WE'RE MAKING SURE VICTORIA IS READY FOR ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES - Energy
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WE’RE MAKING SURE
VICTORIA IS READY
FOR ZERO EMISSION
VEHICLES
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehicles Against the growing need to address climate change, the Victorian Government is acting now to transition our energy system, and our economy as a whole, to net zero emissions by 2050. This includes planning for our transition to zero emissions vehicles. We are already well on track to meet our target to Zero emissions vehicles will interact closely with our reduce Victoria’s greenhouse gas emissions by 15 electricity system – increasing demand, changing to 20 per cent below 2005 levels by 2020. And our when and how we use and access the electricity energy system is increasingly renewables-based. grid, and potentially providing new forms of energy However, one of the biggest (and growing) sources storage. We need to align planning for zero emissions of greenhouse gas emissions is the transport vehicles with planning for our energy system – to sector, particularly road transport 1. Zero emissions ensure that it is ready and able to respond to these vehicles – using clean, renewable energy – provide changes and that we maximise the benefits for all opportunities to achieve significant reductions in Victorians. greenhouse gas emissions. And the transition to zero emission vehicles will also reduce the amount of air OUR VISION IS FOR VICTORIA TO BE A pollution, making our cities and towns more liveable. LEADER IN ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES While the numbers of electric vehicles in Victoria Government forecasts indicate uptake of zero are currently small, it is expected that there will emissions vehicles in Australia could be at 27 per be significant take up over the next decade – and cent by 20302. With the market for zero emission we need to start planning now for this transition. vehicles expected to mature over the next decade, Infrastructure Victoria’s October 2018 report the Victorian Government is preparing a Zero “Advice on Automated and Zero Emissions Vehicles Emissions Vehicle Roadmap, to be released in 2020, Infrastructure” (see text box below) identifies the to manage that transition. “need to establish a supportive environment for the Victorian fleet to transition to zero emissions technologies … [and also that this] needs to be balanced with adequate planning for charging and source energy generation.” 1 Close to 90 per cent of transport emissions come from road transport – cars (56 per cent of road transport emissions), heavy duty trucks (25 per cent) and light vehicles (19 per cent). 2 Australian Government Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Research Report No. 151 “Electric Vehicle Uptake: Modelling a Global Phenomenon”, August 2019 2 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehicles
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
Image credit: ChargeFox
Key priorities for Victoria’s Zero Emissions Vehicle Roadmap include:
• identify actions to address barriers to zero emissions vehicle uptake and
encourage a competitive environment – recognising that availability of public
charging infrastructure will be crucial and is a key influencer to zero emissions
vehicle uptake in conjunction with vehicle price and model choice.
• integrate planning for zero emissions vehicles with government policies and
strategies for the energy system transition and forward planning for our
energy infrastructure, to ensure that our energy system is ready to support
the expected increased demand for electricity, including managing charging
demand to avoid exacerbating peak demand pressures.
• identify economic opportunities for Victoria, including new industry
development and job opportunities – for example, an electric vehicle
manufacturing facility is being established in Morwell in the Latrobe Valley and
will commence operations in 2021, manufacturing around 2,400 vehicles per
year and creating up to 500 jobs.
• capture the environmental and health benefits of the transition to zero
emissions vehicles and manage any impacts as their uptake accelerates, to
deliver benefits for all Victorians.
The Zero Emissions Vehicles Roadmap will support the development of appropriate planning, policy and
regulatory structures to address these priorities.
3
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning INFRASTRUCTURE VICTORIA’S “ADVICE ON AUTOMATED AND ZERO EMISSIONS VEHICLES INFRASTRUCTURE” – OCTOBER 2018 In November 2017, the Victorian Government requested Infrastructure Victoria to provide advice on what infrastructure is required to pave the way for highly automated and zero emissions vehicles. Infrastructure Victoria’s final report sets out the evidence on the challenges and projected benefits of these new and emerging technologies. The report details the potential infrastructure requirements for automated and zero emissions vehicles by analysing the current situation, recommending delivery pathways and identifying key decision or trigger points for the infrastructure. It makes 17 recommendations that were tested against the context of seven possible future scenarios, including zero emission scenarios of an all-electric and an all-hydrogen future. For zero emissions vehicles, the key recommendations are: • Recommendation 10 – Transition to zero emissions - Establishing a supportive environment for the Victorian fleet in transitioning to zero emissions technologies and capturing the health and emissions benefits whilst balancing the need for planning of charging and energy infrastructure. • Recommendation 11 – Plan for energy changes – Enable the energy sector to respond to the emergence of zero emissions vehicles by optimally responding to the additional demand while continuing to meet reliability and affordability requirements. • Recommendation 12 – Encourage demand management – Allow for incentives or other mechanisms to shift energy demand from peak periods and reducing the need for additional energy infrastructure. • Recommendation 14 – Create planning flexibility – Create flexibility for property owners and local authorities to adapt to future changes due to automated and zero emissions vehicles • Recommendation 15 – Prepare for new waste – Implement changes to the Statewide waste and resource recovery infrastructure plan and Recycling industry strategic plan to incorporate impacts from new forms of waste due to the emergence of automated and zero emissions vehicles. • Recommendation 16 – Keep track of trends – Initiate monitoring and annual reporting of automated and zero emissions vehicles developments, benefits and risks, focusing on uptake, performance, safety, vehicle connectivity, road wear, road structures and public transport usage changes. The Zero Emissions Vehicle Roadmap will set out how government is responding to these recommendations. 4 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehicles
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
PLANNING FOR A SMOOTH At the end of 2018, Victoria had 403 publicly
available charging stations, one of the largest
TRANSITION TOWARDS ZERO networks in Australia. And the Government is doing
EMISSION VEHICLES more, by helping to fund:
Key issues for government, industry and community • the Chargefox Ultra-rapid Electric Vehicle (EV)
consideration to support a smooth transition to zero Charger Project to roll out Australia’s fastest EV
emissions vehicles are set out below. charging stations at seven sites across Victoria:
Euroa, Barnawartha North, Ballarat, Horsham,
Torquay, Latrobe Valley and Melbourne
• Delta Energy Systems to develop and trial an
Victoria will need a well-planned innovative EV charger technology that aims to
network of publicly available combine solar, battery and grid energy sources
that actively manage the source of electricity and
charging stations to get you where
improve the emissions footprint
you want to go
• the Electric Vehicle Network Feasibility Study led
by the Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance. This
project is investigating the potential to develop
‘Range anxiety’ – fear of being stranded and unable a coordinated network of publicly available
to recharge their vehicle – is a commonly cited charging stations across Victoria. It involves
barrier to uptake of zero emission vehicles even 43 regional and rural councils, 11 metropolitan
though new models in the Australian market now councils, the Victorian greenhouse alliances and
have real world driving ranges of greater than 300 the Electric Vehicle Council of Australia.
kilometres. A well-planned network of widespread
and highly visible publicly available charging
stations across Victoria is still critical to providing
public confidence of being able to go where you
want without the anxiety of being stranded between Questions: What are the key issues to
charging stations. be addressed in planning a charging
infrastructure network?
Publicly available charging stations are typically
highway charging and destination charging, which
often utilised electricity from renewable sources, and Recognising that this is an emerging market,
where payment can be via a website app or self- what steps should government consider to
service credit card facility: support an effective roll-out of charging
• highway charging - the latest trend is ultra- stations to meet the needs of all Victorians?
rapid charging technology, the fastest on the
market globally. These charging stations may
be located typically along highway routes that
connect major cities and are capable of providing
a driving range of up to 400 kilometres in
under 15 minutes to quickly get you to your next
destination.
• destination charging - typically uses fast
charging technology capable of providing a
typical driving range of around 60 kilometres
in 15 minutes. These type of charging stations
are typically located in cities or townships at
convenient locations such as shopping centre
carparks or popular tourist spots. The longer
charging speeds may be better for situations
where consumers engage in tourism or shopping
activities.
Image credit: ChargeFox
5Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
There will be different charging solutions depending on where you live and work
How battery electric vehicles are re-charged is significantly different to how conventional petrol or diesel
vehicles are fuelled – and it can offer more flexibility. The key options are outlined in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Types of electric vehicle chargers
EV charger LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
types AC AC/DC DC
An electrical A wall charging
Example A high-powered DC fast charger
outlet unit
Home, work,
Typical Regional near highways,
Home shopping centre
application motorways and key routes
and car park
Power 1-2.4kW 3.7-22kW 50kW 120kW 350kW
Typical charge 60km/15 290km/15 400km/15
7-15km/hr 15-100km/hr
rate* minutes minutes minutes
*Charge rate may vary depending on the charging station and the vehicle’s battery capacity.
Source: https://www.drivezero.com.au/charging/charging-guides/electric-car-charging-guide/
6 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehiclesDepartment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
With more options of how and where battery electric The charging infrastructure options for consumers
vehicles can be charged, there will be different also offer varying power and charging speeds that
charging solutions that meet the differing needs of can match consumers preferences. Charging can
all Victorians depending on where they live or work: happen at various speeds, from the slow drip feed
• Most charging will likely occur at home for of a normal power socket (taking up to 8 hours)
Victorians who have access to off-street parking. to charging as fast as 10 - 15 minutes when on the
A consideration for new housing construction highway.
to be zero emissions vehicle ready is to ensure
Emerging charging options in development could
appropriate cabling is installed and electrical
offer further advantages, such as faster charging
capacity is available during construction to avoid
infrastructure with speeds that will become
potential costly retrofits later on.
equivalent to conventional petrol or diesel refuelling
• Workplace charging could also become more time, and wireless induction charging that will
frequent, particularly in the case of company fleet automatically charge when the vehicle is in proximity
vehicles or for employees who don’t have ready of an induction charging plate – which could be
access to home charging. Retrofitting charging more suitable to future connected and automated
capability in existing workplaces may have some vehicles.
technical and economic challenges dependent
on the electrical capacity and complexity of The government will need to consider the
installation at the site. implications of these different options, including
• For those Victorians who don’t have access identifying any planning issues or regulatory
to off-street parking with home charging or requirements. Taking account of consumer
workplace charging, publicly available charging preferences, Government will seek to ensure that
at convenient locations will be an alternative a range of charging options are readily available
solution. while at the same time ensuring the energy system is
appropriately managed.
• Providing charging facilities in existing multi-
dwelling complexes may present technical and
economic challenges dependent on site and
public charging alternatives will be needed.
• For new multi-dwelling complexes, providing Question: What do you see are the biggest
charging facilities is less complex and more issues and potential solutions in ensuring
economical, if planning is incorporated at the start. there are adequate charging options
available to all Victorians?
Image credit: ChargeFox7Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
Our energy system will need to Government will need to work closely with
distribution businesses (responsible for the
manage the increased demand for
management and upgrade of our electricity
electricity networks) to manage this new demand and
potential implications for peak demand. Options
such as smart, flexible charging capability to enable
Our current electricity network is not designed charging of vehicles outside peak demand periods,
to accommodate the expected large increase and opportunities for vehicle to grid (V2G) capability
in demand for electricity that will come with the where the vehicle battery can inject energy into the
uptake of zero emission vehicles. A key issue will be network at times of peak demand are all measures
considering how that demand can be managed to that could help the efficient and cost-effective
avoid exacerbating existing peak demand pressures integration of zero emissions vehicles with our
and impacting system reliability. And we need to electricity networks.
consider the potential cost impacts for consumers if
increased demand pressures require infrastructure
upgrades. It is also important to ensure that we
consider and manage potential equity impacts as
our energy system plans for the transition to zero Question: What do you consider is important
emission vehicles so that this does not disadvantage in ensuring how our energy system can
certain sections of the community. optimally respond to the additional demand
from zero emission vehicles while continuing
to meet reliability and affordability
requirements?
Image credit: ChargeFox
8 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehiclesDepartment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
There is a need to inform drivers The Victorian Government is including zero emission
vehicles in its vehicle fleets. This will help increase
about the benefits of zero emission
demand and encourage vehicle manufacturers to
vehicles and better understand identify Victoria and Australia as a serious market
barriers to consumer uptake for zero emission vehicles. The relatively short
turnover of fleet vehicles (typically around three
years) can create a greater volume for the second-
A recent survey found 90 per cent of Australians hand vehicle market of more affordable zero
are aware of zero emission vehicles, but only 50 emission vehicles enabling more Victorians access to
per cent would consider buying one.3 This result these vehicles and its benefits.
reflects unfamiliarity with the technology, and limited
understanding of the benefits.
As well as the emission reduction and air quality
improvement benefits discussed earlier, zero Question: What are important issues for
emission vehicles have other benefits: you to know before you would consider
• Battery electric vehicles are cheaper to run purchasing a zero emissions vehicle?
and maintain. On average, a 100 km trip costs
around $16.65 for a petrol vehicle. The same trip
would cost $4.50 in a battery electric vehicle.4
And, because they have fewer parts, they have
lower maintenance costs (especially for engines
and brakes). Over time, battery electric vehicles Consumers are
reduce maintenance costs by 35–46 per cent. 5 much more likely to
• They are quieter at low speeds. Automotive purchase an electric
vehicles generate most urban noise, and this vehicle if they have
issue has become worse with urban densification,
tried driving one.
particularly with larger, heavier vehicles. Zero
emission vehicles could reduce noise pollution In 2018, the Victorian Government co-
at lower speeds (for example, in dense urban sponsored with the Clean Energy Finance
areas or other places where stop/start driving is Corporation a fleet drive day at Albert
common), with some studies indicating a fall of Park. This provided an opportunity for fleet
3–4 decibels in urban areas.6 Lower vehicle noise buyers and managers to be exposed to a
may also positively affect road use patterns; for range of electric vehicles – 14 models from 9
example, more road freight activity could occur manufacturers.
at night.
• They don’t use liquid fuels, which improves our 60 fleet buyers and managers from 41
fuel security. In 2016, Australia imported 91 per organisations attended. In addition to
cent of its oil for transport.7 The transition to information about what is available on the
zero emissions vehicles will mean we’ll be less market, they were able to experience driving
vulnerable to fuel supply disruptions, unexpected zero emissions vehicles. Of those surveyed, 82
price variations and improvement in our balance per cent were likely to include zero emissions
of trade. vehicles in their fleet after having driven one.
3 Climateworks “The state of electric vehicles in Australia” June 2017
4 http://myelectriccar.com.au/faq/
5 Arena Wire 2017, 11 July 2017 https://arena.gov.au/blog/where-are-the-electric-cars
6 The Netherlands, Proceedings of Internoise 2012, New York (USA).
7 International Energy Agency, Energy policies of IEA Countries: Australia 2018 Review
9Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
National action will also be important NEXT STEPS – WE WANT TO HEAR
to support the roll out of zero FROM YOU ABOUT THE TRANSITION
emission vehicles TO ZERO EMISSIONS VEHICLES
To inform the development of the Zero Emissions
Vehicle Roadmap in mid-2020, the government is
Commonwealth Government policies can directly
seeking the views of Victorians. We have already
impact the uptake of zero emission vehicles.
sought views from a range of stakeholders –
Alongside the development of the Zero Emissions
consumers, energy providers and industry and we
Roadmap for Victoria, the Victorian Government
would like to hear more, including your views on the
will continue to advocate for Commonwealth
questions raised above.
Government to take action through its National
Strategy for Electric Vehicles, proposed for 2020.
There are key actions that need to be progressed by
the Commonwealth Government including:
• implementing the introduction of a light vehicle
CO2 emission standards. If you would like to provide
• reviewing the Luxury Car Tax and Fringe Benefits your views, please email:
Tax for unintended financial impacts on zero
emission vehicles. zev@delwp.vic.gov.au
• improving the current Australian fuel
consumption labelling system to raise consumer
awareness of the benefits of electric vehicles.
Question: Where do you think are the key
priorities for governments at state, local
and national level?
10 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehiclesDepartment of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
Image credit: ChargeFox
11Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning delwp.vic.gov.au 12 We’re making sure Victoria is ready for zero emission vehicles
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