COVID-19 aftermath More Time Needed to Manifest its Effect on Defence Industry
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DELENG19655/F-2(R-6)Press2018
Vol 2, Issue 9, Apr-Jun 2020
COVID-19 aftermath
More Time Needed to Manifest its
Effect on Defence Industry
Underwater Domain Defence Budget 3D Printing: A Tech
Awareness Framework 2020-21 for Make in India
Start -up India has Whole How to Sustain in Declining To Help Modernise Indian
New Realm Allocation is the Key Defence Forces
KALYANI GROUP ADVANCING towards making India self-reliant. With a comprehensive portfolio of Artillery, Protected vehicles, Armored vehicle upgrades, Ammunition, Missiles and Air defense and Defense electronics, we have developed indigenous components and sub-systems based on the parameters set by the Indian Army. Our in-house capabilities and R&D facility enables us to be innovative and self-reliant. We are a strong believer of Made in India and have successfully implemented it. KALYANI GROUP - proud to be a strong arm of the Armed Forces.
PBG Media Ventures
Editorial
Let the Light Shine on India and the World!!
Contents
Raksha Anirveda Volume 2 | Issue 9 | april - june 2020
14
RNI NO. DELENG/2018/76856
p10 Indian Navy’s SSN strategic programme
The world is currently finally emerge a winner.
Editor & Business Director experiencing an Amid the current gloomy scenario Cover moves ahead in tandem with time?
p22 Project 75 (I): An opportunity to create a
Story
Ajit Kumar Thakur
apocalyptic moment and unprecedented pause in global national strategic asset
Editorial Director p26 Underwater domain awareness: start-up
PK Ghosh due to the pandemic development, it was heartening to
India has whole new realm
Consulting Editor COVID-19. The impact observe Mother Earth’s positive p30 Defence budget 2020-21, indigenisation
Sri Krishna has been severe, vibration and the nature regaining and exports
Advisory Board widespread and its beauty once again. Fast forward, p42 The blue dot network impact
Amb. Smita Purushottam (Retd) has almost affected one will witness a brand new world p48 3D printing: A technology for Make in India
Air Marshal M Matheswaran (Retd) enabled Indian armed forces
Lt Gen PC Katoch (Retd) every sphere of the global order. emerge that works in unison to achieve p54 Why Moscow is unfazed by New Delhi’s
Lt Gen PR Shankar (Retd) Panic driven, the global response humanitarian goals. growing arms trade with Washington?
Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) to tackle the pandemic crisis due to For India, it’s the perfect time to p58 BrahMos: First supersonic cruise missile
Cmde Anil Jai Singh (Retd) known to be in service
Cdr KP Sanjeev Kumar (Retd) novel Coronavirus has been more like focus with intense depth, visualise the
defexpo 2020: Post event coverage
Dr Mathew Simon a reaction instead of approaching it future, and prepare itself to overcome p60 Mega Expo: Immense opportunities
Amit Cowshish proactively. Hence, uncertainty has the pitfalls and shortcomings that have at display
Sanjay Badri-Maharaj
Sameer Joshi made the fight to control and eliminate been derailing its potential growth story. p74 A robust platform to showcase
the pandemic more prolonged. It needs to explore the opportunities defence prowess
Legal Advisor p76 DefExpo 2020: Experiences and
Ramesh Sharma For India, already reeling under the and scale up its economic strength key takeaways
Global Defence industry
Design & Layout pressure of economic slowdown, the along with its indigenous defence p78 DefExpo 2020 and Make in India
Design Cubicle pandemic crisis has hit it hard and the market and move ahead of competition. p82 iDEX: A nationwide outreach programme
For Advertisement contact us: after effects of it will be experienced Post Covid-19, the revamped focus through indigenous startups for defence
in the Fallout of COVID-19
ajitk.thakur@gmail.com p86 NNetRA – IIT Bombay: Pioneering work in
ajit@raksha-anirveda.com for a longer duration. Caught unaware should be on expanding the indigenous strategic semiconductor technologies
rakshaanirveda@gmail.com and being sluggish in response initially, defence market by creating diversified p88 China’s expanding land, air and
For any complaint and query India has shown the resilience to fight platforms for domestic requirement outer space prowess
contact us:
info@raksha-anirveda.com
back amid its inherent shortcomings and exports, optimisation of dual The COVID-19 outbreak world over has p90 How to develop smart cantonment,
military, air force or a naval station?
ajitk.thakur@gmail.com on many counts. The collaborative technologies as well as innovations. virtually brought the industry and business to a p94 Combating India’s new strategic
efforts of the administration, armed The newly formed defence corridors,
Raksha Anirveda is printed and halt. For defence industry, some more time will challenges: The alternatives
published by PBG Media Ventures forces, research organisations and well equipped with one-stop facilitation p108 Appointments
Published, Edited & Printed by industry in quick time helped India centres (with key role play from both
be needed to manifest its effect p112 News round up
Ajit Kumar Thakur on behalf of p132 In news
‘PBG Media Ventures’
regain the control on sound footing DRDO and private sectors) can act as
649/4, Konark Residency, Nambardar and reaping the benefits while battling a catalyst. The Project 75 (I) can be
Colony, Burari, Delhi -110084 the pandemic. And, so far the result has the springboard to realise the self-
Printed at: Star Print-O-Bind, been encouraging. reliance goal through implementation
Star House, F-31, Okhla Industrial
Area Phase-I, New Delhi-110020 The overwhelming response from of a unique model (private public
Editor: Ajit Kumar Thakur the people of India to PM Modi’s call partnership) and set a benchmark.
All disputes are subjected to the showcased his political capital. One Similarly, there is a need to bring in
jurisdiction of Delhi hopes that in near future, when India fresh perspective and out-of-the-box
Mobile: +91-9910252485
and the world hit the restart button,
albeit slowly to surge again, the
thinking while taking a final call for the
procurement of 114 fighter jets, 111 04 18 34 44 100
combined force of great leadership NUH helicopters and others to meet India’s Submarine Surge The Changing Dynamics Interview: Ola Rignell Interview: Sandeep Agarwal Dark Side of Quantum
Computers
Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of
individual authors and do not represent any
policy of this publication.
on top and the exceptional leadership
on the frontline will bring in the
the armed forces’ requirements and
position India as an emerging defence
in the Indian Ocean of India-EU Relations Chairman & Managing
Director of Saab India has
The Founder and CMD
of Exicom Technologies
-Editor Given the increase in Attending a summit been spearheading the India LLP shifted its Quantum computing
much needed substantial measures. export hub. sub-surface activity in India than in Davos, high degree of company base from New Zealand has long promised the
activities and its long-term
Response And these measures would set in by the Chinese PLA Switzerland by EU Foreign
commitment to India.
to Mumbai four years next major leap forward
in computing power.
Navy and its nexus Policy Chief Joseph ago. The company has
‘Raksha Anirveda’ editorial motion the path to faster recovery, Jai Hind!!. A former pilot with the expertise in Static and However, there is a darker
with the Pakistan Navy, Barell clearly according Swedish Air Force, Rignell
team looks forward to receive overcome the losses incurred during Tactical Wired and Wireless side of it having the
India is fast tracking importance to India-EU has been deeply involved potential to undermine the
comments and views from the Communications for
the existential crisis by a large section the expansion of its strategic relations given in Sweden’s Gripen defence forces foundations of internet
readers on the content of the Ajit Kumar Thakur undersea fleet the importance of IOR programme
of the society and economy and Editor & Business Director
privacy and commerce
magazine.
Raksha Anirveda April - June 2020 3
Raksha Anirveda
absolute power www.raksha-anirveda.com
India’s Submarine Surge
Chinese force projection in the
Indian Ocean,” says the Pentagon.
Pakistani fleet: Small but
in the Indian Ocean
growing
Of growing concern to India is the
expected spike in Pakistan’s sub-
surface fleet which currently stands
Given the increase in sub-surface activity by the Chinese at five French built Agosta class
submarine. After nearly two years
PLA Navy and its nexus with the Pakistan Navy, India is fast of negotiating prices and terms,
tracking the expansion of its undersea fleet. The scratching of in 2016, Islamabad confirmed
the third aircraft carrier means the Navy can now fast track the the purchase of eight Chinese S20
diesel-electric submarines. Four of
expansion of its submarine fleet these will be built in China while at
the same time Chinese personnel
By Rakesh Krishnan Simha will assist Pakistan in building
another four vessels in Pakistan.
The first sub is expected to be
ith the Indian Navy’s plan for a third aircraft carrier not likely to handed over by end-2023 and the
W
materialise, the biggest gainer could be the submarine fleet. The rest will be ready by 2028.
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Bipin Rawat has been quoted as The S20 is an export version
saying, “When we know that there would be two aircraft carriers, and of the Chinese Type 41, which is
if the submarine force is dwindling then our priority should be for an illegal clone of the late model
submarines.” Russian Kilo, which is one of the
INS Arihant
world’s quietest submarines.
Budgetary emergencies force ease. The spearheads of the PLA the Akula class Chakra, and the first with the JL-2, a new submarine-
you to prioritise and currently the Navy are its new and upgraded indigenously built SSBN, INS Arihant. launched ballistic missile with
focus needs to be on fast-moving submarines which have been The majority of the conventional intercontinental range. Also in the
and rapidly deployable assets such frequently spotted in Gwadar port, submarines are over 25 years old, works are the Type 096 and Type
as submarines rather than a large underlining China’s naval nexus and 13 of these vessels are between 093B, both new classes of missile
carrier battle group (CBG) that with its client state Pakistan. 17 and 32 years old, according to a submarines that will enter the fleet
may become rudderless each time According to a report by the parliamentary panel report on defence. in the 2020s.
the carrier goes for maintenance US Office of Naval Intelligence, In just three more years, the Chinese While China’s frenetic
or a refit. India’s newest flat top, China’s submarine force is part submarine strength is expected to reach submarine building activity is
the INS Vikramaditya, is at port at of what Beijing calls “non-contact 79. Even as older noisier subs are being primarily dictated by the US Navy’s
least six month a year. warfare” – the use of weapons and upgraded, the introduction of new pivot into the Pacific, the PLA Navy
While nothing spells deterrence platforms capable of conducting submarines armed either with nuclear is also focusing on the IOR through
like an aircraft carrier with its long-range, precision attacks from or cruise missiles will make the PLA which 70 per cent of Beijing’s
ability to hit hard and far, in the outside an enemy’s defended zone. Navy more lethal. maritime trade as well as its oil
current geopolitical situation, In alignment with that doctrine, The number of attack submarines and gas supplies from the Persian
stealthy submarines can play an the PLA Navy is adding nuclear that can launch anti-ship cruise missile Gulf passes. For years, China has INS Vikramaditya
equally meaty role. The Indian attack submarines (SSNs) and is also increasing significantly. Since been building a network of port
Ocean Region (IOR) is becoming nuclear ballistic missile subs the 1990s, China has built 13 Song- facilities for its nuclear submarines
an area of intense rivalry (SSBN) at an alarming rate. As class attack submarines and 17 Yuan- operating in the Indian Ocean.
“This is a remarkable feat achieved by India, and MDL has indeed grown
between India and China. The per estimates, China currently class ones with diesel-electric air- Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Myanmar, to be among the rarest of shipyards around the world to have mastered the
People’s Liberation Army Navy possesses 53 conventional independent power attack submarines. Bangladesh and Djibouti now unique competence of submarine building. We are glad to partner with
(PLA Navy or PLAN) now has a submarines, five SSNs and Three more Yuans are slated for offer R&R facilities or bases for such a shipyard, which can boast of competence and infrastructure which
near permanent presence in the four SSBNs. deployment in 2020. Chinese subs. “Ultimately, China’s
area with a growing fleet that In comparison India has 15 Strategic missile submarines include submarine operations in the South
allows them to build 12 submarines at a time...”
allows it to rotate warships with conventional, one functional SSN, four new Jin-class ones outfitted Asian littorals portend greater Naval Group’s Senior Executive Vice President Alain Guillou
4 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda April - june 2020 5
Raksha Anirveda
absolute power www.raksha-anirveda.com
Centre for Land Warfare Studies the third Scorpene, with the rest Another important allow the Indian Navy to undertake
(CLAWS), India’s Boeing P-8Is have expected to be built by 2020. The long range patrols outside the IOR.
a good idea of Chinese submarines launch highlights the remarkable
development comes in the After going through a long-
from the moment they enter the success of indigenous submarines form of Project Varsha, learning curve, the country has built
Indian Ocean till they leave. “We totally built by MDL through which involves the the INS Arihant SSBN with secret
fairly know when they come in and technology transfer in line with the Russian assistance. Four follow-on
go. We have mastered operation of Government’s Make in India policy. construction of a nuclear boats are now shaping up and the
the aircraft (P-8I). We have a very The Ministry of Defence stated: submarine base reportedly second boomer INS Aridhaman is
good idea of the route they take.” “The state-of-the-art technology all set to be launched for sea trials.
While aircraft are useful anti- utilised for construction of the at a cost of Rs 30,000 crore. This shows that a certain level of
submarine warfare tools, having a Scorpene class submarines has The base, which is expected technology has been mastered and
strong sub-surface fleet is the most ensured superior stealth features expertise gained.
reliable weapon in the arsenal to such as advanced acoustic
to be ready by 2022, will The baseline design is capable
maintain the upper hand in the IOR. silencing techniques, low radiated have concrete pens that of holding up to 12 K-15 Sagarika
noise levels, hydro-dynamically will offer a safe haven short-range nuclear-tipped ballistic
India’s bold new optimised shape and the ability
for the crown jewels of
missiles, three of which can be
undersea push
to launch a crippling attack on packed into each of the submarine’s
the enemy using precision guided India’s undersea assets four vertical launch tubes. Each
weapons.”
Boeing P-8I The Indian Navy’s fleet of 17 Adding a touch of hyperbole,
submarines is in contrast to the the Naval Group’s Senior Executive
21 subs it had during the 1980s. Vice President Alain Guillou said:
be operated by a small crew of 38 Historically, India had played catch- “This is a remarkable feat achieved
Maritime strategy and can fire 16 torpedoes or cruise up – it was Pakistan that acquired by India, and MDL has indeed
Submarines are critical for sea-denial – refusing missiles, giving Pakistan good value South Asia’s first submarine, in grown to be among the rarest of
the enemy space to navigate and dominate the for money. 1963, while India took the plunge shipyards around the world to have
deep blue. They are the killer wolves of the ocean While Pakistan cannot afford only in 1967. mastered the unique competence
that can decimate enemy fleets without warning to purchase – let alone build – a However, after years of neglect, of submarine building. We are glad
and disappear as stealthily as they surface. nuclear powered submarine, in the Indian Navy’s submarine arm to partner with such a shipyard,
The Indian Navy is fast tracking its submarine
programme in the following context: January 2017 it tested the Babur-3 is in expansion mode. The 30- which can boast of competence and
India’s great power ambitions. nuclear-tipped cruise missile that year submarine construction plan infrastructure which allows them
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s assertion that can be launched from a submarine, launched in 1999 envisaged building to build 12 submarines at a time...”
the Indian Navy is the net security provider giving it a rudimentary nuclear of 24 conventional submarines but Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat
in the IOR; the responsibility of maintaining
security and stability in the region falls on India’s
second strike deterrent. suffered numerous delays. The
current plan is to build 24 subs,
Boomers for deterrence
shoulder.
The increasing size of the PLA Navy submarine Monitoring undersea including six nuclear attack SSNs. While conventional submarines
movements
fleet – both conventional and nuclear armed. These will give the Indian Navy are cheaper and quieter than their
China’s development of modern and the same number of nuclear attack nuclear analogues, the latter are far
increasingly stealthy submarines. submarines as France. superior in every other aspect. They
Pakistan’s plan to more than double its
submarine fleet with Chinese technology stolen In order to keep an eye on Chinese Six new generation attack are faster, more powerful, and more
from Russia’s super silent submarines. fleets, the Navy has deployed eight submarines being built in Mumbai versatile and have a wider range
warships around the entry points in collaboration with French firm since they can stay underwater for
into the IOR. “All the choke and Naval Group, previously known much longer without needing to
According to Strategy Page, “China entry points for the Chinese into as DCNS, are part of the Scorpene resurface and refuel or recharge.
considers it an ‘improved Kilo’ the IOR are being monitored by 75I project. The Navy intends to Their additional range and power
while the Russians consider it IP our ships, along with the eastern use them for missions such as area will allow the Navy to monitor
(intellectual property) theft and and western fleets, which are surveillance, intelligence gathering, Chinese and Pakistani naval activity
an inferior copy of the original.” deployed on both sides of the anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface 24/7 the year round.
However, Western and South East country. Any area not directly warfare and minelaying operations. Nuclear submarines also assume
Asian navies report that the Kilo monitored is scanned regularly by The first Scorpene class sub, greater importance as India has
and most of the Chinese clones are the P-8Is operating in the region,” named INS Kalvari, was undocked dropped its plan to build a nuclear-
quiet and apparently effective subs. an Indian Navy officer told the in April 2015 – after a three year powered aircraft carrier for the
The highly automated sub – which media recently. delay. In March 2018, Mazagon foreseeable future. In this backdrop,
has an endurance of 60 days – can According to a report by the Dock Limited (MDL) launched nuclear-powered submarines will
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Raksha Anirveda
absolute power
Sindhurakshak off Karachi and
was hours away from peppering
the port with land attack cruise
missiles. Had the war last another
day, the Navy would have made a
bonfire of Karachi like it did in the
opening hours of the 1971 War.
The new advanced SSNs, SSBNs
and the P75I boats are critical
components of India’s defensive
and offensive strike options that
will protect its areas of national
interest, particularly the IOR.
The Indian Navy is aiming for
a fleet of 24 subs, but there’s no
reason why a country of India’s
geopolitical clout and economic
heft cannot build twice that
number which will enable the
Chinese PLA Navy Navy to target every task force
in the Indian Ocean. It would also
allow patrols even beyond – into
The new advanced SSNs, SSBNs and the P75I boats are the dragon’s backyard in the South
critical components of India’s defensive and offensive China Sea or the Western Pacific. If
North Korea, which can barely feed
strike options that will protect its areas of national its population, can build a fleet of
interest, particularly the IOR 70 submarines, there’s no reason
why India with a GDP nearly 200
missile is thought to be highly reactor power, new indigenously- times greater than North Korea
accurate but has a relatively short built sonar and integrated cannot build more. The tyranny
range of around 750 km. combat systems and enhanced of low expectations that plagues
A larger missile is under communications. Indian strategic thinking needs to
development for the class as Together the five boomers will be discarded.
well— the intermediate-range serve as the backbone of India’s Building a submarine fleet takes
K-4 SLBM. When this missile is survivable nuclear deterrent, and time. Unlike capital equipment
ready to be deployed, the Arihant allow India to achieve strategic deployed by the Air Force and
will be able to accommodate four invulnerability. Army, the Navy’s ships and
of them. This number will expand Another important development submarines are long-gestation
to eight missiles in the vessels comes in the form of Project Varsha, projects. Delays are common when
to follow. which involves the construction of a such projects are undertaken by
The K-4, which has a range of nuclear submarine base reportedly newly industrialised countries
around 3,500 km, will be followed at a cost of Rs 30,000 crore. The like India. Also, on an average for
by the K-5 missile, a 5,000 km base, which is expected to be ready every two to three vessel inducted,
SLBM. Work on the fourth missile by 2022, will have concrete pens one from the existing lot retires
in this series, the K-6, began at that will offer a safe haven for the due to age, underlining the fact
the DRDO’s Hyderabad-based crown jewels of India’s undersea that navies cannot be created
Advanced Naval Systems in assets. overnight. In this backdrop, it could
February. The missile is reported take a lot longer than projected for
to have a range of 6,000 km.
The slightly larger and more
Securing the seas the Indian Navy’s submarine fleet
to reach optimum levels.
ca pa b l e I NS Aridha ma n is The value of submarines as
– The author is a New Zealand based
nearing completion and it will strategic assets is indispensable. defence analyst. His work has been
also feature other improvements During the 1999 Kargil War, the quoted extensively by leading think tanks,
as well, including upgrades in Indian Navy had deployed the INS Universities and publications world wide
8 www.raksha-anirveda.com
Raksha Anirveda
spotlight www.raksha-anirveda.com
Indian Navy’s SSN strategic
Active and future
SSN classes
Programme moves ahead in
Brazilian Navy
Álvaro Alberto-class submarine - 1
under construction
China Navy
tandem with time?
People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)
of the People’s Republic of China
Han-class submarine (Type 091) -
3 in service
Type 093 submarine - 5 in service, 6
planned in total
Type 095 submarine - 2 complete, 5
Project SSN is anticipated to be designed on the lines of a modern SSN and planned in total
construction to be similar to that of the INS Arihant with an improved BARC designed French Navy
nuclear reactor at DRDO’s SBC in Visakhapatnam under the Advanced Technology Rubis-class submarine - 6 in service
Barracuda-class submarine - 1
Project (ATV) of the strategic Public Private Partnership (PPP) SSN Astute Royal Navy
complete, 6 planned in total
Indian Navy
By Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) Akula-class submarine - 1 in service,
1 more submarine leased to be
T
he historical progression of submarines in the world has traversed from and other is called SSBN which delivered by 2025
conventionally propelled diesel electric boats, which run underwater is a nuclear propelled submarine SSN programme - 6 planned in total
on batteries and need to surface (for air) for charging batteries, to the equipped with torpedoes and Russian Navy
era of nuclear propelled submarines led by USS Nautilus in 1954. A vertical launch long range nuclear Victor III-class submarine - 4 in
submarine on surface is perforce susceptible to detection and attacked ballistic missiles. The home built service
SSN Type 093B Shang-III-Class PLA(N)
from ships and the air. INS Arihant (S2) is an SSBN Sierra I and Sierra II-class submarine -
which has 750 km K-5/B-05 3 in service
nuclear tipped missiles, and is with an improved Bhabha Atomic in designing with advanced Akula-class submarine - 8 in service
Since long, Air Independent which took part in the 1965 part of India’s Triad for nuclear Research Centre (BARC) designed software and virtual design Yasen-class submarine - 1 in service,
Propulsion (AIP) systems are fitted Indo-Pak war. deterrence. India’s second SSBN nuclear reactor at Defence Research centres. Since the Indian Navy 4 under construction, 12 planned
in conventional submarines to stay But, Today India operates Arighat (S3) and the third S4 (yet and Development Organisation’s is a traditional user of Russian in total
underwater for longer durations. both classes viz. 15 conventional to be named) are in advanced (DRDO) Ship Building Centre nuclear submarines (with two
United Kingdom Navy (UK)
Nuclear submarines can operate submarines (Nine Kilos, four stage of construction with long (SBC) in Vishakhapatnam under INS Chakra on lease), the new
underwater for months, and their HDW-1400 and two Scorpenes) range K-4 nuclear missiles at the Advanced Technology Project domestically built submarines Trafalgar-class submarine - 4 in
endurance is limited by the crew’s with torpedoes (SET and SUT-B) Vishakhapatnam. (ATV) under a strategic Public would be the third class of SSNs service, 3 retired
endurance. US nuclear submarines and ship attack missiles (KLUB, In February 2015, the Defence Private Partnership (PPP). The operated by Indian Navy after the Astute-class submarine - 3 in service,
have two crews for year-long Exocet SM-39 and Harpoons), Acquisition Council (DAC) under project is being worked out leased Charlie I (1987-91) and 3 under construction, 1 ordered (HMS
operations on patrol. and two nuclear submarines. In the Ministry of Defence (MoD) under a Naval Vice Admiral. currently operates Akula II-class Astute, an Astute-class submarine,
The Indian Navy was a late submarines, torpedoes and missiles approved the construction of Larsen & Toubro (L&T) is the submarine. Both were named known as “fleet submarines” in the
starter to induct its first Foxtrot are launched from standard 21 inch six new nuclear powered attack PPP construction partner for INS Chakra. L&T is the choice for Royal Navy of the United Kingdom)
class conventional submarine torpedo tubes world over. submarines (SSNs) for the Indian INS Arihant and successive the DRDO unless India chooses United States Navy
INS Kalvari (S23) with CET/TEST Nuclear submarines have two Navy. The estimated cost of the submarines. Naval Group which it is reported Los Angeles-class submarine - 32 in
torpedoes with forward and aft standard hull classifications - one project is pegged at 1.2 lakh For the Arihant, Rubin vetted offering the Barracuda class. service, 30 retired
torpedo tubes in 1968 from the is called a SSN which is a nuclear crores (US$5 billion). the modifications made to the In June 2019, a report stated Seawolf-class submarine - 3 in service
Soviet Union. This was good five propelled attack submarine like It is anticipated the design would design by the Navy’s in-house that Submarine Design Group of Virginia-class submarine - 14 in
years after Pakistan got a Tench the two Indian Navy operated INS be as for a modern SSN and the Directorate of Naval Design the Directorate of Naval Design service, 5 under construction, 48
class submarine PNS Ghazi (USS Chakra with torpedoes and missiles construction would be on lines and L&T. Both organizations assisted by DRDO will now start planned in total
Diablo) from US on lease in 1963, which were on lease from Russia, similar to that of the INS Arihant have since become more adept working on the detailed design
10 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda April - June 2020 11
Raksha Anirveda
spotlight
SSN Barracuda Nuclear Attack Suffren
Since long Air Independent Propulsion
systems are fitted in conventional
submarines to stay underwater for longer
durations. Nuclear submarines can operate
underwater for months, and their endurance
is limited by the crew’s endurance
for construction phase of the
six SSN programme, and Rs
100 crore (US$14 million) have
been allocated for the initial
phase. The development has
begun. Mishra Dhatu Nigam
(MIDHANI) is developing a new
hull material that is expected to
allow the submarine to dive into
deeper depths than the Arihant
class. A scaled down model of SSN USN Virginia Construction
the submarine is planned to be
tested in the near future. from a nuclear-weapon state,
It is also reported that during and Russia is the only such state
President Putin’s visit in 2018 to have leased one. Moscow has
for the 19th India-Russia also been a critical supporter in
bilateral annual summit, India New Delhi’s indigenous nuclear
signed an Inter-governmental submarine programme. The
Agreement (IGA) with Russia to history of their cooperation on
lease another Akula-Class attack SSN Type 093 Shang nuclear submarines is, however,
nuclear submarine (SSN). This Class PLA(N) shrouded in secrecy.
Akula class SSN to join the Indian
Navy in 2025 after a major refit a change of uranium fuel. –The author is former DNI and DNO.
His latest Novel ‘An Underhand
of the hull in Russia’s Arctic India is the only country in Affair’ (Addhyan ISBN 9789388644167
port of Severodvinsk when INS the world to have operated Variety Books) includes intrigues in the
Chakra (Bars 971) will be due for a nuclear submarine on loan world of Naval Intelligence
12 www.raksha-anirveda.com
Raksha Anirveda
cover story www.raksha-anirveda.com
The effects of each of these we get through this crisis is a with branched-out supply chains
will differ based on the company whole-of-government effort, are more likely to face supply
size, nature of business, together with private industry, to side constraints. The European
product portfolios, supply chain really dive deep into our current DTIB has a fair share of branched-
dependencies and business plans. supply chains and then determine out supply chains, with different
Some of the main impact factors which ones we should consider components and subsystems from
are supply side shocks which critical for US national security different sources of origin going
would be the most visible effects overall.” into a final platform or solution.
on the defence sector. Companies For some businesses the effect Regulation and reprioritisation
located in countries badly affected of the pandemic will be very of production functions of such
by the virus or those that are pronounced in the short term, for supply chains could affect defence
dependent on supply chains others the effects may take more production. The plausibility of
located in affected countries time to manifest. The defence such actions cannot be ruled out,
would be immediate victims. A industry falls into this category. especially if governments divert
case in point is Fincantieri of Italy, It may be too early to forecast facilities to medical equipment.
which suspended its ship building whether the industry will be flat, Indian defence industry is one
operations until March 29, 2020. take a major or minor dip, or grow such example where the defence
The company builds warships of unaffected by the global pandemic. public sector undertakings
complex design. It is contracted It is of utmost importance that (DPSUs) like Ordnance Factory
to deliver four corvettes to the defence companies identify what Board (OFB) are into making face
Qatari navy with one delivered the major impact points are and masks, ventilators, N95 masks for
earlier this year and others could assess their potential to affect
be pushed back if the company business development plans, According to a report US aerospace
would extend the close down of supply chains, and bottom lines.
its facilities – a probable course of This will help shape preemptive industry alone lost approximately $200
action if Italy is not able to flatten measures, which could help billion of market value. Since January
Global Defence industry in
its COVID-19 growth curve soon. companies weather the storm. 1, the S&P Aerospace and Defence Select
According to Paul Sharre of With COVID-19 cases on The nature of supply chain Industry Index, which includes industry
the Center for a New American the rise in Western Europe, and resourcing patterns of the
Security, the supply chain’s future operations of many other defence technology industry leaders such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin,
the Fallout of COVID-19
is challenging and that government defence firms in Europe, such base (DTIB) will also affect and Northrop Grumman, were down by
money is likely to keep coming for as Navantia and Indra in Spain, production, as production queues above 40 per cent
defence companies. The State Thales in France may be affected
Department warned that as a by partial or complete shutdowns
result of staff teleworking for the or regulated functioning, thus
The COVID-19 outbreak world over has virtually brought the foreseeable future, the Directorate affecting production queues and
industry and business to a halt. For some businesses the of Defence Trade Controls (DDTC) deliveries.
effect of the pandemic will be very pronounced in the short might be slow in responding to the “You might see those delivery
industry needs, which will result in delays crop up this April, May,
term, but for defence industry it may take some more time to delays in the US defence industry June, July. That’s conceivable,
manifest the COVID-19 effect exports. The major impact points but I think we’re talking about
on the defence industry because slight changes, nothing in the
By Sri Krishna of the spread of COVID-19: order of magnitude you’re seeing
The Production and in airlines and then by virtue,
manufacturing facilities and in commercial aerospace,” says
s the world reels under the impact of novel Coronavirus COVID-19 supply chains as also business Byron Callan of Capital Alpha
A
pandemic, the industry and business activities virtually have come to a development efforts could be Partners. Analysts forecast that
halt. It has badly affected the nations with strong defence industry base affected – some will lose, some in the long term, the Coronavirus
like US, Italy, France, Spain, Germany and UK to name a few. According may win. The demand for outbreak will result in a complete
to a report US aerospace industry alone lost approximately $200 billion defence equipment and related rethink of whether supply chains
of market value. Since January 1, the S&P Aerospace and Defence Select services could decline with are vital to security. Martijn
Industry Index, which includes industry leaders such as Boeing, Lockheed companies having to make tough Rasser, a senior fellow at the
Martin, and Northrop Grumman, were down by above 40 per cent. choices impacting finances and Center for a New American Construction of Boeing aircraft at halt following COVID-19
competencies. Security, said: “A first step once
14 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda april-june 2019 15Raksha Anirveda
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With business development in defence With business development cooperation,” may see many of the recent trend of using exercises to
in defence being different from projects put on hold. reduce procurement timelines.
being different from others due to others due to long negotiation The business deals struck at Major defence spenders
long negotiation periods, protracted periods, protracted engagements, these shows like DefExpo takes allocate close to or over two per
engagements, high stakes, government- high stakes, government-to time to fructify and meanwhile cent of their GDP, a significant
to government (G2G) linkages, extensive government (G2G) linkages, discussions take place. amount, to defence. Whether
extensive testing and evaluation, Under the current defence spending may be
testing and evaluation, and face-to- and face-to-face meetings, the circumstances, meetings and deprioritised or not will depend
face meetings, the current scenario current scenario does not bode discussions may continue to take on a number of factors, both
does not bode well for business well for business development place through teleconferencing, economic and societal.
development in this industry in this industry. but final decisions regarding high- If governments are in
Many value procurement value procurements are unlikely questionable financial shape
programmes are discussed and to be made through this method. with low liquidity, limited
medical personnel. finalised during defence shows Military exercises are another reserves, and inadequate
Technological factors and with planned events such as aspect of indirect defence business avenues for borrowing,
manufacturing paradigms EUROSATORY 2020 (scheduled development and the pandemic has eventually the unanticipated
also have a part to play in for June in Paris) now virtually hit this badly since major powers spending will have to be met by Representational Image – Eurosatory 2019 / Defence Expo’s in 2020 hard hit
understanding the level of called off, avenues for business like United States have already channelising funds from other
impact. For example, defence development are reduced. suspended all travel, deployments high-value budget components capable people? Do they delay primary market to fund capital “You might see
firms with highly automated DefExpo 2020 held in and exercises for troops. If – defence included. payments to vendors? Do they investments may have to hold those delivery
plants are likely to be less Lucknow in February which the pandemic worsens, wider While larger defence companies turn to governments for help? off as low share prices are delays crop
affected by social distancing. broke all records of international cancellations or rescheduling may have some contingency Do they divert R&D budgets detrimental to successful public up this April,
Similarly, those companies that cooperation and as Defence cannot be ruled out. planning in place to wait out the toward paying salaries at the offerings. Defence companies May, June,
have not completely transitioned Minister Rajnath Singh said A cessation or reduction in worst-case scenario, local small risk of losing technological edge? may have to resort to share July. That’s
conceivable,
into certain manufacturing “this expo is a breakthrough military exercises will further and medium enterprises that run Do they relocate production buybacks in order to prevent
but I think
paradigms such as just-in-time in the field of Indian defence reduce the time for interaction and liquidity risks and have high levels sites? How will they maintain this from happening, in turn we’re talking
production may have a greater manufacturing, which has informal testing and evaluation of of debt on their balance sheets shareholder confidence? resulting in more expenses and about slight
level of inventory, and be able to broken all records of people’s equipment, reducing an exercise’s may not fare too well. These Defence companies must work loss of liquidity for the firm, at a changes,
cope with supply side shocks for participation, public-private latent business development companies will need bailouts or on future-proofing themselves time when thriftiness is the need nothing in
a longer period of time. partnership and international potential — especially with the some form of monetary support and must be prepared with of the hour. the order of
to continue. answers to such questions in order Some contracts, defence magnitude
While the defence industry is to deal with the uncertainties events and business development you’re seeing
currently not affected as much stemming from shocks caused by measures may be pushed back, in airlines and
as many others, but defence the pandemic. but overall the defence sector then by virtue,
contracts are very high-value Another cause of concern in may just flatten or even show in commercial
aerospace”
contracts and a potential loss the defence sector is the impact slight growth because of pent
of business due to a COVID-19 of the pandemic on stocks of up demand toward the end of Byron Callan
related worst-case scenario defence companies that manifest the year. Setbacks may be just Capital Alpha
Partners
could mean that companies lose visible shocks. Since February temporary.
out on anticipated sales worth 10, Lockheed Martin’s stock Irrespective of how the
hundreds of millions of dollars. price has fallen by around 28 per COVID-19 scenario may turn
The companies may have to cent, Leonardo’s by 55 per cent, out, there are some common
make tough decisions on how French company Thales’ by 33 lessons for the defence industry.
the business may be conducted per cent, and Fincantieri’s by 32 Uncertainty in today’s world
in the future. per cent. Shares of some defence must be accepted as a norm
Maintaining all assembly companies are currently trading and the defence industry must
lines and an active workforce at their lowest prices in the past explore multiple facets of risk
in the face of reduced sales is a five years. planning. Strategy should not
challenging situation defence While trading in secondary just be focused on growth but
companies could face. At this markets does not directly affect must include scenario-based
point businesses are faced incomes of companies, there is resource planning and material
with tough questions: Do they cause of concern about its indirect substitution.
maintain the workforce level consequences. Companies that – The author is a senior journalist
A defence production facility at standstill
or trim it at the risk of losing planned to issue shares in the and media consultant
16 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda april-june 2019 17Raksha Anirveda
DEFENCE COOPERATION www.raksha-anirveda.com
per cent. Considering the size of
Prime Minister Narendra the two economies, these figures
Modi with European Council
President Donald Tusk and fall short of the potential of two-
European Commission President India recently enabled way trade between the EU and
Jean Claude Juncker at
EU-INDIA Summit to garner support of India. The EU and India need
her European partners to pursue a proactive approach
to enhance their trade and
France and Poland in investment relations.
designating Jaish-e- Despite international outcry
Mohammad’s Masood over the abrogation of Article
Azhar deemed as a 370 and the resultant internet
clampdown in Kashmir,
terrorist under the India accepted the request of
United Nations Security the delegation of European
Council Resolution 1267 Parliamentarians to visit Jammu
and Kashmir. External Affairs
Minister Dr Subrahmanyam
He stated that the multilateral Jaishankar in his trip to Brussels PM Modi along with world leaders in a group photo at Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi
rules-based system was under in February 2020 acknowledged
‘siege’ by US-China rivalry, and is that though there are challenges
providing an opportune moment ahead for Kashmir, he keenly or cultural criteria.
for India and EU to work together opined that Kashmir is moving in Without mentioning Pakistan
in ensuring the survival of World the right direction and is in the by name, he said some of India’s
Trade Organisation (WTO). In process of being more aligned neighbours have Islam as a
other words, India is important with rest of India. state religion, “and there are
for EU in the Indo-Pacific region. His government was investing persecuted religious minorities
EU needs India to offset Sino- heavily in developmental who came to India because many
American bipolarity in WTO. projects including the of them find people have the
Taking stock of India- electrification of 330,000 homes same faith.” Dr Jaishankar said
EU relations, both strategic and increasing pension and India’s new law would reduce
The Changing Dynamics of
partners have worked together benefits coverage from 62 to 80 statelessness, and pointed to the
and continue to provide key per cent of the population in the fierce debates that Europe has
deliverables in the areas of state-turned Union Territory. also had around immigrations
security, terrorism, policing, Seven medical colleges are in and the “political changes” that
India-EU Relations
digital connectivity and climate process of being set up, and three have caused.
change. India was enabled to frozen hydroelectric projects The United Kingdom (UK)
get support of her European have been unfrozen. left European Union on January
partners France and Poland in India has also taken note 31, 2020. Brexit has caused a
designating Jaish-e-Mohammad’s of the resolutions passed by lot of anxiety in India as well
EU Foreign Policy Chief Joseph Barell’s preference to attend (JeM’s) Masood Azhar deemed European Parliament on the with New Delhi asking itself
a summit in India than that being in Davos, Switzerland as a terrorist under the United Citizenship Amendment Act about the shape of its future ties Mr Modi with French President Emmanuel Macron
highlights the fact that India and EU must become more Nations Security Council (CAA), 2019. Foreign Minister with London and the coherence
strategic given the importance of Indo-Pacific region Resolution 1267. Jaishankar insisted that CAA law of the EU. UK is ranked 17th after Mauritius, Singapore and
However, India-EU ties have had been misunderstood. The in the list of India’s top 25 Japan with a cumulative equity
By DR Mathew Simon faltered in moving forward on CAA law eases citizenship rules trading partners with India’s investment of US$26 billion since
Bilateral Trade and Investment for religious minorities such merchandise trade with the UK April 2000 accounting for around
Agreement (BTIA) that faced as Hindus and Christians from in 2017-18 estimated at US$14.5 six per cent of all foreign direct
I
ndia-European Union (EU) close ties were reflected in a statement several roadblocks since the start Muslim-majority Bangladesh, billion with an additional US$7 investment into India. India also
made by EU Foreign Policy chief Joseph Barell at Raisina Dialogue, of its negotiations in 2009. While Pakistan and Afghanistan. billion trade in services. India is a major investor in the UK
2020 which was held in New Delhi recently. Barell remarked that the EU was India’s first trading He compared the CAA rules enjoys a favourable balance of (4th largest). Around 800 Indian
his preference to attend a summit in India than that being in Davos, partner with 14 per cent of its to immigration and refugee trade with UK. companies with total consolidated
Switzerland highlights the fact that India and EU must become more total trade in goods in 2017, India resettlement policies across When it comes to investments, revenue of 47.5 billion pounds
strategic given the importance of Indo-Pacific region. was EU’s ninth largest trading Europe pointing out that many UK is ranked as the fourth have created over 105,000 jobs
partner accounting for only 2.2 EU countries also use national largest inward investor in India, in the UK. The technology and
18 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda april-june 2019 19Raksha Anirveda
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DIFFERENT STROKE www.raksha-anirveda.com
- South Korea) and the two assumptions, few questions as
Indian strategic partners are listed below arise: The P75 (I) Project
Project 75 (I): An Opportunity to
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd The P75 (I) project was cleared way back
(MDL) and Larsen & Toubro n ill the Indian Navy be
W in 2007, but remained dormant for years
Limited (L&T). looking for a new submarine and underwent numerous changes. It is
India currently has an active type under the strategic part of a 30-year submarine building plan
submarine production line at partnership model or choose
Create a National Strategic Asset
that ends in 2030. In its present form, the
MDL that has delivered the the one already in service and Project 75(I) envisages the construction of
first two of the six Naval Group is in contention with others? six conventional submarines with advanced
Scorpene class submarines to n Will MDL and L&T initially detection range, combat management
the Indian Navy. The Project 75 evaluate the competition systems, better sensors, weapons and the
(I) is a new programme planned among shortlisted foreign Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System.
to go along with the existing OEMs and choose their
The submarine Project 75 (I) under strategic partnership model can help in production line and will choose partner before responding The P75 (I) project will help in creating second
from five submarine types: to the RFP and provide the
creating a second line of submarine production in the country, progressively Scorpene (Naval Group), Amur Indian Navy with the best
line of submarine building. Currently, India has
build indigenous capabilities, increase efficiencies and facilitate faster and more one operational production line of submarine
1650 (Rubin Design Bureau), options to evaluate and building at MDL. Success of the project
significant adoption of technology by involving private sector Type 214 (ThyssenKrupp), choose from? will open up the industry for private sector
S80 (Navantia) and an n W ill strategic partnership partnership, assist in realising autonomy in
By ajit K thakur offering (Chang Bogo class) model pave way for MDL and submarine building and will position India as
from Daewoo Shipbuilding & L&T to come together and the only country to have two production lines
Marine Engineering (DSME - collaborate for the project? other than US.
or two decades, the struggle of the Indian Navy to create a second line Thus, it is imperative for India South Korea). W ill strategic partnership
F
n
of submarine production in the country is well known. With Project to fulfil its maritime security and Taking into count the Indian model be able to create a L&T’s major strength lies in having excellent
75 (I) under the Strategic Partnership (SP) route now on track, stakes strategic interest and for this Navy’s current submarine second line of submarine design and engineering teams. They have
and expectations are on the high. The changing world dynamics poses the Indian Navy needs adequate operations experience, there production with futuristic made good hulls for strategic boats and also
many asymmetrical security and strategic challenges for an aspiring fleet of submarines as an ace and are three types: Russian technology solutions and have outfitting experience. But, they lack the
India, be it in the immediate neighbourhood, or Indo-Pacific region or potent weapon platform along Kilo class, German Type 209 indigenous capabilities? building line to manufacture a submarine and
globally. In Asia, a silent trend of submarine arms race is building up with aircraft carriers for power conventional submarines and n Will P75 (I) under strategic L&T will be looking out for a foreign partner
that hovers around creation of indigenous capabilities, modernisation projection as an expanding the newly inducted Scorpene partnership model implement that can deliver the necessary infrastructure.
and expansion. blue-water Navy with growing class submarines. The P75 the L1 norm change as
responsibilities. (I) shortlisting has not only suggested by Niti Aayog and
Based on the response to the opened up and expanded the will take the call based on Finding answers to the above The P75 (I)
Request for Information (RFI) competition; it has also become quality parameters, future is not going to be that easy. shortlisting
and the subsequent criteria- a huge test of the much-talked technological compatibility It will require lots of efforts has not only
based evaluation, the Navy has Strategic Partnership model. and stipulated timeline for for deliberation, discussion opened up and
shortlisted five foreign Original Based on speculations and completion of the project? and evaluation with a fresh expanded the
Equipment Manufacturers perspective. It will be about competition;
(OEMs) and two Indian strategic moving ahead with a mindset for it has also
partners and in all probability ASIA: Submarine Fleet Status between experimentation. Is the Indian become a huge
it will issue the Request for
Proposal (RFP) by mid-2020.
2020 and 2030 Navy willing to do it despite
the numerous challenges being
test of the
much-talked
Under the project, indigenous 80 76 faced currently? Only time will Strategic
construction of six submarines tell depending on how SP model Partnership
will be done for the Indian 60 79 evolves further. model
Navy, which will cost around Rs The P75 (I) submarines as new
45,000 crore (US$6.3 billion). 40 generation boats will be different
The shortlisted foreign OEMs 17 17 19 from other operational ones
are Naval Group (France), 20 8 due to its enhanced endurance
Rubin Design Bureau (Russia),
21 21 19 16 capability and survivability –
0
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems derived from the mandatory Air
INDIA SOUTH KOREA JAPAN CHINA PAKISTAN
(Germany), Navantia (Spain) Independent Propulsion (AIP)
and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Fleet 2020 Fleet 2030 along with improvised weaponry.
Amur 1650
Marine Engineering (DSME It is expected that submarine-
22 www.raksha-anirveda.com Raksha Anirveda april-june 2019 23You can also read
