Urban Air Mobility - Trends & Challenges - Dr. Jochen Kaiser Head of Visionary Aircraft Concepts - AMAA 2018
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Urban Air Mobility - Trends & Challenges Dr. Jochen Kaiser Head of Visionary Aircraft Concepts
The Bauhaus Luftfahrt Approach
Founded in November 2005 by A non-profit research institution with long-term time horizon
The Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Strengthening the cooperation between industry, science and politics
Infrastructure, Transport and Technology Developing new approaches for the future of aviation with a high
Airbus level of technical creativity
IABG Optimizing through a holistic approach in science, economics,
Liebherr Aerospace engineering and design
MTU Aero Engines Added value due to interdisciplinary teams
• Aeronautical engineering
• Economy & ecology
• Geography
• Informatics & knowledge management
• Materials science
• Physics & chemistry
• Social sciences
Going “New Ways“ for the mobility of tomorrow
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 2
The Idea of Aviation in Urban Mobility is not new…..
1967 1991 2006
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 3
…and existed and still exists…. Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 4
Mobility within and between citites
> 5 Millions
> 10 Millions
Year 1970 New York > 20 Millions
Tokyo
30% urban : 70% rural Osaka
> 30 Millions
Tokyo Delhi Sao Paulo
Year 2014
Shanghai Mumbai
54% urban : 46% rural Mexico City Osaka
Tokyo
Year 2030
60% urban : 40% rural Delhi
Shanghai
Source: ESA World Urbanization prospects 2014
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 5
Commuting Times in Large Metropolitan Areas
Data according to TomTom
+80%
+94% +95%
London 40%
+62% Moscow
17 Mio. +91% 44%
+59% 17 Mio. Beijing
+84% 46%
New York Istanbul 49% 25 Mio.
35% 15 Mio. +71%
Los Angeles 45% 24 Mio.
15 Mio. +101% +63% +63%
+62% +52% +118%
Mexico City Extra Time at Evening Peak
21 Mio. 66% Bangkok
61% +95%
City Name Average 16 Mio.
Metropolitan size X% Extra Time
+96% +91% Jakarta
58% 30 Mio.
Extra Time at Morning Peak
+81%
Rio de Janeiro
+88% 47% +63%
14 Mio. +88%
Santiago de Chile 43% +67%
7 Mio. +63% Cape Town Sydney 39%
35% 5 Mio.
+73% 4 Mio. +75% +87%
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 6
Intra Urban Mobility | Urban Air Mobility Vehicle Infrastructure Airspace Integration Community Acceptance & Operation Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 7
UAM Initiatives worldwide
PAV
5
1
4
1 9 1
1 4 1
1 1 2
1
1
25
Conventional and Extremely Short or
Short TOL Vertical TOL
1
Rotory-W ing Fixed-W ing
Cruise Cruise
Tilt-
Fixed-Wing Autogyro Rotor-based Fan-based Hybrid-Wing Tailsitter
Wing/Prop.
34%
29% 26%
Percentage of
Programs
8%
3%
Rotor-based Fan-based Tilt-Wing/Prop. Hybrid-Wing Tailsitter
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 8
UAM Concepts
1. Rotary-Wing & Fan-
based Concepts
2. Tilt-/ Hybrid-Wing-
Configurations
3. Fixed-Wing „Flying
Cars“
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Hybrid-Electric Power Train
Main Differences between Automotive & Aviation Applications:
Mission Profile
Recuperation is part of energy management Constant energy demand over a large part of the
mission
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 10Electric Aircraft History & Future Concepts
Electraflyer-ULS Electraflyer-ULS
E-Spyder E-Spyder
© Flight International
Electric Lazair NASA „LEAPTech“ ElectricJobyLazair
Aviation „Joby S2“
Antares 23E Antares 23E
Long-ESA Long-ESA
C172 Skyhawk C172 Skyhawk
eGenius eGenius
Electric Viva Electric Viva
Electric Cri-Cri I Electric Cri-Cri I
Electra Electra
MB-E1 on October 21, 1973 HK36 FCD HK36 FCD
SkySpark SkySpark
Waiex WaiexSource: Jobyaviation.com
Source: Nasa.gov
Yuneec e430 Yuneec e430
Flight Design Hybrid Motor Flight Design Hybrid Motor
AE-1 Silent AE-1 Silent Airbus E-Fan 2.0 Volocopter 2X
Solar Riser
MB-E1
……
Antares 20E Antares 20E
Silent 2 Silent 2
Silent 2 Electro Silent 2 Electro
Electraflyer Electraflyer
Antares DLR-H2 Antares DLR-H2
ENFICA-FC ENFICA-FC
Taurus Source: Airbusgroup.com
Taurus
Electric Cri-Cri II Electric Cri-Cri II
Alatus ME Alatus ME
Electra One Aurora eVTOLElectraBauhaus One Luftfahrt „Ce-Liner“
Taurus G4 Taurus G4
FlyNano FlyNano
AOS-71 AOS-71
Arcus E Arcus E
Battery powered DA36 E-Star DA36 E-Star
Evektor EPOS Evektor EPOS
Fuel cell-battery hybrid E-Fan E-Fan
Engine-battery hybrid
List is not exhaustive
…… Source: Bauhaus-Luftfahrt.net
1990
1974 1992
1976 1994
1978 1996
1980 1998
1982 2000
1984 2002
1986 2004
1988 2006
1990 2008
1992 2010
1994 2012
1996 2014
1998 2016
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 11Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure Concepts (Visualisations taken from NASA, Uber, Volocopter, Lilium) Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 12
Integration of UAM into urban mobility
PAV
Subway
Bus
Automobile
Sioux Falls MATSim Baseline Scenario: UAM covering 4% of trips
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 13What are the implications on cities?
What are the implications on cities?
Example: Los Angeles
Population
• City: approx. 4 Million
• Metropolitan Area: approx. 13 Million
LA International Airport
• Aircraft Operations per day: around 2000 A/C
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 14What are the implications on cities?
Assumption:
Avarage number of rides per day
• 3 by every resident
PAV share on transport capacity similar to taxi:
• 1% of passenger traffic
PAV flights / hour
• 5.000 in LA city
• 16.000 in LA metropolitan area
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 15What are the implications on cities?
Automation / Autonomy
• Pilotless Operation
• Air Traffic Management
• Databases
Infrastructure
• PAV-Ports
• Power Supply
• Communication
Reliability of Service
• Capacity
• Time for Waiting & Travel
• Interoperability with other
Modes of Transportation
Safety & Regulations
Acceptance
Alle Rechte bei / All rights with Bauhaus Luftfahrt 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) 12.09.2018 16Future Prospects of Aviation in Urban Mobility
Multiple aspects are still being discussed: What we know today…
Vehicle characteristics regarding take-off and landing High level of activities on research and industry side
capabilities, travel speed, capacity,... with focus on vehicle demonstrator and ATM/UTM
Operational concepts as on-demand vs. scheduled, concepts
commercial vehicles vs. personal vehicles, inter- vs. Commercial, piloted operations targeted in 2023
intra-city,... onwards
Possible market structures, ownership
Full-scale, autonomous operations decades away
models and business models
Level of system costs Operation from (heli)pad type area
Infrastructure set-up Various studies show an UAM market share ofContact
Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V.
Willy-Messerschmitt-Strasse 1
85521 Ottobrunn
Germany
Tel.: +49 (0) 89 3 07 48 49 - 47
Fax: +49 (0) 89 3 07 48 49 - 20
jochen.kaiser@bauhaus-luftfahrt.net
http://www.bauhaus-luftfahrt.net
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