Status of Nuclear Power Plant Development in Indonesia
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Status of Nuclear Power Plant Development
in Indonesia
Sudi Ariyanto Wiku Lulus Widodo
asudi@batan.go.id wikululu@batan.go.id
Center for Nuclear Energy Development
BATAN
Seoul, 17 Maret 2014
1Indonesia – Country Profile
2012 : • Area : 1.9 million km2
• GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) : US$ 1,237 b • Coastline : 54,716 km
• GDP per capita : US$ 5,100 • Population: 245.5 million
• GDP real growth : 6,2 % • Density: 134 per square km
• Export : US$ 187 b
• Import : US$ 179 b Population density of Java:
951 per square km - the world’s most
populous island
Medan Sumatra Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Pontianak
Maluku Jayapura
Ambon
Java Ujung-Pandang
Jakarta
Irian Jaya
Bali
• > 17,000 islands : 6,000 islands inhabited 2PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara)
Indonesian State-owned Electricity Company
PLN is major integrated electric utility company in Indonesia.
Sole owner of transmission and distribution assets with control over majority of generation assets
in Indonesia.
Generation Transmission Distribution
¨ Owner of 38 GW Power ¨ Sole responsibility for ¨ Sole distributor of
Plant power transmission in electricity to end
Indonesia customers in Indonesia
¨ Controls over 85% of
national generation capacity ¨ Transmission lines with ¨ Distribution lines of
38 thousands kmc and 740 thousands kmc and
¨ Main purchaser of electricity 72 GVA of power 39 GVA of transformer
from Independent Power transformer capacity capacity, serving around
Producers (IPPs) 50 Millions customers, 6
million PrePaid Meters.
3Electrification Ratio ( 2012 )
More than 60 million Indonesian people had no access to electricity Electrification
2012
Ratio
PLN 73.1%
(PLN+ Non PLN) 75.9%
KALTIM:75.9%
KALBAR: 89.7%
RIAU:78.4% SULUT: 76.4%
NAD: 88.8% GORONTALO: 60.7% MALUT: 85.4%
SULBAR: 89.3% PAPUA: 33.1%
SUMUT: 87.2%
SUMBAR: 76.9%
SULTENG: 66.0%
JAMBI: 70.0%
BENGKULU: 71.2%
BABEL: 92.8%
SUMSEL: 66.7%
KALSEL:75.9%
DKI: 96.4% MALUKU: 77.3%
KALTENG: 56.6% SULTRA: 68.8%
LAMPUNG: 70.0%
SULSEL: 81.2%
BANTEN: 80.5%
JABAR: 75.9%
PAPUA BARAT: 66.5%
JATENG: 77.8% NTT: 53.2%
BALI:74.5%
NTB: 53.3%
DIY: 77.8% JATIM: 75.2%
4Electricity Fuel Mix is not ideal ....
400,0 300,0
Indonesia Jawa Bali
350,0
250,0
300,0
200,0
250,0
200,0 150,0 Electricity demands rising fast, new addition
of 55 GW needed for the next 10 years
150,0
100,0
100,0
50,0
50,0
- -
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
70,0 40,0
Indonesia Barat Indonesia Timur
60,0 35,0
10.000
50,0
30,0
8.987 8.976
25,0 9.000
40,0
20,0
30,0 8.000
15,0
20,0
10,0 7.000 6.415
10,0 5,0
5.728
- -
6.000 5.231
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 5.207
4.744 4.311
5.000
3.883 3.844
4.000
3.000
450.000 2.000
1.000
400.000
-
350.000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
300.000 Other GTPP CCPP GeoPP HEPP CFPP Total
250.000
GWh
200.000
150.000
..too much relies on Coal : 38 GW
coal coal > 65 % in 2021 Geothermal: 6.4 GW
100.000
Comb. Cycle: 2.5 GW
50.000 GT/Gas Eng.: 4 GW
Hydro: 5.3 GW
-
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Others: 0.25 GW
Impor Biomass Surya/Hybrid HSD MFO LNG Gas Batubara Geothermal Hydro
5Current National Energy Mix
Energy Mix 2011 1. Fossil energy is still dominant, the
Oil still dominated
resources are limited;with 47.2%
2. Electrification ratio in 2013 still low
(74 %)
Gas
Oil 21.5 3. Utilization of New and Renewable
47.2 energy not yet optimal;
4. Environment issues:
Coal Hydro, 2.5
26.7
a. Climate change mitigation;
b. Carbon trading;
c. National commitment on emission
Geothermal
1.2 redcution 26% in the year 2020;
Renewable
0.9
5. Financing for energy sector
development still limited.
6Energy Policies has been set ...
• The Presidential Decree No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of
energy mix until 2025 and the share of nuclear energy is about
2% of primary energy or 4% of electricity (4000 MWe).
• The first two units of NPP is expected as stated in Act No. 17 year
2007 on National Long Term Development Planning 2005-2025.
• The Energy Law No. 30 of August 2007 creates a National Energy
Council (NEC) chaired by the President with the authority to
design and formulate energy policy on behalf of the GOI. The
policy then must be endorsed by Parliament.
7Presidential Decree 5/2006 gives direction....
Target of National Energy Mix 2025
YEAR 2005
Oil : 54.76% YEAR 2025
Natural Gas : 22.24%
Coal : 16.77%
Hydro : 3.72%
Biofuel > 5 %
Geothermal : 2.48%
Coal >33 %
New & Renewable Geothermal > 5 %
Resources >17 %
Gas >30 %
Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind
Oil< 20 %
And biomass >5 %
Liquefied Coal >2 %
8Proposed Sites for NPP
Bangka Sites: Feasibility
study
(2011-2013) Muria Site: Has been evaluated
(1991-1996),
Now: monitoring of meteorology
and microseismic
Banten Site: Under
preliminary study
9Current Status of Indonesia NPP Program
Milestone 3
Ready to commission and
Milestone 1 Milestone 2 operate the first NPP
Nuclear power
Ready to make a Ready to invite bids
option included
knowledgeable for the first NPP
within the
national energy commitment to a nuclear
strategy programme
Current
Phase 4
Position
Maintenance and
Act. 17/2007 Phase 3 continuous
infrastructure
Activities to
Pres.Reg. 5/2006 Phase 2 improvement
implement a first
tnempoleveD
erutcurtsarfnI
Phase 1 NPP
margorP
Preparatory work
for the construction
Consideration of a NPP after a
before a decision to policy decision has
launch a nuclear been taken
power programme
is taken
Pre Project Project Decision Construction Operation/
Making
PPN ts1
decommissioning
tcejorP
Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning
10-15 years
10Readiness Position
Result of INIR Mission Phase 1 by IAEA for Indonesia (2009)
No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 1
1. National Position NEPIO not yet established
2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed
3. Management NEPIO not yet established
4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed
5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed
6. Safeguards No actions needed
7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed
8. Radiation Protection No actions needed
9. Electric Grid No actions needed
10. Human Resource No action needed
11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to established
12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed
13. Environmental Protection No actions needed
14. Emergency Planning No actions needed
15. Security and Physical Protection No actions needed
16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed
17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed
18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed
19. Procurement No actions needed
11Indonesia Status - INIR Mission Findings [1/3]
• Indonesia is planning in earnest for the introduction of
nuclear power.
• Two key organizations have been formed: BATAN as
promoting organization that in charge of development work
and preparations for nuclear energy, and BAPETEN, the
regulatory body.
• No decision has, however, yet been made on what
organization will be responsible for owning and operating the
nuclear power plants.
• Several options are considered.
– Note : PLN ? --- is ready and willing to give long term PPA (30 years),
willing to be an operator/owner if government appoints us, now has
an initiative to carry out FS
12Indonesia Current Status - INIR Mission Findings [2/3]
• There is a national consensus in principle that nuclear energy
should be a part of the energy portfolio in Indonesia ( Act
Number 17 Year 2007 ).
• There is good progress in the development of the national
infrastructure in many areas, especially nuclear law, safety
regulations, grid, human resources development, emergency
planning, environmental protection, fuel cycle and waste-
management.
13Indonesia Current Status - INIR Mission Findings [3/3]
• However less progress has been made in areas, which will
require the involvement of the owner/operator of the nuclear
power plants, e.g. management, funding and financing and
industry involvement.
• The activities for stakeholder involvement will in particular
require significant improvement.
• The infrastructure activities performed by different
organisations have so far been informally coordinated;
• It would be advantageous to introduce formal steering and
coordination of the future activities.
14Roadmap of NPP Development
15Scope of Feasibility Study – BATAN & PLN
16Aspect of Feasibility Study
EXTERNAL EVENTS
1. Topography dan Geography
2. Geology, geophysic dan geotechnics
3. Seismology
4. Volcanology
5. Oceanography, Off-shore geophysic &
SAFETY RELATED coastal flooding
ASPECTS 6. Hydrogeology and hydrology
7. Meteorology
8. External Human Induced Events
SITE STUDY
Impact of NPP to Environment
9. Demography
10. Land, water and marine use
NON-SAFETY RELATED 11. Radioactivity Background, Dispersion and Dose
assessment
ASPECTS 12. Emergency Preparedness
13. Spatial Planning and Infrastructure
14. Ecology + endangered species
1. Technology and safety (size, technical 15. Social economy and socio-culture + historical
fiture, etc)
NON-SITE 2. Fuel cycle and Rad Wast Management
monuments
16. Other consideration
3. National Participation (industry,
STUDY services, important material)
4. Human Resources
5. Management (contract, schedule)
17Finding sites is challenging ......
Bangka
Belitung
TECTONIC SETTING OF INDONESIA
18Active volcanic hazards around the country....
19Next Urgent Steps for Indonesia
• Clarify the planning and decisions needed for a nuclear power
program and identify owner/operator
• Create an inter-agency team to oversee and steer infrastructure
development work
• Develop a detailed action plan for infrastructure development
for phase 2 (until invitation to bid is issued) as part of longer
term planning
• Develop a comprehensive program for stakeholder (incl. public)
involvement
• Expand the existing national policy and strategy for national
industry involvement to also include the involvement for
constructing and operating nuclear power plants
• Enhance international/regional/bilateral cooperation
20Recent Activities
Experimental Power Reactor
Objective
1. To strengthen the facilities for R&D to support
development of new and renewable energy
2. To increase man power capabilities in project
management of nuclear construction
3. To support public acceptance activities
21Proposed Sites for EPR
Serpong, Banten in a complex for
science and engineering
development owned by the
Government
22General Information for EPR
• Type of reactor: High Temperature Reactor
• Capacity: 10-30 MWt
• Utilization: Electricity, and Heat for co-
generation
• Target: commissioning in 2019
• Budget: Self-financed
• Site evaluation program has been sent to
Regulatory Body to get permission
23Conclusion
Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most
infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make
decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power,
i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology.
It can be suggested that some issues mainly connected to the
responsibilities of the owner/operator of the nuclear power
plant, still will require further work, most of which can be
performed in parallel during Phase 2.
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