Sustainable development at the heart of logistics dynamics in Morocco - AMDL
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Sustainable development at the heart
of logistics dynamics in Morocco
A document published to mark Morocco’s hosting of COP 22
-2016-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 4
EXECTIVE SUMMARY 6
GREEN LOGISTICS, CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD 10
GREEN LOGISTICS CONCEPTS 12
KEY DRIVERS TOWARDS GREEN LOGISTICS 13
GREEN LOGISTICS PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD 14
MASSIFIED FLOWS, FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 18
LOGISTICS ZONES FOR A BETTER ORGANIZATION OF FLOWS 19
MODAL ALTERNATIVES TO SUSTAINABLY CONSOLIDATE FLOWS 23
LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE IMPORT/EXPORT SUPPLY CHAIN 28
POJECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE LOGISTICS PRACTICES 34
OUTSOURCING DEVELOPMENT TO POOL LOGISTICS MEANS AND RESOURCES 35
ADAPTED TRAINING FOR ECO-FRIENDLY LOGISTICS OPERATIONS 37
TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTALLY-CONSCIOUS LOGISTICS CLUSTERS 39
A GREEN LABEL TO FOSTER “GREEN LOGISTICS” GEARED PRACTICES 40
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR A GREENER LOGISTICS 41
INNOVATION AND EXCELLENCE AT THE SERVICE OF SUSTAINABLE LOGISTICS 43
EFFICIENT URBAN LOGISTICS FOR A NEW BREATH TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF CITIES 45
OPTIMIZATION OF THE URBAN GOODS MOBILITY, A LEVER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 48
URBAN LOGISTICS FLEET, EQUIPMENT, & INFRASTRUCTURE: AREAS OF ACTIONS TO MITIGATE EMISSIONS 50
THE MOROCCAN LOGISTICS STRATEGY SUPPORTED BY THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
FACILITY 54
PROJECT FOR THE INTEGRATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MOROCCAN LOGISTICS STRATEGY 55
THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE PROJECT 60
CONCLUSION 63
2
2
3 3
INTRODUCTION
Despite its relatively insignificant GHG emissions, Morocco is strongly committed to face
climate change challenges. The country has a clear vision and a committed policy for
Climate Change issues, aiming to establish a strong coordination between the various
measures and initiatives taken to face climate change and focus on a structural, dynamic,
participatory and flexible policy for establishing the basics resilient green growth to
Climate Change1.
On the ground, this commitment is confirmed through operational and ambitious
projects, such as the ongoing implementation of a comprehensive policy to develop the
use of renewable energies, particularly wind and solar power.
In this respect, Morocco is building the world’s largest power-concentration solar plant,
named "Nour." The first part "Nour1" is already operational, with a production capacity
of 160 MW.
Other sustainable development related projects are also underway in several business
sectors, such as the setting up of waste recycling/recovery channels, the protection and
the sustainable management of forest genetic resources, the program for saving irrigation
water resources and natural environment protection...
Choosing Morocco to host COP 22 is itself a recognition from the international community
of the country’s efforts to contribute to face climate change challenges.
As for the logistics sector, Morocco’s Climate Change policy considers the national
development strategy for logistics competitiveness a part of the sectoral programs and
strategies implemented with the aim of reducing GHG emissions.
Morocco has defined and implemented an integrated national strategy for developing the
logistics sector by 2030, setting clear and quantified macroeconomic and environmental
objectives with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions generated by road freight transport by
around 35%.
In order to achieve these objectives, the Moroccan strategy tackles five main areas:
Developing a national network of logistics areas across the Kingdom ;
Optimizing the country’s main supply chains: import/export, domestic
distribution, flows of construction materials, agriculture products, and
hydrocarbon flows ;
Enhancing skills and professionalizing logistics operators ;
Developing logistics trainings and skills ;
Setting up appropriate governance and regulation.
1
A document entitled “POLITIQUE DE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE AU MAROC"published by the Delegate Ministry in
Charge of Environment, in March 2014
4
4
While designing and deploying this strategy, priority was given to freight flows
massification and pooling, as one of the main levers to reduce logistics costs and freight’s
carbon footprint.
In general, as recounted in the present document, the initiatives and actions planned or
underway as part of this strategy, particularly enhancing logistics platforms
implementation, developing logistics outsourcing, optimizing urban logistics and
introducing logistics best practices within companies, especially SMEs, go together with
ODDs and gas reduction objectives.
In addition to presenting Green Logistics concepts and trends around the world, the
present document explains how this strategy contributes to limiting the environmental
impacts and externalities of logistics activities and developing Green Logistics best
practices through a comprehensive and integrated approach and various projects
covering all aspects and segments of the supply chain.
Source: The "Future Supply Chain 2016”reported by the Global Commerce Initiative and Capgemini
5
5
EXECTIVE SUMMARY
“GREEN LOGISTICS”, CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
The world economic players are increasingly investing in practices aiming to reduce the
environmental impact of their logistics operations. Companies use these practices,
commonly called Green Logistics, as a marketing argument for customers more attentive
to the carbon footprint of the products and services they consume.
The Green Logistics concept takes environmental and social factors into account while
performing logistics activities, whether carried out internally or through logistics
operators.
Reducing the carbon footprint of the supply chain is a major concern for Green Logistics
practices. The rising trends in these practices affect several aspects and areas, such as
establishing logistics platforms and hubs, pooling and developing multimodal transport,
choosing environment-friendly transportation and logistics means, developing
environmentally-efficient infrastructure and logistics facilities, eco-driving training,
reducing packaging and increasing product recyclability rates as well as optimizing urban
logistics.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MOROCCAN LOGITSICS STRATEGY & PROJECTS TO
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Morocco has defined and implemented an integrated national strategy for developing the
logistics sector by 2030, which takes almost all of these aspects into account. The strategy
includes clear and quantified macroeconomic and environmental objectives, consisting
particularly of reducing the CO2 emissions generated by road freight transport by around
35%.
In general, the initiatives and actions planned or underway as part of this strategy aim at
consecrating Green Logistics principles and go hand in hand with ODD and GHG emissions
reduction objectives.
Massified flows for sustainable logistics
Establishing a logistics platforms network is the backbone of the Moroccan logistics
strategy. These platforms are multi-service logistics centers appropriately located nearby
production and consumption areas and transport networks, which will channel and
concentrate the flows of goods.
In this context, through several public and private initiatives, a large number of platforms
is set up on the national scale. For instance, Morocco, which counted only tens equipped
hectares of modern logistics platforms in 2010, reached about 600 equipped hectares in
Casablanca, Tangier and in several areas, hosting integrated industrial platforms.
6
6
The development of logistics platforms fosters a pooled flows management, optimizing
the number of kilometers crossed for deliveries and rationalizing the use of
transportation means, and therefore reducing CO2 emissions.
Furthermore, special attention is given to the adoption of the best environmental
standards and norms while designing, building or operating the planned logistics facilities
and platforms, in order to minimize their impacts. During the buildings construction,
energy savings is a priority through consolidating insulation and using renewable
energies, such as the use of solar energy, of recyclable materials, and energy efficient
lighting.
As part of the optimization and rationalization of several supply chains, notably those
related to hydrocarbon, grain and containers flows, the Moroccan logistics strategy
advocated the use of the modal shift and mass transportation means to manage the flows
of goods, such as rail and pipeline transport which are important levers for reducing
GHGs. Examples are numerous such as rail transport for automotive production from
Renault plant to Tanger Med port and the use of pipelines to transport phosphate.
Organizing the movement of goods on the international scale could be a crucial lever for
reducing the carbon footprint of the import/export supply chain. In this context, the
Moroccan logistics strategy has paid special attention to the optimization of export-
import flows mainly through a set of measures, namely the aggregation and massification
of import/export logistics flows, the adoption of paperless procedures, the development
of computerized solutions for border transit operations and the development of export
highways.
As intermodal corridors linking Morocco to its trading partners, these highways would be
introduced by adopting and implementing a set of measures to optimize, increase the
reliability of and regularize the flows of a given import/export supply chain from door to
door. The positive impacts of such solutions could be amplified for these export highways,
inspired by the concept of "motorways of the sea," to shift road transport flows to sea
transport as much as possible.
Projects for sustainable logistics practices
In Morocco, series of initiatives were launched particularly inciting and encouraging
Moroccan operators to adopt the Green Logistics practices.
Pooling and mutually managing resources are among the logistics practices that best meet
the "Green Logistics" challenges. Pooling logistics resources has a positive impact on the
environment by reducing GHG emissions, optimizing resource consumption (packaging,
energy resources, etc.), and limiting the costs of infrastructure maintenance as well as
urban decongestion.
7
7
Recognizing these challenges and interests, and as part of the implementation of the
Moroccan logistics strategy, the Moroccan Agency for Logistics Development (AMDL) is
undertaking several actions and projects aiming to develop the outsourcing and pooling
of logistics activities.
Indeed, the logistics upgrade program for SMEs, to be launched shortly, provides among
other tools to companies, technical assistance for the implementation of outsourcing
projects for the companies taking part in this approach.
Raising awareness of outsourcing and pooling logistics activities challenges has been
widely made, particularly through the organization of sectoral and territorial workshops
and the development of a best practices toolkit on outsourcing and pooling logistics
activities. Fiscal measures to encourage companies with good outsourcing and pooling
practices are also under preparation.
Moreover, in its SMEs logistics upgrade program, AMDL will provide funding of eco-
driving training, having a direct impact on the reduction of fuel consumption and GHGs.
AMDL is also working on setting up a support program for the development and
emergence of sectoral and regional logistics clusters, as suitable bodies for discussing
sustainable development issues and promoting best Green Logistics practices. In that
field, AMDL has initiated a set of partnerships, notably with LOGIPOLE SM cluster from
Souss Massa region, and with the Freight Forwarders Association (AFFM) in view of
creating a Moroccan cluster for multimodal international logistics.
Moreover, in order to encourage companies to adopt a green sustainable development
approach, AMDL provides for the creation and establishment of a Green Logistics Label as
a recognition for the environmental policy followed by Moroccan economic operators to
manage their supply chains.
Furthermore, to support logistics professionals in the adoption of sustainable
development practices, 12 standards reviewing the essential points of a sustainable
logistics approach (responsible management, life cycle analysis, product eco-efficiency
and carbon footprint, material flows accounting, procurements, packaging,
transportation, process, performance, and GHGs emissions) are already approved as
Moroccan standards. An AMDL study has demonstrated the importance and priority
logistics that professionals attribute to sustainable development, ranked second among
the primary areas where standards are required.
Through the logistics upgrade of SMEs program, AMDL will contribute to finance
certification support services, especially those related to sustainable development
standards.
To encourage and promote environmental and sustainable development projects, AMDL
is planning to set up a special “Green Logistics” Award, as part of the “Moroccan Logistics
8
8
Awards 2017” to encourage shippers, service providers, institutions and experts to adopt
best logistics solutions and practices meeting sustainable development challenges.
Efficient urban logistics to boost sustainable development in cities
Optimizing urban logistics is vital for the development of the country’s logistics
competitiveness in general, but also for its economic development, quality of life, and for
the accessibility and attractiveness of its urban municipalities. This also entails economic,
urban and environmental challenges.
In Morocco, structuring urban logistics is initiated through the definition of a specific
national program covering several cities by 2021. This program, aiming to ensure a
sustainable improvement of urban logistics to serve better the local economy and citizens,
consists of several initiatives and projects having direct and positive impact on GHGs
reduction. This program actually includes measures for the organization of the traffic and
parking of freight transport vehicles within cities, the upgrade of public management
tools for freight tracks, the creation of delivery areas and road transport centers and the
promotion of modern and suitable urban logistic spaces.
All these initiatives show that Morocco, as one of the few countries that have chosen to
create and implement a logistics vision and an integrated national strategy, is fully
involved in global efforts to reduce GHGs generated by logistics activities.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) and UNDP’s support for this strategy, through a
specific partnership project aiming to reduce GHG emissions in the Moroccan logistics
sector, reflecting its relevance and potential in adapting and mitigating climate change
impacts.
9
9
GREEN LOGISTICS, CONCEPTS
AND PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
10
10The term “logistics” particularly refers to a set of activities, techniques and means aiming
to best manage product and property flows. Good logistics organize, rationalize, prioritize,
regulate and coordinate the overall flow starting from raw material sources to reach the
final consumer while passing by production or commercialization systems.
Until recently, the dominant paradigm used by logistics managers was to reduce direct
costs. Wider environmental and social costs, traditionally excluded from the balance
sheet, have been overlooked for decades.
Over the last few years, quantifying the logistics impact of climate change has sparked real
interest. Several scientific studies and researches have tackled this issue. Based on a 2009
study, The World Economic Forum reckoned that logistics represent about 5.5 percent of
GHG emissions. The study also states that logistics facilities are accountable for 9 to 10
percent of the sector’s GHG emissions, while the rest is generated by freight transport.
Goods road transport is accountable for two-thirds of these GHG emissions. Further
studies and researches indicate higher shares of logistics operations in GHG emissions.
In the light of these findings and in a context where, over the last ten to fifteen years,
peoples and governments have been showing increased interest in environmental issues,
particularly climate change, companies and economic players are increasingly investing
in practices aiming to reduce the environmental impact of their logistics operations.
These practices, often referred to as the generic term “Green logistics”, are considered by
companies as a selling point to customers who are increasingly attentive to the carbon
footprint of the products and services they consume.
Hence, it is no surprise that companies design logistics development policies and
strategies, which strongly integrate environmental matters.
11
11Green Logistics concepts
Before further writing this document, it would be insightful to elaborate the notion of
Green Logistics. Green Logistics is a concept put forward in the mid-80s (Beaman 1999)2.
A summary review of the literature in this area has enabled the identification of several
advanced definitions by specialized academicians.
Some argue that Green Logistics is the concept of taking into account environmental and
social factors while carrying out logistics activities, whether internally or though 3PL 3
operators.
Other experts4 define Green Logistics as the planning, control, management and
implementation of a logistics system thanks to advanced technology and environmental
management aiming to reduce polluting emissions.
Other scholars5 pointed out that “the objective of Green Logistics is to improve the use of
resources, reduce resources consumption and waste, and minimize the environmental
pollution generated by logistics activities, through rational planning, optimization of the
allocation of resources and usage of environmental technologies. Green Logistics activities
comprise green transport, green storage, green packaging, green reverse logistics, and so
on”.
Green
transport
Waste and
reverse Green
logistics packaging
management
Green Logistics
System
Green
logistics data Green
collection and storage
management
The Systematic frame of Green Logistics (Marcus Thiell, 2011)6
2
Beaman, B. M. 1999. Designing the green supply chain. Logistics Information Management, 12(4),332–342.
3
A. Sbihi& R.W. Eglese, 2007. The relationship between Vehicle Routing& Scheduling and Green Logistics –A documentary study.
4
Chang, Q. and R. Qin (2008)."Analysis on Development Path of Tianjin Green Logistics." International Journal of Business and
Management
5
Zhao, P., J. Liu, et al. (2009). Etude sur le développement de Logistique verte moderne en Chine. Conférence internationale 2009 sur
la gestion de l'innovation.
6
Marcus Thiell, Juan Pablo Soto Zuluaga, Juan Pablo Madiedo Montañez& Bart van Hoof 2011. Logistique verte : Pratiques globales et
leur mise en œuvre dans les marchés émergents. [Viewed on December 23rd, 2012]. Available on : http: //www.irma-
international.org/viewtitle/53258/
12
12“Green Logistics” environmental performance is generally measured according to
indicators such as energy consumption, the number of tons-kilometers, the number of
tons of logistics platforms and transport CO2 emissions, the levels of traffic congestion...
Key Drivers towards Green Logistics
Firms around the world use the Green Logistics approach for various reasons and
motivations. Besides their economic aspect, these motivations are increasingly instigated
by the desire of firms to further nurture their client relationships and take leadership in
sustainable development to distinguish themselves from other competitors, as
demonstrated by several surveys and studies on “drivers”.
Key factors for a greener logistics and supply chain (Alan Mckinnone, 2010)
Eye for transport (2007) 7 Aberdeen Group (2008) 8 Insight (2008) 9
“Key Factors for Instigating Green “Top Five Pressures Driving the “Main Drivers for Green
Transport/Logistics Initiatives” Green Supply Chain Logistics”
Improving public relations (70%) Desire to be considered as a Leader in Optimizing Logistics Flows (18%)
Sustainable Development (51%)
Ameliorating client relations (70%) Rising fuel/energy costs (49%) Bolstering Corporate Image (16%)
Part of the Company’s Social and Gaining a competitive or differentiation Reducing Logistics Costs (15%)
Environmental Responsibility advantage (48%)
Agenda (60%)
Financial Return on Investment Compliance with Existing or Future Achieving Regulatory Compliance
(60%) Legislation (48%) (15%)
Compliance with Governmental Increase in Inbound or Outbound Satisfying Customers’ Requirements
Regulations (60%) Transportation (24%) (14%)
Reducing fuel bills (60%) Differentiating from Competitors
(11%)
Improving Supply Chain Efficiency Developing an Alternative Network
(55%) (10%)
Decreasing Risk (50%)
Improving Investor Relations (38%)
7
Eyefortransport (2007) “Green transportation and logistics, available on : eyefortransport.com
8
Aberdeen Group (2008) “Building a Green Supply Chain”, Aberdeen Group, Boston
9
Survery by Insight (2008) four-fifths of the companies that were greening their supply chains had instigated measures related to
logistics, a much higher proportion than were modifying other elements in the chain
13
13Green Logistics practices around the world
Reducing the carbon footprint of the logistics chain is a major concern for green logistics
practices. The related emerging trends involve several aspects:
• Implementation of logistics platforms and hubs for large volumes to consolidate
the flows of goods;
Development of environment-friendly logistics solution of massification10
Transporter : Heathrow Airport in London
Facility : Freight consolidation platform
Purpose : Cross-Docking
Location : 2km from the airport
Delivery : by land and by air
Result : Consolidation of 700 inbound deliveries per week in 300 rides
Impacts :
218,000 kilometers optimized through consolidated deliveries in 2008, or 158 T of CO2
emissions
Reduction by 50% of the carbon footprint, in 2009
Significant reduction amounting to 70% of the congestion of the airport terminal in 2009
• Pooling and development of multimodal transport combining road, railways, air and
sea to reduce GHG emissions and roads congestion.
Selection of environment-friendly means of transportation and logistics
similarly to the use of vehicle fleets with low CO2 emissions or the use of hybrid
propulsion technologies.
Development of environmentally efficient infrastructures and logistics
facilities Changes in the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration and
10
Source : http://www.dhl-usa.com/content/dam/downloads/g0/logistics/green_logistics_sustainable_logistics_study_en.pdf
14
14lighting can be quick and effective means for reducing the energy costs and carbon
emissions of these facilities. As such, the certification of logistics platforms and
buildings pursuant to the HQE procedure (High Environmental Quality) is
increasingly adopted by companies.
Reconfiguring the logistics network for more efficiency by favoring maximized
use of transportation capacities and minimizing the movement of goods, notably
by making relevant choices in terms of storage locations.
The environmental impact of the choice of location of a given company’s logistics platform
The company offers a wide range of frozen pastries to retail and catering stores.
Solutions: Investing in a new better located refrigerated warehouse.
Benefits: avoiding the need to deploy the equivalent of 2190 trucks annually to travel between the old
warehouse provider and the manufacturing site located in Valade, reducing 10% of GHG emissions by
limiting its internal logistics flows.
Use of business software packages and NTICs which contribute to the
optimization of everyday transport logistics operations (TMS) and storage (WMS)
and therefore reducing GHG emissions;
Eco-driving Training could lead to substantial energy gains by saving energy;
Reducing packaging and increasing the rate of product recyclability are also
concrete steps to reducing the environmental footprint of goods.
Recycling: the case of a British-Dutch multinational working in the agri-food sector
Adopted practice: Using the cardboard pallet K-Pal, 100% recyclable instead of the traditional card
board wooden pallet of 25kg
Benefits: Eliminating 52 tons of CO2 emissions per pallet per year.
City logistics where there is room for a lot of improvement, such as the
collaborative distribution among several companies of transport, storage,
infrastructure and reverse logistics which include the recycling of products and
packages and the regulation and organization of the movement of freight transport
vehicles in urban areas.
15
15Prague—Implementation of Restrictions concerning Heavy-weight Access to the City
Regulation of the traffic of heavy-weight vehicle in the historical
Solution down-town part of Prague, based on weight-related constraints
applicable to authorized vehicles:
Restricted access to vehicles or buses weighing more than
3.5 tons, applicable to an area covering 5 square kilometers
within the city-center.
Restricted access to vehicles weighing more than 6 tons to Country: the Czech
an area stretched over 17 square kilometers Republic
City: Prague
Prague is a city characterized by its strong urban concentration,
Total Population:
Context and gathering together scores of political and economic institutions,
1,237,000
Objectives industries, businesses, schools and universities, research centers
inhabitants
and tourist infrastructures. This configuration requires the city to
make considerable efforts to manage traffic, all the more so if we
Density: 2,570
bear in mind the fact that the number of vehicles has grown two-
inhabitants per
fold since the 1990’s.
square kilometers
A traffic and road infrastructure management policy has thus been
devised and embedded to make traffic more fluid, especially in the
down-town area. The policy is part of a European project dubbed Country: the Czech
“Trendsetter,” which consists of 50 initiatives aimed at improving Republic
mobility, life quality, and air quality, and also at reducing sound
pollution and traffic jams in five pilot European cities (Stockholm, City: Prague
Prague, Lille, Pecs, and Graz).
Total Population:
Three objective have been set for this traffic management policy, 1,237,000
namely: inhabitants
Protect the historical city-center;
Create better conditions so as to make in city traffic smooth; Density: 2,570
Set up hour-limits for the delivery of goods within city inhabitants per
centers. square kilometers
Prague
Country: the Czech
Key Results and Outcomes Republic
City: Prague
Expected Results Results obtained
Total Population:
1,237,000
inhabitants
Reduction in private-vehicle use and
increased use of public transportation - 85% Density:
+ 30 à2,570
50%
inhabitants per
Regulation of heavy-vehicle traffic within square kilometers
Before
city-center, in particular in order to make Regulation
traffic smoother.
Country: the Czech
Improve the quality of life of Prague- Republic
dwellers, notably in terms of congestion, After Volume of heavy Volume of heavy
sound pollution, and (adverse) Regulation weight on City: Prague
weight on
environmental impacts. congested periphery-located
thoroughfare
roads
Total Population:
1,237,000
inhabitants
Source: Benchmark Solutions - World Bank Urban Freight Toolkit
Density: 2,570
inhabitants per
square kilometers
16
16Bordeaux—Installation of Convenience Delivery Spaces
Establishment of innovative Proximity (or, Convenience)
Solution Delivery Areas which facilitate the entry process of goods into
Bordeaux city-center. These are stopping/resting and handling
areas that are exclusively designed for the delivery of goods
intended for neighboring entities (located within a radius of 200
meters). The areas are reserved, protected and monitored by the
transporters’ independent staff members who participate in in-
situ handling and delivery.
In the framework of an Urban Space Overhaul and Development Country: France
Context and Program which was initiated back in 2000 by the Bordeaux
Objectives Agglomeration, the transporters’ and retailers’ federations, along City: Bordeaux
with the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce and Industry have
decided to conduct an experiment aimed at facilitating the delivery Total Population:
of merchandise within the city-center area, in a bid to minimize the 242,945 inhabitants
repercussions of the works underway on businesses.
Density: 4,850
The construction of the new tramway network has severely upset inhabitants/km2
the city-traffic and made it arduous to deliver inbound goods to
high-street businesses. Accordingly, several retail stores located
downtown Bordeaux did not receive their goods within the time
limits set.
The establishment of Convenience Delivery Areas (ELP) has made
it possible to meet requirements in terms of proximity logistics
services and striven to achieve the following four main objectives:
Relieve traffic congestion in the historical part of the city and
reduce jams provoked by the parking of delivery vehicles;
Source:
Mitigate sound pollution ADEMEreleased by delivery
and emissions
vehicles;
Ensure the delivery of goods in a timely manner; Bordeaux
Help improve transporters’ practices in city center.
Key Results and Outcomes
Expected Results Results obtained
Limitation of the number of inbound vehicles
Diminution of road occupation and traffic (9,500 vehicle were processed by ELP in
relief within the downtown area; 2005);
Reduction of the adverse impacts linked Reduction of the distance run by vehicles (up
to traffic; to 5 km fewer km run by each vehicle)
Observance of delivery time-limits; Time-saved by delivery personnel (between
5-20 minutes saved per delivery);
Better traffic management.
Diminution of energy consumption and
reduction of CO2 emissions (843 g per stop).
Source: ADEME
17
17MASSIFIED FLOWS, FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
18
18Logistics zones for a better organization of flows
Modern logistics aim at massifying the flows of freight movements, particularly through
developing platforms and zones for logistics activities.
In fact, pooling the management of flows within a logistics platform optimizes the number
of kilometers crossed to make deliveries and streamlines the use of transportation means,
therefore reducing CO2 emissions.
Determining the size and location of a platforms network strongly influences the latter’s
efficiency, particularly in terms of the carbon footprint of the logistics operations and
activities that would use these platforms as a base.
The structure of CO2 emissions evolution based on the number of warehouses 11
CO2 Emissions The total of CO2
emissions generated by
logistics activities
CO2 emissions
generated by
transport
Other CO2 emissions
generated by different
sources
CO2 Emissions
generated by
warehouses
Final Source :
The number of Warehouses
Source: Professor Alan McKinnon, Logistics Research Centre, Heriot-Watt University, EDINBURGH, UK
According to a fairly recent study by World Economic Forum on supply chain
decarbonization, nearly 2,800 mega-tons of CO2 is generated by the logistics and
transport sector, which is 5.5% of the total compared to the overall human activities in
our planet.
In these sectors, real estate and logistics buildings are accountable for about 11%.
11
Source : professor Alan Mckinnon, Logistics Research Centre, Heriot-Watt University, EDINBURGH, UK
19
19The breakdown of emissions per transport activity type and logistics 12
GHG Emissions (MT of CO2 per year)
300
500 Logistic Buildings
Rail Freight
25Lo
gistic Air Freight
Sea Freight
Emissions
200
0 Road Freight
Transport
150
0
100
0
500
Transport activities of logistics
In Morocco, the backbone of the national logistics strategy lies in the implementation of a
logistics platforms network for bundling and unbundling goods. These platforms, which
are true multi-service logistics centers located near production and consumption areas
and transport networks, will channel and concentrate the flows of goods.
Unwanted Targeted situation
Source :
Source : Moroccan strategy of logistics competitiveness
12Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_LT_SupplyChainDecarbonization_Report_2009.pdf
20
20Source : National Schema of Logistics zones
The placement of logistics areas within the logistics schemes has been determined
according to the localization and connectivity criteria:
Motorway connection in order to facilitate access of heavy freight vehicles to and
from these areas;
Railway connection is of particular importance for containers, grain and
construction materials platforms;
Proximity and easy access to the city center are to be taken into consideration by
distribution, agro-marketing and construction materials platforms in order for
them to be able to best serve their consumption areas.
Owing to several public and private initiatives, a variety of platforms has been created on
the national scale. In fact, Morocco, which had only a few dozen equipped hectares of
modern logistics platforms in 2010, now has about 600 equipped hectares in Casablanca,
Tangier and in several regions, hosting integrated industrial platforms.
Several logistics areas have been created across the Kingdom:
Casablanca: several areas developed by public operators (Zenata / SNTL, Mita /
ONCF) and by private operators;
Tangier: several zones are operational around Tanger Med (Med Hub, Tetouan
Park, Tanger Automotive City and within TFZ) in addition to private investments;
Other regions: a total area of about 200 hectares is already equipped for logistics
activities within the various P2I developed in Agadir, Kenitra, Meknes, and Oujda.
21
21Tétouan Park Logistics platform in TFZ Refrigerated warehouse in Med
Hub Tanger
Refrigerated warehouse in Med
Hub Tanger
The Logistics zone of Zenata Soft Logistics in Ain Sebaa Logistics Zone in Med Hub
Furthermore, projects of reginal schemes of logistics zones have been developed while
taking into account the economic context of each region and location criteria, particularly
the proximity to flow generating centers, connectivity to the various infrastructures
networks and to the topography of sites. In this context, 2,750 hectares of land, base of
the 3,300 hectares to be equipped by 2030 (approximately 83%), were identified in
consultation with the local players in different regions.
To support this regional planning, the structuring of the first logistics zones projects is
progressing in several of the Kingdom regions to develop a diversified offer of real estate
logistics.
Moreover, in view of minimizing the effects of the planned logistics facilities and
platforms, special attention will be given to the adoption of the best environmental
standards and norms during the design, construction and operation phases.
In fact, the main concern starts with the construction of the building, where focus is
mostly put on saving energy by increasing buildings’ insulation and using renewable
energy (solar domestic hot water, recyclable materials, a high-efficiency lighting ...).
Approaches such as the carbon balance approach enable the partial evaluation of the
environmental impact of a given logistics building or project. Matters such as staff
movement, energy and waste can be part of such balance.
As for the renovation of the existing buildings, other good practices are being developed,
such as the recovery of rainwater, natural lighting of the warehouse, and installation of
photovoltaic panels on the roofs of warehouses...
The National Transportation and Logistics Company (SNTL) has also made use of this
good practice by undertaking a project for the purchase and installation of photovoltaic
solar panels of 1.5 MW on the refrigerated warehouses of the Zenata logistics platform.
22
22This project is supported by the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as part of a larger project further detailed in
the present report, aiming to integrate climate change into a national development
strategy of logistics competitiveness.
Modal alternatives to sustainably consolidate flows
As part of the optimization and rationalization of a number of supply chains, particularly
those related to hydrocarbon, grain and container flows, the Moroccan development
strategy of logistics competitiveness advocated the use of mass transportation modes to
manage the flows of goods, such as railways and pipeline which are important levers for
GHG reduction.
Rail transportation and the modal shift
Out of the freight transportation sector, rail freight remains an ecological transportation
mode of undeniable assets for the community, given its nature as a mass transporter, its
low cost, its safety and security, its space and energy saving as well as its respect for the
environment (it is only accountable for 2% to 4% of the carbon generated by the
transportation industry).
Furthermore, rail transportation is an essential part of the modal shift, which has
environmental, economic, and social advantages for supply chains:
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions;
Reducing negative impacts on sensitive ecological areas;
Reducing non-renewable energy consumption;
Saving on fuel costs;
De-bottlenecking roads (Dangerous products)
Hence, the national logistics strategy pays great attention to the development and
strengthening of the use of railway transportation through a variety of projects:
23
23 The development of railway connections between port terminals, dry ports (Mita,
Zenata) and the various logistics platforms;
The development of railway transportation offer adapted to massive flows (e.g.
Grain, hydrocarbon, construction materials, etc.) in line with the national scheme
of logistics platforms.
The advancement of multimodal transport solutions combining rail and road
transport, particularly for transporting masses of construction materials and
grain.
In addition to transporting raw materials flows, primary products and mass flows
(phosphates, coal, grain, fertilizers, barite, zinc, petroleum products, pulp, cement, clinker,
wood, Gravettes, sugar, cans, containers , steel, iron, ...) the National Railways Office
(ONCF) has developed new services, in recent years, to support the development of the
Kingdom’s new investments particularly in the automotive sector.
In this regard, ONCF is already in charge of transporting cars between the Renault
factories and the port of Tanger Med and has signed a rail service contract for the
implementation of an industrial complex of PSA Peugeot-Citroën in Morocco.
Moreover, to strengthen the use of rail transport and ultimately minimize the carbon
footprint, ONCF oversees the development and upgrade of its rail network through an
efficient logistics ecosystem, by:
Extending railways to customers’ factory facilities;
Guarantee rail/road combined transport to serve its customers in areas where
there are no railways;
Creating storage facilities dedicated for loading, unloading and storing containers
to be easily identified on site containers through a computerized system;
Transporting customs-bonded or duty free containers by rail between the
multimodal containers terminal of Ain Sbaa and the ports of Casablanca and
Tanger Med in the best security conditions and as quickly as possible;
Establishing customs offices within the multimodal containers terminal to easily
carry out customs clearance operations during importation or exportation.
24
24Pipeline transportation
CO2 emissions generated by the transport sector can be significantly decreased owing to
the use of massified transport, particularly pipeline transportation13.
In general, the products targeted by pipeline transportation are petroleum, and other
liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas and other fuel gases, as well as some chemical products.
For instance, when importing hydrocarbon by sea, petroleum products are first stored at
the start point of the pipeline in a storage terminal nearby the port before being sent to a
storage facility near stations and sale points. The flow is provided by a pumping station
located at the start point of the pipeline, supplemented, if necessary, by intermediate
pumping stations to compensate load losses and cope with any likely unevenness.
Pipeline transportation offers many benefits that contribute to the protection of the
environment, by being:
A massified transportation means which avoids the inland transportation of large
volumes of fuels or other substances such as phosphate;
An environmentally friendly means of transportation free of environmental
negative externalities;
A secure transportation means, resistant to weather and climate conditions;
An economical means of transportation for medium and long distances.
Morocco has a total storage capacity of around 1.8 million m3 for the storage of
hydrocarbon, 65% of which is concentrated in northern Morocco between Tangier,
Casablanca and Mohammedia (excluding the La Samir storage capacity). This mapping
does not ensure optimal primary distribution of flows with the storage capacities being
concentrated across the coast, instigating an early demassification of flows and
unbalanced coverage of the overall consumption areas, including non-coastal areas.
13
A pipeline consists of a set of pipes, often buried at a shallow depth from the ground, and of pumping stations to
channel liquid or gaseous products. The pipeline is a pollution free mode of transportation, contributing to the
reduction of the environmental footprint.
25
25Upstream in the chain, the primary distribution of refined products is carried through
cabotage and pipeline, given that almost all storage capacities are set up across the coast.
On the downstream of the chain, the secondary distribution of refined products is
dominantly carried out through road transport, which processes almost all the flows
between storage facilities and the country’s 2,400 service stations.
Morocco’s first pipeline is the one of Sidi Kacem- a network directly connected to the port
and to the Mohammedia petrochemical complex. This transport mode is to be reinforced
in the future to connect the Kingdom’s gas ports to its non-coastal regions, to take
advantage of pipelines’ economic and environmental benefits and reduce the GHG
generated by road transport.
To support the growth of consumption and supply the overall territory, about 2.3 million
m3 of storage capacity should be installed by 2020, particularly in inland areas such as
Fez, Meknes and Marrakech. These new storage units could justify pipeline connection,
given the entailed volumes and distances.
The best-suited means based on distance
26
26Face to the challenges of market liberalization and in compliance with the law on free
pricing and competition, oil companies now set their own margin on prices at the pump.
This new context requires that petroleum products distribution companies in Morocco
invest in storage capacities in Tanger Med, Jorf Lasfar as well as in inland areas.
The objective is to make savings both on purchases abroad by consolidating flows in entry
points and on massified transportation by developing pipelines connecting petroleum
terminals nearby the ports and storage facilities nearby consumer areas.
The deployment of a competitive primary pipeline network as a solution for the
massification and sustainable development of hydrocarbon flows would greatly reduce
the environmental footprint.
One of Morocco’s major innovative projects in the use of pipeline is that of the OCP Slurry
Pipeline (The Sharifian Phosphate Office), which is a technological marvel built between
the mining basin of Khouribga and the industrial platform of Jorf Lasfar, across 187 km,
to carry the phosphate pulp. It is the most powerful system in the world according to the
experts who participated in the 3rd International Symposium for Innovation and
Technology in the Phosphate Industry (Symphos).
OCP’s Slurry Pipeline
This infrastructure, of an annual capacity of 38 million tons, revolutionizes the
transportation of phosphate in Morocco. OCP’s Slurry Pipeline will ultimately reduce
logistics costs by 90% and CO2 emissions by 30%, hence, 930,000 tons of CO2 emissions,
and saving water by an estimated 3 million m3 per year.
Cheaper, greener and more respectful towards nature, this transportation method
significantly improves production size/cost competitiveness, and effectively reduces the
ecological footprint. At the forefront of mining technology, the Slurry Pipeline gives the
OCP greater flexibility vis-à-vis international markets and confirms its global leadership
and commitment to sustainable agriculture.
27
27Logistics solutions for a sustainable import/export supply chain
International exchanges are a vector for economic development. Their growth leads to the
increased use of logistics and transportation services, entailing a significant demand on
energy and, consequently, more CO2 and GHG emissions.
Organizing the movement of goods on the international scale could be an important lever
for reducing the carbon footprint of the import/export supply chain.
In this context, the Moroccan logistics strategy has paid particular attention to the
optimization of import/export flows through a set of measures:
The pooling and massification of import/export logistics flows through creating
pooled structures (export consortia, JV, GIE ...) to allow bundling goods between
players and pooling resources for the organization of export/import logistics
operations. This pooling allows the consolidation of stocks in one place, and the
improvement of platforms’ occupancy rate and reduction of energy waste (water,
electricity, fuel...).
These players benefit from the recently developed facilities within/in the vicinity of
ports and airports to carry out this pooling. The leading examples of these facilities
are the Med hub platforms as well as the exclusively export-dedicated area at the
Tanger-Med port, which is an ISO 14001 certified port of the environmental
management system and the first African port to obtain the “EcoPort” label, issued by
the European Sea Ports Organization, by adopting an appropriate program to:
Prevent air, land and water pollution;
Improve waste recovery;
Optimize the use of natural resources.
Other environment-friendly plants are planned as part of the port of Nador West Med
project.
28
28Tangier Med Port - A committed and proactive approach to sustainable development 14
Commitments
The Tangier Med port is committed to a proactive approach to sustainable
development by adopting environmentally responsible procedures to preserve
and protect the environment. The approach aims to :
- Control environmental impacts, particularly those considered significant ;
- Optimize and reduce the consumption of natural resources while
promoting the use of clean and renewable energy ;
- Respect the environmental compliance obligations including their
applicable laws and regulations and ensure they are respected by
customers and partners ;
- Develop ecological projects throughout its perimeter.
Certifications
The approach of environmental and social responsibility is the key to sustainable development in the long term. This
allowed the Tangier Med port to be:
- Certified ISO 14001 for the activity "Home of the vessels and associated services" ;
- First African port to be awarded with the "ECOPORT" label and "PERS" certification ;
- Part of the initiative Corporate Social Responsibility to improve continuously its CSR practices.
Preservation of Biodiversity
The Tangier Med port develops each project in accordance with local biodiversity, with the purpose of maintaining the
ecological balance of the territories:
- Preservation and protection of the environment ;
- Development of green areas, plantations and reforestation ;
- Development eco-tourism in the harbour area region ;
- Program Dalia clean beach and obtaining the "Blue Flag" label.
Energetic efficiency
Is an approach that focuses on innovation projects aimed at rationalizing energy and natural resource consumption,
favouring the production and use of renewable energy by optimizing its own consumption of energy, water and raw
materials for all activities, and encouraging customers to do the same:
- Favouring the use of lighting equipment limiting energy expenditure (Generalization of LED lighting throughout
the port complex, installation of smart lighting sensors ...) ;
- Using renewable energy to product the equivalent to the power consumption dedicated to lighting via the
installation of solar PV modules ;
- Innovative architecture of the buildings allowing natural lighting and thermal insulation ;
- Mastery and annual monitoring of energy consumption.
Environmental Stewardship
Tangier Med port develops, proposes and implements methods to promote the management and recovery of waste
resulting from its own activities or those of its customers, consistent with the technical and economic feasibility of its
operations:
- Management and revaluation of sorting,
- Motivate customers to limit their consumption, manage waste and encourage sorting and revaluation ;
- Reduction of CO2 emissions ;
- Implementing of a carbon balance ;
- Management and Treatment of Water (STEP, Marpol station ...)
Prevention and Awareness
- Continuous training and awareness of collaborators ;
- Organization and participation in environment-related events ;
- Involving service providers and partners in the environmental approach ;
- Conducting energy audit.
14 Source: Tangier Mediterranean Special Agency
29
29THE ANP POLICY IN THE MATTER OF THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTS15
Based on the interface of sea routes and multimodal transport networks, Moroccan ports are at the heart of the logistics
supply chain of our country. They also intended to accommodate various essential activities in the logistics sector and
contribute to the economic development in different sectors: industrial, energy, etc.
As such, they must balance logistics, industrial and development ambition in the interests of the environmental
excellence.
Moroccan ports are constantly innovating to develop sustainable logistics solutions. For this, the ports are intended to
position themselves as pillars actors for a high added value in the implementation of integrated supply chains,
environmentally friendly and economically competitive and sustainable, to attract and retain the operators and
customers.
Port platforms are, by their geographical position, true cornerstones of the country's industrial development. For that,
the ANP has implemented a strategy to control the management of spaces and their reception capacities, while ensuring
the preservation of their natural area.
To implement this goal, the ANP takes part of a coherent and comprehensive environmental policy that will allow its
ports to adopt a CSR approach of sustainable development reconciling the requirements of economic development,
social needs and imperatives of the protection of the environment.
ANP Policy of the
environment protection
Promote Prevent
Sensitize an Monitor and
Train Master
Act
15 Source: National Agency of Ports
30
30The creation of “Export highways”. As intermodal corridors linking Morocco to its
trading partners, these highways would be introduced by adopting and implementing
a set of measures to optimize, increase the reliability of and regularize the flows of a
given import/export supply chain from beginning to end, from the producer to
customers in the recipient country.
Besides the economic benefits awaited from this concept in terms of minimizing delay
and logistics costs and improving the quality of services and border operations, it
should also contribute to reducing environmental impacts.
These positive impacts are amplified as these export highways, inspired by the “Sea
Highways”16 concept, aim to shift flows from road to sea transport as much as possible.
According to a recent study17, transporting one metric ton of freight across 1km, rail
and road transport would respectively emit 22% and 450% more GHG than the sea
transport.
In 2015, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) published documents
showing the impact of sea highways on reducing GHG emissions (See the table below)
Objective: Quantifying the impact of the use of a transport modality to alternate road
transport for 9 months.
Context: Transporting goods from a factory in Nord-Pas-Calaisto to a warehouse close to
Bilbao (logistics plat-form that subsequently feeds the various sale points in
Spain).
Scenario 1 : Scenario 2 :
Shipping goods by truck to Bilbao Shipping loaded trucks on a ship (Ro-Ro ou
Ro-Pax) in the of Rotterdam to Bilbao
Results : Emission of a total of 35 tons of CO2of Results : Emission of a total of 9 tons of CO2of
GHG from road freight. GHG from sea freight.
Net GHG impact: sea freight enables the reduction of GHG emissions by 26 tons of CO2, thus a
reduction of 74%ofGHG emissions.
16
A highway of the sea is a principle of the EU Common Transport Policy which emphasizes the importance of maritime
transport which differs from conventional cabotage or maritime links through seeking performance throughout the transport
chain by offering the possibility of a significant modal shift. It is to provide frequent, regular and timely (fixed timing) services
between two ports; services that are both fast and reliable for an attractive price compared to what the road offers. The French
Ministry of Environment, Energy and sea
17
Environmental and Social Impacts of Marine Transport in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System- January 2013
In 2015, the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) published documents
showing the impact of sea highways on reducing GHG emissions (See the table below)
31
31
Objective: Quantifying the impact of the use of a transport modality to alternate road
transport for 9 months.
Context: Transporting goods from a factory in Nord-Pas-Calaisto a warehouse close toThe dematerialization of procedures and the development of computerized
solutions for transit border operations with the aim of particularly reducing the
use of paper documents and the thinning and improvement of the traceability of
movements of goods in Moroccan ports and airports.
In this context, Morocco’s port community has set up a one stop counter with the aim
of dematerializing and thinning foreign trade procedures by anticipating the
information and action and setting network partners. This solution contributes to the
planning and optimization of controls and inspections and therefore, the decongestion
of ports and reduction of wait times and delays in the port passage.
Ecological gains of the dematerialization of foreign trade procedures through the Single
Window PORTNET18
The implementation of the electronic single window PORTNET
helped the simplification and the dematerialization of
documents of a large number of foreign trade procedures in
Morocco. This dematerialisation, synonymous with reducing
paper flow, allowed streamlining natural resources such as
timber and brought significant gains in the value chain related
to their management, as well, such as : transportation, printing,
archiving, distribution, copying, ...
Dematerialization, through PORTNET, of importation papers, exportation licenses, customs control management
and tracking sheets of imported goods
involves itself significant environmental
gains.
In fact, the process of the
dematerialization of foreign trade
procedures allows Morocco to save the 1 160 308 000 Litre 142 000 m3
equivalent of the annual consumption of
7,735 households in terms of fresh water,
42,053 households in terms of electricity Anuual gains of
and 15,727 households in terms of waste. 1 160 308 000dematerialization
Litre of
142 000 m3
documents
Furthermore, this dematerialization will 802 090 Trees 1 160 308 142 000 Baril
save 800,000 trees a year (the size of the 000 Litre
Grunewald forest) and save the 1 160 308 000
equivalent of the annual fuel L142 000 BarilGains annuels de la
802 090 Arbre dématérialisation desdits 142 000 Baril
consumption of 17 000 car.
1 160 308
documents
193 445 000 KWH 000 15 861 000 Kg
Litre
142 000 Baril
802193 445 142802 090
000 KWH Trees
193 445 000 KWH Gains annuels de la
1 160 308
dématérialisation desdits
142 000 Baril 000 Litre
documents
193 445 000 802 090
KWH 193 44515 Arbre
861 000 Kg 1 160 308
142 000 Baril
Gains annuels de 000
la dématérial
Litre
142 000 m3
193 445 000 802 090
18 Source : PORTNET S.A KWH 15 861 000 Kg Arbre
itre
142 000 m3
32
142 000 m3 32
15 861 000 Kg
193 445 000 802 090
1 160 308 000 Litre
KWH Arbre
142 000 m3
142 000 m3You can also read
