UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ENERGY WEBINAR - "New Technologies, Ethics and Policy Engagement for Sustainable Development" Simay Akar CCO & Co-Founder ...
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Simay Akar
CCO & Co-Founder
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ENERGY WEBINAR
"New Technologies, Ethics and Policy Engagement for Sustainable Development"
• Enable a minimum level of electricity
• Safer and more sustainable
• Productive economic activity
• Access to public services
Electrification Options
On-grid Mini-grid Stand-alone systems
• Change in global electricity generation by source • New transmission and distribution lines worldwide • Global electricity network expansion • Energy transition to create jobs and reduce emissions
Technology
Environmental
Social&Political
Economic
• Advancing The • Enabling for
Supply Chain Greener
Future
• Leveraging
Te c h n o l o g i e s • Policies
• Lowering The LCOE • Collaboration
•Utility-Scale •Offshore •Distributed or “Small
• Photovoltaics • Solar Heating & Cooling • Concentrating Solar Power • Solar + Storage • Hybrid Systems
• Biomass feedstocks • Dedicated energy crops • Agricultural crop residues • Forest residues • Algae • Wood processing residues • Residential and commercial waste • Wet/ Industrial waste
Solar Car Parks Solar Cell Applications on Vehicles
Solar Roads
Floating Solar Agricultural PV Plants• Enabling access to electricity
Sustainable
Development
Goals • Reducing the carbon emission in
transport and power sector
Transformation
of the economy
• Job opportunities
in the value
chain
Energy • Social, environmental and economic
performance of batteries
Transition
Improvements in technology
Economies of scale and demandSimay Akar
CCO & Co-Founder
Senior Member & Volunteer
https://www.innoses.com/
https://www.simayakar.com/P
Lighting The Middle of Nowhere
Toby Cumberbatch - SociaLite Lighting Systems Inc tjc@socialitelantern.org
UN/IEEE Universal Access to Energy February 11th 2021
Mustapha Osman (SociaLite Ghana)
with students from The Cooper Union (New York), The NUR (Kigali) & Wa Polytechnic (Wa, Ghana) www.socialitelantern.org
1.00 02/09/21The Middle of Nowhere Douro, Mali P
2Energy Access Jirapa, Ghana P
3Early Evening Djibo, Burkina Faso P
4
When there is no sun and no moon and you are
in the middle of nowhere, it is pitch black—you
are blind, you navigate by touch20% of Humankind uses “Dirty” Light Nambeg, Ghana P
5
The Fantilla
70,000 year old technology - oil lampImported Solar Lanterns Wa, Ghana P
6Energy New York, USA : Owabi, Ghana P
7
Energy Access Access EnergyP
8
Class Challenge 2006
• Design, build and evaluate -
• a portable, rechargeable lantern for the poorest
people on the planet
• flashlight and general lighting
• for reading and studying
• runs for two days on a single charge
• costs < $10 and is a “must have”System Overview - Shared Resources EID101C Cooper Union, 2006 P
9
Solar Panel (70W)
Lanterns with
Rechargeable
SLA Battery
Charging
Battery
Car
StationClass Prototypes EID101C Cooper Union, 2006 P
10Community Dialog Nambeg, Ghana P
11System 1: June 2007 Nambeg, Ghana P
12System 2: January 2008 Nambeg, Ghana P
13
Charging Station
Mk I
Charging Station 2008
Mk II 2007Dreaming about an ideal Lighting System ….. New York, USA P
14
• manufacture
• anywhere by anyone
• simple tools and a 100 W PV panel
• operation
• no infrastructure
• no technical expertise
• robust
• economicRequirements P
15
Accessible Sustainable
• Low Cost • Technological
• Income • Financial
• Location • Operational
Durable Maintainable
• Culture • Local
• Climate • Simple
• Usage • Low CostLighting System in a Duffle Bag Butare, Rwanda P
16
Suitcase Contents: PV Panel —68W Amorphous Si
Tools, circuit boards and electronic components
Suitcase contains everything required to assemble,
fabricate and install an 80 household system.
Except: Lantern housing and batteriesSystem Delivery Brong Ahafo, Ghana P
17Lantern Circuit Development 2008—2011 New York, USA P
18
Switchmode
-Buck converter
-Efficient
-More Complex
Linear Output Stage
-Simple
-InefficientInstructional Materials Cooper Union, New York P
19
R17 R15
200k ohms 0 ohms
RsLED
0.5 ohms
RsBATT
0.1 ohmsHousing Designs Northern Ghana P
20Lantern Components 2010 Kumasi, Ghana P
21
6V 4.5Ah
SLA Battery
Lantern
Base
Light
Diffuser
LED Drive
& Battery
Three Charging
bicycle
spokesLighting Service—Charging Station 2010 Baazing, Ghana P
22
Lantern
Charging
Cell phone
Charging
Rented
LanternsHousing Manufacture Ave Dakpa, Ghana P
23Lantern Circuit Development 2011—2013 New York, USA P
24
Very low power µP
Overall improvements
Extremely robust designCircuit Assembly Ave Dakpa, Ghana P
25Charging Station Nyitavuta, Ghana P
26
• Community Resource • Charges • Act as 12V Micro-grid
• Log System and Lantern • Lanterns • Monitor Battery Abuse
Usage • Cell Phones • Local EmploymentPutting it All Together Nyitavuta, Ghana P
27Supply Lines SociaLite P
28
United States
Electronic Printed Circuit Assembly Tools &
Components Boards Instructions
Photovoltaic Panel 6V Lead Acid
Charge Controller Ship Battery
12V Lead Acid
Lantern Housing
Battery Lantern and Base
Materials
Station Assembly
Base Station
Housing Materials Lighting System Test
Lighting System
Installation
In CountryValue Chain — Self-sustaining SociaLite P
29
Circuit PV Panels, Batteries, Transport,
Components Charge Controllers Housings, Labor
SociaLite (USA) SociaLite (Country) Kits, Tools,
Parts, Tools Assembly Village
Design Services Engineering Services Instructions
System Assembly
Procurement Procurement, Installation
Finance Instructions Distribution, Finance Training
Maintenance
System
Operation
Training
Community/
Finance Finance Entrepreneur
USA Country Charging Station
Minor Repairs
Down
Lantern Payment
Income - $2
Monthly
Expenditure
Charge
Goods and Added Value - $1
End User
HouseholdSystem Propagation SociaLite P
S R J
K O
P II
L
D
M
T B G
N
A
A E
H
Q C
F
F
Community Monitor OrganizerLighting System with optional A/V Facilities 2020 P
31
CIGS/Si Solar Panel CIGS/Si Solar Panel
(100W) (100W)
12 Cell
20 Lanterns Phones
85 Ah Car
Battery
Pico Projector
Central Image Size
Charging 2.5m Diagonal
Station
85 Ah Car
Stereo Sound
Battery
System (200W)Micro-Grid (May 2020) Monroe, CT, USA P
32
Audio Amplifier Simple 12V Lantern Charging
Internet through
Off/On; Input; Power Tools BT Pico Video
Cell Phone
Volume; Output Speaker Projector
Raspberry Pi
2 x 85Ah SLA Batteries
MPPT Charge Controller
Lantern Firmware
Fuses
Programming
12V Soldering & Field Update
Irons
12V Outlet USB
System
Lock
PV
In
12V Jack
Phone Phone
Charging ChargingMobile A/V Micro-Grid/Charging Station Wa, Ghana P
33
PV panels, screen, A/V system
Charging Station/Micro-grid
Locally manufactured cart for transport
over rough terrain in all seasonsBush Cinema Bulinjing, Ghana P
34Approximate Financials SociaLite P
35
Lantern Costs (USD) Charging Station Costs (USD)
Component 2013 2021 Component Specification 2013 2021
LED 1.50 0.13
PV Panel 68W 200.00 75.00
PCB 1.00 0.33
Car Battery > 66 Ah 100.00 125.00
Electronics 6.50 9.00
Battery 5.60 4.50 Charge Controller Standard 20.00 100.00
Housing 1.00 1.00 Cables/Sockets 14 Outlets 100.00 100.00
Assembly 2.00 3.00 Total 420.00 400.00
Total 17.60 17.96 Panel now 100W; Battery now > 75Ah; Charge Controller MPPT (Efficiency 97%)
For Orders 1000: 2020 - higher quality switches/jacks
Usage Charges (USD)
Communities Served
Type of Payment 2013 2021
State 2013 2021
Lantern (Downpayment) 3.50 2.00
Operational 4 1
Lantern (Monthly fee) 0.70 1.00
Non-Operational 2 9
Cell Phone Charging/Movie (PPU) — 0.20Three Years in the Field Nyitavuta, Ghana P
36P
37
Lantern Details
• Buck converter — battery charge & LED drive
• LED Nichia 35 lm
• 6V 4.5 Ah SLA Battery
• Charge time ≈ 4 hours
• Battery life ≈ 4 years
• Illumination ≈ 40 Hr (bright); 120 Hr (night)
• Charge weeklyP
38
Status
• system built and delivered anywhere by anyone
• technology works
• Bulinjing community lit February 2021 (Upper West Region—UWR)
• 5 systems installed in the UWR end of April
• 1000 households lit end of 2021
• functional revenue streams
• deploy mobile micro-gridAcknowledgements Ave Dakpa, Ghana P
39
• Funding • Participants and Assistance
• NSF, EPA, NCIIA • Cooper Union students EID101C (2006); EID101A (2007)
and countless others
• American Tank and Vessel
• David Berger, Mike Gazes, Paul Miller, Anurag Panda,
• Numerous Private Donors
Gaurav Namit (USA)
• The Cooper Union • Felix Akorli (Ghana, Rwanda)
• Nichia Corporation (LEDs) • Adjei Donkor (Ghana)
• James Gunu (Ghana)
• Communities (Ghana)
• Students and faculty at The Kwame Nkrumah University
• Nambeg, Tampaala, Baazing (UWR)
of Science and Technology & Wa Polytechnic (Ghana);
• Cherile, Baayire, Katah, Bulinjing (UWR) The National University of Rwanda
• Nyitavuta, Kamiekope (Volta Region) • Mrs. Blandina Batiir (Ghana)
• Communities (Rwanda) • Dr. Elizabeth Lyons (NSF)
• Ndora (Gisagara District) • Jennifer Keller Jackson (NCIIA)
• Genice Jacobs (USA)Energy Access Volta Region, Ghana P
40
Distributed PV power systems?
Small amount of light - transformational
Girl’s education - break cycle of intergenerational poverty
Audio-Visual - movies/instructional videos in native tongue
Cellphone charging - connectivity - internetEnd-use innovations for energy for decent living Keywan Riahi International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) riahi@iiasa.ac.at IEEE/UN Series of Online Events: “New Technologies, Ethics and Policy Engagement for Sustainable Development” Universal Access to Energy
Energy for Poverty Eradication
Energy for ‘Decent Living’
Household energy
poverty
Clean Cooking Access
Electricity Access
Energy Services
• Thermal Comfort
• Hygiene
• Social Connectivity
Health
Education
Mobility Supporting
Infrastructure
Rao & Min, Soc. Ind. Res., 2018Decent Living Standards – Material basis for
Well-being
DLS Indicators
Dimension Unit
Food kCal,
Micronutrition
Shelter m2, Durable
Comfort (ºC, RH)
Basic Stove, TV,
appliances Fridge
Health/Educ $$
Clothing Kg
Water/Sanit Access, m3
Mobility P-km
Rao & Min, Soc. Ind. Res., 2018Decent Living Standards – Current Conditions
Kikstra et al, In PrepCooling ‘Poverty’
?
?
Mastrucci et al., Energy & Bldgs, 2019
What is the scope for reducing cooling
demand with
passive and advanced cooling
technologies?Global Mobility Gaps – Leapfrog
Opportunity?
Scope for Shared
Mobility?
Kikstra et al, In Prep
> 70 Exajoules
( based on current mode shares)lumpy
large unit size
high unit cost
indivisible
high risk
Technology
Unit Size
granular
small unit size
low unit cost
modular
low risk Source: Grubler,
ESA class materialGranularity Benefits: faster learning
Higher Learning with Smaller Unit Scale after Accounting for Economies of
Scale
'De$scaled'"Learning"Rates"
(per"doubling"of"cumulaCve"numbers"of"units)"
40%%
smaller units
De$scaled"Learning"Rate"(CumulaCve"Number"of"Units)"
y"="$0.02ln(x)"+"0.0822"
R²"="0.33179" geothermal
30%%
20%% -> more units
10%%
0%%
-> more
opportunities to
!10%%
experiment
!20%%
!30%% -> more learning
nuclear
!40%%
1.E!04% 1.E!03% 1.E!02% 1.E!01% 1.E+00% 1.E+01% 1.E+02% 1.E+03% 1.E+04%
Average"Unit"Size"(MW)"
Healey, S. (2015). Separating Economies of Scale and Learning Effects in Technology Cost Improvements. IR-15-009.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.Granularity Benefits: equal distribution
per capita energy services in the global South
Food - kcal/day/capita Thermal comfort - m2/capita
North2020
3200 35
North2020
3000 30
25
2800
20
2600 Decent Standards of Living
15
2400 Decent Standards of Living
10
2200 5
2000 0
LED2020 LED2050 LED2020 LED2050
Consumer goods - items/capita Mobility - passenger-km/year/capita
30
12000 North2020
North2020
25
10000
20
8000
Decent Standards of Living
15
6000
10
4000
Decent Standards of Living
5
2000
0
0
LED2020 LED2050 LED2020 LED2050Resource Impacts of Digital Convergence
Resource Impacts of Digital Convergence
Embodied
Power energy
449 Watts
1706 kWh
449 Watts 1
Stand-by
5 Watts 75 kWh Weight
Power Emb
energy use
2.5 Watts 0.1 kg
72 Watts
72 Watts 26 kg
Stand-by
Updated (Malmodin & Lundén, 2018; Bento, 2016)
energy use
from Grubler et al, 2018. Pictorial representation based on Tupy, 2012.Gruebler et al, 2019
2 Perspectives on Meeting 1.5°C
GHG Emissions Profiles
Overshoot as
supply-side options
scale slowly, but need massive
long-term deployment
for high demand scenarios Rapid Transformation
driven by end-use changes
(innovation & behavior)
Granular, distributed supply side
Inertia in policy,
options lead the way for scaling
social & technology
other mitigation options, rapid change
change
under low demand
“Grand Restoration”
Negative emissions, e.g. BECCS
sink enhancement via
returning land to nature
“Conventional” 1.5 C Scenario LED Scenario narrativeYou can also read
