water and various sugar solutions (up to saturated), using density bottles
Connected syringes or various cross-sectional areas
Density of popcorn before and after popping
Karate chop a splint (half under a sheet of paper)
Find own pressure (bathroom scales and squared paper)
Practical Demonstrations
Can with holes: same height on different sides; different heights
Magdeburg hemispheres
“Airzooka”
Vacuum packed child
Balloon and bed of nails
Marshmallow and/or balloon in vacuum
Manometer and gas supply
Density column
Computer/iPad
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/under-pressure/latest/under-pressure_en.html
PhET pressure with depth simulation
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/buoyancy PhET buoyancy simulation (not iPad comatible)
Video
estream “James May at the Edge of Space” Vacuum pressure chamber at about 18-21
mins is v appropriate, rest ok
17Astronomy
4 weeks (Post internal examinations)
Specification Reference: 1.18, 8.1 - 8.6.
8.1 Use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2 ),
newton (N), second (s), newton/kilogram (N/kg), kilogram metre/second (kg m/s)
8.2 know that:
• the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies
• a galaxy is a large collection of billions of stars
• our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy
1.18 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength:
weight = mass × gravitational field strength
= ×g
8.3 understand why gravitational field strength, g, varies and know that it is different on other planets
and the Moon from that on the Earth.
8.4 Explain that gravitational force:
• causes moons to orbit planets
• causes the planets to orbit the Sun
• causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth
• causes comets to orbit the Sun
8.5 describe the differences in the orbits of comets, moons and planets
8.6 use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period:
18Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 6, pp. 49-56, p. 58 Qu. 10,11
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 15, Qu. 1-2
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 6, pp. 12-14
Gateway P5a_1 Data on Planets
Student Experiments
Scale model of Solar system on school field
Practical Demonstrations
Orrery
Use tacs and string to draw different types of orbit
Students fill plastic containers with sand to represent the weight of 100g on different planets using
Computer/ipad
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/gravity/gravity.html A game, but gives sense of gravity acting
towards centre of body
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/solarSystem/Planets_eTrumps/eTrumps_planets.html
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/solarSystem/Planets_%20HigherLower/planets_HL.html
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/solarSystem/SolarSystem.htm
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gravity-and-orbits
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/my-solar-system Allows a wide variety of orbital
systems to be observed
joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace_solarsystem.html Scale model of solar system
Video
e-stream – Solar System (18 minutes)
DVD 3, Video 17 – Solar System Starting Science – Scale model of Solar System
e-stream - Wonders of Solar System Good but long and lots beyond specification
e-stream - Wonders of the Universe Yet more Cox
e-stream - Horizon: Is Everything We Know About The Universe Wrong?
Way beyond spec, but good.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q Size scale of planets and stars
DVD - UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM, THE (28 mins)
19Third Year Equations To Learn
1 moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot
2 efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
3 density = mass / volume
= m/V
4 pressure = force / area
p = F/A
5 pressure difference = height x density x g
p = hg
6 wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f
7 weight = mass × gravitational field strength
= g
20Fourth Year
21Kinematics
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 1.1, 1.3 - 1.10
1.1 Use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2),
second (s)
1.3 Plot and interpret distance-time graphs
1.4 Know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time:
average speed = distance moved / time taken
1.5 Practical: Investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls
1.6 Know and use the relationship between acceleration, velocity and time:
1.7 Plot and interpret velocity-time graphs
1.8 Determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity-time graph
1.9 Determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity-time graph and the time axis
1.10 use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved:
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)
22Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 1, pp. 1-11; p 57 Qu 2 & 3
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp 8 & 9
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 1, pp 1-3
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book p. 17: Velocity Qu. 1-3;
Force, Acceleration & Velocity Qu. 1-4
Student Experiments
Dynamics trolleys: produce distance-time and velocity-time graphs;
compare data collected using ticker tape, data logging (Graphical) and metre
rules and stop watches
Ticker timer experiments, various available including:
www.practicalphysics.org/go/Experiment_309.html
www.practicalphysics.org/go/Experiment_310.html
Motion capture using Video Physics, analysis using Graphical
Practical Demonstrations
Galileo’s Bells
Computer/iPad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/moving-man Comprehensive simulation producing motion graphs
(not iPad compatible)
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) Motion graphs: displacement, velocity and
acceleration
The displacement-time graph game
Video Physics (ipad) Students film each other to generate motion graphs
Video
estream “James May's things you need to know - Speed” Good – if you don’t mind
James May
DVD - All About Motion: DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION (19 mins)
23Electrical Circuits
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 2.1; 2.8-2.21
2.1 Use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (), second (s), volt (V), watt
(W)
2.8 Understand that the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number
and nature of other components
2.9 Describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes,
and how this can be investigated experimentally
2.10 Describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit
2.11 Describe the qualitative variation of resistance of LDRs with illumination and of thermistors
with temperature
2.12 Know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of current in a circuit
2.13 Know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance
voltage = current x resistance
V = IR
2.14 Know that current is the rate of flow of charge
2.15 Know and use the relationship between charge, current and time
charge = current x time
Q = It
2.16 Know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged
electrons
2.17 Understand why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit
2.18 Know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same
2.19 Calculate the current, voltages and resistances of two resistive components connected in a
series circuit
2.20 Know that:
voltage is the energy transferred per unit of charge passed
the volt is a joule per coulomb
2.21 Know and use the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage:
Energy transferred = charge x voltage
E=QxV
24Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 9&10, pp. 74-88; p. 89 Qu. 2&3
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 22-26
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 9&10, pp. 23-30
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book pp. 52-53
Cmbridge IGCSE p 76 (NOT 5,7,8)
Student Experiments
Bulbs on series and parallel circuits
Current in series and parallel circuits
Dependence of current on resistance
Production of V-I graphs for lamps, resistors and diodes
Resistance of LDR/thermistor with different light levels/temperatures
Resistance as a function of length for a wire
Potential divider: comparing ratio of PDs with ratio of resistances;
determining output resistance;
using with LDRs and thermistors
Practical Demonstrations
Computer/ipad
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/circuitPairs1/circuitPairs1.html Remember lamp symbol
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc Allows circuits to be built and
measurements taken
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/circuitBuilder/circuitBuilder.html More simple circuit tool
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ohms-law Nice, simple, visual tool
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/resistance-in-a-wire Goes beyond specification, but good
Video
DVD - DC ELECTRICITY – Discovery and Developments (23 mins)
DVD - INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY (25 mins)
25Light
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 3.1; 3.14-3.22
3.1 Use the following units: degree (°),
3.14 Know that light waves are transverse waves which can be reflected and refracted
3.15 Use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection)
3.16 Draw ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction
3.17 Practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks and
triangular prisms
3.18 Know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of
refraction:
n = sin i / sin r
3.19 Practical: investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block
3.20 Describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and
in prisms
3.21 Explain the meaning of critical angle c
3.22 Know and use the relationship between critical angle, and refractive index:
sin c = 1/n
26Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 12,13, pp. 103-117, p. 126 Qu. 1&2
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 31-32
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 12, 13, pp. 39-43
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book p. 31 Radio waves, Microwaves & Infra-red
CGP OCR Gateway Workbook pp. 112-116
Student Experiments
Refraction using ray boxes with: rectangular perspex block; semi-circular block; and triangular prism
– students can plan experiment and write method for another group to follow (following group can
offer feedback to the first group)
Practical Demonstrations
Laser pointer and ruler directed into a tank of water
Laser pointer through water running out of a bottle
Refraction through s-curve Perspex
Optical fibre radio
Remote control into optical fibre receiver
Computer/ipad
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/refraction/refraction/refraction.html
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light
Video
DVD – LIGHT AND SOUND (29 mins)
27Astrophysics and Cosmology
Specification reference 8.1, 8.7-8.18
8.1 Use the following units: metre (m), metre/second (m/s),
8.7 Understand how stars can be classified according to their colour
8.8 Know that a star’s colour is related to its surface temperature
8.9 Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages:
• nebula
• star (main sequence)
• red giant
• white dwarf.
8.10 Describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun
8.11P Understand how the brightness of a star at a standard distance can be represented using
absolute magnitude
8.12P Draw the main components of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HR diagram)
8.13P Describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang
8.14P Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory (red-shift and cosmic microwave
background (CMB) radiation)
8.15P Describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer there will be a change in the
observed frequency and wavelength
8.16P Use the equation relating change in wavelength, wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed
of light:
Δ
8.17P Describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the
Earth
8.18P Explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe
28Books
At the time of writing the new text book to accompany the new course had not been published.
Longman IGCSE Physics (Brian Arnold and Steve Woolley) Chapter 22 pages 207-212
Student Experiments
Estimating distance to lamps (stars) of known brightness using inverse square law
Practical Demonstrations
Emission spectra lamps with diffraction glasses
Doppler ball (Frequency sampled by ipads?....)
Computer
Video
Cox wonders of the universe Ep2 “Stardust” good for stellar evolution.
Loads of stuff on estream.
29Forces
3 weeks
Specification Reference: 1.16, 1.17, & 1.21.
1.16 Know that friction is a force that opposes motion
1.17 Know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration
force = mass x acceleration
F = ma
1.21 Describe the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a terminal
velocity)
30Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 2, pp. 12-18, 21,-22; Chapter 3, pp. 23-33
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE 10-11, 13, 15
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 2 & 3, pp. 3-7
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book p. 16
Student Experiments
Relationship between reaction force and frictional force (D1)
Dynamics trolleys with changing mass and changing force: compare ticker tape measurements with
light gate measurements
Paper parachutes – changing mass, size and shape
Practical Demonstrations
Different forces
Trolleys between two pulleys
Pupil on skateboard being puller through two newton meters
Guinea and feather
Balls falling in liquid
Computer
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/vectors/vectorsScalars/vectorsScalars.htm Scalar-vector quiz
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/the-ramp
Video
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJpUCWfyPE&feature=relmfu 11 minutes
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqcWnKkEOLs&feature=relmfu 2 minutes
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rfmb3uuLE8&feature=relmfu 9 minutes
Atlantis shuttle flight videos – a little slow in places, but gives some examples of forces from a
different context, could be the basis for students producing posters of forces during the flight
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eTw35ZD1lg
DVD - PRINCIPLES AND LAWS OF MOTION (19 mins)
31Momentum
4 weeks
Specification Reference: 1.25P-1.29P
1.25P Know and use the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity:
momentum = mass x velocity
p = mv
1.26P Use the ideas of momentum to explain safety features
1.27P Use the conservation of momentum to calculate mass, velocity or momentum of objects
1.28P Use the relationship between force, change in momentum and time taken:
force = change in momentum / time taken
1.29P Demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s third law
32Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 4, pp. 34-41; p58 Qu. 9
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 14
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 4, pp. 8-10
Student Experiments
Crumple zones on dynamics trolleys
Silvered Football
Practical Demonstrations
Air track – colliding trolleys, using data logging/ticker-tape to measure momenta
Computer/ipad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/collision-lab PhET simulation of balls colliding, can show
momenta vectors
www.dft.gov.uk/think/education/econdary/teachers/science/ks4/lesson1/ (Forces revision)
www.dft.gov.uk/think/education/econdary/teachers/science/ks3/lesson1/ (Seat belts and safety
features)
Analysis of collisions with videophysics on ipad
“Collision lab” phet sim (Not yet HTML5)
Video
DVD - Energy Rules! THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM (22 mins)
33Electricity in the Home
4 weeks (End point for material to be included in the end of year examination)
Specification Reference: 2.2-2.7; 4.16-4.17
2.2 Understand how the use of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers
protects the device or user in a range of domestic appliances
2.3 Understand why a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of energy and an
increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a variety of domestic contexts
2.4 Know and use the relationship between power, current and voltage:
power = current x voltage
P = IV
and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses
2.5 Use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time:
energy transferred = current x voltage x time
E = IVt
2.6 Know the difference between mains electricity being alternating current (a.c.) and direct current
(d.c.) being supplied by a cell of battery
2.7 Explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including
domestic lighting
4.18P Describe the energy transfers involved in generating electricity using:
wind; water; geothermal resources; solar heating systems; solar cells; fossil fuels; nuclear
power
4.19P Describe the advantages and disadvantages of methods of large-scale electricity production
from various renewable and non-renewable resources
34Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 7, pp. 59-65; p. 89-90, Qu. 4 & 6
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 17-19; p. 36 Qu. 4
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 7, pp.18-20
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book pp. 54-55
Student Experiments
Wiring a plug
Fuse wire thickness versus max current
Practical Demonstrations
AC/DC comparison on an oscilloscope
Power meter used on a variety of domestic appliances
Fuse melting: range of ratings of fuse wire and wire wool
Computer
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/electricityBills/electricityBills.html Calculate energy and cost
of household appliances
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/plug/plug.html Revise plug wiring
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/nuclearPower/prosAndCons/ProsAndCons.html
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/powerStation/powerStation.html
Video
DVD - CATCHING THE SUN: The Physics of Solar Energy (18 mins)
35Radioactivity - Introduction
3 weeks (Post internal examinations)
Specification Reference: 7.1-7.8
7.1 Use the following units: Becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min), second (s)
7.2 Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols
such as C to describe particular nuclei
7.3 Know the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope
7.4 Know that alpha (α) and beta ( particles and gamma (γ) rays are ionising radiations emitted
from unstable nuclei in a random process
7.5 Describe the nature of alpha (α) and beta ( particles and gamma (γ) rays and recall that they
may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise
7.6 Practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either
radioactive sources or simulations
7.7 Describe the effect on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the
four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation)
7.8 Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge
7.9 Know that photographic film or a Geiger-Müller detector can detect ionising radiations
36Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 23 & 24, pp. 199-210; pp. 232-235, Qu. 1, 4, 7
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 50-51
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 23 & 24, pp. 82-84
Cambrdge IGCSE Teachers’ Resources Worksheet 11
Student Experiments
Dice decay – set of 120 dice
Practical Demonstrations
Practical Physics – Identifying three types of ionizing radiation
Investigate penetrating power of , and radiation using Geiger-Muller tube and various
absorbers.
Spark counter
Geiger-Muller tube
Cloud chamber
Computer/ipad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/beta-decay
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/alpha-decay
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/chemistry/atomicStructure/atomicStructure.html
www.iop.org/resources/videos/education/classroom/radioactivity/page_51912.html
Video
e-stream “Understanding Radioactivity” (12mins)
e-stream “Marie curie” (20 mins)
37Third & Fourth Year Equations To Learn
Third Year
1 moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot
2 efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
3 density = mass / volume
= m/V
4 pressure = force / area
p = F/A
5 pressure difference = height x density x g
p = hg
6 wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f
Fourth Year
7 average speed = total distance travelled / time taken
8 acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
9 weight = mass x g
W = mg
10 voltage = current x resistance
V = IR
11 charge = current x time
Q = It
12 energy = charge x voltage
E = QV
12 n = sin i / sin r
3813 sin c = 1/n
14 force = mass x acceleration
F = ma
15 momentum = mass x velocity
p = mv
16 power = current x voltage
P = IV
3940
Fifth Year
41Radioactivity – Uses
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 7.9-7.14
Explain the sources of background radiation
Understand that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured
in becquerels
Understand the term ‘half-life’ and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes
Use the concept of half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity
Describe the uses of radioactivity in medical and non-medical tracers, in radiotherapy and in
radioactive dating of archaeological specimens and rocks
Describe the dangers of ionising radiations, including:
radiation can cause mutations in living organisms
radiation can damage cells and tissue
the problems arising in the disposal of radioactive waste
and describe how the associated risks can be reduced
42Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 24 & 25, pp. 210-225; pp. 232-233, Qu. 3, 5, 6
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 52-54
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 24 & 25, pp. pp. 85-87
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book pp. 20-21
Student Experiments
Modelling radioactive decay with dice and determining the half-life for dice decay
Practical Demonstrations
Detecting background radiation using Geiger-Muller tube
Calculating the half-life of protactinium from the measured decay curve
Computer/ipad
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/radioactivity/halflife/halflife.html
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/beta-decay
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/alpha-decay
Video
e-stream – IoP Teaching Medical Physics (in sections of varying length)
43Energy of Motion
4 weeks
Specification Reference: 4.1; 4.9-4.15
Use the following units; kilogram (kg), joule (J), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2
(m/s2), newton (N), second(s), watt (W)
Know and use the relationship between work, force and distance moved in the direction of the
force:
work done = force x distance moved
W= Fd
Understand that work done is equal to energy transferred
Know and use the relationship
gravitational potential energy = mass x g x height
GPE = mgh
Know and use the relationship
kinetic energy = ½ x mass x speed2
KE = ½ mv2
Understand how conservation of energy produces a link between gravitational potential energy,
kinetic energy and work
Describe power as the rate of transfer of energy or rate of doing work
Use the relationship between power, work done (energy transferred) and time taken
power = work done / time taken
P = W/t
44Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 17, pp. 142-149; p. 160 Qu. 2&3
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 41
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 17, pp. 54-57
Out of the blocks: Science Activity Book pp. 50-51
Student Experiments
Lifting boat fenders
Running upstairs
Dragging masses with newton meters
Balls/Dynamics trolleys down ramps through light gates
Jon’s braking distance practical
Practical Demonstrations
Simple pendulum
Bifilar pendulum
Computer/ipad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-skate-park Energy-time and energy-position graphs
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/the-ramp Choose “More Features”. Shows energy
associated with motion over time
Video
Physics Shared Area – General resources – Thorpe Park Videos – Various Stealth and Colossus
Videos
DVD - Energy Rules! THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM (22 mins)
45Magnetism & Electromagnetism
5 weeks
Specification Reference: 6.1 – 6.14
Use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V), watt (W)
Understand that magnets repel and attract other magnets, and attract magnetic substances
Describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials
Understand the term ‘magnetic field line’
Understand that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field
Describe experiments to investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and that
between two bar magnets
Describe how to use permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern
Understand that electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field round it
Describe the construction of electromagnets
Sketch and recognise magnetic field patterns for a straight wire, a flat circular coil and a solenoid
when each is carrying a current
Understand that there is a force on a charged particle when it moves in a magnetic field as long as its
motion is not parallel to the field
Understand that a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, and how this effect
is applied in simple d.c. electric motors and loudspeakers
Use the left hand rule to predict the direction of the resulting force when a wire carries a current
perpendicular to a magnetic field
Describe how the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field increases with the
strength of the field and with the current
46Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 21, pp. 179-189; p. 195, Qu. 1-2
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 46 & 47
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 21-22, pp. 73-77
Student Experiments
Plotting fields around bar magnets using plotting compasses/iron filings
Investigating factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet
Deflecting a rigid Cu wire carrying current through a magnetic field
Building a model motor
Building a model loudspeaker
Practical Demonstrations
Investigating magnetic field of straight wire, coil & solenoid carrying a current
Deflecting an electron beam with a magnetic field
Computer/ipad
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) Magnetic field line plotter
The magnetic field of a bar magnet
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday (not iPad compatible)
Video
DVD - DC MOTORS (24 mins)
47Gas Laws
3 weeks
Specification Reference: 5.1; 5.10-5.17
Use the following units: degrees Celsius (˚C), kelvin (K), joule (J), kilogram (kg), kilogram/metre3
(kg/m3), metre (m), metre2 (m2), metre3 (m3), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2), newton
(N), pascal (Pa)
Understand that molecules in a gas have random motion and that they exert a force and hence
pressure on the walls of the container
Understand why there is an absolute zero of temperature which is -273 ˚C
Describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius
scales
Understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the speed of gas
Understand that the kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its
molecules
Describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed
container
Use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant
volume:
p1/T1 = p2/T2
Use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant
temperature:
p1V1 = p2V2
48Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 20, pp. 171-177; p. 176, Qu. 3&4; p. 178, Qu. 4&5
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 45, Qu. 5-8
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 20, pp. 65-69
Student Experiments
Pressure law to show p T - IT based using PhET “Gas Properties” (see below)
Charles’s Law apparatus
Individual Boyle’s law apparatus
Practical Demonstrations
Brownian motion smoke cell
Boyle’s Law apparatus
Fire piston
Computer/ipad
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=24
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/BrownianMotion/BrownianMotion.html
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter-basics
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter
Video
49Electromagnetic Induction
4 weeks
Specification Reference: 6.15-6.20
Understand that a voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a magnetic field
or when a magnetic field changes through it and describe the factors which affect the size of the
induced voltage
Describe the generation of electricity by the rotation of a magnet within a coil of wire and of a coil
of wire within a magnetic field; also describe the factors which affect the size of the induced voltage
Describe the structure of a transformer, and understand that a transformer changes the size of an
alternating voltage by having different numbers of turns on the input and output sides
Explain the use of step-up and step-down transformers in the large scale generation and transmission
of electrical energy
Know and use the relationship between input (primary) and output (secondary) voltages and turns
ratio for a transformer:
=
=
Know and use the relationship:
input power = output power
VPIP = VSIS
for 100% efficiency
N.B.
Also cover 4.16 & 4.17 if not delivered in the Fourth Year
Describe the energy transfers involved in generating electricity using:
wind; water; geothermal resources; solar heating systems; solar cells; fossil fuels; nuclear
power
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of methods of large-scale electricity production from
various renewable and non-renewable resources
50Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 22, pp. 189-195; p. 196, Qu. 3 & 4
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE pp. 48-49
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Chapter 22, pp. 77-80
Student Experiments
Transformers
Personal (hand) generators
Practical Demonstrations
Investigating factors affecting size & direction of induced voltage using a bar magnet, long solenoid &
centre-zero meter.
Investigating a transformer with & without C-cores, show the effect using voltmeters and a lamp
Bouncing magnet through induction loop with LEDs
Computer/iPad
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) The power station
The transformer
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/nuclearPower/prosAndCons/ProsAndCons.html
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday (not iPad compatible)
Video
www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTM2Ck6XWHg National Grid Power Surge (5 minutes)
estream “Shock and Awe” episode 2: from 38mins on, Tesla’s idea to use A.C. to transmit over long
distances.
51Particles & Nuclear Power
3 weeks
Specification References: 7.15-7.20
Describe the results of Geiger and Marsden’s experiments with gold foil and alpha particles
Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom and how it accounts for the results of Geiger and
Marsden’s experiment and understand the factors (charge and speed) which affect the deflection of
alpha particles by a nucleus
Understand that a nucleus of U-235 can be split (the process of fission) by collision with a neutron,
and that this process releases energy on the form of kinetic energy of the fission products
Understand that the fission of U-235 produces two daughter nuclei and a small number of neutrons
Understand that a chain reaction can be set up if the neutrons produced by one fission strike other
U-235 nuclei
Understand the role played by the control rods and moderator when the fission process is used as
an energy source to generate electricity
52Books
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Student Book Chapter 26, pp. 226-231; p. 232, Qu. 2
Longman Physics Homework for Edexcel IGCSE p. 55, Qu. 3-5
Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Revision Guide Ch. 26, pp. 87-89
Student Experiments
The “Fission” game – see Particles folder in other resources on T-drive
Practical Demonstrations
Computer/ipad
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/nuclear-fission (not iPad compatible)
phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/rutherford-scattering (not iPad compatible)
www.echalk.co.uk/Science/physics/fission/fission.html (not iPad compatible)
Physics Revision Games (iPad)/echalk (PC) The power station
Video
e-stream Countdown to Chernobyl (21 minutes)
Reconstructing 1st Nuclear Pile (19 minutes)
53All Equations To Learn
Third Year
1 moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot
2 efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
3 density = mass / volume
= m/V
4 pressure = force / area
p = F/A
5 pressure difference = height x density x g
p = hg
6 wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f
Fourth Year
7 average speed = distance moved / time taken
8 acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
a = (v-u)/t
9 weight = mass x g
W = mg
10 voltage = current x resistance
V = IR
11 charge = current x time
Q = It
12 n = sin i / sin r
13 sin c = 1/n
14 force = mass x acceleration
F = ma
15 momentum = mass x velocity
54p = mv
16 power = current x voltage
P = IV
Fifth Year
17 work done = force x distance moved
W= Fd
18 gravitational potential energy = mass x g x height
GPE = mgh
19 kinetic energy = ½ x mass x speed2
KE = ½ mv2
20 =
=
21 input power = output power
VPIP = VSIS
for 100% efficiency
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