Energiewende - Powered by Digitalization - Prof. Dr. Joachim Schenk - German Energy ...
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Energiewende – Powered by Digitalization Prof. Dr. Joachim Schenk joachim.schenk@hm.edu
ENERGIEWENDE
ZENTRUM
DIGITALISIERUNG.BAYERN
DEEP-DIVE: DIGITALIZATION PLATFORM DIGITALIZATION IN
AND POWER2GAS THE ENERGY-SECTOR
WARP-UP
2
Energiewende
3
Energiewende decribes the Transition form Fossil to
Renewable Energy
• in Germany, the (electrical) power supply is transforming form fossil to renewable
• during the last years, an average annual growth of 8,5% in renewables
• in 2020, almost 50% of the electrical power is provided by renewables
sources of German electrical power supply
100% 100%
80% 80%
19,0%
14,4%
60% 19,0%
17,8% 60%
40% 47,0% 40%
20% 33,1% 20%
26,2%
20,3%
0% 0%
2011 2014 2017 2020*
soft coal hard coal natural gas other nuclear
wind solar biomass water Source: Frauenhofer ISE
Disclaimer: This is not (all) about solar power – indeed: The highest share in the
German energy mix will be provided by wind turbines 4
This Transition is challenging for the Power Grids
• solar and wind power will mainly contribute to power production
• both are not “base load compatible”, since the production fluctuates
• this has severe impacts on the grid
Apparent power (MVA) apparent power at midrange distribution station
installed solar power:
+ 10 MVA within
approx. 23.5 MW
one year
Source: Bayernwerk
5
Grid Expansion and Cold Curtailment might not
be the most efficient Solution.
• In order to cope for higher payloads, grid expansions are discussed
(expensive and maybe not always the best solution):
Stundenlastgang August 2008
measured, hourlyPV-Anlage
load profile solar,
PN= 408 kW 400kW nominal
400
Pnominal
350
300
power (kW) in kW
250
Einspeiseleistung
200
150
input
100
50
0
1 1 322 3
63 494 51256 156
7 187
8 921810249
11 280
12 13
31114342
15 373
16 17
404 1843519 466
20 497
21 22
52823 559
24 590
25 26
62127652
28 683
29 30
714 31
august
August 2008
• also sometimes performed: “cold curtailment”, but difficult due to regulations Source: Bayernwerk
6
The Energy Sector already is quite Digital
In the energy sector, we find many digital aspects…
• all Energy data is collected and stored in energy data management (EDM) systems
(e.g. Thüga Metering)
• information on piping and gridlines is digitally stored (e.g. GIS)
• billing is entirely digitized and automated (e.g. SAP ISU)
• control systems are centralized and fully digital (e.g. PSIcontrol)
… and still analog by nature
• 50 Hz (more or less), pure sine-function (also more or less)
Key question:
Can Digitalization “power” the Energiewende?
i.e. is it possible to cope for the issues that come with an increase of fluctuating,
renewable energy by utilizing digitalization?
7
Zentrum Digitalisierung.Bayern
ZD.B
8
Mission, Objectives, Measures
Mission Key Objectives Measures
Aiding science and business to Create attention and Identify and realize main topics
successfully develop into the awareness for the digital
digital transformation, mainly transformation Link industry and science
focussed on innovations in Initiate and accompany
Bavaria Stimulate innovations
projects
Disseminate expertise
Network
9
The ZD.B has already spread throughout Bavaria
20 professor ships
10 at universities for applied sciences
10 innovation labs
for students at universities
10 at general universities
7 main sectors, organized as platforms
for enterprises, universities and research institutes
ZD.B Headquarters
Coordinates and supports
projects in Bavaria
Doctorate programs
for PhD-students at universities
start-up centers and incubator
for students and staff at universities
10 senior researchers
at universities
10Platform
Digitalization in the Energy Sector
11The platform “Digitalization in the Energy Sector” has
five Team Members
Maximilian Virginia Andreas Prof. Dr. Dr.
Irlbeck Ahuir Thut Joachim Schenk Roland Hofer
ZD.B ZD.B ZD.B HS München Bayernwerk
coordinator project manager technical lead academic speaker economic speaker
MEMAP MEMAP
newsletter:
https://zentrum-digitalisierung.bayern/news/newsletter-anmeldung/
calendar:
https://zentrum-digitalisierung.bayern/veranstaltungen/
12The platform accompanies numerous topics
block chain and micro grid & Smart data decentralized smart metering smart home &
distributed Ledger virtual power plants systems smart building, BIM
sector coupling quarters KRITIS prognoses/ energy efficiency flexibility &
smart grids smart diagnostics trading
• projects within these topics are either financed by the ZD.B or
• some team members are actively pursuing the projects as part of their
profession/research interest
• in the following: Deep-Dive into a cross topic project 13Deep-Dive:
Digitalization and Power2Gas
14Deep-Dive: Power2Gas is one form of sector coupling
• by coupling energy sectors, flexibility of one sector can be utilized for another sector
• the gas grid, for example, offers high flexibility in terms of fluctuating input
(the grid is built for pressure increases)
• it further offers a high storage capacity of approx. 200 TWh
How the coupling works:
• spare electrical energy is used to produce hydrogen by electrolysis:
2H2O → 2H2 + O2
• the hydrogen is directly fed into the gas grid and either
• consumed (heat, process gas) or
• retransformed to electrical energy (at later time, different
place) by combined-cycle plants
• Power2Gas is not a vision anymore, it is already in production
(shown in the picture: E.ON Power2gas plant “Falkenhagen”,
VN = 360m³/h) Source: E.ON Gas Storage
15Solving the “power problem” with Power2Gas,
introduces issues in the gas grid
• hydrogen in the gas grid reduces the calorific value (CV) of the gas
• the calorific value (CV) is the base of billing, and underlies heavy regulations
(in a nutshell: the CV may not vary by more than 2% if more than one inlet station is involved)
• a Power2Gas plant is always another inlet station
standard grid grid „augmented“ with new
(natural gas and some biogas) gas sources
• hence, sector coupling contributes to solve the “power problem”
• however, issues are also coupled, in case of Power2Gas: variations in the CV
• hardware-solution (measuring devices) is monetarily not feasible 16In recent years, a digital solution for varying gas
qualities has been developed: SmartSim
• main idea: calculate the gas distribution using the already digitally available data
• input data: hourly entry and exit volumes (from EDM), topology (form GIS), load profiles (from SAP)
all data is already there!
17An integrated calculation kernel ensures high accuracy
and low computation time
• volume correction for
conservation of mass in the grid
(taking linepack into acount)
• flow simulation to compute
pressures, flow velocities…
(considering real gas effects)
• gas quality tracking based on a
novel package model (back
propagation algorithm) to
determine CVs, composition and
further gas properties
18The Results of the Simulation are almost
“better than measured” calculated CV
measured CV average CV 2%-line
• in field tests, the SmartSim system
has been validated
CV in kW/m³
• to that end, mobile gas chromatographs
are temporarily installed in a gas grid
• the measured and calculated values are
compared
• even huge drops in CV are calculated
accurately (both in timing and
amplitude)
fraction in %
• the system is e.g. used at E.ON Edis in
order to track hydrogen from
Falkenhagen Power2Gas plant
19SmartSim is used all over Germany and
northern Europe to Smarten the Gas Grid
Sweden
• SmartSim is used at a number
of grid operators DONG Energy, grid Vejen DK
Lund Energy, grid Lund
• is contributing to NGF Nature Energy, grid Fyn West E.ON Gas Sverige, grid Malmö
flexible the gas grid NGF Nature Energy, grid Fyn Ost
(different natural gas Hansewerk, grid Handewitt
sources, biogas, etc.) E.DIS, grid Röbel
Avacon, grid Lüchow
• and enables the use Avacon, grid Messenkamp Stadtwerke Schwedt
of Power2Gas Erdgas Mittelsachsen, grid Schönebeck
SmartSim uses already Westnetz, grid Dorsten Germany MITNETZ GAS, grid Minkwitz
MITNETZ GAS, main grid
available digital Data Energienetze Mittelrhein
combines them to Ferngas Nordbayern
Creos, grid Eifel
perform gas tracking Bayernwerk, grid Postbauer Heng
Netze Südwest
and hence, is a schwaben-netz, grid Nordschwaben
grids Nordbaden
realization of
and Oberschwaben
“Digitalization in the
Energy Sector” in operation validation phase pre-study
20Wrap-up
21Digitalization is a megatrend and will contribute
to the Energiewende
• digitalization is a megatrend which influences all sectors of our daily life
• in order to prepare the industry, research and the society for the changes, the Bavarian
government has introduced the “Zentrum für Digitalisierung.Bayern”
• it is organized in several platforms, one of which concerns with digitalization in the
Energy sector
• by the Energiewende, Germany transforms its (electrical) energy generation from fossil
to renewable, in 2020 approx. 50% of the electrical energy will be produced “green”
• in the meantime, Renewables, due to their fluctuating nature, introduce challenges to
the grids and their operation
• the Platform Energy is committed to a number of projects to investigate digital means to
integrate Renewables into our energy system
by digitalization it is possible to integrate renewables into the grids with less hardware
but more software
22Within two years, the platform has built a substantial
network – a fine selection:
Thank you for your attention! 23Backup
25Numerous Pilot Power2Gas Projects are currently running
all over Germany
P2G Rostock – FH Lübeck Forschungs-
P2G Werlte - Audi AG GmbH
in progress in progress
injection, methanation
P2G Herten – Stadt Herten / P2G Hamburg – Vattenfall AG
Evonik Industries AG in operation
in progress
P2G Dortmund- DEW 21
in planung
injection P2G Grapzow (RH2-WKA) - WIND-Projekt
Gruppe
P2G Leverkusen- Bayer in progress
in progress injection
injection
P2G Prenzlau - ENERTRAG AG
P2G Karlsruhe - DVGW-EBI in operation
planned no injection
methanation
P2G Falkenhagen- E.ON AG
in progress
P2G Stuttgart - SolarFuel GmbH
injection
partly in operation
methanation P2G Graben - Erdgas Schwaben
GmbH
planned
P2G Stuttgart - EnBW AG
injection, methanation
planned
hydrogen filling station
P2G mobile Anlage SolarFuel P2G Greenpeace
P2G Demonstrationsanlage der GmbH Energy
Thüga-Gruppe in operation planned
planned methanation injection
26Networking is performed by organizing
events and conferences
Digitalisierung und
Energie: Schluss mit
Buzzwords, Sprint in
die digitale
Energiewelt!
05/17 05/17 06/17 – 06/21 ab 03/18 ab
ab 04/18
04/18
Altötting Bamberg Riemerling D-A-CH München,
München, Berlin,
Berlin, Wien
Wien
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