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the review North American edition
The resilience of air traffic demand • Transit-oriented development goes rural
Is Hyperloop shooting for the stars? • NYC’s citywide ferry study
Maracanã takes shape for Soccer World Cup
Issue 11 - November 2013
www.na.steerdaviesgleave.com
welcome november 2013
Welcome New faces
Hello and welcome to the latest Stefan Reul Tim McQue
edition of our North American Review. associate associate
Stefan joins our Boston office Tim joins us as Head of
This year Steer Davies Gleave is as an Associate. He brings over Technical Due Diligence
celebrating working in North America eight years experience at CDM having previously worked
for over 20 years. As you can see from Smith (formerly Wilbur Smith Associates) where for Leigh Fisher, Capita Symonds and
all the new faces and the number of he was responsible for project management Halcrow. He is a civil engineer whose Events
people presenting at conferences, we and technical delivery of toll-road, managed- lengthy career includes ten years delivering
have grown a lot – from one person in lanes and travel demand modeling studies. Lenders’ Technical Advisory and due Rail~Volution 2013 ACT Canada Sustainable Mobility Summit
a serviced office in Vancouver to now Before moving to the United States, Stefan diligence services. Tim has excellent Seattle, Washington. 20-23 October Calgary, Alberta. 27–30 October
nearly 50 full time staff. Our growth worked for over eight years as a consultant global experience having worked on due
and continued success is the result in Munich and Stuttgart, Germany with a diligence commissions in the UK, Germany, Once again, Steer Davies Gleave is proud This year’s speakers from SDG include: Steer Davies Gleave is pleased to
of our most valued assets – you…our focus on transit and rail planning projects. Slovakia, India, Turkey, Portugal and India. to be involved with the Rail~Volution be attending this year’s ACT Canada
clients, partners and affiliates. conference, helping to shape the Stuart Anderson, speaking on “The
Sustainable Mobility Summit in Calgary. If
organization’s current conference program role of TDM in station area plans”
Pete Lowson Chris Hoskin you are planning to attend, keep an eye out
At SDG, we continue to pride and provide input into its future. Peter Piet, presenting “The for the following staff from our Vancouver
associate associate
ourselves as being ‘thought leaders’ Our participation in Rail~Volution, led transformation of Walworth Road in and Toronto offices who will be presenting
across the full spectrum of the Pete joins our aviation team Chris joins SDG us as the London from a corridor to a place”
by our representatives on the National on recent projects and experience:
transportation industry – challenging as an Associate. He brings new Head of Rolling Stock.
Steering Committee, Tim Baldwin and
assumptions, bringing our global extensive management Chris began his career Alan Jones, presenting “Downtown Geoff England, presenting on goBerkeley:
Jean Sanson, fits well with SDG’s goal of
perspectives to local challenges and experience within the aviation sector in blue designing automated condition monitoring Mississauga’s Movement Plan” Integrating TDM and Parking Management
working with communities worldwide to
then following through to support our chip organizations across Europe, the Middle equipment for AEA Technology Rail. Having Ashley Curtis, speaking on “Delivering in Downtown Berkeley, California
help develop integrated transportation
clients by providing strategic advice East and North America including senior worked across the rail industry in Europe, BRT and Transit Oriented Development in
solutions that make our cities and urban Nithya Vijayakumar, presenting on
underpinned by technical excellence. management positions at Virgin Atlantic, Delta he moved to Sydney in 2006 where he the UK and lessons for North America”
areas better places to live, work and play. Market Segmentation: Exploring
Air Lines and Gatwick Airport. For the past six worked as a rolling stock consultant for
years he has been working as a management Halcrow working across Australasia. Rail~Volution plays an important role in Jean Sanson, moderating a panel on “Transit the various approaches to
We sincerely hope you enjoy
consultant specializing in aviation transactions, shaping policies and procedures related and the Urban Realm”, a discussion on understanding your TDM Market
the Review and if you have any
feasibility studies, and airport investment. to linking land use and transportation. “International BRT: Experience, Corridor
questions, please do get in touch. Justine Clift, presenting on TDM
Laura Vina-Arias Planning and Cultural Differences”, Planning in Auto-Oriented Environments:
senior consultant and a lunchtime ideas exchange on
Jon Bottom The San Diego Experience
Mark Feldman Laura joins our Boston suburban transit-oriented development
Head of SDG USA
principal consultant office as Senior Consultant.
Tim Baldwin, moderating a panel on
Mark joins our Boston office She recently graduated
“First Mile, Last Mile, Whatever It Takes:
as a Principal Consultant. He from Massachusetts Institute of
Non-Motorized Station Access”
joins from Citilabs in Hartford, Technology with a dual Master’s degree
Ian Druce where he developed traffic models in Cube in Transportation and City Planning, and
Head of SDG Canada Voyager. Mark has seven years of experience holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from
in travel demand forecasting and transit the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. CUTA Fall Conference IBTTA Annual Meeting and Conference
ridership models, and will continue to work She is skilled in travel demand models Calgary, Alberta. 23–27 November Vancouver, British Columbia. 22–25 September
in those areas at Steer Davies Gleave. and system dynamics modeling.
SDG will again be prominent at the 2013 This year’s speakers from SDG include: Steer Davies Gleave Associate David
Canadian Urban Transit Association Cuneo attended the conference and gave a
Dennis Fletcher, a member of the CUTA
Fall Conference in Calgary AB. This presentation on seasonal toll rates using the
Board of Directors and Business Members’
the re
view
The Review is Project update: SDG street design in Moscow gets Mayoral approval year’s conference theme: Transforming
Executive, will provide insight into Chesapeake Expressway as a case study. The
Can good
North
Americ
an edition
read by over the Customer Experience, gives us an International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike
innovative ways of dealing with big data
transit
the review
Findin design save
received mayoral go ahead and was opened
g your
way in money? •
SDG has been
the world Using
• Don’t ‘Smarter Choice
forget
the Europes’ to suppo
North American Edition
an Rail~V rt TDM
opportunity to highlight interesting projects
olution
8,000 transport Association is the worldwide association of
A vibra
than nt city
the sum is great
of its er
An interview with Daniel Brand • Open access across Europe parts
in late Spring this year. Nikolskaya street
By rail or by air? • The next big thing
Northeast Corridor: Best hope for high speed rail?
working with PwC across the country from complete streets Ian Druce, our Head of Canadian
professionals toll facility owners and operators and toll-
Moscow on strategic stretches from Lubyanka Square up to
Issue
www.na. 07 Octobe
steerdav r 2011
iesgleave
Business will be presenting our recent
.com
Issue 06 July 2011
www.na.steerdaviesgleave.com
around the world. planning to data intensive planning related business. Their 81st annual conference
urban realm work to the Red Square and our designs have analysis and GIS applications. work on TransLink’s Transit-Oriented
If you would like to receive was held in Vancouver, British Columbia.
reconnect and reclaim transformed it into a pedestrian zone. Communities Design Guidelines
a free subscription visit: Moscow’s city streets,
na.steerdaviesgleave.com/subscribe To read our previous North American Review Matt Lee will be presenting with Strathcona
squares and public spaces for pedestrians. article about SDG’s Moscow Street Design project
County on the use of GIS in transit
One of the streets that we developed visit: www.na.steerdaviesgleave.com/news-and-
visualizations for, Nikolskaya street, insights/upping-the-pace-in-Moscow
2 3
Louisville - Southern Indiana Ohio River Bridges Project
Bridging the funding gap
As our transportation backlog of $121 billion for all U.S. bridges. tt Brent Spence Bridge (Cincinnati,
The resilience of air traffic demand
system ages, there It is therefore imperative that viable forms OH / Covington, KY)
is a growing need to of funding are found. The $12.8 billion that tt Mid-Currituck Bridge (Currituck, NC)
FHWA notes is currently spent annually on tt Champlain Bridge (Montreal, QC)
repair, rehabilitate,
bridges represents only about 60% of the
and in some cases
annual investment actually needed, and the Depending on the stage of the project Throughout its The constant, though modest, growth in U.S. fig. 1: air travel demand vs economic growth
add capacity to our situation could further deteriorate with the development, our traffic and revenue history, the U.S. air traffic observed in the last few years can % Change enplanements % Change GDP
infrastructure. This elimination of the Highway Bridge Program forecasting has been tailored to serve be attributed to several factors, most notably
airline industry has
need is arguably at its greatest where as part of the MAP-21 transportation bill. different purposes. For example, SDG is industry consolidation, rapid growth of low
10%
proven itself to be 8%
bridges are concerned. actively involved in several elements of the cost carriers (LCCs), and market liberalization.
highly dynamic,
6%
4%
To add to the already long list of issues LSIORB Project. This is an interesting bi-state Though consolidation has resulted in fewer
continuously 2%
By David Cuneo described, future funding could be hampered project which involves the rehabilitation flights and higher fares on some routes,
adapting to changes 0%
by the anticipated shortfall in the Highway of one bridge and the construction of two many routes between major airports have -2% 9/11
In 2012, the Federal Highway Trust Fund, the primary federal fund used new bridges: one in the downtown area
in regulatory, economic, and seen significant increases in traffic, due to -4%
Administration (FHWA) designated a to pay for highway and bridge projects. and one in the eastern end of the Louisville competitive environments. the introduction of LCC service. At the same
-6%
-8%
quarter of all U.S. bridges as functionally The main source of replenishment for the Metropolitan area. Indiana and Kentucky are time, legacy carriers have been deploying
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
obsolete or structurally deficient. fund is from the federal fuel tax. But real each responsible for financing and building By Laura Viña-Arias capacity more efficiently, which has led to
tax receipts are lagging, due to a tax rate one of the crossings, and toll revenues will be increased yields and record load factors.
Recent high profile events, including the which has not increased since 1993, and shared evenly. SDG developed the traffic and Despite recent years being some of the As a result, enplanements at major U.S. economic growth will drive corresponding
bridge collapses on I-35W in Minnesota the increasing fuel efficiency of vehicles. revenue forecasts being used by Kentucky most troubled in the history of air travel, airports have been growing faster than total growth in air traffic, both in the U.S. and
and I-5 in Washington (the latter initiated in its plan of finance and presented these this demonstrated resilience—along with enplanements. At the same time, market worldwide. If history tells us anything, it’s
by a semi-trailer collision with the bridge), Given the needs of our infrastructure forecasts to the rating agencies and USDOT the promise of steady economic growth— liberalization has stimulated competition that the airline industry is unpredictable
have served to highlight the problems and this lack of funding, many locations in preparation of bond issuance. We are also points to commercial air traffic returning to a on international routes, giving passengers in the short term. Over time, however,
bridges in the U.S. are currently susceptible have been turning to tolling as a way to working with the tolling body, composed of sustained trajectory of robust growth in the more choices and generally lower fares. economic growth has always led to growth
to – and their potential consequences. help finance bridge projects - including members from Kentucky and Indiana, to set near future. in air traffic, and by this measure, the
With some estimates suggesting that every repair and maintenance projects and the the initial and future schedule of toll rates, It is worth noting that this continued upward future—in aviation terms—is bright.
day U.S. commuters take over 200 million development of new bridges to take the and have been involved in the later stages Looking back at historical U.S. air traffic trend contrasts sharply with that of auto
trips across deficient bridges, it is clear pressure off existing infrastructure. of the environmental justice assessment. volumes, it is evident that growth in demand travel in the U.S., which has plateaued To find out more contact:
that maintenance and repair works must for air travel is closely tied to economic and even begun to decline in recent Laura Viña-Arias or Paul Cresswell
be carried out to ensure their safety. Steer Davies Gleave has recently prepared As the funding needs of our nation’s bridges growth (see Figure 1). Between 1990 and years. Though both modes are helped e laura.vina-arias@sdgworld.net
traffic and revenue forecasts for several continue to grow, we therefore anticipate 2000, passenger air traffic grew by 4.1% by the increased face-to-face interaction e paul.cresswell@sdgworld.net
Unfortunately, as bridges continue to fall toll bridge projects, including: continuing in this important role of providing annually. Demand fell sharply following the demanded by a growing and increasingly
into disrepair, more money is required the traffic and revenue forecasts required 9/11 terrorist attacks, but between 2003 and global economy, the key difference is that Our aviation team leverages global
to fix them, but the sources of funding tt Dominion Boulevard Bridge on many more toll bridge projects. 2007, it increased 4.3% annually, returning many fewer substitutes exist for high-speed experience to help clients evaluate the
are becoming scarcer. In the 2010 Status (Chesapeake, VA) to pre-9/11 levels by 2004. It decreased long-distance travel than for local travel. business and policy implications of
of the Nation’s Highways, Bridges and tt Louisville-Southern Indiana Ohio To find out more contact: again with the global financial and economic the ever-evolving aviation sector. Our
Transit: Conditions and Performance, FHWA River Bridges (LSIORB) (Louisville, David Cuneo crisis, and has since experienced slow Looking forward, there is consensus among capabilities include traffic and revenue
anticipates that it will cost $76 billion to fix KY / Jeffersonville, IN) e david.cuneo@sdgworld.net growth, resulting in current traffic about major industry stakeholders—including forecasting, strategy and policy review,
all of the structurally deficient bridges in tt New South Norfolk Jordan 2.7% below the peak observed in 2007. Boeing, Airbus, and the FAA—that continued transaction support, and market research.
the U.S. and that there is a total investment Bridge (Chesapeake, VA)
4 5
News in Brief
Transportation Study of Pearson
Is Hyperloop simply
Airport Area, Ontario, Canada
Steer Davies Gleave have been appointed
by Metrolinx, the regional transportation
shooting for the stars? Hyperloop conceptional design rendering Gull wing doors The Hyperloop
agency for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton
Area, to develop a transportation plan for
In August 2013, the of approximately 1½ hours by plane or 5½ to 1/1000 normal air pressure. This is about it is claimed can work at speeds of up to and even a reduction in air pressure to
Toronto’s Pearson Airport, focusing primarily entrepreneur Elon hours by car. But system capacity is also a 250 times greater than the differential air Mach 1.1 with very low friction. This would, only 1/10 of atmospheric pressure would
Musk proposed critical consideration. At a proposed 840 pressure in a commercial aircraft at altitude, however, require smooth joints, extremely provide benefits through a significant
on transit and non-car solutions. During
a novel transport passengers per hour, Hyperloop would so Hyperloop doors and their seals will accurate alignment of the tube over long reduction in comparative friction resistance
the 18-month study we will evaluate the
system called offer capacity equivalent to only one or two need to be extremely robust to prevent distances, with compensation for the sag (see graph). At very high speeds, providing
current and future transportation needs of
high speed trains per hour. Overall system catastrophic depressurization of a pod. of the tubes under self-weight, and very energy to the vehicle can be a problem as
travelers, airport employees and employees Hyperloop to
costs must therefore be kept proportionally gentle transitions into and out of curves. traditional overhead electric contact wires
of the surrounding area. Then, working transport passengers
lower than its high speed rail competitor The unique environment creates new get worn very quickly. This would suggest
with municipal and regional agencies we and possibly vehicles the 354 miles to be affordable and attractive. While safety challenges such as evacuation To avoid scraping the sides of the tube at a battery-based or contactless solution
will develop a short, medium and longer between Los Angeles and San we note that the estimated Hyperloop from the pods in an emergency. Although near-supersonic speeds, the air cushion such as maglev. Even at a lower average
term strategy and implementation plan Francisco in only 35 minutes. project costs are low relative to HSR, our the Hyperloop report suggests that pods would need to be inherently stable and yet operating speed of say, 300 mph, an
which meets the objectives of the regional
initial assessment suggests that these would normally complete their journey in react rapidly enough to maintain the same enclosed, low pressure atmosphere Maglev
transportation strategy, The Big Move.
By Julian Sindall estimates may be somewhat optimistic. emergencies, the system would almost narrow gap under any conditions, even if all system would still be highly competitive
certainly need to be designed to handle power failed or under emergency braking. in terms of travel time (Los Angeles to
The system is envisaged as a near-vacuum A modified environment situations where this is not possible. The differential expansion and contraction San Francisco in around 75 minutes) with
tube containing pressurized pods moving One of the main problems with increasing With a close fitting tube, the ‘gull wing’ of the tubes and supporting towers as a lower energy costs than existing maglev
at up to 760 mph and floating on air speed on existing rail systems is that door designs shown in the report’s result of the movement of sun and shade systems. It would also facilitate longer
bearing skis. The idea has generated much aerodynamic resistance is generally illustrations would make it difficult to on the structure over the day would further trains carrying 3-6 times more passengers
publicity, and challenged conventional considered to be proportional to the exit within the tube. One option could be complicate the job of maintaining these per hour than the Hyperloop pods.
wisdom on high-speed transport, but will square of the speed (see graph) while the to have internally sliding ‘plug doors’, tolerances throughout the operational day.
it work or is the founder of the SpaceX traction power required increases with or end doors, and frequent emergency Musk offers us an exciting vision of what
Pearson Airport
program simply shooting for the stars? the cube of the speed. Some suggest escape hatches to a continuous walkway Could it work? the transport of the future might look like,
that in practice this is not quite the along the outside of the tube. There are many other issues to overcome, as but today’s highway, railroad and aviation
Rail study in Denver, Colorado, U.S. Steer Davies Gleave has a long and case, but there is nevertheless a rapidly would be the case with any new technology. systems have evolved over many decades
SDG will be working with Denver’s Regional accomplished record of evaluating the increasing energy price to be paid by Air skis The Hyperloop idea highlights the residual and it is likely that advances towards his
Transportation District (RTD) on a study engineering feasibility and providing going faster through air and it is this Maglev systems, now operating at over problems associated with increasing speed proposals will be in steps rather than leaps.
to examine potential rail connections technical due diligence on new transport that tends to create a practical limit to 300 miles per hour, use complex electronic using conventional rail technology, but History suggests that to provide the assured
between downtown Denver and the new projects. While we typically help clients the normal operating speed of trains. stability systems to maintain a stable perhaps a hybrid solution borrowing from a level of reliability and safety that we have
East Rail Line scheduled to open in 2016. with projects employing conventional gap between track and train. Hyperloop range of ideas might provide a step forward come to expect from our transportation
The study will examine both light rail and technologies including high-speed So higher speeds are possible but rapidly would operate at just over 750 miles per but be more achievable in the near term. systems, such a revolutionary new
streetcar options and a variety of alignment rail (HSR), Hyperloop presents a become very costly. The Hyperloop proposal hour, more than twice as fast, with an air technology is likely to be many years way.
alternatives to help determine the best way to technological leap that introduces some is to create a special environment (the tube) cushion of only 0.02-0.05 inches between Reducing the aerodynamic resistance It is unlikely that we will be abandoning
serve downtown Denver and the Five Points new challenges for transport engineers. where the air pressure is artificially lowered the wall of the tube and special skis, which would be the quickest way to add value, our highways, railroads and airports
neighborhood, northeast of downtown. Using anytime soon, but Hyperloop may serve
a performance-based evaluation system we The fundamental differences suggested hyperloop route map friction resistance vs speed to inspire the next generation of transport
will examine development potential, multi- between Hyperloop and its nearest 1400
planners and engineers to turn their minds
© Steer Davies Gleave
modal connectivity, and traffic impacts of all cousin, high speed rail, are: to revolutionary new modes of travel.
potential alignments. The project is expected tt the number of passengers per
1200
to be completed by the summer of 2014. vehicle (pod vs. train) Musk may not reach the stars with this
Friction Resistance (kN)
1000
tt the creation of a modified ambitious idea, but if he reaches the
800
atmospheric environment and Moon that will be a feat in itself. We
tt the removal of the wheel-rail interface. 600
Aerodynamic resistance, C (kN) will continue to watch the development
Friction from moving parts of motor, B (kN)
of this project with interest.
400 Rolling resistance, A (kN)
Capacity and cost Total resistance, A+B+C in normal
Speed, or more specifically travel time, is 200 atmospheric pressure (kN) To find out more contact:
Total resistance with 1/10
a key factor in travel mode choices and 0 atmospheric pressure (kN) Julian Sindall
hence competitiveness. Hyperloop’s 35 e julian.sindall@sdgworld.net
0
75
150
225
300
375
450
525
600
675
750
minutes compares with existing travel times (map courtesy of Google Maps)
Mph
RTD Light Rail All images: SpaceX.com
6 7
joyfuldesigns / Shutterstock.com
Attending bicycle-skills training can encourage long-term bike use Sound Transit, Seattle
Helping Millennials get from A to B It’s all about the timing
Research shows study of travel trends in Great Britain found the UK’s national bike training program, has Fixed guideway transit Transit organizations would benefit alignment design can limit how successfully
that young people similar trends of less license holding, found that elementary students receiving operations planning from considering operations earlier in a system will operate. The symptoms of poor
are starting to learn later car adoption, and lower car use, bike skills training are more likely to ride and scheduling is as their project planning, and by doing so, design can manifest themselves differently;
to drive later than and a wide range of factors suggesting their bikes to high school. In universities, complex as it sounds. uncovering possible underlying issues for example, the system could fail to meet
ever, and driving that the trend might continue. studies of commonly-employed universal Nevertheless, a great with system design sooner. Adjusting a passenger demand. To redesign a schedule
less than ever. What transit pass programs show strong links deal can often be design in the early stages of a project will that truly complements the available
What does this mean for TDM practitioners? between U-Pass use and lifetime transit cost far less than making adjustments to infrastructure, it is essential to know the finer
does this mean accomplished with
This has a number of implications use. Students who regularly commute via design and scheduling after construction is details of certain designs, and by doing so, be
for practitioners of transportation even the smallest change.
for those of us working in TDM. transit are more likely to use transit and to complete and the system is in operation. able to predict their possible ramifications.
demand management (TDM)? make TDM-supportive choices later in life,
By Justine Clift First, the task is no longer one of getting adjusting where they live, work and shop By Laura Sidi Steer Davies Gleave believes in building It is also a matter of finding an equilibrium
young people out of their cars but rather of based on convenient access to transit. this type of operational analysis into between competing factors affected
The age at which the Millennial Generation, showing them that there are alternatives Operational timing conflicts can cause every study we do. Our work on the City by minor changes to schedules. Issues
those born between 1980 and 2000, learn to to needing to have one in the first place. To support millennials who are interested in numerous complications including ineffective of Edmonton’s Northwest LRT Concept ranging from capacity shortfalls and
drive is increasing. The Frontier Group and the This suggests that we should focus on more than just travel time and cost savings, network convergence points or inability to Plan involved analyzing the scheduling of platform crowding to fleet maintenance
U.S. PIRG Education Fund, recently released a reinforcing existing positive behaviors rather practitioners must also continue to encourage meet capacity demands. It requires an honest multiple services through a tunnel, as well as scheduling or modifications to operator
report, “A New Direction”, which shows that than discouraging existing negative ones. and highlight the less apparent benefits and sometimes painstaking look at all of overall travel time options and intersection agreements can all potentially be solved
these “millennials” are also driving less. In Innovative products, messages and services associated with alternative travel modes that the available scheduling options to prevent analysis. The study gave clear indications with careful adjustment of timetables.
fact, the share of those aged 14-34 without a which demonstrate the alternatives to taking are aligned with millennial values: an active such issues from occurring. Doing so can about how the line may function when it
driver’s license rose from 21% in 2000 to 26% up car ownership will be key in achieving this. lifestyle; easy access to goods and services; help prevent future costs such as building becomes operational. Future stages of work SDG has solved a range of operational
in 2010, and the number of average annual and community building opportunities. new infrastructure or purchasing new transit can continue to build on and refine this challenges for transit agencies, such as
vehicle miles traveled by those aged 16-34 Second, the focus will need to broaden vehicles. While it can be a meticulous process information as more details become available. Sound Transit in Seattle which contributed
fell by 23% between 2001 and 2009. Market from car commuting to the wider range of Sustainable modes are becoming the to configure and reconfigure timetables, it is to reducing the need for costly interventions.
research has also found that just 27% of new journeys millennials may make as they modes of choice for large numbers of usually worth the effort to extract the most out of Over time, transit services will inevitably Even with network bottlenecks or platform
cars in the United States are sold to those aged advance in their careers and start families. young people and students across North what is available. undergo some transformation to meet restrictions, simple changes, such as
21-34, compared to a peak of 38% in 1985. If even a small proportion of young adults America. We need to help those that would passenger demand and serve new redistributing station dwell times or
are seen to manage their lives effectively rather not drive by ensuring the provision Horse before the cart areas. Planning ahead is therefore reducing slack in the timetable can
“A New Direction” also found that in with little or no regular dependence on and visibility of real alternatives offering Operations and scheduling are often no more essential, as constantly evolving potentially allow for quick improvement.
2009, those aged 16-34 took 24% more a car, others are likely to follow and in a convenient, effective and feasible than afterthoughts considered, at best, late operations can help transit agencies
bike trips, and travelled 40% more miles the longer term children could adopt the transportation solution. We also need to in the concept design phase of a project, avoid sudden, costly upgrades. Breaking down the issues at hand to find
on transit, than in 2001. It would appear same arrangements as their parents. highlight the benefits of an attractive lifestyle at worst during the detailed design phase. the right balance can be challenging, but
that freedom, for many of today’s youth, and easy access to goods and services. But, paying attention to how fixed guideway Understanding the problem the payoff can be incredibly beneficial.
means a universal transit pass, or a This long-term approach to TDM should also services might be run in the future, including To find an effective solution to fixed
bike, rather than a driver’s license. provide more children with the opportunity To find out more contact: service frequency, potential maintenance guideway operations and scheduling To find out more contact:
to walk or bike safely to school, so that they Justine Clift facility location impacts, and the effects of issues, it is essential to have an extensive Laura Sidi
Similar findings are emerging from Europe. will continue these behaviors as they grow e justine.clift@sdgworld.net converging with services from other lines understanding of the root problem causing e laura.sidi@sdgworld.net
The comprehensive 2012 “On the move” up. In schools, our work with Bikeability, will help embed flexibility into a project. them. Occasionally, a poorly thought out
8 9
successful event management
Top 10 tips
Allan Gooch, our 6 share your plans
new Director of If other key stakeholders do not
Sports and Major understand your plan, then you do
Events, shares his not have a plan. Ensure that all those
recommendations affected understand the plan to lower
for the delivery of the risk of others doing something that
successful events. does not fit with the overall objective.
Concept design of a new pedestrian bridge linking São 1 agree roles and responsibilities 7 remain flexible
Cristóvão station to the Maracanã Stadium complex
as early as possible Things WILL change. Event times,
The longer different organizations locations, even the type of event
Maracanã, a World Cup legacy
linger over who is responsible (and will change through the planning
paying) for different elements of process, requiring changes to the
the overall transport strategy, the transportation plan.
more valuable time will be lost.
community, improving pedestrian safety
The Maracanã to be reconsidered to ensure a safe and movement strategy and recommendations for 8 transferability
comfortable environment for all users. Our improvements to the public realm, principally and enhancing the local environment integrate the transportation plan Take care when transferring data
Stadium was built 2
work also specified the number of turnstiles along the routes linking the stadium with tt A wayfinding report setting out wayfinding Event transportation operations gathered from one event for the
to open the 1950 principles and sign design including:
Soccer World Cup and security screening areas necessary for the key transport hubs in the surrounding can impact upon a wide range of planning of another. Some aspects
the upcoming stadium and major events. area. Our recommendations included: schematic sign family, sign location, other ‘functional areas’ (e.g. crowd will be similar, but others will be
and still holds the sign content and a major event overlay
tt Changes to the pedestrian access management, city operations and wildly affected by the different
record attendance tt Accessible routes for persons
Following the internal crowd movement study, strategy for the stadium venue management). All these geography, culture or transportation
for a World Cup Final EGP-Rio (the State of Rio de Janeiro’s Major of reduced mobility individual elements must work in infrastructure available in different
tt New pedestrian infrastructure and junction/
of almost 200,000 Projects Department) commissioned Steer Once the proposals had been developed harmony to achieve a good outcome. cities. The key is to understand what
crossing design modifications to reduce
spectators. The stadium, currently Davies Gleave to develop a pedestrian access to sufficient detail, we created a suite of can and cannot be transferred safely.
pedestrian/vehicular conflicts significantly
undergoing major renovations, will and movement strategy for the stadium and tt Changes to local traffic operations pedestrian microsimulation models to help 3 it won’t be perfect
host the Brazil 2014 FIFA World surrounding area. EGP-Rio is responsible for and highway modifications visualize and analyze the impact of spectator With the inevitable budget and political 9 have consistent operational plans
Cup Final, Rio 2016 Olympic and overseeing and coordinating the renewal tt Improvements to the public realm movement on the proposals. Another key constraints, there will come a time when Keep your operating plans and policies
Paralympic Games and other major masterplan of the area around the Maracanã, requirement of the study was to consider you must accept “you’ve got what you’ve as consistent as possible across all
events in legacy. principally focused on ensuring a lasting Creative outputs and recommendations the anticipated overlay and operational got” and you need to work with it. your venues. This makes staff training
legacy for the city, but also ensuring the from the study included: strategies proposed by the event organizing more efficient and provides greater
By Mike Nicholson safe and comfortable movement and tt Conceptual design of two pedestrian committees for the planned major events. 4 have a single source of truth resilience should you need to transfer
circulation of large numbers of spectators bridges connecting the stadium with the Put effort into creating a single set staff from one venue to another.
In December 2010 Steer Davies Gleave was during the upcoming major events. local metro, train and bus stations Our multi-disciplinary approach enabled of transportation demand forecasts
commissioned by Consórcio Maracanã 2014, tt Design of two public plazas to the west us to explore a variety of operational and that everyone then uses. Keep a log 10 stay close to security
led by Odebrecht Construction, who are We began with a detailed review of the and northeast of the stadium, creating design strategies for new infrastructure of all the assumptions and update Security plans often change late in the
responsible for the stadium construction existing conditions of the surrounding safe and attractive spaces for spectators and temporary overlays (e.g. positioning them as event details are firmed up. planning process to reflect changes
project, to analyze crowd movements within area, examining all areas such as and residents to enjoy, and at the same of concessions) and evacuation, etc. The in the threat level. Transportation and
the stadium and to advise on the architectural pedestrian footways, crossings, desire time creating much needed space for the final proposals are helping to ensure that 5 involve stakeholders early security plans must remain mutually
proposals to ensure that the stadium would lines, signage, street furniture, lighting, overlay demands of the major events the investment in the 2014 World Cup and This includes the local council, police compatible to avoid traffic congestion,
meet with national and international best vehicular traffic and parking. Our review tt A full streetscape design for the route the 2016 Olympic Games will bring an even and transportation operators. You particularly at venue entrances.
practice. The study helped inform the detailed also considered the impact of existing connecting the stadium with São Francisco bigger legacy to the city of Rio de Janeiro. can’t do it on your own. You’ll need
design of key areas such as the seating proposed projects for the area. Xavier. These proposals aim to improve their help in the heat of the event.
bowl, circulation areas and exit routes, and spectator distribution and at the same To find out more contact:
demonstrated that the overall ingress and Once we had identified the key pedestrian time, by addressing the car/pedestrian Mike Nicholson
egress strategy for the stadium needed routes, we developed a pedestrian balance, provide a real legacy for the local e mike.nicholson@sdgworld.net To find out more contact: Allan Gooch | e allan.gooch@sdgworld.net
10 11
ZipRail Commuters at 30th Street Station, Philadelphia
‘Zipping’ through the Midwest The Northeast Corridor –
Minnesota might
soon be able to
look forward to rail
between the Twin Cities and Rochester has
steadily increased. Most visitors currently
drive on US 52, the only major highway
a 435-mile corridor from the Twin Cities to
Chicago. Moreover, SDG will soon begin
work on forecasts for a new passenger rail
an opportunity for investment
travel that is much connecting Minneapolis with Rochester. service under consideration in the 155-mile The rail system of the collaboratively with the 12 states served that combines new build and upgrade,
quicker, thanks to a Rail service was discontinued over 50 years corridor between Minneapolis and Duluth. Northeast Corridor by the NEC and other stakeholders, it blended to maximize return on capital
ago, but if ZipRail goes forward, a brand new (NEC) is the busiest developed a Masterplan to bring the investment and to capture public support.
proposed 100-mile
greenfield rail line will be built, providing a All these projects support Minnesota’s railroad in North infrastructure to a state of good repair
rail project called fast, convenient, safe and reliable connection goal to develop “a passenger rail system and to provide some valuable incremental In the longer term, with increased capacity
‘ZipRail’. America, providing
between the two metropolitan areas. that offers business and leisure travelers service improvements. Amtrak also available, it would be possible to see new
475 miles of railway
shorter travel times, additional train recognized that attainment of the corridor’s market entrants providing services on the
By Lucile Kellis Olmsted County Regional Rail Authority frequencies, and connections between
line which connects full potential would require additional NEC, offering competition and customer
commissioned Steer Davies Gleave as urban centers and smaller communities”. the major U.S. east coast cities of capacity with much faster travel times. It choice. It would also become possible,
The project aims to link Minnesota’s Twin part of a multi-disciplinary planning team, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, accordingly proposed to develop a new with an established system of track
Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, the state’s led by Parsons Brinckerhoff, to define, To find out more contact: New York and Boston. high-speed rail system called NextGen. access fees, to introduce private sector
economic and administrative center, with its evaluate, and prioritize future passenger Lucile Kellis funding with commercial returns being
southeastern economic hub in Rochester. rail investment in the ZipRail corridor. SDG e lucile.kellis@sdgworld.net By Masroor Hasan Both upgrading and building new intercity earned on an availability payment basis.
is analyzing demand and revenue potential passenger infrastructure adds capacity
Rochester was originally just a stop on the for options that include possible services proposed location of ziprail project The NEC serves the nation’s that can be used for more commuter The wider challenge will be to seize
stagecoach route between St. Paul and to activity centers at the Minneapolis-Saint largest economic region with a and freight rail. So there are choices. the opportunity to have passenger rail
Dubuque, Iowa. However, the arrival of the Paul International Airport, the Minneapolis population of 50 million, expected The challenge is to get the balance of play a much more substantive role
railroad in the 1860s brought increased Interchange (a multimodal transportation to rise to 70 million by 2040. new build and upgrade right, and to across the whole of the NEC. This will
development, and in 1863 Dr. William W. hub), and Union Depot in St. Paul on the specify a feasible staging of the works. require the capacity and capability
Mayo settled there. He initially worked as a north end of the corridor, and Rochester Amtrak has 76% of the air/rail market that contemporary high-speed rail can
physician screening Civil War draftees, but International Airport and downtown between Washington and New York, but If Amtrak is to make real progress with provide, as well as an enhanced set of
came into prominence leading medical relief Rochester on the south end of the corridor. the corridor is still dominated by car NextGen, it needs to identify an initial commuter rail operations in each state.
efforts after a tornado destroyed much of travel with 88% share of all travel over segment of new alignment that would
Rochester in 1883. The Mayo Clinic developed Even though a Twin Cities-Rochester rail 75 miles. Can Amtrak do more to tackle showcase a genuine high-speed capability To find out more contact:
gradually from his family medical practice service can operate as a self-sufficient the congestion that affects all of the and allow full testing of 220 mph operation. Masroor Hasan
and is today among the largest and most segment, ZipRail is part of a larger effort to transportation systems in the NEC? Increasing speed on the existing railroad e masroor.hasan@sdgworld.net
well-respected medical facilities in the world. develop faster and more cost-effective rail does nothing for line capacity and widens
services in the Midwest. It complements Amtrak has developed two responses the speed mix between different train
As Rochester has grown into an international the plans of the Midwest Regional Rail to this challenge. In 2010, working types. What is needed is a program
health care destination, demand for travel Initiative, a multi-agency effort focusing on
12 13
The value of time
How much do Second, our work usefully sheds light on
travelers value the characteristics of the transportation Four interesting
their time and how market in general and provides
much would they complementary information which is findings of our research
be willing to pay for very valuable to our clients, such as the
socio-demographic profile of travelers.
a better and faster Which countries have higher VoT?
transportation link? Our research shows that road users
Our knowledge of VoT estimates has
in Canada and Brazil value their
grown considerably in recent years, both
time the highest. However, the key
By Lorenzo Casullo in places that are traditional recipients
determinant of VoT is not the country,
of transportation investment and in
Ferries in New York City but rather the local context: urban
For many years Steer Davies Gleave has been developing countries and cities where
users traveling to work on congested
at the forefront of research into travelers’ we have pioneered this type of research
routes will be willing to pay the most
The Citywide Ferry Study
behavior in an effort to answer these for new transport projects. We have
for transportation improvements.
crucial questions. Since the early 2000s, carried out an internal research project
we have interviewed hundreds of people in as part of our Research and Innovation
different countries, and we have analyzed Hub to consolidate this knowledge. Does VoT grow as income grows?
Over forty-five years The City of New York recently began the East This mandate extends beyond identifying their preferences with the objectives of first Not necessarily. Our results suggest
ago, passenger River Ferry (ERF) service, serving rapidly- locations with high potential commuter understanding users’ behavior and second that the direct relationship between
ferry service in growing Brooklyn and Queens waterfront and leisure ridership. We are also tasked estimating ‘values of time’ (VoT). countries where sdg has estimated value
VoT and GDP does not hold when
New York harbor neighborhoods such as Williamsburg and with calculating various “external” effects of time in recent years (2008-2013)
developing countries are included
had disappeared Long Island City and providing rapid service including the economic growth that could be VoT is a key input for both the transportation north and central america: Canada, Guatemala, in the sample. Income disparities,
with the notable to Lower and Midtown Manhattan. These engendered by a service; road network and models and the cost-benefit analyses Honduras, Mexico, Panama, USA
high inflation and dynamic job
exception of the neighborhoods have seen spectacular subway decongestion; environmental costs that we develop to advise our clients. markets also play an important role.
south america: Brazil, Chile, Colombia
Staten Island Ferry. growth, as the traditional manufacturing and benefits, and overall system redundancy. Estimating VoT is usually a long process
land use has been replaced by residential, which involves designing and rolling out
europe: Albania, France, Greece, Italy, Poland, Does VoT change over time?
By Pierre Vilain leisure and entertainment uses. These Waterfront redevelopment is a principal surveys, collecting and processing the Portugal, Spain, UK
same neighborhoods have also been feature of New York City’s current evolution. data received, and building analytical Having surveyed certain locations
The rapid development of road and rail capacity relatively disadvantaged in terms of It is clear that passenger ferry service will models to extract monetary results. cis and asia: India, Indonesia, Russia over time, we can see that VoT
across the East and Hudson rivers suggested subway access, given their historic land play a crucial role in facilitating the process, tends to grow in line with the
africa and the middle east: Ivory Coast, Jordan, macroeconomic changes outlined
that ferry services had a limited role to play. By use, making the provision of ferry services both for commuting and for making New This process is increasingly required South Africa
the 1980s, however, there was a revitalization even more beneficial. A case in point is York a city that takes full advantage of the by both private investors and public above. However economic shocks
of private ferry services in New York Harbor: Williamsburg, where an underutilized leisure benefits of its expansive waterfront. organizations, and it has several benefits. (such as the ones seen in Greece)
Independently-financed ferry routes sprung up industrial waterfront has been replaced The findings illustrated to the right are only and evolving attitudes to travel
as niche providers for markets experiencing with some of the City’s greatest residential To find out more contact: First, estimating VoT through fieldwork the tip of the iceberg of our experience in (including environmental concerns)
road congestion or with few attractive densities outside Manhattan. Pierre Vilain provides more accurate results than simply behavioral research which we use to develop also affect VoT over the years.
transportation alternatives. In several cases, the e pierre.vilain@sdgworld.net carrying out a review of existing data such as VoT estimates across the world and across
provision of ferry services went hand-in-hand In two years the ERF has achieved average case studies or reports to make assumptions modes. While new research is necessary How do trucks and cars compare?
with the development of residential density ridership levels of over 4,300, more than ferry service in new york harbor
about people’s values. Such literature to update and validate past estimates, Across our sample, the VoT of truck
along the waterfront, notably in the towns double early estimates. New York City is does not even exist in some countries, Steer Davies Gleave can build on this operators is consistently higher than
of Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken. looking to expand passenger ferry service and further assumptions would need to be knowledge base by providing benchmarks the VoT of car drivers, and by a fixed
to enhance waterfront development further made by looking at international data. to understand any new results. We are ready range of ratios. This indicates that
Excluding the Staten Island Ferry, current for residential and leisure uses as well as to to advise clients who invest in infrastructure truck operators are willing to pay more
New York Harbor ferries carry close to 33,000 increase accessibility to certain locations. projects in fast-growing markets, and for transportation improvements, as
passengers a day. For the most part, the governments assessing the feasibility a result of their punctuality targets
operating costs of these ferry routes are Given the dynamic changes on the waterfront, and the impacts of new transport links. as well as the ability to spread
completely covered by fare revenues, which comprehensive transportation planning is costs along the supply chain.
is unique in North America. The formula essential. Steer Davies Gleave was appointed To find out more contact:
for this outcome is typically to serve short to help define a clear expansion strategy for Lorenzo Casullo or Serbjeet Kohli
routes serving densely populated waterfront ferries in the Harbor. The ERF was explicitly e Lorenzo.Casullo@sdgworld.net
communities with accessibility to dense priced competitively to maximize ridership, e Serbjeet.Kohli@sdgworld.net
employment centers proximate to the and the resulting fare subsidy, low by
waterfront, such as Lower Manhattan. transit standards, imposes constraints.
14 15
VelociRFTA BRT
Transit-oriented development goes rural
Is there a place for
Transit-oriented
development
highway. The introduction of a 38-mile BRT
line between the two cities will connect
As RFTA launches its BRT service in September
2013, it is one step ahead in planning for a
Identifying the right people
for TDM programs
the handful of towns within the valley and well-integrated transit-land-use system. Yet
(TOD) in small is expected to provide a more convenient, questions remain. Will tourists visiting the
rural mountain reliable, and faster way to travel. Bells and Aspen-Snowmass area - one of the world’s
towns of the West? whistles for the $46 million BRT service most upscale ski resorts - be drawn to the
The Roaring Fork include new branded low floor vehicles, use convenience of BRT? Quite possibly. Will Residential mapping can then be used to supplement positive attitudes towards sustainability,
Transportation Authority (RFTA) in of HOV lanes, traffic signal priority, real-time the thousands of workforce commuters outreach to promote this data by layering in the transportation and positive attitudes towards local
Colorado believes so as it launches traveler information, and branded stations. traveling through the valley use BRT? Most sustainable modes network, land-use characteristics, behavioral shopping and fresh produce may indicate
the nation’s first rural Bus Rapid definitely. And will developers see BRT of travel is always a data and other elements that influence households that are more likely to try cycling.
Coordinating this major investment as a springboard for new development challenge, especially travel behavior to develop a well-rounded Understanding where, geographically,
Transit (BRT) system this fall.
with well-designed transit-supportive opportunities? RFTA believes and hopes so. picture of local neighborhoods. these segments with a high propensity for
when engaging with
land uses has the potential to mitigate sustainable modes are may influence which
citizens in previously
By Jean Sanson development pressures in the rural areas Ultimately, whether adjacent to an upscale We have recently used this segmentation neighborhoods are chosen for residential
of the valley and provide a more efficient ski village or an aging subdivision, each
untouched neighborhoods. approach on a variety of projects including: TDM programs. Beyond that, it may also
Steer Davies Gleave is working with provision of services. Growth management BRT station has the potential to provide tt High level transportation demand influence what modes to promote and
RFTA and its partner agencies to assess is not a new concept in the valley, nor is convenient access for all modes and, in By Geoff England management (TDM) program planning for how to communicate with those residents
the potential to focus higher-intensity mixed use. Surrounded by mountains, select cases, the added benefit of catalyzing the San Diego Association of Governments (maybe they are also significant users of
mixed-use development around their the constrained geography of the valley compact, walkable, and vibrant development. Typical questions that often emerge tt Residential marketing neighborhood social media or owners of smartphones).
new VelociRFTA BRT stations, the thought makes for a variety of development types The Roaring Fork Valley will not only host the at the planning stage include: Which prioritization for the City of Ottawa
being that promoting TOD creates a win- within close proximity to each other. Places first rural BRT system in the country, it will neighborhood should be targeted, What as part of an LRT TDM construction By analyzing cities or regions at the
win situation for both the transit agency like downtown Basalt and Carbondale also become a model for how to incorporate types of people should be targeted, mitigation program and household level, it becomes possible to
and the local towns. TOD could offer are vibrant areas with a mix of uses and the principles of TOD into a rural setting. What types of incentives should be used, tt Residential individualized marketing make more educated decisions about where,
built-in ridership for the BRT system and activity. Over the past several years, live- Steer Davies Gleave will be working with and, What kinds of communications and community-based social how and who to market your residential
orderly concentrated development for work developments have sprouted up in RFTA and its member jurisdictions over the messaging should be employed? marketing for UK cities and regions TDM programs to. Using detailed market
towns that desire managed growth. these rural towns, as have New Urbanist next few months to develop this unique including Cambridgeshire, the West segmentation also helps develop an
communities. TOD has the potential to approach to TOD planning, with the aim of To help answer these questions, Steer Davies Midlands, and the South Coast. informed judgment of where best to provide
Over the last few decades, the entire Roaring build on this precedent for mixing uses. producing templates and typologies that the Gleave frequently delves into the world of The advantage this type of analysis can incentives, resources and messaging, which
Fork Valley has experienced tremendous To do so successfully however, and to towns up and down the Roaring Fork Valley geo-demographic market segmentation using provide is a greater understanding of which can significantly increase the likelihood
development pressure created by a garner support by the local communities, can use to guide their future development publically available commercial data sets segments and therefore which types of of higher participation rates, mode shift
burgeoning tourism industry, an influx of TOD must be designed to complement, in an orderly and beneficial way. to shed some light. Segmentation is a way households are more likely to travel by and ongoing travel behavior change.
new businesses, and the lure of mountain rather than compete with, the existing to categorize individual households based sustainable modes such as transit, cycling,
living. Not surprisingly, State Highway 82 character of these unique places. And it To find out more contact: on a range of criteria including location, walking and ridesharing. For example, To find out more contact:
between Aspen and Glenwood Springs has should do so in a scale that is appropriate Jean Sanson demographics, consumer purchasing habits, segments with characteristics such as low Geoff England
become Colorado’s most congested rural to the rural character of the region. e jean.sanson@sdgworld.net and travel characteristics, among others. GIS vehicles per household, short commutes, e geoff.england@sdgworld.net
16 17
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