CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR - Glynda Bathan Deputy Executive Director Clean Air Asia - Pubdocs.worldbank.org.
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CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR Glynda Bathan Deputy Executive Director Clean Air Asia
Barriers clean energy transition in
transport
• Lack of ambition in setting mitigation goals for the
transport sector in NDCs (i.e. they are not sufficient to
bring the sector’s CO2 emissions in line with the 2
degree scenario)
•
• Limited uptake of policies that favor energy efficient
modes of transport (e.g. vehicle fuel economy
policies, support and incentives for electric vehicles)
but with a few countries starting to put policies in
place
• Emissions increased 2.5% annually between 2010-
2015
2
Increasing CO2 emissions from transport
CarsMotor vehicles
a growing ~ 1 billion
reality today…
in emerging and developing markets…
over 2.5 billion by 2050
Number of vehicles * 1000
• 90%+ of growth in developing, emerging economies
• Opportunity for energy efficiency, green economy innovation
Source: IEA
Half a billion vehicles in ASEAN in 2050
Source: ITPS and CAA, 2014
5
Doubling the efficiency
of the global car fleet by 2050
• Slowing improvement in OECD countries
• Increasing improvement in non-OECD but not enough
• Still far from meeting the GFEI target
Source: IEA/ GFEI, 2017
Average fuel economy in new cars in
ASEAN is relatively high
New cars by size by country in 2015
Source: IEA/ GFEI, 2017. Working Paper 15
Fuel economy policies & instruments
Target group:
Consumer
Consumer
Monetary information
Fiscal Labelling
instruments
FE
Regulatory
Fuel economy or
CO2 emission
standards Manufacturer
Fuel economy policies work
Baseline Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy and Trends for New LDVs Algeria
14 Bahrain
Chile
Liters per 100 kilometers (L/100km) normalized to NEDC Test Cycle
China
12 Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Egypt
10 Ethiopia
EU
Georgia
8 Indonesia
Japan
Kenya
6 Mauritius
Montenegro
Morocco
4 Peru
Philippines
Sri Lanka
2 Tunisia
Uganda
Uruguay
0 US
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025
Source: UNEP, 2017 (unpublished).
11
Hybrid and Electric cars in Sri Lanka • Hybrid and electric cars in 2014 was 56% of the total number of cars • Hybrid-petrol, petrol and diesel vehicles attract 58%, 253% and 345%, respectively, in excise tax • Fully electric vehicles are levied at 25%. 12
CO2-based Feebate Scheme in Mauritius • Feebate scheme in 2011 = fee on cars above 158 CO2g/km starting from 55$ per g/km to 137$ per g/km for cars over 290 CO2 g/km and a rebate starting from 27$ per g/km for cars with CO2 ratings from 91 to 158 CO2g/km and 82$ for cars from 90 CO2g/km and below • From 7l/100km in 2005 to 5.8l/100km in 2014 and rapid increase of new hybrid vehicle sales from 337 in 2011 to 1418 in 2013 14
Direct Fuel Economy Policies in ASEAN Member Countries 15
Feebate Scheme in Singapore
National Environment Agency to introduce the Vehicular Emissions
Scheme (VES) to replace the Carbon Emissions-Based Vehicle Scheme
(CEVS) for all new cars, taxis and newly imported used cars with effect
from 1 January 2018
Source: Singapore Land Transport Authority, 2017
16Vehicle Labeling in Viet Nam • Seven-seater cars and smaller ones are required to carry energy rating labels • Labeling for those with more than seven seats to nine seats will be voluntary until December 31, 2017 and for motorcycles until December 31, 2019 and required on cars from January 1, 2018 and motorcycles from January 1, 2020 17
Labeling and CO2-based Tax in Thailand
• Vehicle excise tax rates Types of Vehicles Fuel type / Tax rates
in Thailand combines CO2/ engine E10/ E85/ Hybrid
capacity E20 NGV
CO2 ratings and engine
Passenger ≤ 100 g/km 30 25 10
capacity vehicles – cars 20
101-150 30 25
• Mandatory eco-sticker and vans with g/km
less than 10
seats 151-200 35 30 25
g/km
>200 g/km 40 35 30
>3,000 cc 50 50 50
~~~~~~
Electric ≤ 3,000 cc 10
vehicle/ fuel (180 Kw)
cell > 3,000 cc 50
(180 Kw)
Source: Energy Policy and Planning Office and Department of
18 Alternative Energy Development, 2015Electric vehicles 19
But, comprises low market share globally (electric cars = about 0.2% of global
car stock)
Source: OECD/IEA. 2016• Support for charging infrastructure
• Fiscal advantages for EVs, tightened fuel economy standards,
measures that give preference to low emissions vehicles (e.g., zero
emission zones in cities, access to high occupancy lanes, parking
privileges)
• Fuel taxes that make conventional fuels more expensive
Source: OECD/IEA. 2016Summary • Governments need to raise ambition levels in NDCs to bring the transport sector back on track with the 2 degree scenario • Implement fuel economy policies to substantially reduce CO2 emissions from light duty vehicles but also for the under-regulated yet high-emitting transport sectors such as heavy-duty freight trucks • Electric mobility initiatives in Asia should focus on modes which are already less energy intensive (e.g. electric buses), taking care not to contribute to congestion, and more importantly using power from clean energy sources • With these measures, we also reduce fossil fuel consumption and national expenditures on fossil fuels and improve air quality and quality of life 22
For more information:
For more information: www.cleanairasia.org
www.cleanairasia.org
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