EVS' FLEETS IN PRACTICE - 4TH E-MOBILITY STAKEHOLDER FORUM - #EMSF2016 @EMOBILITYFORUM - FREVUE

4th E-MOBILITY STAKEHOLDER FORUM

    Evs’ Fleets in Practice

          CTT Correios de Portugal

              José Guilherme

 #eMSF2016
 @eMobilityForum

Agenda

o   FREVUE Lisbon Demonstration
o   CTT - short presentation
o   Preparation Project
o   Initial Impact
o   Project Development
o   Other Electric Vehicles

FREVUE Lisbon Demonstration-
short
  Lisbon presentation
          Municipality: 104 Evs
  10% of the total Municipality fleet
CTT - short presentation
 EMEL – Lisbon Mobility and Parking: 16 Evs
 23% of the total EMEL fleet

   EV Positive Discrimination: Green Parking Permit exempt EV
   from parking fees
   Promotion and Dissemination (FR-EVUE)

CTT Short Presentation -
short
  o Onepresentation
         of the main employers in Portugal with more than
    12,000 workers
CTT  - short
  o Our          presentation
        Shops (over  600) and agents (over 1800) serve daily
    about 130,000 customers
  o We move daily over 5 million postal items we distribute in
    about 5.5 million households

  o Some of the CTT Group companies:

  CTT Expresso – Serviços Postais e Logística, SA
  Mailtec Holding SGPS
  PayShop (Portugal), SA
  PostContacto – Correio Publicitário, Lda.

CTT Short Presentation -
                  Shops Network:
short presentation129 000 customers day
                  623 Shops
CTT - short presentation
                  1820 Agents

     Delivery:                                 Sorting:
     5.5 M Housing                             Over 5 million objects
     5050 postmen
     285 Delivery Centers
     About 56 M km / year

                            Transport:
                            10.3 M km / year
                            600 day trips
                            200 drivers

CTT Short Presentation -
short     presentation
  The Fleet: total of 3,195 vehicles, with average age of 2.5 years
  About 59 million km / year (heavy fleet 6.9 million Kms)
CTT
  Total- short     presentation
         consumption     of 5,346,072 liters, Fuel costs exceed 6
  million € annually
  alternative fleet: 300 vehicles and is growing
                                                              5%   9%
                                                   6%
  27 electric quadricycles                                              6%

  18 electric scooters                                                       6%   electric quadricycles
  19 conventional bikes                                                           electric scooters

  203 electric bikes                                                              conventional bikes
                                                                                  electric bikes
  17 electric light vehicles                                                      electric light vehicles
  16 electric tricycles                                                           electric tricycles

                                                        68%

CTT Short Presentation -
short presentation
  The Sustainability goals for 2016
CTT - short presentation
  • Reduction fuel consumption by 4%
  • Efficiency gains in fuel consumption of 1.8% / year
  • Expansion of electric fleet
  • Reduction of direct and indirect emissions of 20% (period
    2008-2020)
  • 20% reduction of carbon intensity by postal object and
    parcel in the period 2013-2025
  • Labor mortality zero rate

CTT Short Presentation -
short presentation
      CTT, among the world's best

CTT
  EMMS- short        presentation
        2014: 5th place among 21 participants (89.96 points out of 100)
  Global benchmark in 3 criteria: Disclosure and Reporting; Principles                 and
    Standards; Policy and Procedures
    Reduction of emissions by 50% over the year based analysis (2008)
    CO2 emissions per object  13.1 grams (18.1 in the CPI)
    The alternative fleet corresponds to 9.4% of total vehicles (CPI average: 16.0%)

  Improvement opportunities suggested by IPC to CTT:

     Continued investment in electric vehicles, route optimization and
     continuous training of drivers

     Increased energy efficiency of buildings and the purchase of green
     electricity

Preparation Project- short
CTT conducted market research in order to evaluate the main
characteristics of the EFVs available on the market at the desired
range.
Regarding range (autonomy), the actual values of service should
be in the order of 80-100km.
CTT understood that range could increase if routes were planned
with few stops or consequently reduce if a routes topography
was highly irregular.
CTT prepared terms of reference for the purchase of ten EFVs
(five light commercial vans of 2m3 and five light commercial vans
of 4m3) according to the needs identified in the selection of
routes for these vehicles.
drivers.

Preparation Project- short
Two Kangoo ZE technical demonstrations were conducted at
Renault´s installations (on December 10th, 2013 and January 21st,
2014) with the following objectives: learning the main features of
the electric Kangoo and ensure its proper use (driving and
battery charging) and maximizing its potential.
The demonstrations were aimed at fleet managers, supervisors of
the Postal Distribution Centres and Drivers.
Only Renault presented a proposal and after analysis, it was
determined to order five Renault Kangoo ZE and five Renault
Kangoo ZE Maxi in September 2013, according to the
specifications present in the terms of reference of the tender.
All ten vehicles entered operation in March 2014.

Preparation Project

Preparation Project
CTT has analysed the circuits in Lisbon’s downtown area taking into account the type of
vehicle used (considering only the type envisaged in the project) and the distances.
This resulted in 10 routes being identified as suitable for EFV operation.

CTT vehicles are charged on the Postal Distribution Centres. The charging equipment
supplied by Renault includes the standard and occasional charging cables. In February
2014, CTT proceeded with the installation of Schuko type sockets (16 A) in the Postal
Distribution Centres for the battery charging of Kangoo ZE with the occasional charging
cable.
All drivers and managers had specific training provided by Renault as well as fleet
management technicians.

Initial Impact
Customers
Reception very positive of electric vehicles
Marked environmental concerns

Drivers and Managers
Satisfaction and confidence in the use of electric vehicles

Fleet Management
No problems

Project Development
Viatura    Colocação     Kms           Drivers
C-6457-V   CPLS/SAD            32788   Drivers keep the confidence on the vehicles
C-6458-V   CPLS/SAD            26896   and their reliability - have been driven more
C-6459-V   1200 Lisboa         23732   than 200,000 Kms since 2014
C-6460-V   1100 Lisboa          9079

C-6461-V   1100 Lisboa         14339
                                       Fleet Management
C-6462-V   SAD                 17047
                                       Still no problems
C-6463-V   CPLS                20365

C-6464-V   SAD                 19337
C-6465-V   SAD                 18842

C-6466-V   SAD                 17604

Project Development
Managers

Nuno Pica SAD - quite satisfactory evaluation.

João Abrantes CDP 1200/1250 Lisbon - the vehicles have an excellent performance at the
level of load (weight) to which they are subject and irregular pavement, particularly in
CDP 1200. With regard to autonomy, is well within the desired limits.

Rui Cândido CDP 1000/1100/1150/1170 Lisbon - those vehicle in our opinion and in our
geographical area are very versatile with good autonomy, Excellent vehicle work,
compared the other car with different combustible in our view are equal, the only
negative aspect is that they do not emit sound at low speed for pedestrians alert seems
to us a very important aspect to take into account; the consumption level is better. In
summary we just have to say well about the vehicles.

Project Development
As a result of the EMS service integration in CTT network the operation of electric
vehicles became more uniform with daily averages distances about 30 Kms.
There are no changes in the vehicle charging system and there is no incidence to report.

An important improvement would be the manufacturer provide an adequate service for
monitoring of the vehicles.

Developed process for reallocating some vehicles (3) together with the 7 new Nissan
vehicles and other electric types such as bicycles, motorcycles and tricycles will allow
CDP with almost entirely green fleet.

Other Electric Vehicles
CTT has gradually acquired a number of electric
vehicles in order to reduce their ecological
footprint:

New electric bicycles in May 2013 (190 vehicles)

GOALS:
- Replace motorcycles by electric bicycle models

- Use electric bicycles in deliveries of "last mile“

- Environmental benefits - reducing CO2 emissions,
noise pollution

- To contribute to the comfort and safety of
postmen

Other Electric Vehicles
and other electric types such as bicycles, motorcycles and tricycles will allow CDP with
almost entirely green fleet (March 2014)

         Govec (motorcycles)                              Goupil (quadricycles)

Other Electric Vehicles
and other electric types such as bicycles, motorcycles and tricycles will allow CDP with
almost entirely green fleet (2015)

                                                                   Ligier (tricycles)
     Paxter (quadricycles)

Other Electric Vehicles
CTT has gradually acquired a number of electric vehicles in order to reduce their
ecological footprint:

7 new Nissan vehicles (2016)

Thank you

         jose.guilherme@ctt.pt

#eMSF2016
@eMobilityForum

4th E-MOBILITY STAKEHOLDER FORUM

    The eBRIDGE Project
    Urban eMobility 2020
                Marco Menichetti
   eBRIDGE Dissemination Manager – Legambiente

 #eMSF2016
 @eMobilityForum

THE VISION
eBRIDGE Urban e-Mobility 2020

     eBRIDGE experience: 150 EVs and +1,800 users

MILAN
Web 2.0 Communication

                       1,162 people answered
                       (GuidaMI-IKEA questionnaire)

e-Mobility has to be
smart and adaptable
market awareness is
changing

AUSTRIA
P2P e-CS in rural areas

LISBON
Greening the local administration fleet (1)

                           Political will and
                           commitment to long-
                           ‐term global
                           sustainability are crucial

LISBON
Greening the local administration fleet (1)

KEY FINDINGS
Improved attitudes

KEY FINDINGS
EV acceptance

LESSONS LEARNED
Global
o Electric mobility is a sound way to reduce emissions
  and improve quality of life
o EVs alone will not work: holistic approach towards
  integrated urban development
o Technology and charging infrastructure must
  develop accordingly
o Further research to clear up uncertainties

LESSONS LEARNED
Policy
o Policy can induce sustainable fields of application
o Monetary incentives greatly influence decision-making
  towards EVs adoption
o Non-monetary incentives should seek long-term effects
o EVs have big potential but also constraints

LESSONS LEARNED
Operation
o   EVs enjoyed greater user acceptance
o   Uncertainty on maintenance costs
o   Car sharing market presents fierce competition
o   Adaptation and resilience are crucial

LESSONS LEARNED
Users
o EVs can cover short-distance and
  short-term trips
o e-Fleets help users get familiarised
  and build confidence on EVs
o Lack of knowledge creates
  artificial barriers
o Driving trainings proved effective
o Knowledge transfer and public
  events are essential

LESSONS LEARNED
Marketing and promotion
o   Branded EVs to increase visibility and raise awareness
o   Workshops and information events
o   Mobility Management Tools for operators
o   Online Participation Tools for efficient planning

THE LEGACY
eBRIDGE Start Up Kit
Toolkit & Guidelines :
o Practical tips and
   recommendations to
   operate and promote
   electric fleets successfully
o Available now on
   ebridge-project.eu

THE LEGACY

                Networking

   Enthusiasm

Thank you
Marco Menichetti
m.menichetti@intranet.legambiente.org
mmenico@gmail.com
Tel.: + 39 392 4350742   Skype ID: marmenico

 #eMSF2016
 @eMobilityForum

Electric bus operation
Opportunities and risks

Jan Barchánek
4th EU Electromobility Stakeholder Forum
Brussels, 25th May 2016

Is it possible to change diesel bus operation to
             electric bus operation ?

E-bus operation – need of charging
Diesel buses
   § operational range – more than 400 km (fuel tank capacity)
   § operation planning – driver working time regulation

Electric buses
   § operational range limitation
   § operational planning – incl. charging time

è Overnight charging (120 km – 200 km in city traffic)
   § high capacity batteries (decrease pax capacity)
   § need of night charging capacity and time – 6-8 hours slow charge

è Opportunity charging (250 km – 350 km in city traffic)
   § less of batteries – more pax capacity
   § need of special charging infrastructure
   § more charging cycles – decrease lifecycle of batteries

Charging trade-offs

     operational                                        battery lifecycle
      reasons                                               reasons

     short (mins)             charging time                long (hours)

   high (>100 kW)
                             charging power              low (10-25 kW)
  è temperature rise
  è energy looses rise

    once a week                 balancing                   once a day

Ø choose proper type of batteries to operational condition
Ø combine speed and slow charging for efficient LCC
Ø take care of battery cooling / heating (vehicle construction, A/C)

Heating and air-conditioning
è significant part of e-bus power balance
   § technical reason – heating + A/C of batteries
   § comfort reason – heating + A/C of interior
   § nearly no waste heat from electric engine

Electric heating
   J 100% zero emission vehicle (in place of operation)
   L impact on power consumption à decrease of operational range

Diesel / Gas heating
   J stable operational range
   L 4-5x more fuel consumption, than preheaters in diesel buses

Ø decrease need of heating + A/C (battery ventilation, double glasses, etc.)
Ø allow heating + A/C also during charging (directly from supply network)

Battery capacity – daily operation cycle
            Opportunity e-bus incl. electric heating

9/2015     0% heating    1,08 kWh/km

10/2015   50% heating    1,60 kWh/km

1/2016    100% heating   2,13 kWh/km

Fleet solution – charging facilities
1 e-bus is OK → what about fleet of 100 e-buses ?

Electric power consumption
    § 100 x 12m e-bus (1,2-2,0 kWh/km) x 250 km = 30-50 MWh / day
    § 100 x 18m e-bus (1,8-3,0 kWh/km) x 250 km = 45-75 MWh / day

Overnight charging
    § number of charging places = number of buses
    § need of upgrade depot supply and installation

Opportunity charging
    § route and timetable planning – optimization of charging places
    § need of high power connection + infrastructure

Ø share another electricity supply network (tram, metro)
Ø need of IT support (charging verification, failure alert)

Fleet solution – required number of vehicles
                                     example               diesel             e-bus
Overnight charging
                                  no. of vehicles            100          125 (+25%)
   § limitation by                                        average           max.
     operational range        daily mileage / vehicle
                                                        250 km / day     200 km / day
                                daily mileage total      25 000 km         25 000 km

                                     example               diesel             e-bus
Opportunity charging
                                  no. of vehicles            100           107 (+7%)
   § limitation by
                                                        85% : 15%          80% : 20%
     charging breaks         operation time : breaks     (driver legal   (legal + charging
                                                           breaks)            breaks)

Today e-buses are still limiting on operational efficiency
   A) wait for battery development …
   B) choose only suitable parts of network (lines, shifts)
   C) re-plan network and timetables for e-buses

E-bus operation – cost drivers

    cost / km
                     e-bus / diesel            key reasons
    (example)
staff                 100 – 110 %             charging breaks
fuel / electricity     30 – 50 %             price and tax policy
amortization                                                            could be
                                                                        covered
                                         purchase price, lifecycle of
 - vehicle            200 – 250 %        batteries, operational range
                                                                         need of
 - infrastructure    quite significant     charging infrastructure      subsidies
maintenance            80 – 120 %                 reliability

Need of real support of low emission solution
Ø tax reduction – electricity for PT, (e-buses toll, …)
Ø subsidies – charging infrastructure, (e-buses purchase)

E-bus operation – possible solutions
 operation (lines/shifts)               solution (technology)

§ light                           Ø overnight charged e-bus
(low mileage, peak only, etc.)         Ø overnight + out of peak

§ mediocre                        Ø opportunity charged e-bus
                                      Ø terminus + key stops
§ heavy                               Ø partial trolleybus
(high mileage, high demand,       Ø trolleybus
hilly profile)
                                      Ø plug-in hybrid
§ heavy independent               Ø hybrid

There is no miracle nor universal solution
Ø choose proper solution to real operational conditions
Ø do not be afraid of combined solutions

E-bus project recommendation
Strategic phase
   § compare all possible solutions (feasibility, reliability)
   § discuss proper ratio between flexibility and dependence
   § calculate power supply possibilities (esp. for fleet solutions)

Planning phase
   §   need of complex solution (vehicle + infrastructure)
   §   calculate reserve for irregularities
   §   avoid too many unproven innovation (risk of reliability)
   §   do not forget operational IT support

Contracting phase
   § share of responsibilities and risks (maintenance, reliability, LC risks)
   § prefer open interfaces (HW, SW) for possible future development

Not easy, but possible ...

Thank you for your attention

   barchanekj@dpp.cz , www.dpp.cz