Undergraduate Prospectus 2022 - University of Otago New Zealand
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2022
Undergraduate Prospectus
Auckland
UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO
Puka Whakamahuki Tohu Paetahi
|
UNDERGRADUATE PROSPECTUS 2022
Wellington
Christchurch
Dunedin
Invercargill
0800 80 80 98
otago.ac.nz
university@otago.ac.nz
Dunedin | New Zealand
NAU MAI, TĀUTI MAI THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO This Prospectus is intended as a general guide for students and includes an overview
of the courses available at the University of Otago and how degrees are structured.
Welcome to Aotearoa
Further details on all courses can be found online and in the Guide to Enrolment, which
is ranked in is available from August 2021.
While all information in this Prospectus is, as far as possible, up to date and accurate at
New Zealand’s first the top 1% of
the time of publication, the University reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw
courses and facilities, to restrict student numbers and to make any other alterations as
may be necessary. The regulations of the University of Otago are published annually
university and the universities
in the University Calendar.
Published April 2021 by the Division of External Engagement, University of Otago.
first choice for more in the world.*
than 21,000 students.
OTAGO GRADUATES Otago is known for its
ARE GLOBALLY STATE-OF-THE-ART
lecture theatres,
EMPLOYABLE research labs
and libraries.
95%
go directly into
work or on to
further study.
5+
Highest possible Excellent support for local More than Over 150 student
international students who are flatting, 200 undergraduate and clubs and societies
quality rating boarding or living at home postgraduate programmes
(QS Stars)
COLLEGIATE COMMUNITY FLEXIBLE STUDY
Our 14 residential colleges OPTIONS
offer a campus community Many Otago degrees
like no other university in can be tailor-made to
New Zealand. suit you, with a mix of
subjects that may not
usually be put together.
We encourage
YOUR
INDEPENDENCE
and develop
independent people:
DEGREE,
85% YOUR
of our students
come from
outside
CHOICE.
Dunedin.
*QS World University Rankings
Unmatched record in Our Dunedin campus National presence: New Zealand’s top
the National Teaching is recognised as one campuses in Dunedin, university for
Excellence Awards: of the most beautiful Wellington, Christchurch educational performance
7 Supreme Award Winners in the world and Invercargill (TEC Performance Indicators)
1
Iti rearea teitei kahikatea ka taea. Ko te reo rāhiri, ko te It is said that although the bellbird is small it can reach
reo pōwhiri e karanga ana ki a koutou ngā rearea iti ka the highest branches of the tallest tree. The voice of
whai wāhi kei raro i te rūhā o te rākau mātauranga o welcome from the University of Otago calls out to you, to
Aotearoa, a ko te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou. take rest beneath its branches.
Tēnā, karapinepine mai, whakarauika mai. As the first university in New Zealand, the University of
Otago can be likened to the most senior branch of the
Ahakoa tō awhero, ahakoa tō wawata he wāhi hāneanea
tree of education.
mōu, he ara whakamua mōu hei tutuki tēnā tāu e
hiahia ai. Mēnā ka whai tohu koe ki te reo Māori, ki Whatever your dreams or aspirations, they can be
ngā āhuatanga Māori, ki te kete aronui, ki te ture, ki te realised here. Whether you want to pursue the Māori
pūtaiao, ki te hauora, ki te tauhokohoko rānei, ahakoa te language or other aspects of Māori culture, humanities,
kaupapa he wāhi mōu, he tohu māu. law, science, medicine or business, there is a place and a
qualification for you here.
Ko te ringa āwhina ka toro atu ki a koutou, ko ngā pou
taunaki ka whakaakoria, ka ārahina, ka tautokona koe ki At the University of Otago we have the people to teach,
te rere atu ki ngā karamatamata, ki ngā puhikaioreore o guide and support you to fly to the treetops and beyond.
te rākau mātauranga nei.
Welcome, welcome, welcome.
Nau mai, haere mai, tauti mai!
Contents
Section 1: About Otago 4
Life at Otago 6
Ōtepoti Dunedin 8
Section 2: Support for students 10
Section 3: Residential colleges 18
College life 20
Accommodation options 36
Section 4: Entrance and enrolling 38
Enrolment 44
Section 5: An Otago degree 48
Studying at Otago 50 Nau mai, haere mai, tauti mai – welcome!
The structure of your degree 52 We invite you to join us and experience why Otago deserves
Degree structure examples 54 its reputation as Aotearoa New Zealand’s first and finest
Section 6: Subject guide 58 university, with a long history of excellence in teaching and
research.
Future steps 144
Index 145 The University of Otago was founded in 1869 by early Scottish
settlers who recognised the importance of universities and
Contact us 146
placed a high value on education.
Important dates 148
We work in partnership with Ngāi Tahu, the tangata whenua
of this place, and we value the strong cultural contribution of
both elements of our history; the bagpipes and the haka can be
heard on our campuses and at our graduation ceremonies.
Students at Otago are taught by academic staff who are
dedicated to teaching and who are internationally recognised
for their research. As a university community, we are
committed to educating the next generation of professionals
across a wide range of disciplines, and we are also committed
to nurturing the next generation of citizens in New Zealand
and other parts of the globe.
At Otago you will gain a world-class qualification, and you will
also learn other important lessons along the way – lessons that
will allow you to thrive in all aspects of your adult life. Here,
you will make friends you will keep for a lifetime.
In order to make the best of your brief time with us, I
strongly encourage you to be the best student you can be,
and take advantage of the wide range of extracurricular and
cocurricular activities that we have on offer.
The University of Otago is located in one of the most beautiful
places in the world – please take time out to discover the
beaches, the hills and the native flora and fauna that are right
on our doorstep. Most importantly, I challenge you to dream.
I warmly welcome you to this exciting new chapter of your life.
PROFESSOR HELEN NICHOLSON
Acting Vice-Chancellor
3
SECTION
1
About Otago
Mō Ōtākou
The University of Otago ranks first
in New Zealand for helping students
succeed in their studies.
When you come here, you’ll enjoy
our world-class teaching, facilities
and support, and a unique student
lifestyle.
otago.ac.nz/future-students
Life at Otago
Te koiora i Ōtākou
OTAGO IS NEW ZEALAND'S ONLY TRUE RESIDENTIAL Our lecture theatres, research labs, libraries and recreation
facilities are all situated together near the city centre. And
UNIVERSITY. During semesters our students make up Dunedin’s best shopping, music, food and entertainment are
20 per cent of Ōtepoti Dunedin’s population, creating a just a short walk from the campus.
community and atmosphere that’s unique to Otago. Most of our 3,500 first-year students choose to live in one of
our 14 residential colleges, which offer support, guidance, and
good food and facilities. They are great places to make new
friends and share new experiences.
Other students prefer to go flatting or boarding, or to live at
home – whichever you choose, we’ll support you to get the
best out of your time at Otago.
6 6
OUR MAIN CAMPUS IN DUNEDIN has been
recognised as one of the most beautiful
university campuses in the world, with many
green spaces, the Leith river flowing through the
middle, and a mixture of historic and state-of-
the-art buildings.
Several new purpose-built facilities have recently
been completed.
Mellor laboratories New Zealand’s only dental school
The Mellor laboratories offer teaching labs, a dietetics lab, The most technologically-advanced facility in Australasia
a bioengineering lab and a metal-free clean lab. for teaching, patient care and research.
Award-winning Central Library Music, Theatre, Dance and Performing Arts Centre
Our Central Library (one of seven libraries at Otago) is This new centre offers a recording studio, performance
a warm and comfortable space to study, with access to a spaces and practice rooms, all equipped with the latest
huge array of resources. technology.
7
Ōtepoti Dunedin
NO OTHER CITY in the country offers the same opportunities to get out and explore.
Dunedin is surrounded by fantastic beaches, hills and harbour waters that offer
opportunities for a range of activities, from surfing and kayaking to mountain biking
and paddleboarding.
St Clair Esplanade Tunnel Beach Otago Harbour
10 minutes’ drive. 20 minutes’ drive. 5 minutes’ drive.
Great surf spot with cafés Spectacular rocky coastline with Enjoy stunning views, nature cruises,
and restaurants. cliffs, rock arches and caves. kayaking, rowing and windsurfing.
Dunedin Airport
30 minutes’ drive
Harbour cycleway
Otago Peninsula
Home to world-famous marine wildlife, including the southern
royal albatross, hoiho/yellow-eyed penguins and blue penguins.
8Dunedin Botanic Garden
Chinese Garden
George Street
Dunedin’s main street,
with shops, cafés and restaurants.
Forsyth Barr Stadium
5 minutes’ walk.
New Zealand’s only
The Octagon covered sports arena.
15 minutes’ walk.
City centre with cafés, bars,
restaurants, shopping and
entertainment.
Flagstaff
University of Otago
Museums
Art Galleries
Farmers Market
Port Chalmers, Aramoana,
Orokonui Ecosanctuary
9SECTION
2
Support for students
Ngā huarahi hei āwhina
i te tauira
We have a range of student support services, dedicated
to helping you get the very best out of your time at Otago.
1011
Student support
Taunaki ākonga
Academic Orientation Libraries
Course advice Run the week before the start of semester Our seven libraries offer an outstanding
1, Academic Orientation includes a wide range of information services and
It can be hard deciding which subject
variety of academic events to help you resources, access to Wi-Fi, and warm
to study, or what qualification will
settle into university life. comfortable facilities suitable for individual
help you achieve your goals. Otago’s
otago.ac.nz/academic-orientation study or group learning.
course advice experts can help
you map out your study plans with otago.ac.nz/library
confidence.
Career Development Centre
Your schools’ liaison officer will help
you plan your first year of study when The Career Development Centre runs Student Learning Development
they visit your school. Once you’re interactive career workshops, co-ordinates
The Higher Education Development
on campus, Student Development employer presentations and career fairs, and
Centre provides free academic
student advisers are available by has a wide range of useful online careers
development including workshops, peer
appointment in the AskOtago Central resources. Career advisers are available for
learning and support programmes, and
Hub in the Central Library. one-to-one discussions.
online study resources.
otago.ac.nz/careers
Course advice is available as many otago.ac.nz/sld
times as you need throughout your
time at Otago. Computer services
otago.ac.nz/course-advice
Otago provides a range of IT services to
students: 24-hour wireless study spaces with
printers and computers, student webmail
and online Office 365, and a student desktop
that’s accessible anywhere. IT questions can
be answered in-person or online, or come
along to a free training session.
blogs.otago.ac.nz/studentit
12Campus Watch Disability Information and Support Office
The Campus Watch teams are out and about Disability Information and Support provides
24/7, ensuring that our campus is a safe and learning support, advice, advocacy and
friendly place to live and study. information to students with disabilities,
otago.ac.nz/campus-watch impairments, medical conditions or injuries
that may impact on their study.
The support we provide is varied and may
Chaplains include: access to specialised equipment,
quiet study rooms, note-taking, tutoring,
The chaplaincy team offers pastoral care,
reformatting of course materials and
spiritual support and a confidential listening
alternative examination arrangements. Our
ear to all students.
student advisers are available to discuss
otago.ac.nz/chaplain each student's requirements and work
collaboratively to put together a support plan.
otago.ac.nz/disabilities
Childcare on campus
The Otago University Childcare Association
operates five childcare centres, including a Mature students
bilingual centre, for children from birth to five Starting university as an older student, or
years. Twenty hours’ ECE is available for all after being away from study for a while,
three-and four-year-olds and WINZ subsidies can be challenging. UniStart is an informal
also provide financial assistance. drop-in session run in the first few weeks of
otago.ac.nz/childcare semester that will give you an opportunity to
network with other students.
otago.ac.nz/sld
Code of Student Conduct
The Locals Collegiate Community has a
This set of common-sense rules prohibits senior student mentor tasked with connecting
behaviour likely to endanger safety. The with mature students.
University relies on Campus Watch to help
otago.ac.nz/locals
maintain a safe and healthy campus and
ensure that the Code is observed.
otago.ac.nz/code-of-conduct
Student Health Services
Embracing inclusivity and manaakitanga,
Student Health Services engages with all
students and the diverse university community
to support health and well-being, enabling
students to reach their full potential and
thrive during their Otago experience.
We are centrally located on campus
and provide daily urgent and routine
appointments.
otago.ac.nz/studenthealth
13Te Huka Mātauraka
TĒNĀ KOUTOU, NAU MAI, HAERE MAI, Liaison, study advice and mentoring Te Heika Pounamu
TAUTI MAI ki te Te Huka Mātauraka mō te Our staff can advise you about your We host six pre-graduation ceremonies for
tau 2022. academic studies, welfare, finances, Māori graduands and their whānau.
We operate from a kaupapa Māori base, counselling services and iwi networks.
We also organise a year-long mentoring Māori student groups
offering Māori students free academic,
cultural and social support from pre- programme for first-year students. Te Roopū Māori (the Māori Students’
enrolment through to graduation. Association) represents all Māori students
Tutorials and seminars alongside the Otago University Students’
Tūraka Hou / Māori orientation We provide a wide range of supplementary Association. There are also several
We run several events during Orientation, tutorials. Exam preparation and seminar specialist groups for students on particular
including a pōwhiri at the local Papatipu rooms are available for casual study. courses across all of the academic divisions.
Marae to welcome first-year Māori students
Counselling, advocacy and Ka karahipi / scholarships
to Otago and introduce them to our staff,
Te Roopū Māori, and divisional Kaiārahi
pastoral support The University of Otago, Te Tapuae o
and Kaiāwhina. We provide counselling and advocacy with Rehua, Māori Education Trust, Health
study issues, mental health and well-being, Funding Authority, Hauora Māori, Iwi
and welfare matters. Trust Boards/Rūnanga and other agencies
make scholarships and grants available to
Māori students.
otago.ac.nz/maoricentre
Hani Prentice
Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa, Te Arawa
Studying for a Bachelor of Arts (Global Studies and Politics)
“The tutorials run by the Māori Centre are incredibly helpful – I find the best
way to learn is if Māori are taught by Māori who understand our divergent
understanding of the world and way of thinking.”
14Pacific Islands Centre
TALOFA LAVA AND WARM PACIFIC The Centre is open Monday to Friday, • The annual Pacific Voices Symposium
8:30am–5pm, and provides: for Pacific postgraduate students.
GREETINGS. We are here to help you
flourish academically, mentally and • Supplementary tutorials and the • Friendly and experienced staff to
Taimane academic mentoring help with the transition to university
spiritually, and to find your place in the programme. and advice on matters such as
world. • Supervised study nights, tutorial rooms
accommodation, scholarships, legal and
immigration issues, travel, places to
Our role is to provide academic, pastoral and a warm place to study.
worship, university and course-related
and cultural support for all Pacific
• Student computers and Wi-Fi. information, study skills and support
students enrolled at Otago, and we work
services.
collaboratively with the academic divisions • Kitchen facilities.
and the Pacific community to make your • Events to help you transition well and
• Links to the Pacific community in
time at Otago as memorable and successful achieve excellence with your studies.
Dunedin and around the country.
as possible. So, whether you relate strongly
All our services are free and all matters are
with your Pacific culture or want to learn • Cultural advice to staff and community.
handled in the strictest confidence.
more about your Pacific heritage, the
• Support for Pacific students’ associations.
Pacific Islands Centre is the place to be. Come join your family away from home –
• A postgraduate reference group to we’re looking forward to meeting you.
support postgraduate students. otago.ac.nz/pacific
Aytron Tatui
Bachelor of Commerce
Trade Officer, Government of Niue
“The support from the Pacific Islands Centre throughout my time in Otago
was tremendous. Pacific Island students are lucky to have a special
space within campus to study and socialise. They provide a lot of useful
programmes and activities to help Pacific students succeed in their studies.”
15Get involved
Karawhiua
Volunteering Student exchange
Local students We know how important social purpose is Spend one or two semesters overseas at
to students. Our student-led Social Impact one of Otago’s 115+ partner universities.
The Locals Collegiate Community
Studio provides volunteering opportunities You can travel the world, experience new
supports first-year students who
and leadership programmes that allow cultures, gain skills to enhance your CV,
choose to live at home, flat or board.
students to channel their creativity, and still earn credits towards your Otago
Since a quarter of all first-year
vision and insight into projects that have degree. You will receive a travel grant from
students are Locals, there are heaps of
maximum social impact. the University of Otago and several other
opportunities to meet new people and
scholarships and awards are available.
make friends. Opportunities include mentoring young
people, helping in the community, otago.ac.nz/student-exchange
All students living locally are
contributing to well-being initiatives,
automatically a part of the Locals’
empowering young learners through
community. Our goal is to provide
literacy programmes, and taking part in Unipol Recreation Services
the best Otago experience we can
global citizenship projects. Entry into Unipol is free with a current
through social events, volunteering
opportunities, academic support and Through our programmes, you will gain student ID card. This purpose-built facility
pastoral care. valuable learning experiences as well as a includes spaces for table tennis, basketball,
chance to apply the skills and knowledge foosball, netball, volleyball, futsal, group
Our Locals HQ is on the top floor of fitness, and functional, weights and cardio
you already have. You can also enhance
the Union Building and includes a training. There’s no need to book – just
your employability by complementing your
kitchen and study spaces. drop in.
formal learning with experiences outside
otago.ac.nz/locals the classroom. You can also arrange sessions with a
otago.ac.nz/volunteer Unipol fitness leader, take part in our social
sport programme or rent a large variety of
outdoor equipment.
otago.ac.nz/recreation
16Otago University Students' Association Critic magazine
OUSA represents students’ interests within Critic is OUSA’s independent student
the University and provides a wide range of magazine, out every Monday during semester.
services, events and support. It’s got all the on-campus gossip, plus it’s a
ousa.org.nz good source of alternative news and general
mayhem. Volunteer and be part of an award-
winning publication.
OUSA Executive critic.co.nz
Your elected student executive run
campaigns on student issues and work
to safeguard OUSA and its services Radio 1
for future generations of students. OUSA owns Dunedin’s finest independent
campus radio station. Volunteer and get
yourself some valuable radio experience.
OUSA Clubs and Societies Stream online or set your dial to 91FM. And
There are over 150 sporting, cultural, political don’t forget to collect your Radio Onecard to
and religious clubs and societies and they are take advantage of amazing Dunedin student
all 100 per cent student-led. discounts.
Joining a club gives you the opportunity to r1.co.nz
try something new, make lifelong friends, and
reap the mental and physical benefits of being
active and engaged.
University Book Shop
ousa.org.nz/clubsandsocs
OUSA owns UBS, where you can get a 10 per
cent discount on all books. Find us on campus
and at 361 Great King Street.
OUSA Recreation Programme unibooks.co.nz
Activities include arts and crafts, dance,
health and exercise, sports, music and
singing, languages, food and beverages, and Events
everything in between. Keen to go to some of the best events in town?
ousa.org.nz Chances are we’re hosting them. Concerts,
market days, barbeques, theatre – we’ve got it
covered.
OUSA Student Support Centre
Every year kicks off with Orientation, a
OUSA’s Student Support Centre offers a welcome week to introduce you to student life.
friendly and confidential advisory service for This is your chance to find your way around
students seeking help with accommodation, campus, enjoy the full schedule of gigs, events
financial, well-being or safety issues. It’s also and other entertainment, and ensure that
the workplace of support dog @ellabellaousa. by the time classes start, you're ready to get
ousa.org.nz going.
17SECTION
3
Residential colleges
Wharepuni
Leaving home is a big step, but when you come to the
University of Otago, there are plenty of choices to make
that transition easier, safe and fun!
The Student Accommodation Centre co-ordinates
membership of our residential colleges and provides
advice on non-college accommodation options.
1819
College life
Te noho ki te wharepuni
OTAGO IS FAMOUS FOR ITS RESIDENTIAL What to expect:
COLLEGES, which cater mostly for first-year • Support from professional, experienced • Recreational facilities, ranging from
students. College life is an important part college staff who take a real interest in common rooms and games areas to gyms
the well-being of their resident members. and outdoor spaces.
of the experience for many students leaving They are supported by senior students • Warm, comfortable bedrooms. Each
home for the first time – the community who mentor and guide new students room is heated and equipped with a bed,
atmosphere, the support, and the opportunity through their first year of university. desk, chair, wardrobe and bookcase.
Each college provides regular tutorials
to discover lifelong friendships all help to make and study spaces.
Your college will supply clean sheets
every week.
that first year away from home not just easier,
• An exciting calendar of cultural and • All of our colleges are fully catered and
but also memorable. sporting events throughout the year, provide three nutritional meals a day.
including inter-college competitions and Specific diets may be catered for on
cultural activities. request.
Thomas
Nick Griffen
Aerepo-Morgan
Kāi Tahu,
Ngāi Tahu,Kāti MāmoeNgāti Whakaue (Te Arawa)
Waikato,
Studying for a Bachelor
Master ofofIndigenous
Dental Surgery
Studies
“I'm glad I went to a residential college. It was really beneficial for helping
my learning. There was a lot of support in place and you don't need to think
about cooking.”
20Applying for residential colleges
You can apply online from 1 August each During October, you will either be
year. When completing your application, offered a place in one of the colleges, or
take the time to complete each section fully you will be advised that your application
as any inaccuracies may cause delays in is on a waiting list. This list is reviewed
sending it to your first choice of college. continually between October and when
university starts in February.
You will receive an email confirmation
from the Student Accommodation Centre For more information contact the staff at
on receipt of your application. the Student Accommodation Centre or one
of our schools’ liaison officers.
To be considered in the first round of
offers for a place next year, the confidential NB: The college membership application
reference form should be received at the is not your registration for study, which
Student Accommodation Centre before 15 you must also complete to enrol at the
September and your application completed University of Otago (see pages 44–45 for
by 30 September. Membership applications enrolment information).
received after this date will still be
otago.ac.nz/accommodation
considered as places become available.
City centre
Carrington
Te Rangi Hiroa
Cumberland
University campus Toroa
Hayward
Selwyn
University College Caroline Freeman
St Margaret’s
Arana
Aquinas
Studholme
Logan Park Botanic Garden
Forsyth Barr Stadium Salmond
Unipol gym
Knox
200m 2115 minutes’ walk
from campus
Free hourly shuttle.
158
Alcohol-free and
single-gender floors
available.
Aquinas College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Akuinahi
With stunning views over the campus
and Dunedin, Aquinas has the perfect
environment to combine study,
community, relaxation and fun.
Basketball court, exercise Our residents appreciate the sense of
room, TV rooms, dining community at Aquinas and there are
room, common room. plenty of opportunities to participate in
social, cultural and sports events, as well
as volunteering opportunities.
Featuring a spacious, well-maintained
environment with bright bedrooms,
numerous common spaces and a
reputation for a relaxed atmosphere
with support from dedicated staff,
Tutorials, tutorial rooms. Aquinas is a community that focuses on
allowing you to combine study with a
balanced lifestyle.
$16,340 Aquinas College | 74 Gladstone Road, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 479 5560 | Email aquinas@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/aquinas
223 minutes’ walk
from campus
404
Students live in residential
blocks or renovated houses.
Most floors/houses have a
lounge/kitchenette.
Disabled facilities available.
Arana College
Te Whare o Arana Fully catered
Open the front door to Arana College
and step inside a community where
your success is measured not only in
academic achievement but also by your
engagement with your community.
Main common room
Our diverse learning environment with Sky TV and pool
allows you to thrive. From our humble table, dining room,
music rooms.
beginnings – established in 1943 to
house returning soldiers – we have
become a modern college that holds
true to its core values of courage, care
and compassion. Sure, sometimes
we dress up and have fancy dinners,
but we remain thoroughly relevant
to today’s world. Help “wield the
paddles together” and be part of a new Study rooms, 24-hour
computer suite, tutorials.
generation of leaders, thinkers and
citizens who will help shape our future.
Arana College | 110 Clyde Street, Dunedin
$16,340
Tel 03 479 5508 or 479 5509 | Email info@arana.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/arana 2021 fees
23
236 minutes’ walk
from campus
300
CFC West: Student apartments with
4–6 bedrooms, lounge and bathrooms.
Mixed, single-gender, alcohol-free or
LGBTQIA-friendly apartments available.
CFC East: Standard rooms, single ensuite
rooms and shared ensuite rooms.
Disabled facilities available.
Caroline Freeman College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Caroline Freeman
Caroline Freeman College mixes
modern living with a timeless collegiate
atmosphere. We are renowned for our
extensive range of social, sporting and
cultural events and activities, excellent
Dining room, common academic support, and a friendly,
spaces, fitness centre,
courtyards, outdoor sports inclusive and supportive culture.
areas.
Our student population comes from
throughout the country and around
the world. With 300 residents we are
an ideal size to be closely knit but big
enough to have a wide variety of people
and interests. CFC – the place to be!
Tutorials, library, study
rooms.
Caroline Freeman College | 911 Cumberland Street, Dunedin
$16,340 Tel 03 479 5590
2021 fees Email carolinefreeman.college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/carolinefreeman
246 minutes’ walk
from campus
241
Students live in renovated
villas and purpose-built
dorm-style buildings.
Carrington College
Te Kāreti o Carrington Fully catered
Lush greenery and colourful gardens
provide the perfect backdrop for your
first-year experience at Carrington – all
within a short walk from campus.
But while you’ll be sure to love our Gym, tennis court, pool
stunning grounds, people are the room, dining room,
heart and soul of what we do. We go art room, music room,
common rooms with
out of our way to make everyone feel Sky TV.
welcome and included – we are all
about whanaukataka (relationships),
manaakitanga (caring for and nurturing
others) and living with atawhai
(kindness and generosity).
We are a friendly, enthusiastic and
engaged collective of scholars who Tutorials, study centre,
make the most of everything the college study rooms.
experience has to offer.
Carrington College | 57 Heriot Row, Dunedin
$16,340
Tel 03 479 5533 | Email carrington-college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/carrington 2021 fees
25
254 minutes’ walk
from campus
327
Each corridor has a
kitchenette.
Cumberland College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Cumberland
Open your mind to new ideas and
join a vibrant, academically focused
college community where you will
learn, discover and grow as a student
and individual. Our motto – “Fortune
Dining room, common favours the bold” – embodies the
room, TV rooms with Sky
TV, astroturf multi-sports culture and spirit of Cumberland, where
court. we hope you’ll challenge yourself to
think differently, get involved and “have
a go”.
Cumberland is your home away
from home – with a unique, friendly
character that you'll feel the moment
you walk through the door.
Tutorials, study room,
computer suite.
$16,340 Cumberland College | 250 Castle Street, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 479 5574 | Email cumberland@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/cumberland
263 minutes’ walk
from campus
174
Each floor has a
kitchenette.
Disabled facilities
available.
Hayward College
Te Kāreti o Hayward Fully catered
No matter where you come from,
what you study or what you’re into,
when you step into Hayward College
you become a lifetime member of our
family. Hayward is a nurturing place
that embraces difference and celebrates
Dining room, common
areas, Sky TV lounge,
individuality so that new students can exercise room,
grow and thrive. music room.
We support and encourage academic
achievement and our priority is
ensuring a balance of serious study and
good times. Through our community,
social and sporting events, you’ll feel
part of something special and form
lasting friendships. We’re proud of our
motto – “community and integrity” – Tutorials, study spaces,
computer room.
and offer an annual prize for the top
two students who best demonstrate these
Hayward attributes.
Hayward College | 110 Frederick Street, Dunedin
$16,340
Tel 03 479 5520 | Email hayward.college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/hayward 2021 fees
27
2715 minutes’ walk
from campus
262
Students live in cottages,
houses and the main
accommodation block.
Disabled facilities
available.
Knox College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Knox
Whether it’s dining in the Great Hall,
performing in the Concert on the
Stairwell, enjoying the Garden Party,
attending the Larnach Castle Ball, or
Junior Common Room
(with billiards table), the competing for the Cameron Shield and
Great Hall, the Buttery, Nevill Cup, everything we do has a
small common rooms, sense of occasion and is an expression of
Ross Chapel, Cameron our strong communal life.
Hall, gym, music room.
The Knox experience is rich and
diverse, owing much to the role that
returners play in welcoming new
members, passing on traditions and
organising all the events that comprise
the Knox calendar. Strong pastoral and
academic support ensures residents are
Tutorials, Hewitson given every opportunity to succeed and
Library.
flourish.
$16,872 Knox College | 3 Arden Street, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 473 0788 | Email admin@knoxcollege.ac.nz knoxcollege.ac.nz
280 minutes’ walk
from campus
224
Each floor has a kitchen.
Disabled facilities
available.
St Margaret’s College
Te Kāreti o Makere Tapu Fully catered
With roses growing at the entranceway
and large trees surrounding the
exquisite red brickwork, you’d be
forgiven for mistaking St Margaret’s
for a grand stately home, rather than a
Dining hall, common
rooms, games room, TV
residential college. room, outdoor courtyard.
But alongside the beauty of the
place – located right on campus –
are our excellent facilities, which
offer everything you need to thrive
academically and socially. Our regular
formal dinners include guests from the
wider community who offer an insight
into what it takes to succeed throughout
your career, while our three core values
– consideration for others, common Tutorials, mentoring,
tutorial rooms, study
sense and courtesy – provide a solid centre, library.
foundation for a thriving community.
St Margaret’s College | 333 Leith Street, Dunedin
Tel 0800 COLLEGE (265 534) $17,822
Email contact@stmargarets.college stmargarets.college 2021 fees
29
2912 minutes’ walk
from campus
Free shuttles 7:30am to campus.
6pm, 10pm from campus.
260
Each floor has a kitchenette.
Alcohol-free and single-
gender floors available.
Disabled facilities available.
Salmond College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Salmond
Ask any member of Salmond College
what makes their college special and
they’ll tell you it’s because it’s “home”.
Common rooms, Sky TV room, Friendly, welcoming and diverse,
exercise room, dining room, residents become part of our whānau
gaming room, tennis court, the moment they step inside. Salmond
basketball hoop, the Waddell
Chapel, Nithvale lounge for senior is a community where personal qualities
students, outdoor grassed area. are celebrated, academic and social
needs are met, and residents are
encouraged to be themselves.
Custom-built as a residential college in
the 1970s and set in extensive grounds
beside the Botanic Garden, Salmond
offers fabulous facilities and outdoor
Tutorials, study spaces, areas.
library.
$16,416 Salmond College | 19 Knox Street, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 473 0750 | Email admin@salmondcollege.ac.nz salmondcollege.ac.nz
300 minutes’ walk
from campus
201
Disabled facilities
available.
Selwyn College
Te Maru Pūmanawa Fully catered
There’s something special about being
the oldest. And in a city known for its
many firsts – the first university, medical
and dental school – we take pride in
Common rooms, dining
being the country’s first university room, tennis court,
college. We honour our rich heritage music room, All Saints’
and traditions at Selwyn – we embrace Church.
returning members, remain connected
with our alumni, our Selwyn Ballet
is the oldest amateur all-male ballet
troupe in the world, and we continue
to take on Knox College every year in
sporting and cultural competitions.
But make no mistake – we offer
everything you need as a 21st century
student. Our heritage buildings and Tutorials, Northcroft
Library, Study Centre.
grounds, located on campus, house
exceptional learning and social
facilities.
Selwyn College | 560 Castle Street, Dunedin
$18,021
Tel 03 477 3326 | Email admin.selwyn@otago.ac.nz selwyn.ac.nz 2021 fees
31
313 minutes’ walk
from campus
184
Students live in the
main accommodation
complex and 6 houses.
Studholme College
Fully catered
Te Kāreti o Studholme
For more than 100 years we’ve created
a home for our resident members – a
place where you’ll feel supported as you
transition into adulthood and tertiary
learning.
Common room with
pool table, table tennis The original homestead is attached
table and big screen to our main building with several
TV; dining room; music
room; exercise room. beautifully maintained bungalows,
cottages and houses on-site.
We understand what it takes for you
to succeed. Our motto – “Scientia Et
Amor Illuminant Domum” (“knowledge
and love enlightens the home”) – is at
the heart of our philosophy. With the
Tutorials, study room, right people around you – friendly staff
seminar room, computer and fellow members – you’ll be able to
room. “give it your best shot” and achieve your
goals.
$16,340 Studholme College | 127 Clyde Street, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 479 5504 | Email studholme.college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/studholme
325 minutes’ walk
from campus
125
Each room has an ensuite
bathroom.
Female-only and alcohol-free
wings available.
Disabled facilities available.
Te Rangi Hiroa
Te Kāreti o Te Rangi Hiroa Fully catered
Named after the University of Otago’s
first Māori graduate, Te Rangi Hiroa
(Sir Peter Buck), we aim to hold true to
the values, respect and mana that come
with this extraordinary individual.
Each floor is named after one of the
Recreation area with pool and
snooker tables, table tennis,
rivers in Urenui, Taranaki, where Te foosball, air hockey and exercise
Rangi Hiroa originated from – so his equipment; common room with
life force flows through our building Sky TV; outdoor deck; theatre
inspiring you to reach your full potential with big screen TV.
– academically, physically, spiritually
and emotionally.
Achieve your goals in our friendly,
supportive environment where we’ll
help you to achieve balance between
work and play. Tutorials, study centre.
Te Rangi Hiroa College | 192 Castle Street, Dunedin
$17,860
Tel 03 479 4330 | Email terangihiroa.college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/terangihiroa 2021 fees
33
333 minutes’ walk
from campus
152
Suite-style accommodation
with shared living, bathroom
and kitchen facilities.
Toroa College
Fully catered
Te Whare o Toroa
You’ve made it home – the place where
you can kick off your shoes, rest and
revive before you take flight, like the
mighty toroa.
Common room with big We are best described as a place of
screen TV, pianos and belonging – a close-knit community
pool table; dining room; where we hope you’ll feel like part of the
roof terrace with giant
chess and Connect Four. whānau straight away.
Grow and thrive in your new nesting
ground – this is where you can achieve
all your goals. With staff on hand to
encourage and support you, the Toroa
whānau is never too far away.
Tutorials, tutorial room,
computer suite.
$16,340 Toroa College | 8 Regent Road, Dunedin
2021 fees Tel 03 479 5500 | Email toroa.college@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/toroa
340 minutes’ walk
from campus
501
Four accommodation blocks.
Most floors have their own
common room.
Alcohol-free and single-
gender floors usually available.
University College
Te Kāreti o te Whare Wānaka Fully catered
Multicultural and multiethnic,
University College is your big, bold
and vibrant home, where we will help
you achieve your academic goals while
experiencing all that university life
offers. We are the complete package –
Main common room with
large screen projector, pool
combining a perfect location (situated tables, foosball table, table
right on campus), great facilities, a tennis table, gaming area;
supportive academic environment and a large dining room; smaller
high-energy vibe. common rooms.
Work hard, play hard and be yourself.
At UniCol you’ll thrive, enjoying a
wide range of activities – from themed
dinners to 48 -hour-film clubs, sports
competitions to cultural challenges or
hanging with friends in our fantastic Tutorials, seminar rooms,
University College Library.
common spaces. Join the pride!
University College | 315 Leith Street, Dunedin
$16,340
Tel 03 479 5580 | Email unicol@otago.ac.nz otago.ac.nz/unicol 2021 fees
35
35Accommodation options
Whiringa wāhi noho
THERE ARE MANY ACCOMMODATION Flatting properties are available for students who
use guide dogs.
OPTIONS within walking distance of After the first year of study, many students
campus, including flats, private boarding move into flats. Dunedin has a wide range The Student Accommodation Centre can
of rental accommodation – from studio help with further details but it is important
and homestay options. The Dunedin rooms and character houses to multi-unit to register an interest during August and
community welcomes students and many purpose-built complexes. The Student September if you require accommodation
families enjoy sharing their homes with Accommodation Centre website provides for the following year.
up-to-date flat listings that cover one-
students from other parts of bedroom to eight-bedroom flats. They offer
New Zealand and around the world. a service where flatmates can advertise Homestay
to fill vacancies in their flat and can also
provide sample budgets for flatting, a Homestay is an option that allows students
list of students looking for flatmates, flat to concentrate on their studies while also
agreements between flatmates, and helpful offering them the opportunity to join in a
hints for flatting life. family lifestyle. Students are provided with
breakfast and dinner Monday to Friday
and three meals a day at the weekend.
Accommodation for people The student’s bedroom is private and is
with disabilities furnished with a study desk, heater and
bedroom furniture. Students are given a
The University of Otago is committed to key to the host’s home so they can be as
assisting students with disabilities. Our independent as they wish.
residential colleges offer a range of facilities
for students with disabilities, with some You can arrange homestay accommodation
colleges particularly suitable for people by contacting University of Otago
who use wheelchairs or have limited Foundation Studies.
mobility. When making an application for uolcfy.accommodation@otago.ac.nz
accommodation, please advise us of your
individual needs.
Several University-owned flats have been
modified to meet the needs of students
with physical disabilities and some secure
36International students
International students already studying in
New Zealand schools can apply for colleges
using the same application process as New
Zealand students.
International students who want to study
in New Zealand, and have applied for an
academic offer to study at the University
of Otago, will receive information about
accommodation options.
International students may apply online for
University-managed accommodation.
The University of Otago welcomes
all international students to Dunedin.
International students accepted for a
college can look forward to being active
in the social, cultural and recreational
programmes provided.
Postgraduate
Postgraduate students are welcome at
Arana College, Knox College and Salmond
College.
Many senior students, especially those with
partners or families, prefer to rent houses
or flats near shops or schools. Although
there is some accommodation suitable for
couples or families close to the campus,
affordable accommodation is available in
the suburbs, often only a short drive or bus
trip from the main campus. The Student
Accommodation Centre website provides
lists of suitable houses and flats.
Temporary accommodation
We recommend that you book
temporary accommodation before you
arrive in Dunedin. A list of temporary
accommodation providers can be found on
our website.
otago.ac.nz/accommodation
37SECTION
4
Entrance and
enrolling
Te tomo mai me te
whakaurunga
A university entrance qualification is essential
for admission to the University of Otago.
Find out about our admission requirements
and application process in this section, or contact
one of our liaison team.
3839
Admission to Otago
Te whakaurunga ki Ōtākou
TO ENROL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO, you’ll need to be at least 16 years old by the start of classes, meet
English Language requirements and hold one of the following university entrance (UE) qualifications.
Admission with New Zealand secondary UE via NCEA Level 3
school entrance qualifications Cambridge Assessment International Education
International Baccalaureate (IB)
Other New Zealand secondary school qualifications
Bursary or Scholarship Examination or Unit Standards
Admission with overseas secondary Australian secondary school ranking
school qualifications General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level
International Baccalaureate (IB) taken overseas
Other overseas qualifications
Admission with tertiary qualifications Admission ad eundem statum with tertiary-level passes
or study Admission ad eundem statum at graduate level
Admission from Foundation Studies
Alternative methods of admission Discretionary Entrance
(not available for international students) Special Admission
Obtaining one of the university entrance qualifications above allows you to be considered for
a place at university. As part of this consideration, to be selected you may also need to meet
particular academic thresholds and other requirements that are in place for particular universities
and/or qualifications. It is important to be aware that these requirements are not necessarily the
same for all qualifications and may differ between universities.
40UNDER OTAGO’S ENTRY PATHWAY SYSTEM there are two pathways for admission to general bachelors’ degrees for new domestic
undergraduate students (and some students who have enrolled at Otago previously).
The Otago system It is expected that the majority of students The programmes subject to the Entry
(apart from those applying for specialised Pathways system are:
An overview of the Otago selection system bachelors’ degree programmes, see page
is provided below. Contact one of our liaison • Bachelor of Applied Science (BAppSc)
42) admitted to Otago in 2022 will achieve • Bachelor of Arts (BA)
team for more details, or visit our website. entry via the Preferential Entry pathway.
• Bachelor of Arts and Commerce (BACom)
otago.ac.nz/entrance
As long as enrolment patterns remain • Bachelor of Arts and Science (BASc)
similar to previous years, a reasonable • Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences
number of places will also be available via (BBiomedSc) (first year only)
Admission via Entry Pathways the Competitive Entry pathway. • Bachelor of Commerce (BCom)
A university entrance qualification is • Bachelor of Commerce and Science
Entry pathways do not apply to
essential for admission to the University. (BComSc)
international students.
However, not all students with a university • Bachelor of Health Sciences (BHealSc)
entrance qualification will necessarily The Entry Pathway system also includes an
• Bachelor of Laws (LLB) (first year only)
be admitted. enhanced admission system for Māori and
Pacific applicants. Particular consideration • Bachelor of Music (MusB)
There are caps on the number of domestic • Bachelor of Performing Arts (BPA)
may also be given to applications from
students who can enrol in general • Bachelor of Science (BSc)
prospective students with disabilities if they
bachelors’ degrees, with selection primarily
supply the relevant information on the form • Bachelor of Theology (BTheol)
based on academic merit.
provided for that purpose, available on • Health Sciences First Year
There are two pathways for admission to request from AskOtago. • Social Work Pre-professional (BA)
these programmes:
The following information reflects the • Surveying First Year
• Preferential Entry admission requirements for the 2021 • Certificate of Proficiency (COP) for
enrolment year. The standards for 2022 are undergraduate papers
• Competitive Entry.
not expected to be significantly different • Diploma in Language (DipLang)
from the 2021 standards. • Diploma in Global Cultures (DipGlobalC)
• Diploma in Theology (DipTheol)
• other intermediate courses.
41Preferential Entry • are a Māori applicant, or a Pacific order of priority, subject to the availability
applicant of Polynesian, Melanesian, of places in their nominated programmes.
Preferential Entry guarantees a place at or Micronesian descent, who has not
Otago for high-calibre students (other previously studied at a tertiary institution It is expected that the majority of students
than those applying for Special Admission but who holds or is studying towards who are initially placed on the Competitive
or Discretionary Entrance), subject to a New Zealand university entrance Entry pathway will subsequently meet
gaining a university entrance qualification qualification (you may be required to the criteria for Preferential Entry. Such
and fulfilling minimum age and language provide verified evidence of your iwi students will then be transferred to the
requirements. affiliations and/or of family ancestry Preferential Entry pathway.
You will qualify for Preferential Entry originating from at least one relevant Applications for admission via Special
if you fulfil at least one of the following Pacific nation). Admission or Discretionary Entrance will
criteria: Note: Other than in exceptional circumstances, be considered under the Competitive Entry
students who have previously studied at tertiary pathway.
• have, in Year 12 or earlier, achieved
NCEA Level 2 awarded with merit or level will be considered on the basis of their tertiary In every student’s case, admission will be
excellence GPA rather than their secondary school results. subject to meeting university entrance and
In addition, you need to have applied to the minimum age and language requirements.
• have achieved an entry score of at least
140 points for NCEA Level 3 or have University by: The Entry Pathway system does not apply
achieved NCEA Level 3 awarded with • 10 December 2021 (for study to postgraduate students, international
merit or excellence (see example on commencing in the Summer School or students or students who have accepted
page 43) semester 1), or places in programmes that have their own
selective entry regulations.
• have achieved the International • 15 June 2022 (for study commencing in
Baccalaureate Diploma with at least the semester 2).
26 points
Preferential entry automatically converts Specialised entry qualifications
• have achieved an entry score of at least to a guaranteed place at Otago when you
140 points for the Cambridge Assessment Students applying for the specialised
also meet university entrance requirements
International Education (see example on qualifications of Bachelor of Oral Health,
(including minimum age and language
page 43) Bachelor of Dental Technology, Bachelor
requirements).
of Radiation Therapy, Diploma for
• have an ATAR of 80 or above or an OP Many who do not have Preferential Entry Graduates, and any of our Teaching
rank of 10 or below when they first apply may qualify later degrees, will be considered for admission
• have accepted a place in a residential when their examination results become according to specific criteria for each
college owned by or affiliated to the available or they accept a place in a programme and, if selected, must also meet
University of Otago residential college. university entrance requirements (including
minimum age and language requirements)
• have accepted a University of Otago Some students may hold a university
as outlined on page 40.
entrance scholarship entrance qualification and meet one of the
Preferential Entry criteria at the time of
• are a recommencing Otago student, or a application. For such students a place at
student transferring from another New Otago is immediately guaranteed.
Zealand university, or a student who
has previously studied at an overseas
university, with a Grade Point Average
(GPA) of 4 (B-) or more for your most
Competitive Entry
recent university study (only your New and recommencing students who
results from your most recent equivalent do not gain Preferential Entry and are
two years of full-time enrolment will applying to a programme subject to the
be considered). Where tertiary study Entry Pathway system will be placed on the
has been undertaken other than at a Competitive Entry pathway. Competitive
university, it will be considered on a Entry students will be assessed and ranked
case-by-case basis depending on the according to academic performance and
programme and level of study other relevant criteria, and offered places in
42An example of an entry An entry score will be calculated by awarding points as follows:
score for an NCEA Level 3 Excellence 4 points; Merit 3 points; Achieved 2 points
student Approved Subject
(best 24 credits per subject)
Excellence
Credits
Merit
Credits
Achieved
Credits
English 3 4 9
Accounting 3 - 12
French - 3 18
Economics - - 16
Statistics 2 3 10
Subtotals 8 10 65
Best 80 credits 8 10 62
Calculate points 32 pts (8x4) 30 pts (10x3) 124 pts (62x2)
Entry score 186
Note: Excellence and Merit credits are counted first, then Achieved credits as required to a maximum of
80 credits in up to five approved subjects.
In this example, only 62 of the achieved credits may be counted.
Preferential Entry An entry score will be calculated by awarding points as follows:
requirement from Level A* A B C D E
Cambridge International A 140 points 120 points 100 points 80 points 60 points 40 points
The entry score requirement for AS n/a 60 points 50 points 40 points 30 points 20 points
Preferential Entry for the applicable
undergraduate programmes from
Cambridge International is 140 points. An example of an entry score for a CIE student:
Scores that do not meet this requirement Subject Level Subject units Grade Tariff points Entry score
will be considered for Competitive Entry.
English language A 2 D 60 60
How to calculate a Cambridge Physics AS 1 C 40 40
International entry score
Biology AS 1 C 40 40
Your entry score will be calculated
on the basis of your NZ Cambridge Chemistry AS 1 E 20 20
International Tariff score. Mathematics AS 1 E 20 20
You can count no more than six subject French AS 1 E 20 nil
units over the last two years of study,
in subjects at AS, A2 or A level from Entry score: 180
subjects equivalent to the NCEA In this example, French is not included as only 6 subject units may be used to calculate the entry score.
University Entrance approved subjects.
An A level counts as two subject units
and an AS level counts as one subject
unit. Students can include only their six
best subject units when calculating their
entry score.
43Enrolment
Whakaurunga
TO ENROL AT OTAGO you will complete the following process:
Preparation Application Course enrolment Payment of fees
Are you eligible for admission Create your eVision account Provide annual details All the information you
to the University? need to organise payment
What, where and when do is in the Finance section of
Complete your application and Select your papers
you intend to study? your eVision account
submit supporting documentation
What are the entry requirements University admission Course approval
of the programme?
What are the application Programme admission Declaration
due dates?
otago.ac.nz/enrolment
eVision Otago. You will be able to apply for credit University of Otago Language Centre
via your eVision portal once you have been
The University uses an online system offered a place at Otago. The University of Otago Language Centre
called eVision to handle application and offers comprehensive English language
enrolment. You’ll use eVision as you apply tuition for international students and a
to the University and enrol for your course. wide selection of courses. It is also the
Australian students only registered examination centre south
Australian students living and studying of Christchurch for the International
Late enrolment in New Zealand are classified as domestic English Language Testing System (IELTS),
students rather than international students. Internet-Based Test of English as a Foreign
While late enrolments may be accepted, They therefore pay the same fees as New Language (TOEFL iBT) and Test of
we recommend enrolling in your chosen Zealanders but are not necessarily entitled English for International Communication
programme(s) as soon as you can. Late to Government student loans, allowances (TOEIC) examinations.
fees may apply where late enrolment is or healthcare.
accepted. Courses include General English,
Australian applications are assessed for preparation for IELTS and TOEIC
admission on the basis of their Australian examinations, English for Academic
qualifications and, where relevant, are Purposes, English for Study Groups, English
Transferring from other universities for Teachers, non-IELTS progression to
subject to the Entry Pathway system.
If you are or have been enrolled at another University of Otago Pathways, and the
university and wish to transfer to Otago, For information on entrance requirements: premium programme, English for Otago,
you enrol in the same way as first-year Freephone 1 800 468 246 (Australia) which meets English language requirements
students but you must also provide a copy of for undergraduate and postgraduate study at
your official academic transcript (academic the University of Otago.
record), including any results for 2021, when The Language Centre welcomes students from
you apply. You may apply to have work over 20 countries and features small classes
successfully completed at another university of no more than 18 students. Individual
credited to your degree programme at attention is given to improve specific skills,
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