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Business & Economics 2019 P O S T G R A D U AT E GUIDE ANU College of Business & Economics
J O I N U S AT A N U
CONTENTS
Join us at ANU 3
Australia’s finest
The postgraduate advantage 4 For over 70 years, the Australian National University (ANU) has worked to realise the ambitions of its visionary
founders to become Australia’s finest research institution.
Graduate outcomes 5
Employability6 We now invite you to join our community of world-leading academics, alumni and students who make us
Study options 9 Australia’s #1 university, and #24 in the world.1
Accounting 10 Our mission is to provide Australia with intellectual leadership on critical issues. Our influence in global research
Actuarial studies and statistics 16 and teaching has made us Australia’s most international university, and our dedication to our students has
placed them among Australia’s most employable graduates.2
Business and management 22
Economics 32 We are committed to excellence in our education, student outcomes and experience.
Finance 38
You are committed to better outcomes for your community, the environment, our nation and the world.
Graduate research 44
Embrace your global citizenship in our inclusive, open and respectful community. Learn from research as it
Support for success 46
happens, create in our state-of-the-art facilities, unlock your future and change the world.
How to apply 47
English language requirements 48
First published June 2018 by the Division of Student Recruitment, the
Australian National University. CRICOS provider number: 00120C.
No undertakings are binding on the university unless they are obtained ANU is ranked #1 in International outlook Highest on Quality on Life Index
in an official letter from the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic). The Australia and #24 in One of the highest in Canberra has the highest Quality of
university may vary the ATARs, other entrance scores and requirements, the world1 Australia2 Life Index rate in the world3
content and availability of programs and courses, and costs and
charges applied to the courses outlined in this guide. The university
reserves the right to change the contents of courses and not to offer all
courses listed in this guide.
The photos in this guide are by the Australian National University unless
otherwise indicated.
5-star maximum rating More than just the capital city High-ranking subjects
For student demand, student Home to national festivals like the National Seven ANU subjects are ranked in
retention, student–teacher ratio and Multicultural Festival, with plenty of other the top 10 in the world, 26 are in the
staff qualifications4 community events on throughout the year top 50, and 13 are number one in
Australia5
“Well above” world standard 6 Nobel Laureates One of the highest average
95% of of broad-field research at ANU ANU counts six Nobel academic staff-to-student ratios
is rated above or well above world Laureates among our staff and among Australia’s leading universities7
standard6 alumni
1. QS World University Rankings 2019.
2. Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019 “international outlook” indicator;
and Times Higher Education Global University Employability Ranking 2018.
3. Numbeo Quality of Life Index in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
4. QS World University Rankings 2019.
5. QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019.
6. Australian Government Excellence in Research for Australia Report 2015.
7. Good Universities Guide 2019.
2019 Postgraduate Guide 3
T H E P O S T G R A D U AT E A D VA N TA G E G R A D U AT E O U T C O M E S
84% of Average income
Level up
graduates reported for CBE graduates with a
their qualification postgraduate degree
prepared them “very was approximately
well” or “well” for $86,000
employment
59% of 38% of
CBE graduates CBE graduates
are employed are employed
with a postgraduate
in the private in the public
sector sector
qualification
Source: 2016 Graduate Outcomes Survey: ANU College of Business and Economics.
Employers of CBE graduates and alumni
Accenture Boston Consulting Group Hewlett Packard Reserve Bank of China
Most employable graduates
Alibaba Centre for International HSBC Reserve Bank of Fiji
Economics
Amazon IBM Reserve Bank of New
At the ANU College of Business and Economics (CBE), we take your success very seriously. Australian National University Chanel Taiwan Inc. Zealand
American Express Indonesian Stock Exchange
(ANU) graduates are among the most employable of all Australian university graduates. According to the 2017 Global University China Unicom Reserve Bank of Vanuatu
Employability Survey results, ANU graduates work in a wide range of industries including accounting, legal, finance and investment ANZ Bank International Monetary Fund
services, central government administration and consulting firms. CITIC Bank Rio Tinto
Apple Inc. JP Morgan Chase
Commonwealth Bank Standard Chartered Bank
The 2016 Graduate Outcomes Survey shows that the majority of graduates from CBE secure full-time employment soon after Asian Development Bank KPMG
completing their studies, and report high job satisfaction. DBS Bank Tata Asset Management
Audi LinkedIn
Dell Tencent
Australian Public Service L’Oreal
Deloitte Thomson Reuters
A superior, research-led education Baidu
Baker Tilly International
Deutsche Bank
MediaCorp TV
Mercedes-Benz
Toshiba
Through your study with CBE, you will have the opportunity to learn from some of the finest academic minds in the world. You will Dixon Advisory TripAdvisor
Bank Indonesia National Australia Bank (NAB)
explore intricate ideas, gain skills to critically analyse and solve complex problems, and discover innovative leadership styles and new EY UN Women Australia
models of management. You will gain the knowledge, experience and skills to become a leader. Bank of China Panasonic
Fairfax Media Limited Unilever
Bank of Mongolia Philips
Flight Centre United Nations
Bentleys NSW Procter & Gamble
Get connected BMW Australia
Goldman Sachs
PwC
Westpac Banking Corporation
Google Inc.
Building a network that you can rely on takes more than hard work. ANU attracts exceptional and talented people from Australia, the BNP Paribas Reserve Bank of Australia
wider Asia–Pacific region and the world. As an ANU student, you will have opportunities to build your professional networks, giving
you the competitive edge when it comes to advancing your career. Many of our courses are developed in consultation with industry
partners, to ensure that the skills and knowledge you acquire through your study can be applied to real-world situations. Top five industries in which Top 10 occupations for CBE
CBE alumni work alumni
»» Accounting services »» Accountant
»» Banking »» Analyst/finance analyst/financial planner
»» Central government administration »» CEO
»» Management advice and related consulting services »» CFO
»» State government administration »» Consultant
Source: 2017 data from ANU Alumni database.
»» Director
»» Economist
»» Manager
»» Partner
»» President/vice president
Source: 2017 data from ANU Alumni database.
4 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 5
E M P L O YA B I L I T Y
Your student journey
Real-world
skills We prepare you from day one
ANU offers a range of services to ensure our
students succeed at university.
Across the world, demand for business and economic »» Academic workshops
»» Program advice sessions
graduates is escalating in industry, business and »» Student networking events
»» Set4ANU orientation program
Photo: Holly Treadaway
government. »» Student clubs and societies
Real-life skills
Our programs offer real-world experience through
anu.edu.au/study/student-experience
innovative course design, and award-winning
Studying at CBE will provide you with skills and attributes that internship and professional development programs.
»» CBE Internship Program
will remain relevant and keep you competitive in the evolving job »» Australian National Internships Program
»» MomentuM
market.
Take an internship with the award-winning CBE Internship Program.
The internship program gives students an opportunity to undertake
an internship in either Semester 1 or Semester 2 as an elective for
CBE I N T ER N S H I P
PR O G R A M
course credit. Each internship is a project-based arrangement,
which the intern will complete under the guidance of a workplace Photo: Holly Treadaway
supervisor, as well an academic supervisor.
Job ready
cbe.anu.edu.au/study/internship
Embrace opportunities to expand your professional
skills and become job ready.
»» Industry networking events
Examples of CBE Internship Program host organisations »» Career fairs
Community of business leaders
»» Recruiter in Residence
»» Career consultations Our graduates are lifelong members of our alumni
Australia China Business Council – Canberra Business Chamber Optus community stretching across the globe.
ACT Branch »» Job listings
Conservation Council ACT Pharmacy Guild of Australia »» We have over 22,000 alumni
Australian Chamber of Commerce & Cushman & Wakefield PwC »» Our alumni work and live in 90+ countries
Industry
»» Our graduates are ranked as among the most
Embassy of Mexico Royal Australian Mint
Australian Institute of Health and employable in Australia*
Welfare Innovate Canberra Transport Canberra
* Times Higher Education Global University Employability
Australian Research Alliance for Invest Canberra UnitingCare Australia Ranking 2018
Children and Youth National Australia Bank Note: Internship hosts can change each
intake based on business requirements and
BAE Systems National Disability Insurance Agency availability of internship projects. anu.edu.au/students
6 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 7
Study
options
Postgraduate program offerings
Program Program code CRICOS Duration Annual domestic Annual international Commences Page
code (full-time) fee ($A) fee ($A) number
Master of Accounting 7414XMACCT 050800J 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 12
Master of Professional Accounting 7413XMPACC 050799G 1.5 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 13
Master of Commerce (Advanced) VCOMM 093294M 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 14
Graduate Certificate of Accounting 6459XGCACC 052700G 0.5 years 16,944 22,800 S1 & S2 15
Master of Actuarial Practice 7420XMACTP 079658E 2.5 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 18
Master of Actuarial Studies 7410XMACTS 050802G 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 only 19
Master of Statistics MSTAT 082353G 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 20
Graduate Certificate of Finance CFAS 082257G 0.5 years 16,944 22,800 S1 & S2 21
and Actuarial Statistics
Master of Business Administration MBADM 091188G 1.5 years 33,888 45,600 S1 only 24
Master of Business Information MBINS 050796M 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 25
Systems
Master of Entrepreneurship and MEINV 091185K 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 26
Innovation
Master of International MIMGT 088059J 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 27
Management
Master of Leadership MLEAD 091186J 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 28
Master of Marketing Management MMKMT 091184M 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 29
Master of Project Management MPROM 082344G 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 30
Graduate Certificate of GCMGT 030000G 0.5 years 16,944 22,800 S1 & S2 31
Management
Master of Applied Economics MAPEC 082269C 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 34
Master of Economic Policy MECPO 082289K 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 35
Master of Economics MECON 082290F 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 36
Graduate Certificate of Economics CECON 082256G 0.5 years 16,944 22,800 S1 & S2 37
Graduate Diploma of Economics DECON 082263J 1 year 33,888 45,168 S1 & S2 37
Master of Applied Finance 7421XMAPFN 079659D 1.5 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 40
Master of Finance 7418XMFIN 039762C 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 41
Master of Financial Economics MFIEC 086226D 2 years 33,888 45,600 S1 only 42
Master of Financial Management MFINM 029316G 1 year 33,888 45,600 S1 & S2 43
Note
The majority of graduate courses are worth six units. However, some research courses, for example the master’s subthesis options in the Master of Commerce (Advanced),
are worth more: either 12, 18 or 24 units. Courses with a unit value other than six are indicated in this guide.
8 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 9
Overview
Accounting
Students wishing to study accounting at the master degree level have three options. The Master of Professional Accounting,
completed in one and a half years of full-time study, is for students who wish to achieve the education entry requirements of the
Australian professional accounting bodies. This program is not suitable for students who already meet the entry requirements of
the Australian professional accounting bodies.
The two-year Master of Accounting provides a route for students without prior study in accounting to achieve the education
Accounting
entry requirements of the Australian professional accounting bodies. For students with prior accounting studies, this program
allows them to undertake advanced accounting courses.
Both the Master of Accounting and the Master of Professional Accounting are accredited by CPA Australia and Chartered
Accountants Australia and New Zealand.
The Master of Commerce (Advanced) is for students who are interested in undertaking research in accounting.
Introductory program in accounting
For students wanting an introduction to accounting without committing to a master program, we offer the 24-unit Graduate
Certificate of Accounting (usually completed in one semester of full-time study). This program also provides options for students
who may need additional courses to achieve the education entry requirements of the Australian professional accounting bodies.
Information for overseas-trained accountants
With continuing high global demand for qualified accountants, our accounting Applicants with accounting qualifications from countries outside Australia can achieve the education entry requirements of the
programs provide graduates with a wide range of career opportunities in Australian professional accounting bodies through one of our graduate accounting programs.
accounting firms, government departments, banking and finance organisations, Entry requirements
corporations and other related accounting fields. For entry into the Master of Accounting and Master of Professional Accounting, applicants must have an Australian bachelor
degree with a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 5.0/7, or the international equivalent.
For the Master of Professional Accounting, applicants must also have completed undergraduate subjects in at least one
cognate discipline (see below).
For entry into the Graduate Certificate of Accounting, applicants must have an Australian bachelor degree with a minimum GPA
Our programs of 4.5/7, or the international equivalent.
For entry into the Master of Commerce (Advanced), applicants must have an Australian bachelor degree with a minimum GPA
>> Master of Accounting
of 6.0/7, or the international equivalent.
>> Master of Professional Accounting All students must also satisfy the university’s English language admission requirements—see page 48.
>> Master of Commerce (Advanced)
>> Graduate Certificate of Accounting Cognate disciplines
Accounting, Actuarial Studies, Business, Business Information Systems, Computer Science, Economics, Finance, International
Business, Mathematics, Management, Marketing, Statistics.
Professional
accreditation
10 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 11
MASTER OF ACCOUNTING MASTER OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING
Program code: 7414XMACCT CRICOS code: 050800J Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul) Program code: 7413XMPACC CRICOS code: 050799G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul)
Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time Duration: One and a half years full-time, three years part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y
>> Integrate contemporary and advanced theoretical and technical Including courses that satisfy the requirements of CPA Australia and >> Integrate advanced theoretical and technical accounting knowledge Including courses that satisfy the requirements of CPA Australia and
accounting knowledge in a business context. Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand in a business context, including an understanding of developments Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand
in accounting and accounting research.
>> Understand and synthesise a broad range of accounting issues
through the lens of accounting and business research. Year Semester 1 Semester 2
Year Semester 1 Semester 2 >> Exercise judgement under minimal supervision to analyse and
>> Exercise judgement under minimal supervision to analyse and 1 Financial Statements & Reporting Management Accounting & Cost provide possible solutions to emerging and advanced accounting 1 Financial Statements & Reporting Business Association Law
provide possible solutions to emerging and advanced accounting Analysis problems in complex contexts. Introductory Statistics for Management Accounting & Cost
Commercial Law
problems in complex contexts using, where appropriate, social, Business & Finance Analysis
Introductory Statistics for Corporate Accounting >> Critically apply advanced theoretical and technical accounting
ethical, economic, regulatory, sustainability, governance and/or Business & Finance Business Economics knowledge and skills to evaluate complex accounting problems in Applied Foundations of Finance Corporate Accounting
global perspectives. professional and research contexts. Commercial Law Business Economics
Applied Foundations of Finance Business Association Law
>> Critically apply advanced theoretical and technical accounting
2 Contemporary Issues in Accounting Information Systems >> Justify and communicate accounting advice and ideas to both 2 Contemporary Issues in
knowledge and skills to evaluate a range of emerging and advanced Accounting
Accounting specialists and non-specialists.
accounting problems in professional and research contexts. Auditing & Assurance Services
Corporate Financial Reporting Accounting Information Systems
>> Justify and communicate accounting advice and ideas to both Taxation Law
Financial Statement Analysis Taxation Law
specialists and non-specialists. Sustainability & Corporate Social
Auditing & Assurance Services
Corporate Governance or Responsibility, Accountability
Advanced Managerial Decision & Reporting or Public Sector
Making Accounting & Reporting or
Accounting Analytics
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE The standard program consists of 72 compulsory units. >> Introductory Statistics for Business and Finance
The program consists of 96 units, comprising: >> Accounting Analytics >> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Applied Foundations of Finance
>> Commercial Law >> Management Accounting and Cost Analysis >> Business Economics
24 units of compulsory courses: >> Accounting Information Systems
>> Accounting Information Systems >> Corporate Accounting
>> Business Economics >> Contemporary Issues in Accounting >> Auditing and Assurance Services
>> Financial Statements and Reporting A minimum of 24 units from the following list: >> Taxation Law
>> Commercial Law
>> Applied Foundations of Finance >> Contemporary Issues in Accounting >> Business Association Law
>> Introductory Statistics for Business and Finance >> Taxation Law
>> Corporate Financial Reporting
A minimum of 36 units from the following list:
>> Auditing and Assurance Services
>> Public Sector Accounting and Reporting >> Business Association Law
>> Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, Accountability
>> Advanced Managerial Decision Making
and Reporting
>> Management Accounting and Cost Analysis A maximum of 12 units from the following list:
>> Financial Statement Analysis
>> Analysis of Financial Reporting
>> Corporate Governance
>> Commerce Research Report
>> Corporate Accounting
I I
I enjoyed everything
I I about ANU—the flexible
timetable, the lecturers, the
opportunities to make new
friends. It gave me the future career
that I wanted. My advice to students is
to spend time finding out what you’re
good at. Understand how you learn
best, and use that in your study.
Harry Hoang
Master of Professional Accounting
Executive of the Year,
Australian Accounting Awards 2018
Photo: supplied
12 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 13
M A S T E R O F C O M M E R C E ( A D VA N C E D ) G R A D U AT E C E R T I F I C AT E O F A C C O U N T I N G
Program code: VCOMM CRICOS code: 093294M Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul) Program code: 6459XGCACC CRICOS code: 052700G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul)
Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time Duration: Six months full-time, one year part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y
>> Integrate advanced theoretical and technical accounting knowledge >> Demonstrate accounting knowledge in a business context and
in a business context, including issues in accounting research and Year Semester 1 Semester 2 understanding of recent developments in accounting. Year Semester 1
research methods in accounting. 1 Financial Statements & Reporting Management Accounting & Cost >> Exercise judgement under minimal supervision to analyse and 1 Financial Statements & Reporting
>> Exercise independent judgement to analyse and provide possible Commercial Law Analysis provide possible solutions to varied accounting problems. Applied Foundations of Finance
solutions to emerging and advanced accounting problems in Business Economics Business Association Law Introductory Statistics for
complex contexts using, where appropriate, social, ethical, >> Critically apply accounting knowledge and skills to evaluate a range Business & Finance
Introductory Statistics for Corporate Accounting of accounting problems in a professional context.
economic, regulatory, sustainability, governance and/or global Business & Finance Commercial Law
Contemporary Issues in Accounting
perspectives. >> Communicate accounting ideas to both specialists and non-
>> Critically apply advanced theoretical and technical accounting 2 Seminar in Research Method in Master’s subthesis (18 units) specialists.
Commerce
knowledge and research-based skills to evaluate emerging and Seminal Research in Accounting
advanced accounting problems, and to conduct a research-based Analysis of Financial Reporting
project. Econometrics 1: Econometric
Methods
>> Justify and communicate accounting ideas and theoretical issues to STRUCTURE
both specialists and non-specialists. Master’s subthesis (6 units)
The program consists of 24 units to be chosen from the following list: >> Corporate Financial Reporting
>> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Corporate Accounting
>> Contemporary Issues in Accounting >> Accounting Analytics
STRUCTURE >> Public Sector Accounting and Reporting >> Commercial Law
>> Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility, Accountability and >> Auditing and Assurance Services
The program consists of 96 units, comprising: >> Financial Statement Analysis Reporting >> Business Association Law
>> Corporate Financial Reporting >> Taxation Law
66 units from the following list: >> Applied Foundations of Finance
>> Accounting Analytics >> Management Accounting and Cost Analysis
>> Contemporary Issues in Accounting >> Business Economics
>> Auditing and Assurance Services >> Financial Statement Analysis
>> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Introductory Statistics for Business and Finance
>> Business Association Law >> Corporate Governance
>> Corporate Accounting
>> Business Economics
>> Commercial Law
>> Analysis of Financial Reporting 6 units from completion of either:
>> Seminar in Research Method in Commerce >> Econometrics 1: Econometric Methods or P R O F E S S I O N A L A C C R E D I TAT I O N S
>> Master’s subthesis (Commerce) (24 units) >> Regression Modelling
To meet the education requirements for associate membership with >> Business Association Law
>> Introductory Statistics for Business and Finance
6 units from the following list: both CPA Australia and Chartered Accountants Australia and New >> Corporate Accounting
Zealand, and for entry into the Chartered Accountants Australia and
18 units from the following list: >> Advanced Managerial Decision Making >> Commercial Law
New Zealand CA program, a student must hold one of the following
>> Public Sector Accounting and Reporting >> Seminal Research in Accounting ANU degrees: >> Contemporary Issues in Accounting
>> Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, Accountability >> Taxation Concepts and Issues >> Applied Foundations of Finance
>> Master of Accounting
and Reporting >> Corporate Governance: Research Preparation
>> Master of Professional Accounting >> Introductory Statistics for Business and Finance
>> Taxation Law >> Advanced Auditing and Assurance Services >> Business Economics
>> Management Accounting and Cost Analysis with passes in:
>> Taxation Law
>> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Auditing and Assurance Services*
>> Accounting Information Systems
* Students have the option of completing Auditing and Assurance
>> Management Accounting and Cost Analysis Services at university or in the CPA Program.
P R O G R E S S I O N S TA N D A R D
Students must pass and achieve a minimum 70% weighted average mark in the first 48 units attempted to remain enrolled in the Master of Commerce
(Advanced).
If the total number of units attempted exceeds 48 in the same teaching period in which the 48th unit is attempted, exactly 48 units will be used in
the calculation of the weighted average mark, with units from the course with the highest mark applied first, followed by further units from courses in
descending order of marks.
Students who do not achieve a minimum 70% weighted average mark will be transferred to the Master of Accounting or Master of Professional
Accounting program.
14 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 15
Overview
Actuarial Actuarial studies
The Master of Actuarial Studies and Master of Actuarial Practice both enable students to undertake courses that cover some of
the education requirements of the Actuaries Institute.
studies and
Both programs also present the opportunity for students with prior study in the discipline to extend their knowledge to an
advanced academic level. Please see cbe.anu.edu.au/about/professional-organisations-accreditation/actuaries-institute-
requirements for information about the ANU accreditation agreement with the Actuaries Institute.
Statistics
For students seeking a career in statistics, or who are already working in the field and wish to enhance their professional
expertise, the Master of Statistics provides a sequence of courses covering basic statistical skills combined with more
statistics
advanced study in areas such as statistical learning, big data statistics, graphical data analysis, generalised linear modelling and
biostatistics.
Introductory program in actuarial studies and statistics
The Graduate Certificate of Finance and Actuarial Statistics provides a sequence of foundation courses in one of four areas:
Actuarial Statistics, Actuarial Studies, Statistics or Finance. This program is built around a 24-unit (four-course) specialisation—
see page 21.
Entry requirements
Entry into the Graduate Certificate of Finance and Actuarial Statistics requires students to have completed an Australian
The closely aligned disciplines of actuarial studies and statistics present excellent bachelor degree with a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 4.5/7, or the international equivalent. All other programs require
a minimum GPA of 5.0/7.
opportunities for careers in a wide range of workplaces. Qualified actuaries and For direct entry into the Master of Actuarial Practice, Master of Actuarial Studies, and Master of Statistics, students must have
statisticians are in high demand around the world and can command high salaries. completed at least one course at bachelor level in the field of mathematics covering calculus and linear algebra, in addition to
meeting the average grade requirements.
Graduate study in actuarial studies and statistics provides options both for those Students who do not have this mathematics knowledge can enrol in the Graduate Certificate of Finance and Actuarial Statistics
and select Mathematical Foundations for Actuarial Studies as one of their courses in either the Actuarial Statistics or Statistics
with prior study in the disciplines and those seeking to move into a new field. specialisations.
All students must also satisfy the university’s English language admission requirements—see page 48.
Credit and articulation arrangements
Applicants with a bachelor degree in a cognate discipline, or with the relevant graduate certificate, may be eligible for 24 units
Our programs (one semester full-time) of credit. Applicants with an honours degree in a cognate discipline, or with the relevant graduate
diploma, may be eligible for 48 units (one year full-time) of credit.
>> Master of Actuarial Practice
Cognate disciplines
>> Master of Actuarial Studies Finance, Accounting, Business, Economics, Statistics, Actuarial Studies, Mathematics, Business Information Systems,
>> Master of Statistics Management, International Business, Engineering, Physics, Science.
>> Graduate Certificate of Finance and
Actuarial Statistics
Professional
accreditation gstat
Graduate Statistician
16 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 17
MASTER OF ACTUARIAL PRACTICE MASTER OF ACTUARIAL STUDIES
Program code: 7420XMACTP CRICOS code: 079658E Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul) Program code: 7410XMACTS CRICOS code: 050802G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) only
Duration: Two and a half years full-time, five years part-time Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y
Graduates of this program will: Graduates of this program will be able to:
Year Semester 1 Semester 2 Year Semester 1 Semester 2
>> demonstrate key concepts in actuarial studies and related fields, >> demonstrate key concepts in actuarial studies and related fields,
including: 1 Principles of Mathematical Life Contingencies including: 1 Principles of Mathematical Actuarial Techniques
Statistics for Actuarial Studies Actuarial Techniques Statistics for Actuarial Studies Introduction to Stochastic Processes
a. ability to utilise concepts in financial mathematics, including Regression Modelling for
a. ability to utilise concepts in financial mathematics, including Regression Modelling for
the time value of money, annuities, bond and loan calculations Introduction to Stochastic Processes the time value of money, annuities, bond and loan calculations Life Contingencies
Actuarial Studies Actuarial Studies
Financial Statements and Reporting Elective course
b. ability to apply mathematical statistics, regression modelling Financial Mathematics b. ability to apply mathematical statistics, regression modelling Financial Mathematics
and other statistical techniques to actuarial problems Applied Foundations of Finance and other statistical techniques to actuarial problems Elective course
c. ability to describe and apply stochastic processes, survival 2 Actuarial Control Cycle 1 Actuarial Control Cycle 2 c. ability to describe and apply stochastic processes, survival 2 Actuarial Control Cycle 1 Actuarial Control Cycle 2
models and their application in actuarial contexts Survival Models Actuarial Data Analysis models and their application in actuarial contexts Risk Modelling 1 Actuarial Data Analysis
d. ability to model and value cash flows dependent on death, Risk Modelling 1 Risk Modelling 2 d. ability to model and value cash flows dependent on death, Survival Models Risk Modelling 2
survival, illness, retirement, and other contingencies Applied Derivatives Applied Investments survival, illness, retirement, and other contingencies Elective course Elective course
e. ability to apply risk modelling techniques across a variety of 3 Advanced Investments e. ability to apply risk modelling techniques across a variety of
financial situations Business Economics financial contexts
>> apply these key concepts in advanced contexts by integrating Applied Corporate Finance >> analyse and interpret specific business situations so that the correct
technical concepts and business awareness Continuous Time Finance actuarial and other techniques can be applied
>> analyse and interpret specific business situations so that the correct >> utilise critical thinking to solve specific actuarial problems and
actuarial techniques can be applied communicate their results to a relevant audience
>> utilise critical thinking to solve specific actuarial problems and >> apply actuarial research planning and methodology.
communicate their results to a relevant audience
>> apply actuarial research planning and methodology.
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE The program consists of 96 units, >> Actuarial Techniques >> Business
comprising: >> Financial Mathematics >> Economic History
The program consists of 120 units, >> Financial Mathematics >> Research Essay in Actuarial Studies >> Introduction to Stochastic Processes >> Economics
comprising:
Core courses
>> Introduction to Stochastic Processes >> Enterprise Risk Management 1 >> Survival Models >> Econometrics
Core courses 72 units of compulsory courses:
>> Survival Models >> Enterprise Risk Management 2 >> Risk Modelling 1 >> Financial Management
72 units of compulsory courses: >> Actuarial Data Analysis
>> Risk Modelling 1 >> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Risk Modelling 2 >> Management
>> Actuarial Data Analysis >> Actuarial Control Cycle 1
>> Risk Modelling 2 >> Business Economics >> Marketing
>> Actuarial Control Cycle 1 >> Continuous Time Finance
>> Actuarial Control Cycle 2 Elective courses
Elective courses >> Statistics
>> Actuarial Control Cycle 2 >> Principles of Mathematical Statistics for 24 units from completion of 6000-level,
>> Applied Foundations of Finance
48 units from the following list: Actuarial Studies 7000-level and 8000-level courses from the
>> Principles of Mathematical Statistics for >> Applied Corporate Finance
Actuarial Studies >> Regression Modelling for Actuarial following subject areas:
>> Advanced Insurance >> Applied Investments Studies >> Actuarial Studies
>> Regression Modelling for Actuarial >> Advanced Life Insurance >> Applied Derivatives
Studies >> Life Contingencies >> International Business
>> Advanced General Insurance >> Advanced Investments
>> Life Contingencies
>> Advanced Global Retirement Income
>> Actuarial Techniques Systems
P R O G R E S S I O N S TA N D A R D
P R O G R E S S I O N S TA N D A R D Students must achieve a minimum 60% weighted average mark in the first 48 units of courses attempted in order to remain enrolled in the Master
of Actuarial Practice. Students who do not achieve a minimum 60% weighted average mark in the first 48 units will be transferred to the Graduate
Students must achieve a minimum 60% weighted average mark in the first 48 units of courses attempted in order to remain enrolled in the Master Diploma of Business. If the total number of units attempted exceeds 48 in the same teaching period in which the 48th unit is attempted, exactly 48
of Actuarial Practice. Students who do not achieve a minimum 60% weighted average mark in the first 48 units will be transferred to the Graduate units will be used in the calculation of the weighted average mark, with units from the course with the highest mark applied first, followed by further
Diploma of Business. If the total number of units attempted exceeds 48 in the same teaching period in which the 48th unit is attempted, exactly 48 units from courses in descending order of marks.
units will be used in the calculation of the weighted average mark, with units from the course with the highest mark applied first, followed by further
units from courses in descending order of marks.
P R O F E S S I O N A L A C C R E D I TAT I O N
P R O F E S S I O N A L A C C R E D I TAT I O N The Master of Actuarial Studies enables students to undertake a sequence of accredited courses that satisfy certain educational requirements of the
Actuaries Institute. For more information on accreditation, visit
The Master of Actuarial Practice enables students to undertake a sequence of accredited courses that satisfy certain educational requirements of the cbe.anu.edu.au/about/professional-organisations-accreditation/actuaries-institute-requirements
Actuaries Institute. For more information on accreditation, visit
cbe.anu.edu.au/about/professional-organisations-accreditation/actuaries-institute-requirements
18 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 19G R A D U AT E C E R T I F I C AT E O F F I N A N C E
M A S T E R O F S TAT I S T I C S A N D A C T U A R I A L S TAT I S T I C S
Program code: MSTAT CRICOS code: 082353G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul) Program code: CFAS CRICOS code: 082257G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul)
Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time Duration: Six months full-time, one year part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES STRUCTURE
Graduates of the Master of Statistics will be able to: Graduates of the Graduate Certificate of Finance and Actuarial Statistics will be able to: Students must select one of the following 24-
Year Semester 1 Semester 2 unit (four-course) specialisations:
>> demonstrate statistical computing skills for use in quantitative and >> recognise the important role of financial, actuarial and statistical principles and their
data-based problem-solving 1 Econometric Methods & Generalised Linear Models application >> Actuarial Statistics*
Modelling Applied Statistics
>> understand and be able to apply the processes and applications of Principles of Mathematical
>> demonstrate the necessary analytical skills for interpreting and analysing financial, actuarial >> Actuarial Studies*
Graphical Data Analysis
multiple linear regression, survey design, mathematical statistics, Statistics and statistical information >> Finance*
stochastic modelling, generalised linear modelling techniques, the Introduction to Stochastic Processes
Regression Modelling >> demonstrate well-developed insight into Australian and international financial markets. >> Statistics*
principles of data representation, summarisation and presentation, Fundamentals of Econometric >> justify and communicate the necessary management skills for dealing with organisations,
multivariate statistical techniques, and the role and notion of both Methods teams and policy issues, so as to be able to work independently and collaboratively to
parametric and non-parametric statistics
2 Biostatistics Big Data Statistics collect, process, interpret and communicate the outcomes of financial, actuarial and
>> analyse complex problems by running and interpreting time series Statistical Learning Introduction to Bayesian Data statistical problems
models involving dynamic volatility and/or trends Analysis
Applied Time Series Analysis >> demonstrate the skills necessary to critically engage with and evaluate financial, actuarial and
>> analyse and interpret data in various contexts using the appropriate Credibility Theory
Statistical Inference statistical problems.
methodology Advanced Mathematical Statistics
>> work independently and collaboratively to collect, process, interpret
and communicate the outcomes of fundamental research questions
in applied statistics. A C T U A R I A L S TAT I S T I C S ACTUARIAL STUDIES S TAT I S T I C S
Students must complete 24 units from the Students must complete 12 units from the Students must complete 24 units from the
following list: following list: following list:
>> Continuous Time Finance >> Control Cycle 1
STRUCTURE >> Economic Models and Introductory
>> Applied Investments >> Control Cycle 2 Econometrics
The program consists of 96 units, A minimum of 24 units from the following A maximum of 24 units from level 6000, >> Applied Derivatives >> Actuarial Data Analysis >> Business and Economic Forecasting
comprising: list: 7000 and 8000 courses in the following >> Principles of Mathematical Statistics >> Advanced Life Insurance >> Regression Modelling
48 units of compulsory courses: subject areas: >> Life Contingencies >> Advanced General Insurance >> Principles of Mathematical Statistics
>> Survival Models
>> Regression Modelling >> Statistics >> Actuarial Techniques >> Advanced Global Retirement Income >> Life Contingencies
>> Biostatistics Systems
>> Financial Mathematics >> Actuarial Techniques
>> Principles of Mathematical Statistics >> Applied Time Series Analysis >> Econometrics
>> Survival Models >> Research essay in Actuarial Studies >> Financial Mathematics
>> Statistical Inference >> Advanced Stochastic Processes >> Mathematics >> Advanced Investments
>> Introduction to Stochastic Processes >> Applied Statistics
>> Generalised Linear Models >> Stochastic Modelling >> Computing >> Risk Theory and a maximum of 12 units from the following >> Introduction to Stochastic Processes
>> Statistical Learning >> Design of Experiments and Surveys >> Actuarial Studies >> Credibility Theory list: >> Graphical Data Analysis
>> Introduction to Stochastic Processes >> Big Data Statistics >> Financial Management >> Mathematical Foundations for Actuarial >> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Design of Experiments and Surveys
>> Applied Statistics Studies* >> Business Economics >> Generalised Linear Models
>> Introduction to Bayesian Data Analysis
>> Graphical Data Analysis >> Risk Theory >> Continuous Time Finance >> Survival Models
>> Applied Foundations of Finance >> Introductory Statistics for Business and
>> Credibility Theory
FINANCE >> Applied Corporate Finance Finance
>> Advanced Mathematical Statistics >> Applied Time Series Analysis
>> Applied Investments
Students must complete 24 units from the >> Biostatistics
>> Applied Derivatives
following list:
>> Principles of Mathematical Statistics >> Statistical Inference
>> Financial Statements and Reporting >> Life Contingencies >> Risk Theory
>> Business Economics >> Actuarial Techniques >> Credibility Theory
>> Applied Foundations of Finance >> Financial Mathematics >> Applied research essay
>> Applied Corporate Finance >> Survival Models >> Advanced Mathematical Statistics
>> Applied Investments >> Introduction to Stochastic Processes >> Mathematical Foundations for Actuarial
>> Applied Derivatives >> Risk Theory Studies*
>> Applied Valuation >> Credibility Theory >> Applied Foundations of Finance
>> Advanced Corporate Finance
* Students without the requisite mathematics
>> Advanced Investments training for direct entry into one of the master
>> Topics in International Finance programs in Actuarial Studies or Statistics are
>> Derivatives: Markets, Valuation and Risk advised to select Mathematical Foundations for
Management Actuarial Studies to be eligible for articulation
>> Applied Financial Intermediation and Debt into one of those programs.
Markets
>> Applied Portfolio Construction
>> Trading and Markets
>> Applied project in Finance
>> Financial Mathematics
>> Introductory Statistics for Business and
Finance
20 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 21Overview
Business and
Evidence-based management programs
Working with the Center for Evidence-Based Management in the Netherlands, ANU is among the first institutions in the world to
adopt an evidence-based management (EBM) approach to business education.
The ANU EBM approach focuses on creating future-ready leaders who have deep disciplinary knowledge and understanding
to solve today’s problems, and a unique set of analytical skills that enable them to identify, evaluate and apply the best available
management
evidence in order to respond to tomorrow’s challenges—whatever they look like.
To learn more about our EBM approach to business education, please visit rsm.anu.edu.au.
Orientation Week program
The ANU Research School of Management has introduced a tailored Orientation Week program run each semester for our new
postgraduate students. This tailored program is designed to introduce students to their peers, and provide specific information
pertinent to studying a postgraduate program at the ANU Research School of Management. Evidence-based management
is foundational to all our programs and this, along with other facets of our teaching, are introduced during this week. Further
information is available on enrolment.
Entry requirements
We offer eight graduate programs (plus Advanced versions) designed for students
Entry into the Graduate Certificate of Management requires students to have completed an Australian bachelor degree with a
wanting to: minimum grade point average (GPA) of 4.0/7 or higher, or the international equivalent. All other programs require a minimum
GPA of 5.0/7. MBA and MBA (Advanced) programs have additional entry requirements—see page 24.
>> prepare for the next level of leadership
All students must also satisfy the university’s English language admission requirements—see page 48.
>> enhance their management skills, or
Advanced programs
>> take on the challenges of entrepreneurship. Research School of Management masters programs have advanced versions that have higher entry and progression
requirements. Program duration is 96 units, two years full-time, with the final 24 units being a research thesis. Note: The MBA
These programs are professionally oriented, evidence-based courses of study, program is 72 units, and the MBA (Advanced) program is 96 units.
delivered through intimate, interactive seminars and tutorials.
Program duration and credit
Applicants with a bachelor degree or graduate certificate in a cognate discipline may be eligible for a 24-unit (six-month full-time
equivalent) credit for prior learning. A further reduction of up to 24 units may be available for those with a graduate diploma or
Flagship program higher degree in a cognate discipline.
>> Master of Business Administration
Our other programs
>> Master of Business Information Systems
>> Master of Project Management
>> Master of International Management Evidence-based
>>
>>
Master of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Master of Leadership
management
>> Master of Marketing Management programs
>> Graduate Certificate of Management
JOIN THE
REVOLUTION IN
Professional
BUSINESS
accreditation EDUCATION
Photo: GaudiLab, Shutterstock
22 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 23M A S T E R O F B U S I N E S S A D M I N I S T R AT I O N M A S T E R O F B U S I N E S S I N F O R M AT I O N S Y S T E M S
Program code: MBADM CRICOS code: 091188G Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) Program code: MBINS CRICOS code: 050796M Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul)
Duration of MBA: One and a half years full-time, three years part-time Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time
Duration of MBA (Advanced): Two years full-time, four years part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y
Upon successful completion, graduates will have the knowledge and Upon successful completion, graduates will have the knowledge and
skills to: Year Semester 1 Semester 2 skills to: Year Semester 1 Semester 2
>> evaluate and synthesise evidence to inform decision-making 1 Managing in a Global Context Leading People and Change >> evaluate and synthesise evidence to inform decision-making 1 Evidence-Based Management Accounting Information Systems
Technology and Project Entrepreneurship and Innovation Managing in a Global Context Relational Databases
>> create opportunities and novel solutions to organisational Management >> create opportunities and novel solutions to organisational
Strategic Management Marketing & Stakeholder Digital Transformations
challenges Evidence-Based Management challenges
Communication Intelligent Business Analysis:
Organisational Behaviour
>> work effectively with others to resolve challenges Marketing and Stakeholder >> work effectively with others to resolve challenges Technology & Project Models, Processes & Techniques
Communications Management
>> adapt to complex and uncertain situations >> adapt to complex and uncertain situations
{ }
2 Financial Reporting and Analysis Optional thesis 2 Business Analytics for Managers Elective or specialisation
>> engage, inform and influence stakeholders MBA
>> engage, inform and influence stakeholders
Business Economics Optional thesis Networked Information Systems Elective or specialisation
>> incorporate the influence of a changing global environment (Advanced) >> incorporate the influence of a changing global environment
Finance for Business Optional thesis option Enterprise Systems & Strategy Elective or specialisation
>> model ethical behaviour and make principled decisions Managing for Sustainability Optional thesis >> model ethical behaviour and make principled decisions
Digital Strategy, Executive & Elective or specialisation
>> integrate professional knowledge and skills from fellow middle >> apply specialised knowledge and skills in the area of business Operations
managers. information systems.
STRUCTURE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
STRUCTURE
The Master of Business Administration (MBA) program consists of 72 Minimum five years work experience (including at least three years
units of compulsory courses, comprising 24 units from the Management documented management experience). The program consists of 96 units, comprising 24 units from the There is also the option for high-performing students with a distinction
Core, 24 units of Management Essentials and 24 units of Business Management Core, 24 units from Computing Essentials, 24 units from (70%) grade average to enhance their studies by undertaking a thesis
Essentials. With one of the following qualifications or test:
the Business Information Systems specialisation, and either 24 units component. A student must be admitted to the Advanced program
There is also the option for high-performing students with a distinction Either: from completion of one of the following specialisations: before undertaking the thesis. Students need to successfully complete
(70%) grade average to extend their MBA studies by undertaking a thesis the 24-unit thesis component to be awarded a Master of Business
A bachelor degree or international equivalent with a minimum grade point >> Entrepreneurship and Innovation Information Systems (Advanced).
component. A student must be admitted to the Advanced program average (GPA) of 5/7. >> International Business
before undertaking the thesis. Students need to successfully complete
the 24-unit thesis component to be awarded an MBA (Advanced). Or: >> Leadership
An ANU Graduate Certificate of Management with a minimum GPA of >> Marketing
5/7. >> Project Management
Or: or 24 units of electives, subject to individual course prerequisites.
A P P L I C AT I O N S
A minimum Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) score of 600
or higher.
Please note that the MBA program has different entry requirements and
application procedure, which includes additional documentation. Visit the Or:
ANU Master of Business Administration webpage for more information:
A successfully completed Evidence-Based Management EdX
cbe.anu.edu.au/study/programs/MBADM MicroMasters, achieving at least 70% in the final capstone exam.
All applicants must meet the university’s English language admission
requirements for students—see page 48.
The Master of Business Administration program is highly competitive
and has a limit on the number of enrolments in each academic year.
Applicants will be initially assessed on the minimum criteria detailed
above. Where an applicant meets the minimum criteria, they will then
also be ranked based on the merit of their relative work experience,
academic and/or GMAT results.
Meeting the minimum criteria does not guarantee a program offer.
Photo: Paper Monkey
24 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 25M A S T E R O F E N T R E P R E N E U R S H I P A N D I N N O VAT I O N M A S T E R O F I N T E R N AT I O N A L M A N A G E M E N T
Program code: MEINV CRICOS code: 091185K Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul) Program code: MIMGT CRICOS code: 088059J Commencement: Semester 1 (Feb) or Semester 2 (Jul)
Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time Duration: Two years full-time, four years part-time
KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y KEY LEARNING OUTCOMES T Y P I C A L F U L L - T I M E PAT T E R N O F S T U D Y
Upon successful completion, graduates will have the knowledge and Upon successful completion, graduates will have the knowledge and
skills to: Year Semester 1 Semester 2 skills to: Year Semester 1 Semester 2
>> evaluate and synthesise evidence to inform decision-making 1 Evidence-Based Management Strategic Management >> evaluate and synthesise evidence to inform decision-making 1 Managing in a Global Context Leading People and Change
Technology and Project Organisational Behaviour Technology and Project Entrepreneurship and Innovation
>> create opportunities and novel solutions to organisational challenges Management
>> create opportunities and novel solutions to organisational Management
Entrepreneurship and Innovation challenges Strategic Management
>> work effectively with others to resolve challenges Managing in a Global Context Evidence-Based Management
Leading People and Change Organisational Behaviour
>> adapt to complex and uncertain situations Marketing and Stakeholder >> work effectively with others to resolve challenges Marketing and Stakeholder
Communications >> adapt to complex and uncertain situations Communications
>> engage, inform and influence stakeholders
2 Innovation New Venture Creation >> engage, inform and influence stakeholders 2 Managing the Global Supply Managing Across Cultures
>> incorporate the influence of a changing global environment Chain
Business Growth Strategies Applied Entrepreneurship and Asian Business Systems OR The
>> model ethical behaviour and make principled decisions >> incorporate the influence of a changing global environment
Elective or specialisation Innovation International Business Strategies European Business System OR
>> apply specialised knowledge and skills in the area of Elective or specialisation >> model ethical behaviour and make principled decisions Elective or specialisation Global Management Experience
Elective or specialisation
entrepreneurship and innovation. Elective or specialisation >> apply specialised knowledge and skills in the area of international Elective or specialisation Elective or specialisation
business. Elective or specialisation
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
The program consists of 96 units, comprising 24 units from the (70%) grade average to enhance their studies by undertaking a
Management Core, 24 units from Management Essentials, 24 units thesis component. A student must be admitted to the Advanced The program consists of 96 units, comprising 24 units of courses from There is also the option for high-performing students with a distinction
from the Entrepreneurship and Innovation specialisation, and either 24 program before undertaking the thesis. Students need to successfully the Management Core, 24 units from Management Essentials, 24 units (70%) grade average to enhance their studies by undertaking a thesis
units from completion of one of the following specialisations: complete the 24-unit thesis component to be awarded a Master of from the International Business specialisation, and either 24 units from component. A student must be admitted to the Advanced program
Entrepreneurship and Innovation (Advanced). completion of one of the following specialisations: before undertaking the thesis. Students need to successfully complete
>> Business Information Systems the 24-unit thesis component to be awarded a Master of International
>> Business Information Systems Management (Advanced).
>> International Business
>> Entrepreneurship and Innovation
>> Leadership
>> Leadership
>> Marketing
>> Marketing
>> Project Management
>> Project Management
or 24 units of electives, subject to individual course prerequisites.
or 24 units of electives, subject to individual course prerequisites.
There is also the option for high-performing students with a distinction
26 ANU College of Business & Economics 2019 Postgraduate Guide 27You can also read
