The Relationship of Home Renovation and Gender at Suburban Housing of Semarang City in Indonesia
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
ISSN 0354-8724 (hard copy) | ISSN 1820-7138 (online)
The Relationship of Home Renovation
and Gender at Suburban Housing
of Semarang City in Indonesia
Landung EsaritiA*, Marsella PutriA , Fitri FauziahA , Diah DewiA
Received: February 14, 2021 | Revised: May 24, 2021 | Accepted: May 27, 2021
doi: 10.5937/gp25-30861
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore gender influence on home renovation based on family life cy-
cle in suburban housing of Bukit Kencana Jaya Semarang, Indonesia. Sixty households were interviewed
and the resulting data were analyzed using the mix method. This attempt is important to determine the
gender roles and relations influencing housing demand policies. The result showed most renovation ac-
tivities were conducted on families with children, in addition to formulating two deductions. First, in
single and new couples, gender productive roles tend to support house function in terms of economic
existence and societal perception. Second, in families with children and elderly, these utilities serve as a
habitat for income sources and welfare support.
Keywords: family life cycle; gender; home renovation
Introduction
The definition of gender covers the social interpre- of the identities representing gender relations. Moreo-
tation applied to differentiate men and women dur- ver, gender refers to a regular activity (Tjørring, 2016),
ing family and community interactions (Wieringa, although is also about decision making in this paper.
1998; Sullivan, 2004). This concept appears natural- Therefore, households are viewed as individuals re-
ly flexible and is location based depending on reli- sponsible for the decisions in the renovation. Further-
gion, culture, public structure and educational status more, gender also relates to age, sex, family structures
influencing individual mindset as well as communi- and power relations within the home.
ty response. Under these circumstances, the devel- The negligence of space requirements during
opment of persons is an important factor in observ- house acquisition is mainly responsible for the po-
ing the performance of gender relations roles. Gender tential adjustments. Based on Agusniansyah &
relations play siginificant functions in participation Widiastuti (2016), the average Indonesian residence
and decision making for family subsistence (Soehar- has experienced certain alterations in physical con-
so & Kusumowidagdo, 2016; Rotman, 2005). A com- ditions, due to space demands. These circumstanc-
mon instance involves the determination of the spe- es are caused by the increasing family size, chang-
cific area to revamp and is possibly influenced by ing in marital status, and household structure (Clark
the family head, regardless of mutual relationship & Onaka, 1983). A positive response involves initial
or power difference. One party appears more domi- design modification to accommodate the space di-
nant, compared to the others. The outcome forms one versification.
A Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Prof Soedharto SH Street, Tembalang, Semarang,
Indonesia
* Corresponding author: Landung Esariti; e-mail: landungesariti@lecturer.undip.ac.id; Tel: +62821 3875 7228
Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021) 63
The Relationship of Home Renovation and Gender
at Suburban Housing of Semarang City in Indonesia
Home renovation is closely related to the influ- tive and community (Munro & Smith, 1989; Kaufman,
ence of family life cycle to utilize space. The life cy- 2000). Productive roles are associated to the income
cle includes the developmental stages comprimising of family members, specifically, the household head,
single, new, and household with children and elder- and are also conducted inside and outside the envi-
ly persons. This concept determines the extent of ad- ronment. Meanwhile, the reproductive aspects repre-
justment. For instance, in single setting, the bedroom sent parental upbringing, child bearing and domestic
assumes the most important segment to maintain the chores. These situations are also in terms of nurturing
functional quality and performance, as well as typi- and generally describe the feminine positions. Last-
cally serves as a favourite space to relax. Meanwhile, ly, community roles depict the associations between
families with children exhibit various habits and pat- family members and the surroundings, in addition, to
terns. Also, the characteristic of space utilization is re- the external communication patterns, or network cre-
lated to health care concerns (Davey, 2006; Fischer & ation for family sustenance.
Khorunzhina, 2014). For instance, the major renova- Moreover, gender relations consider the home per-
tion is performed in the kitchen. Moreover, the com- sonality of the rooms requiring renovation (Hasell &
mon pattern involves creating an additional room or Peatross, 1990). These measures refer to individual
converting the space from the terrace to a living room. interactions with others, and are observed from the
This adjustment is due to additional activities in an ef- interpretation of assigned functions, including deci-
fort to improve family life quality, e.g. children edu- sion making and welfare. In a family context, gender
cation events (Tupenaite et al., 2010). This description relations are also connected to power interactions, as
clarifies the relationship between gender and home well as the strong desire for control in people and
development in terms of how to improve the quali- family assets (Kandiyoti, 1988). However, in Indone-
ty of family life. However, recent researches have not sian culture, the relationship is geared towards pa-
comprehended the correlation between gender and triarchy and extended families. This paper is aimed
home renovation, but on the decision influencing fac- at exploring the influence of gender roles and rela-
tors, including economic and environmental consid- tions on the home renovation decisions in Bukit
erations. Meanwhile, gender determinants on recon- Kencana Jaya housing complex. This location is oc-
struction focused extensively on the performance of curs in a low and middle housing facility in Tem-
gender role and relations. For example, older persons balang district, Semarang city. The diversification of
tend to maintain the original house design, compare house types and the length of the occupancy are the
to relocating to a smaller shelter. The gender role in primary reasons for the present research. Further-
a domestic space is connected to the decision mak- more, the sample area comprises 110 hectares, and
er, as regards the renovation and also implementation 6 sub-complexes. Based on the master plan for Se-
(Knodel et al., 2005). This position covers the expect- marang, between 2010-2030, the research location
ed behaviours, values and attitudes appropriate for has become one of the developing areas at suburban
male and female. Three varying gender roles are as- districts with the main function of a sub-city settle-
signed within a family, termed productive, reproduc- ments with low - medium density.
Data and Methods
The gender determinants were identified as influenc- qualitative process involving interviews and field ob-
ing factors in the decision to conduct home renova- servations. Based on preliminary survey in March 2020,
tion, including the gender roles and relations of family the location of Bukit Kencana Jaya Housing complex
members. Gender roles and relations also include the comprises six clusters, including Bukit Mutiara Jaya
individual conditions related to the level of education, 1, Bukit Mutiara Jaya 2, Bukit Mutiara Jaya 3, Bukit
sex, job type, income and assets ownership (Rotman, New Mutiara, Bukit Saphire Jaya and Bukit Permata
2005; Safran-Norton, 2010). In addition, gender influ- Jaya. Also, a convenient sample technique was derived
ence is also visible in the analysis of family percep- to yield sixty respondents. The survey was performed
tions towards house function as a means to enhance during the coronavirus pandemic, where physical and
life quality (Munro & Smith, 1989; Shrestha, 2000), social distancing were enacted. Furthermore, sixty par-
and is adjusted to fit the family life cycle. ticipants were considered to have represented the total
This paper employed a mixed method, described as population, as the proportion of the number was in ac-
a combination of quantitative and qualitatitive analy- cordance with the size of the sample house types.
sis. Initially, quantitative approach was employed to de- Interview questions were composed of three as-
termine the sample quota and location, followed by the pects, including profile identification related to gender
64 Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021)
Landung Esariti, Marsella Putri,
Fitri Fauziah, Diah Dewi
Table 1. Interview Guidelines
Part Questions
A
Sex, age, educational background,
income, family member size
Home ownership status
Profile Identifications
Land status
Length of occupation
Buying mechanism (cash/credit)
B
Land plot area
Housing type
Home Renovation The number of bedrooms
Activities The number of bathrooms
Part of house to be renovated
Renovation motivation
C
The number of bedrooms and
bathroom to meet the family needs
Figure 1. Location of the study area and sample Yard availability
distribution [click on figure to zoom] Consideration
Variables In Buying Business space accessibility
First Home Amenities
attributes, detail information on renovation and con-
Access
sidering factors in the first home purchase. The de-
tailed outline of the interview questions are as follows. Environment conditions
This paper included three analysis stages, using
descriptive and explanatory technique. The first in- the unmarried house owner, new family as a recent-
volved the evaluation of home renovation typology for ly married couple without any children, families with
each family life cycle, while the second and last were children as household in the medium family develop-
based on the influence of gender roles and relations mental stage, mostly with 2-5 offspring, while elderly
to home renovations, respectively. Therefore, in terms as family members of over 65 years old living alone or
of the four types of family life cycle, it is necessary with spouses, but the children reside separately and
to observe an operational definition termed, single as independently.
Results and Discussions
Analyis of Home Renovation Typology do not oblige to effect home renovations,e.g creating
Family composition tends to influence the housing additional bedrooms or upgrading house floors, as in-
demands, and is strongly based on the degree of eco- terviews data showed a significant satisfactory level.
nomic conditions (Karsten, 2007). Clark and Ona- The second type describes the new families, where
ka (1983) complemented the report of marital status changes in marital status are a very influential deci-
and family composition as greatly impacting hous- sive factor in house ownership and reconstruction
ing demands. Furthermore, field observations showed (Wu, 2010). Field observation data emphasized the
significant variations in home renovation activities major facelifts to include the transformation of a gar-
based on the family life cycle. den into a terrace as a business startup workspace.
The first group refers to singles, where the most im- However, the variety of business involved the open-
portant aspects in determining home ownership in- ing of food shops, laundries, and water refill services.
clude marital status, house costs, and work experienc- Furthermore, the economic motive appears as a very
es. Also, the activities of these individuals involved strong determinant in shaping the behavior of new
excess time consumption outside the home, in terms family groups. This is consistent with the interview
of long working hours, hangouts, and other outdoor data, where majority of responses showed the income
fun engagements (Wu, 2010) Therefore, single groups level as the most important factor in home ownership.
Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021) 65
The Relationship of Home Renovation and Gender
at Suburban Housing of Semarang City in Indonesia
Figure 2. Example of types of physical adaptation according to family life cycle
A - For single – original design preservation
B - For new family – terrace is used for home based business
The third is a family with children commonly resid- This is proven to be positive for health maintenance
ing in smaller shelters, with an area of 21-22
m2 in the and food sustainability (Hwang et al., 2011).
research location. This condition is due to high income
allocation to consumption needs, in terms of feeding, Analysis of Gender Role Correlation
school fees, and future savings costs (Tan, 2012). There- to Home Renovations
fore, the group does not have sufficient funds to ac- The gender determinants describe the urgency to ac-
quire larger houses. In line with the family structure commodate family members requirements in a fair
growth, it is necessary for home renovation to accom- and proportional manner, depending on the roles and
modate the increasing space requirements. The survey relations (Shrestha, 2000). Housing demands reflect
data clearly showed over 91% of respondents from fam- family size, individual background, financial abili-
ilies with children performed renovations, while the re- ties and preferences. This search has become very per-
maining were in rented houses. Furthermore, the va- sonal as the types and conditions of each household
riety of changes encompassed additional bedrooms, vary in terms of family life cycle. In the single group,
bathrooms, building floors and kitchen expansion. the entire respondents resided in a 21 m2 shelter. Also,
Lastly, elderly families are less probable to effect previous research viewed single and young families to
home renovations. Apart from the declining house involve smaller accommodation, compared to fami-
size, the renovation have probably been initiated dur- lies with children (Wu, 2010). Based on interview re-
ing the family with children stage. This category gen- sults of single group, house preferences were more
erally uses part of the home as a place for self-actu- influenced by workplace distance. This finding is in
alization and field observations showed the active accordance with (Andersen, 2011), where single peo-
role in assisting neighbors with child care and oth- ple tend to select houses with higher non-financial
er nurturing activities. As an evidence, elderly fami- considerations, e.g. as related to ease of maintenance
lies are known to open child care and shuttle services and access to places often visited. The discovery also
for school children. These efforts foster a sense of self- supports the performance of gender role in a produc-
confidence in the ability to demonstrate a productive tive aspect. Furthermore, housing location is a very
role in economic terms. In addition, the renovations important concern for job opportunities and income
commonly involved turning the yard into a garden. generation activities (Munro & Smith, 1989).
66 Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021)Landung Esariti, Marsella Putri,
Fitri Fauziah, Diah Dewi
Figure 3. Home Renovation Pattern For Each Family Life Cycle
The overall respondents in the new family group members. Furthermore, the prospective gender repro-
have lived separately from parents. In addition, the ductive role has been carefully considered.
need to be independent encourages the plan to ac- Families with children mostly dwell in small shel-
quire a house more suitable with family develop- ters of 21 and 22 m2, contrary to the need for a bigger
ment. This shows marital status occurs in a close re- house unlike the single and new families (Wu, 2010).
lationship with home ownership as stated by (Fischer Tan (2012) reportedly agreed to the previous research
& Khorunzhina, 2014). The renovations possibly in- and further stressed the relationship of home owner-
volve widening of kitchen space and the need for a ter- ship to household size, but the possibility is actually
race/front yard for socialization purposes. As a conse- eroded by feeding and family health needs. Addition-
quence, recognition forms a representation of identity al children in a family reduces the possibility of buy-
and position within the community. A presence of a ing a house. Interview results showed families with
terrace also serves as a place for home business activ- children in smaller accommodations as there are sur-
ity to support family income. Field findings showed plus needs to fulfil, including the excess home pur-
33 and 67% of respondents reside in a 21 and 22 m2 chase loans. Therefore, to anticipate the change in
apartment, respectively, and were classified as small household size, renovations were initiated. As prov-
types. Also, the results revealed similiar pattern with en, 91% of the respondents in families with children
the single group, where gender productive role was performed embarked on the reconstruction. Mean-
more profound than community involvement. The while, the rest were unable to afford the opportunity,
renovation of terrace supports the reason for income due to occupying rented houses, and are in limited fi-
earning activities. However, the primary residential nancial conditions. Families with children experienc-
selection factor in the new family category was the ing divorce showed a tendency to change accommo-
distance to school. This clarifies the acknowledge- dations, using the rental system. Moreover, interview
ment of future needs, depending on additional family results supported (Clapham, 2009), where divorce is
Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021) 67The Relationship of Home Renovation and Gender
at Suburban Housing of Semarang City in Indonesia
believed to influence family financial conditions, as members and patriarchal cultural factors. According
home ownership appears very significant (Fischer & to Sakina (2017) and Kandiyoti (1988), a patriarchal
Khorunzhina, 2014). Therefore, the possibility of di- culture continues to develop within the framework of
vorce is also a high stake in house purchase, as well Indonesian society. This philosophy appears in vari-
as uncertainty in revenues, house prices and financial ous spheres, termed, economics, education, politics
assets. The impact of this situation caused the inabil- and also law. In the scope of home renovation, patri-
ity to acquire a house by loan or cash. In addition, di- archal culture is perceived from household decision
vorced and non-divorced conditions are examples of making. However, in practice, the majority of conclu-
gender role influence, as it determines house prefer- sions are achieved by men as the family head (Holm-
ence, as well as the renovation. Furthermore, the pat- es & Jones, 2010). This is very pronounce in situations
tern of the revamp motive in family with children de- where the only income source originates from the
notes a gender reproductive role. Therefore, family husband. Therefore, women tend to increasingly lack
livelihood, child rearing and income stability signif- the courage to partake in household decision making.
icantly contribute to home reconstruction. This phenomenon existed during decision mak-
Based on the acquired data, 87.5% of elderly fam- ing on house segments to renovate. Moreover, men
ilies occupied personal houses and the remaining are commonly known to decide without discussion
12.5% were in rentals. The house sizes varied between and agreement with the women/wives or other family
21, 42, and 45 m2. This proves the existence of elder- members. This is culturally accepted as there is a gen-
ly families in massive houses. Painter & Lee, (2009), eral mindset where decision making powers reside in
however, argued the changes in health status and age husbands. However, the situation has resulted in in-
instigated the reduction in home ownership main- creased limitations of women participation in similar
tenance, and were also responsible for the transition processes, including the determination of the home
to smaller housing units. Elderly families in 42 and area to renovate.
45 m2 tend to preserve existing design, despite being The difference in power relations between hus-
separated from the children. The primary reason was band and wife instigates imbalanced preferences.
to maintain the rooms for the visitation of the chil- Conversely, the women are expected to prioritize the
dren and grandchildren. These particular groups re- kitchen as a high value space (Shrestha, 2000). This
gard a comfortable environment and yard availabili- reason is due to longer duration spent in the kitchen,
ty as very significant. as the unit determines cleanliness, health and resil-
Based on interview results, the availability of kin- ience. As a consequence, poor women involvement in
dergartens and primary schools are main considera- decision making is constantly neglected. Interview re-
tions for house preference among elderly families. The sults concluded the control over decision making was
dependency on the two facilities is important in the influenced by access to gender productive roles. More-
opening of child care centers and shuttle services for over, a solid relationship exists between access to de-
school children. These activities are predominantly cision making and income level of individual fami-
conducted by elderly families in personal residences. ly member (Munro & Smith, 1989). Higher earnings
Another positive impact from the use of existing space correspond to an extensive power in this context. Fig-
is the ability to socialize and build relationships with ure 3 shows the results of field observations and in-
neighbors (Martin-Matthews, 2007). For instance, the terviews, and obviously supports the decision making
outdoor space possibly serves for social functions, in- within the household, as determined by the amount
cluding recitation, reading corner, knitting lessons of savings. In addition, the priority of achieving reno-
and other handicraft activities. The observations also vation is greatly influenced by effective funding. Con-
showed a more dynamic housing development in the current and fast reconstruction is possible with rela-
elderly family group (Hwang et al., 2011). Under this tively large resource availability.
circumstance, the house serves as a place for recipro- In a continuing basis, women tend to become inse-
cal connection with the environment, in terms of a cure about self-actualization at the family and com-
mutual social relations with neighbors and the use of munity levels. This is probably resolved by holding
yard for community events. In general, community family discussions. However, for families with sec-
role appears more dominant, compared to reproduc- ondary education and above (high school and tertiary
tive and productive positions for elderly persons. graduates), a culture of interaction is manifested in
the use of shared space (Knodel et al., 2005). For in-
Analysis of Gender Relation To Home Renovations stance, in families with children, everyone mutually
Gender relation is determined by the household struc- agrees on the room to renovate. Figure 3 denotes the
ture, including nuclear or extended. In addition, the process of home renovations as collectively decided by
concept is also influenced by the number of family family members.
68 Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021)Landung Esariti, Marsella Putri,
Fitri Fauziah, Diah Dewi
Figure 4. The correlation of gender role and gender relation, family life cycle, and home renovation
The need for various space types in families with preserve the space in a living room, but the usage in-
children is also determined by environmental and creases. There are additional purposes to jointly ap-
cultural indicators (Hasell & Peatross, 1990). In ex- plied in a living room, including a place for receiving
tended families, the living room serves as a semi- guests and also for family benefit.
public space. Therefore, the renovation pattern is to
Conclusion
Based on interview results and discussions, changes the success of the family structure. Meanwhile, gen-
in housing conditions were dependent on family de- der relations determines the conditions, discussions,
velopment dynamics. This was indicated by the char- participation and cooperation required to achieve an
acteristic variations in the four family life cycle stages. improved life quality. Therefore, the relationship of
However, households without any renovation plans gender determinants and house renovations were di-
due to financial constraints, marital status and own- vided into two characteristics in Bukit Kencana Jaya
ership issues, were also prevalent. complex. First, in singles and new families, the gen-
The gender determinants, including the roles and der influence was based on the residential function
relations, showed the houses were expected to serve in terms of maintaining social status, economic ex-
as an identification of family social status, as well istence and family position.As a consequence, gender
as individual capacity enhancement and communi- roles serve as productive and community functions.
ty development. In addition, gender roles are relat- Second, in families with children and elderly persons,
ed to the extent of responsibility demonstrated by ex- the focus was with respect to protection and welfare
tended members and also the optimal contribution to maintenance needed to support the fulfillment of ba-
Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021) 69The Relationship of Home Renovation and Gender
at Suburban Housing of Semarang City in Indonesia
sic requirements and mental or spiritual health. Fur- strument in supporting livelihoods and fostering har-
thermore, a consolidation exists in the reproductive monious interactions with neighbors.
and community roles of a house as a significant in-
Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to the the Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia for financially support-
ing this research through Strategic Research Grant 2020.
References
Agusniansyah, N., & Widiastuti, K. (2016). Konsep Karsten, L. (2007). Housing as a way of life: To-
Pengolahan Desain Rumah Tumbuh [The Concept wards an understanding of middle-class fam-
of Growing House Design]. Modul, 16(1), 1. https:// ilies’ preference for an urban residential loca-
doi.org/10.14710/mdl.16.1.2016.1-12 tion. Housing Studies, 22(1), 83–98. https://doi.
Andersen, H. S. (2011). Motives for tenure choice dur- org/10.1080/02673030601024630
ing the life cycle: The importance of non-econom- Kaufman, G. (2000). Do gender role attitudes mat-
ic factors and other housing preferences. Housing, ter? Family formation and dissolution among tra-
Theory and Society, 28(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/1 ditional and egalitarian men and women. Jour-
0.1080/14036096.2010.522029 nal of Family Issues, 21(1), 128–144. https://doi.
Clapham, D. (2009). Introduction to the special is- org/10.1177/019251300021001006
sue - A theory of housing: Problems and potential. Knodel, J., Loi, V. M., Jayakody, R., & Huy, V.
Housing, Theory and Society, 26(1), 1–9. https://doi. T. (2005). Gender Roles in the Family. Asian
org/10.1080/14036090802704445 Population Studies, 1(1), 69–92. https://doi.
Clark, W. A. V., & Onaka, J. L. (1983). Life Cycle and org/10.1080/17441730500125888
Housing Adjustment as Explanations of Residen- Martin-Matthews, A. (2007). Situating “home” at
tial Mobility. Urban Studies, 20(1), 47–57. https:// the nexus of the public and private apheres: Age-
doi.org/10.1080/713703176 ing, gender and home support work in Cana-
Davey, J. (2006). “Ageing in Place”: The Views of Old- da. Current Sociology, 55(2), 229–249. https://doi.
er Homeowners on Maintenance, Renovation and org/10.1177/0011392107073305
Adaptation. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, Munro, M., & Smith, S. J. (1989). Gender and Housing:
(27), 128. Retrieved from https://www.msd.govt.nz/ Broadening the Debate. Housing Studies, 4(1), 3–17.
about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resourc- https://doi.org/10.1080/02673038908720639
es/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/ Painter, G., & Lee, K. O. (2009). Housing tenure tran-
spj27/ageing-in-place-the-views-of-older-home- sitions of older households: Life cycle, demograph-
owners-27-pages128-141.html ic, and familial factors. Regional Science and Urban
Fischer, M., & Khorunzhina, N. (2014). Family Com- Economics, 39(6), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
position and the Optimal Deman for Housing over regsciurbeco.2009.07.006
the Life Cycle. Copenhagen Business School. https:// Rotman, D. L. (2005). Newlyweds, young families,
doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.12.3.365 and spinsters: A consideration of developmental
Hasell, M. J., & Peatross, F. D. (1990). Exploring Con- cycle in historical archaeologies of gender. Interna-
nections Between Women’s Changing Roles and tional Journal of Historical Archaeology, 9(1), 1–36.
House Forms. Environment and Behavior, 22(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-005-5670-0
3–26. Safran-Norton, C. E. (2010). Physical home environ-
Holmes, R., & Jones, N. (2010). Overseas Development ment as a determinant of aging in place for differ-
Institute: Rethinking social protection using a gen- ent types of elderly households. Journal of Hous-
der lens. Odi. ing for the Elderly, 24(2), 208–231. https://doi.
Hwang, E., Cummings, L., Sixsmith, A., & Sixsmith, J. org/10.1080/02763891003757494
(2011). Impacts of home modifications on aging-in- Sakina, A. I. (2017). Menyoroti Budaya Patriarki Di
place. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 25(3), 246– Indonesia (Investigating Patriarchy in Indone-
257. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763893.2011.595611 sia). Share: Social Work Journal, 7(1), 71. https://doi.
Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with Patriarchy. org/10.24198/share.v7i1.13820
Gender and Society, 2(3), 274–290.
70 Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021)Landung Esariti, Marsella Putri,
Fitri Fauziah, Diah Dewi
Shrestha, G. (2000). Gender Relations and Housing: gy renovation projects. Energy Research and So-
A Cross-community Analysis. Gender, Technology cial Science, 22, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
and Development, 4(1), 61–86. https://doi.org/10.10 erss.2016.08.008
80/09718524.2000.11909952 Tupenaite, L., Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., Tur-
Soeharso, D., & Kusumowidagdo, A. (2016). Pengaruh skis, Z., & Seniut, M. (2010). Multiple criteria as-
Family Life Cycle Dalam Keputusan Memilih De- sessment of alternatives for built and human envi-
sain Rumah Tinggal dan Lingkungan [Family Life ronment renovation. Journal of Civil Engineering
Cycle Influence of Home and Environment Design and Management, 16(2), 257–266. https://doi.
Choice]. Jurnal Aksen, 1(2), 5–26. org/10.3846/jcem.2010.30
Sullivan, O. (2004). Changing Gender Practic- Wieringa, S. E. (1998). Rethinking gender planning: A
es within the Household: A Theoretical Perspec- critical discussion of the use of the concept of gender.
tive. Gender and Society, 18(2), 207–222. https://doi. Gender, Technology and Development, 2(3), 349–
org/10.1177/0891243203261571 371. https://doi.org/10.1177/097185249800200301
Tan, T. H. (2012). Meeting first-time buyers’ housing Wu, F. (2010). Housing environment prefer-
needs and preferences in greater Kuala Lumpur. ence of young consumers in Guangzhou, Chi-
Cities, 29(6), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cit- na: Using the analytic hierarchy process. Prop-
ies.2011.11.016 erty Management, 28(3), 174–192. https://doi.
Tjørring, L. (2016). We forgot half of the popula- org/10.1108/02637471011051318
tion! The significance of gender in Danish ener-
Geographica Pannonica • Volume 25, Issue 2, 63–71 (June 2021) 71You can also read
