Volume 2, 2021 - Clarion University
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Volume 2, 2021
About the Clarion University
Paralegal Program
The Clarion University Law Journal is a presented to you by the paralegal students of Clarion
University of Pennsylvania. We offer three paralegal programs all of which are approved by the
American Bar Association.
The Bachelor of Science in Business Administration-Paralegal Studies is a unique and highly
marketable paralegal business degree. It is accredited by the most elite business organization,
AACSB, and the most elite paralegal approval organization, the American Bar Association. It
provides graduates with both a fine business and paralegal education. Graduates are prepared to
enter the business world and the law firms that represent them. We recognize that law practice is
a business and that firms need expertise in the business field to manage their operations and to
manage their paralegal staff. This degree has proven to be an excellent preparatory degree for Law
School.
For those students who wish to bring justice to the world in a non-business setting we offer the
Integrative Studies-Paralegal. It is a liberal arts based degree that has enough flexibility to allow a
student to explore many intellectual areas or pursue a dual major.
We also offer a Certificate in Advanced Paralegal Studies. The Certificate is open to students
who have completed a Bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution of higher
education, or has completed no less than sixty credits from a regionally accredited institution of
higher education, or is currently enrolled at Clarion University of Pennsylvania in a bachelors
program. The Certificate is twenty-four credits and can be easily completed as part of any major
at Clarion University or used as a post-baccalaureate certificate. This allows students to add a legal
component to their chosen career. There is no field anywhere that does not involve law.
Please visit our web page for more information: http://www.clarion.edu/academics/degrees-
programs/fin/paralegal/
Clarion University Law Journal, Vol 2, 2021
Edited by Frank Shepard
Cover Design by Austin Blose
iTABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Clarion University Paralegal Program..................................................................................... i
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................................... ii
Student Rights in Higher Education.......................................................................................................... 1
White Collar Crimes and the Benczkowski Memorandum................................................................... 9
Hours Unrequited...................................................................................................................................... 12
An Eye for an Eye....................................................................................................................................... 17
Paternity by Estoppel................................................................................................................................. 20
Our Kids Deserve Blue Skies.................................................................................................................... 23
Should Private Medical Procedures be Up for Public Discussion?...................................................... 29
Minimum Wage Laws................................................................................................................................ 31
Insanity Defense......................................................................................................................................... 34
Medical Marijuana..................................................................................................................................... 37
Sobriety Checkpoints................................................................................................................................. 40
Marijuana DUI........................................................................................................................................... 49
Varsity Blues................................................................................................................................................ 52
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Acknowledgments
We wish to thank the Barbara Morgan Harvey Center for The Study of Oil Heritage for funding
the publication of this Journal.
The Center is located in Suhr Library on Clarion University’s Venango campus. It contains a
fascinating collection of old photographs and texts concerning oil heritage. The center supports a
lecture series highlighting the history of petroleum in our area. A few of the lectures are available
to view at the Center’s web site: www.clarion.edu/harveycenter.
In recognition of the Barbara Morgan Harvey Center for the Study of Oil Heritage and their
support for this journal, each edition of the Clarion University Law Journal will contain an article
on the history of the oil region of Western Pennsylvania.
The front cover is a picture of the Clarion County Court House. It was constructed between 1883
and 1885 and sits on the site of the first two courthouses which were destroyed by fire.
The back cover is a picture of the train station at Petroleum Centre, Pa. in what is now Oil Creek
State Park. Petroleum Center was a company town started by the Central Petroleum Company.
It quickly became known as the wildest town in the oil region filled with saloons and houses of
prostitution. There was no law enforcement other than mob rule. One night a floating brothel came
down Oil Creek and docked in Rouseville, Pa. In the middle of the night people of the town cut the
barge lose. The inhabitants and their customers soon found themselves floating miles away on the
Allegheny River. Such things were to stay largely in Petroleum Centre.
Today a passenger train runs from the Petroleum Centre Station through the sites of the old ghost
towns along Oil Creek, past Drake Well, to Titusville, Pa. On select days tours of Petroleum Centre
by those in period costume are included with the train ride.
Please forward any comments to shepard@clarion.edu
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