A momentous decade in addressing the carbon challenge
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
June 2021 Asia Pacific Issue #19 Industry focus A momentous decade in addressing the carbon challenge Global economy: Regional economy: High-level World economy bouncing ‘Three-speed’ recovery for the building costs back after a long and economies of the Asia Pacific uneven recovery
2 June 2021 Insight
Contents Welcome to Insight #19 covering the
countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
It continues to be a long and uneven recovery from the unprecedented
challenges of the past 18 months, but the global economy is currently
predicted to bounce back better than expected in terms of growth during
the remainder of 2021 and into 2022.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised its forecast for this
year to 6 per cent growth, with 4.4 per cent growth over next year.
Its forecast follows a year of contraction of more than three per cent
3
Global economy: during 2020 — although again this was better than previous predictions.
World economy
bouncing back after What's behind the ‘bounce-back’ ?
a long and uneven The ‘bounce-back’ has been attributed to a combination of positive actions
recovery adopted to varying degrees by the major economies. In Asia Pacific that
has meant early suppression of the Covid-19 virus, in spite of surges in
case numbers since, and a relatively quick return to export markets for
economies such as China and Vietnam.
5 Regional economy: In the West it has resulted from the development and rollout of Covid-19
‘Three-speed’ vaccines, as well as key economic intervention such as the massive
recovery for the spending programme introduced in the United States by the new Biden
administration.
economies of the
Asia Pacific In the Middle East, policymakers are benefiting from the unexpected oil
price recovery of early 2021, just as they reinstate various programmes
to diversify major economies such as in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates.
7 High-level
building costs
Concentration on climate change
The impact of climate change on the construction industry and how it is
being tackled comes under the microscope in our special report as we
look at what is likely to be a momentous decade. The leading economies
have signed up to a variety of deadlines to reduce pollution levels,
8
embrace the move to electric vehicles and change industrial practices, the
Industry focus: first of which take effect in the next few years.
A momentous The impact will continue to be felt across the industry, by investors,
decade in building owners and managers, designers, cost consultants and project
addressing the managers.
carbon challenge
11 Currie & Brown
offices
www.curriebrown.com
enquiries@curriebrown.com
www.curriebrown.com
3 Global economy June 2021 Insight
World economy bouncing back
after a long and uneven recovery
A positive outlook major macro-economic priorities
that dominated their agenda pre-
The good news of more optimistic
growth forecasts for the global
Covid-19. In the case of East Asian There is good news
economies like China, that has
economy will help boost the outlook meant concentrating on protecting to be had across
of several key regions including the the manufacturing sector and trying the globe, as more
Middle East and Asia Pacific. to ensure a prompt return to pre-
pandemic productivity.
optimistic growth
For different reasons, economies like
those in East Asia, including China, forecasts for the global
In the Gulf region, governments
and the Gulf Co-operation Council were deep into the planning stages economy aim to boost
region, are already experiencing
growth — movement in a positive
of ambitious programmes like Saudi the outlook of several
Arabia’s Vision 2030, which seeks to
direction that began within a year of ensure a much-diversified economy
key regions, including
the pandemic outbreak, and before within less than a decade. the Middle East and
vaccinations were on the horizon.
In both regions the emphasis has Asia Pacific
That trend reflects policymakers’ been on limiting the spread of the
determination to return to the virus, restricting movement wherever
www.curriebrown.com
4 Global economy June 2021 Insight
practicable, and introducing How do those countries hit worst by
vaccination programmes as quickly the pandemic recover? Is there a
as possible. In terms of government chance for them to ‘level up’? Even Recovery is not
spending, it has meant a renewed within the growth regions of the
effort concentrated on major capital world, there are economies that are complete, nor has
projects, such as spending on slower to return to ‘normal’ than their it been uniform.
transport infrastructure. neighbours.
Economies that depend
The major forecasters also hope that The IMF urges policymakers more heavily on tourism
China’s protracted trade war with the to prioritise actions such as
United States — heightened during strengthening special protection or commodity exports,
the Trump administration — can be for self-employed and ‘informally for example, have found
curtailed, if not quite brought to a close. employed’ people, supporting
adequate healthcare resources,
it more difficult to get
The IMF forecasting team has
been impressed by the general
childhood development, education, back to pre-pandemic
response to the pandemic by
vocational training and the fostering levels of activity
of ‘green infrastructure’. Their latest
numerous governments. “Thanks to
report says that the implementation
unprecedented policy response, the
of such policies needs to be flexible
Covid-19 recession is likely to leave
enough to cope with change as an
smaller scars than the 2008 global
economy emerges from the worst per capita income in many countries
financial crisis,” according to the
of the pandemic and seeks proper, is reckoned to be as much as 20
latest IMF analysis.
sustained growth. per cent lower than at 2019 pre-
“However, emerging market economies pandemic levels, the more vibrant
“When support is eventually scaled
and low-income developing countries economies are nearer half that figure.
back, it should be done in ways that
have been hit harder and are
avoid sudden ‘cliffs’, for instance, Such percentages demand greater
expected to suffer more significant
gradually reducing the government’s co-operation between rich and poor
medium-term losses," it added.
share of wages covered under countries, says Ms Gopinath. “Once
furlough… while increasing hiring the health crisis is over, policy efforts
A range of subsidies,” says the report. can focus more on building resilient,
recovery rates inclusive and greener economies,
“Long-term challenges — boosting
both to bolster the recovery and to
Recovery is not complete, nor has productivity, improving policy
raise potential output," she said,
it been uniform. Economies that frameworks and addressing climate
adding that priorities should be aimed
depend more heavily on tourism or change — cannot be ignored.
at boosting people’s productive
commodity exports, for example, Differential recovery speeds across capacity and arresting rising
have found it more difficult to get countries may give rise to divergent
inequality.
back to pre-pandemic levels of policy stances, particularly if advanced
activity. As lockdowns ease and economies benefit sooner than others For some countries that means
vaccination rates rise during mid- from wide vaccine coverage.” improving the structure of both
2021, the recovery of air travel may public and private sectors to gain
have a positive impact. While any The prospect of divergent recovery efficiencies. For richer economies,
recovery in visitor travel during this rates is of concern, noted IMF it may mean sharing technologies,
year will be welcome, it is, however, research director Gita Gopinath. including the availability of Covid-19
likely to be slow. Already there is evidence that, while vaccines and medications, as well as
encouraging greater digitisation.
“Even while all eyes are on the
pandemic, it is essential that progress
be made on resolving disagreements
over trade and technologies.
Countries should also co-operate
on climate change mitigation,
digitalisation, modernisation of
international corporate taxation, and
on measures to limit cross-border
profit shifting, tax avoidance and
evasion,” concluded Ms Gopinath.
www.curriebrown.com5 Regional economy June 2021 Insight
‘Three-speed’ recovery for the
economies of the Asia Pacific
The coronavirus may have been first the IMF last autumn is described now
detected in China, but that nation’s by the World Bank as ‘three-speed’.
response and its ability to focus
Its latest forecast stated: “Many of The three factors
quickly on economic recovery is
being credited with the Asia-Pacific
the economies in the region began affecting growth and
to bounce back in the second half of
region taking the lead in a global
2020 after an initial slump. However,
recovery have been
return to ‘normal', even while case
numbers continue to fluctuate. among major economies of the the containment of the
region, only China and Vietnam have virus, the ability to boost
Economic forecasters expect the followed a V-shape recovery path
APAC region to record average with output surpassing pre-Covid-19
manufactured exports
growth of 8.6 per cent during 2021, levels in 2020.” and the capacity of
and a further 6 per cent next year.
Both these figures are higher than for Other major regional economies such governments to provide
the rest of the world, as every country as Malaysia and Thailand remained key fiscal and monetary
below pre-Covid-19 levels, the World
copes with and recovers from the
impact of lockdown. Bank found. In some corners of
support during the worst
APAC, the result was that poverty of the pandemic
Nevertheless, even within the
started to climb, particularly in smaller
economies of APAC, the experience
island economies.
of recovery has been variable. The
‘multi-speed’ recovery predicted by
www.curriebrown.com6 Regional economy June 2021 Insight
Routes to recovery capital, Bangkok. The long-awaited
link, the first phase of which runs
The three factors affecting growth and
recovery have been the containment
250km within Thailand, is expected to Overall, capital projects
carry trains within five years, and will
of the virus, the ability to boost pass through Laos and eventually on and manufacturing
manufactured exports and the capacity
of governments to provide key fiscal
to China. exports offer the path
and monetary support during the worst Grimshaw has won an international to sustained recovery
competition to design a major new
of the pandemic. Those suffering the
transport hub at Shenzhen’s airport.
post-Covid-19. Countries
most were countries with high rates of
Covid-19, poorer access to population And work is starting on a high-speed like Australia, Japan and
testing, governments less able to 300km rail link within north-eastern
China, linking Harbin and Yichun in
others within APAC and
provide financial support, and a greater
dependence on non-manufacturing Heilongjiang province. also South America hope
sectors such as tourism, which suffered Singapore has awarded a $740 million that the Trans-Pacific
badly from an early stage. contract to Daewoo Engineering for Partnership will shine a
Manufacturing exporters such as the latest part of its Cross Island
China should benefit from global rail project. Work on the Pasir Ris path to co-operation and
recovery, helped partly by the Biden interchange and related tunnels will improved trade
administration’s stimulus of the US start later this year. Cross Island is
economy. China and Vietnam will lead Singapore’s eighth major metro line,
growth, with Malaysia and Indonesia and will link major hubs including
expected to return to growth before Jurong, Punggol and Changi. Nearly
the end of 2021. For other tourism- half of the stations in the current phase
dependent economies including will interlink with existing lines.
Thailand, that growth will follow next
The Thai government is anxious to
year. Australia is also banking on major
encourage capital projects such as
capital projects to kickstart its
“The developing East Asia and the so-called ‘southern land bridge
economy, with some success to date.
Pacific region is at the frontline of megaproject’, described by some
combating global climate change. The For example, financial close has
as potentially the most convenient
region is a major contributor to rising been reached for the $890 million
route for goods to reach Asia from
greenhouse gas emissions causing Footscray Hospital project, the State
the Middle East. Thai authorities are
climate change — with emissions of Victoria’s biggest ever healthcare
expected to choose a final location
tripling since the year 2000 and now infrastructure scheme, with a new
for the land bridge before the end of
accounting for nearly one-third of 500-bed hospital replacing an existing
June, according to the Bangkok Post.
global emissions. The region also facility and increasing capacity to
faces the consequences of climate Transport Minister Saksayam 15,000 patients a year.
change, from typhoons and tropical Chidchob has urged agencies to
Concept designs for a new 50m-high
diseases to melting glaciers and rising expedite the project, which will
and 550m-long rail bridge over the
oceans. Therefore, early climate connect the Gulf of Thailand with
Maribyrnong River as part of the
action by the region is both in the the Andaman Sea. He says two
Melbourne Airport rail link have been
global and the region’s own interest,” 16m-deep ports will be built at either
unveiled. And planning has started on
forecasters warned. end and there will be direct links to
what will be Australia’s longest road
road and rail. Regulations will be
tunnel, proposed as part of the Great
amended to shorten processes and
Making an impression reduce the documents required for
Western Highway. The 11km tunnel
through infrastructure goods transport in an attempt to
would be the main component of the
upgraded road between Lithgow and
Governments and the private sector attract businesses to use the link.
Katoomba.
are pushing ahead now with significant Another major port development, at
infrastructure and related capital Overall, capital projects and
Laem Chabang, received the go-
projects as they seek to stimulate manufacturing exports offer the path
ahead when the Thai cabinet agreed
further growth. China expects to finish to sustained recovery post-Covid-19.
to revise estimated returns to the state
its longest underwater highway at Taihu Countries like Australia, Japan and
to a level agreed by the port authority
this year. Traffic should be able to travel others within APAC and also South
and the consortium that won the $900
for nearly 11km under Lake Taihu, east America hope that the Trans-Pacific
million construction bid.
of Shanghai, when work is done. Partnership will clear a path to co-
The Bank of Thailand says that the operation and improved trade. For
A number of Chinese construction country has strong finances, but that others, including China, it is about
companies have signed to build the Covid-19’s longevity has hit small rebuilding the electronics industry
first phase of the high-speed rail businesses hard — particularly tourism, supply chain as demand continues to
link between Kunming and the Thai which supports 20 per cent of total jobs. improve worldwide.
www.curriebrown.com7 Cost data June 2021 Insight
High-level building costs - Q1 2021
Local currency/per m2 CFA
Australia (AUD) China (RMB)
Brisbane Melbourne Sydney Beijing Shanghai Shenzhen
Offices High-rise 3,450 - 4,400 3,650 - 4,300 4,450 - 5,550 8,000 - 11,000 8,000 - 10,500 8,000 - 10,500
Medium-rise 3,250 - 4,150 3,450 - 4,100 3,850 - 4,450 6,800 - 8,000 6,500 - 8,000 6,500 - 8,000
Low-rise 3,050 - 3,950 3,250 - 3,850 3,400 - 3,850 5,500 - 6,500 5,500 - 6,500 5,000 - 6,500
Retail malls 2,250 - 3,600 2,350 - 3,250 2,500 - 3,750 7,000 - 11,000 7,000 - 11,000 7,000 - 11,000
Residential High-rise 3,180 - 4,350 3,400 - 4,150 3,500 - 4,250 5,000 - 7,500 5,000 - 8,000 5,000 - 7,000
Medium-rise 2,500 - 3,400 3,000 - 3,650 2,950 - 3,500 3,600 - 5,000 3,800 - 5,000 3,700 - 5,000
Townhouses 1,650 - 3,580 1,450 - 2,675 1,350 - 2,400 5,000 - 7,500 5,500 - 8,000 5,500 - 8,000
Villas/houses 1,600 - 3,980 1,350 - 2,600 1,250 - 2,400 7,500 - 12,000 7,500 - 10,500 7,500 - 11,000
Hotels Five-star 4,100 - 5,700 4,450 - 5,850 4,850 - 6,100 10,000 - 15,000 10,000 - 15,000 11,000 - 15,000
Four-star 3,600 - 4,650 3,700 - 4,550 3,950 - 5,100 8,000 - 10,000 8,000 - 10,000 8,500 - 11,000
Three-star 2,950 - 4,150 3,475 - 3,950 3,500 - 4,100 6,000 - 8,000 5,800 - 8,000 7,000 - 8,500
Five-star FFE 870 - 1,050 890 - 1,100 940 - 1,050 600 - 800 500 - 650 550 - 700
Four-star FFE 725 - 950 700 - 950 750 - 950 350 - 600 300 - 500 350 - 550
Three-star FFE 550 - 700 550 - 750 550 - 750 200 - 350 200 - 300 200 - 350
Industrial 825 - 1,250 950 - 1,450 950 - 1,400 3,200 - 4,800 3,500 - 5,000 3,500 - 5,000
Data centres 5,050 - 9,750 5,400 - 9,900 5,400 - 10,000 17,000 - 23,000 18,000 - 25,000 18,000 - 25,000
Hong Kong Japan Singapore Thailand Indonesia
(HKD) (Yen) (SGD) (Baht) (Rupiah)
Hong Kong Tokyo Singapore Bangkok Jakarta
Offices High-rise 22,000 - 31,000 500,000 - 625,000 2,793 - 3,103 31,500 - 37,200 11,000,000 -17,000,000
Medium-rise 17,000 - 22,500 450,000 - 500,000 2,122 - 2,723 26,600 - 34,600 9,000,000 -16,000,000
Low-rise 15,000 - 19,000 325,000 - 425,000 1,712 - 2,022 24,200 - 31,175 8,000,000 -14,000,000
Retail malls 23,000 - 33,500 n/a 1,933 - 2,022 28,300 - 35,250 6,000,000 - 8,500,000
Residential High-rise 22,500 - 32,500 n/a 2,122 - 4,344 35,000 - 75,000 8,000,000 - 22,000,000
Medium-rise 16,000 - 19,000 n/a n/a 24,500 - 40,000 6,800,000 - 17,000,000
Townhouses 20,000 - 26,000 n/a 2,522 - 3,133 22,000 - 25,000 9,500,000 - 17,000,000
Villas/houses 46,500 - 60,000+ n/a 3,133 - 4,144 26,550 - 38,000 9,500,000 - 17,000,000
Hotels Five-star 33,500 - 44,000 550,000 - 700,000 3,833 - 4,844 57,200 - 74,000 20,000,000 - 28,000,000
Four-star 30,500 - 33,500 450,000 - 550,000 3,233 - 4,044 53,200 - 57,150 13,000,000 - 15,000,000
Three-star 25,500 - 30,500 350,000 - 450,000 3,003 - 3,303 45,350 - 52,000 10,500,000 - 12,800,000
Five-star FFE inc above 100,000 - 130,000 inc above 11,250 - 18,000 4,000,000 - 6,000,000
Four-star FFE inc above 80,000 - 100,000 inc above 8,700 - 13,250 1,800,000 - 3,000,000
Three-star FFE inc above 60,000 - 70,000 inc above 6,650 - 9,000 1,250,000 - 2,000,000
Industrial 14,500 - 21,000 225,000 - 325,000 1,111 - 1,972 16,800 - 23,800 6,000,000 - 9,500,000
Data centres n/a 1,150,000 - 1,300,000 8,088 - 12,132 120,000 - 185,000 35,000,000 - 60,000,000
Notes:
Australia: Industrial buildings assume PCC frame and exclude office provisioning.
Australia, China and Singapore: Costs exclude GST/VAT.
Offices: Rates assume prestige CBD standard.
Data centres: Costs dependent on Kw/m2.
Industrial: Excludes equipment.
Hotels: OS&E costs excluded.
www.curriebrown.com8 Focus June 2021 Insight
A momentous decade in
addressing the carbon challenge
The year 2020 marked the start of They envisage catastrophe, and point Increasing external
a momentous decade in terms of to significant recent crises including
climate change and its implications for
pressure
fires, floods, extreme weather events
the global population. and the melting glaciers and polar Pressure on the construction sector is
regions to support the drive towards increasing, principally from regulators
Policymakers throughout the
massive changes in the way we live. and asset owners, operators and
developed world are working towards
users.
a range of deadlines targeting the If there has been a single tipping-point
dramatic reduction of carbon use, in the carbon debate it is now. After It has been estimated that buildings
whether cutting the use of coal, oil or years of debate, possibly encouraged of all types account for around 30 per
gas for light and cooling purposes, in 2007 by Al Gore’s documentary An cent of total warming emissions. That
or the large-scale conversion of road Inconvenient Truth, governments are has sparked increasing pressure on
traffic from conventional to electric acknowledging the need to set real the sector to look at every aspect of
vehicles. deadlines for large-scale reduction of construction and development across
carbon emissions and other warming new-build and refurbishment projects.
For environmental campaigners, the
gases. The first of such deadlines
changes cannot come soon enough.
comes into effect before 2030.
www.curriebrown.com9 Focus June 2021 Insight
Three priority areas for cost are capital, operation and disposal.
This encompasses tasks such as design, sourcing of materials and using
new technologies to reduce carbon dependence. Trends include the growing
expectation for materials to be sourced as close as possible to the site. The trend
is also towards building ‘off site’, pre-fabricating large sections of buildings and
Capital costs: fit-out materials, to reduce on-site activity that can have significant carbon impact.
Managing initial New technologies such as 3D printing are increasingly under assessment, with
successful pilots completed in Dubai and Shanghai, for example.
impact
Embedding low-carbon ideology in design from the outset means owners and
investors reap the rewards in profitability, longer-term cost control and reduced
costs of disposal.
Assuming new buildings are designed and built with low or even negligible
carbon impact, focus shifts to operational cost. At the planning stage, funders
and developers calculate the whole-life cost of a building, including in terms of
conventional economics.
Operation costs:
Environmental ‘cost’ is an extension of this process. Aspects for consideration
Focus on future including environmentally friendly power sources and reduced energy consumption.
proofing The solutions lie in areas such as the ready availability of renewable energy and its
design and flexible use.
Examples include the integration of proper insulation, heat recycling, the use of
locally based solar or wind-driven power – unless such renewable energy sources
are available from the grid. Each makes a significant difference to the ongoing
costs of running a building, as well as reducing its carbon footprint.
If disposal is by transfer of ownership to a buyer, value can be maintained if the
building adheres to modern regulatory expectation as well as that of residents or
tenant companies for commercial buildings.
Disposal costs: Charges for dumping construction-related waste continues to soar. If the disposal
involves demolition and replacement, use of recyclable materials in original
Value considerations construction will significantly reduce disposal costs.
The ‘virtuous circle’ – for ways to reduce carbon. A key both tenant businesses and residents.
route is by ‘retrofitting’ materials and Efficient heating, cooling or lighting
optimising costs and technologies, delivering significant and their control systems mean
environmental impact positive effects. Examples include lower bills. Lower-carbon buildings
A ‘virtuous circle’ brings together benefits improving insulation, replacing help businesses meet their own
in capital and whole-life costs, as well as conventional heating and cooling environmental targets and generate
to the environment. Key to achieving this systems and fuel sources, and ‘feel-good’ factors among staff. It’s
positive outcome is all stakeholders – installing more efficient lighting and air- worth noting that the ‘silent majority’ –
designer, developer and asset investor, conditioning controls. office workers – may decide with their
operator and end user – working towards Retrofitting may seem less exciting feet in which building they would prefer
a common goal. to work. Invariably, the preference will
than new-build investment, but it can
be for a comfortable, well-designed and
Owners of existing buildings face make a massive impact on carbon
energy-efficient workplace with high
different but similar challenges. reduction, and also make buildings
indoor air quality.
Designers and operators are looking significantly more attractive to users,
www.curriebrown.com10 June 2021 Insight
Growing ‘new’
economies, led by China
but including India and
Indonesia, for example,
are heavily dependent
on carbon fuels such
as coal to support their
massive and much more
recent industrial growth
Regional variations, commitment to change. Those two Capital is following the trend towards
nations account for 40 per cent of the low-carbon activity. The election of
shared global vision
world’s carbon emissions. President Biden has led in turn to
Critics argue that the mature a firm US commitment to renew its
In the Middle East, the policy
economies of the West may find efforts to tackle climate change, with
commitments of major oil producers
it easier to de-carbonise, given new targets set for reducing emissions
such as Saudi Arabia and the United
the extent to which they have ‘de- and, for example, encouraging
Arab Emirates to shift away from their
industrialised’ and shifted to service- the switch away from the internal
dependency on carbon and towards
based activities over time. Growing combustion engine. The US fund
renewables speak volumes in terms
‘new’ economies, led by China but management giant BlackRock recently
of the way climate issues impact on
including India and Indonesia, for warned that it may dump investments
policy. The major Gulf Co-operation
example, are heavily dependent on in companies that do not respond
Council economies are investing
carbon fuels such as coal to support effectively to the net zero carbon
heavily in solar power and other forms
their massive and much more recent challenge, reflecting the growing
of alternative fuel, a trend that would
industrial growth. climate activism within the financial
not have been imagined during the
There is evidence, however, that sector.
‘peak oil’ period of recent decades.
those nations can leverage new In Glasgow later this year the COP26
There are many key drivers for all this.
technologies to effectively help conference will attract world leaders
Firstly, modern economies need to
their economies leapfrog towards to commit further to stepping up
diversify away from dependency on
renewable energy more quickly than measures to tackle the looming
any single major industry. The world
the major powers of the West. China crisis. How we build in future, and the
will continue to need oil and gas for
signed up to the Paris Agreement of techniques and materials we use, will
decades to come, but that must be
2015, and is renewing its commitment be at the heart of that debate, which
balanced to reduce harmful overall
to tackle climate change (despite it is hoped will generate targeted
emissions. Most of the oil-producing
recently requesting a longer roadmaps more than ‘feel-good’ wish
nations recognise that. The move
timeframe), just as the United States lists.
towards electric vehicles is likely to
has emerged from the Trump era
become unstoppable and will disrupt
to re-engage with the international
the petro-economies of the Middle East.
www.curriebrown.com11 Offices June 2021 Insight
Currie & Brown offices
Australia France Oman United Kingdom United States
Brisbane Paris Muscat Belfast Arizona (Phoenix)
+61 7 3835 8540 +33 173 015 100 +968 2439 1947 +44 2890 765 959 +1 609 933 7541
Melbourne Hong Kong Peru Birmingham California
+61 3 9691 0000 Hong Kong Lima (Los Angeles)
+44 121 647 6220
Sydney +852 2833 1939 +51 1758 9740 +1 213 793 5297
+61 2 9252 4420 Bristol
India Republic of Ireland +44 117 926 0785 California
Channel Islands Bangalore Dublin Cambridge
(San Francisco)
Jersey +91 80 4116 2435 +353 1284 3300 +1 562 221 8847
+44 1223 454 500
+44 1534 720 326 Chennai Singapore Cardiff Florida (Miami)
China +91 44 4553 6506 Singapore +1 612 263 9793
+44 29 2083 9180
Beijing Hyderabad +65 6221 7288 Minnesota
+86 10 6523 1550 +91 40 6677 8789 Edinburgh
Spain +44 131 313 7810 (Minneapolis)
Chengdu Mumbai Madrid +1 612 263 9793
+86 28 8200 8618 +91 86 5574 9551 Exeter
+34 91 391 3544 Nevada (Reno)
+44 1392 813 040
Chongqing New Delhi
Taiwan Glasgow +1 503 916 9915
+86 23 8672 9088 +91 11 4106 0341
Taipei +44 141 342 2120 New Jersey
Guangzhou Italy +88 62 2555 5886
+86 20 3877 3990 Haywards Heath (Princeton)
Treviso +1 609 759 7000
Shanghai +39 042 227 7705 Thailand +44 144 471 9020
+86 21 6426 3883 Bangkok Leeds New York
Japan +66 2 632 6500 +44 113 244 2069 (New York City)
Shenyang Tokyo
+86 24 3109 9079 United Arab London +1 646 460 3791
+316 3442 6642
Shenzhen Emirates +44 20 7061 9000 Oregon (Portland)
+86 755 8301 8156 Kingdom of Saudi Abu Dhabi Manchester +1 503 567 5028
Arabia +971 2 671 6265 +44 161 832 9497
Wuhan Utah (Salt Lake City)
Riyadh Dubai
+86 27 8580 2996 Milton Keynes +1 385 240 2991
+966 11 455 0533 +971 4 295 5198 +44 1908 470 658
Colombia Washington (Tacoma)
Mexico Norwich
Bogotá +1 253 267 0637
Mexico City +44 160 366 6433
+57 1358 2646
+52 55 52 81 5588
Plymouth
+44 175 227 8100
Southampton
+44 238 021 3500
Truro
+44 187 230 6038
www.curriebrown.comYou can also read
