Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers - CMS.090 Finding aid prepared by Philip M. Kayal

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Guide to the Philip M. Kayal
   and Adele L. Younis Papers
             CMS.090
       Finding aid prepared by Philip M. Kayal

This finding aid was produced using the Archivists' Toolkit
                     March 13, 2015
        Describing Archives: A Content Standard

             Center for Migration Studies
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Table of Contents

 Summary Information ................................................................................................................................. 3

 Biography of Adele L. Younis......................................................................................................................5

 Biography of Philip M. Kayal.......................................................................................................................5

 History of the Syrian-Lebanese Community.................................................................................................5

 Scope and Contents note............................................................................................................................... 6

 Arrangement note...........................................................................................................................................6
 Administrative Information .........................................................................................................................7

 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................8
 Other Finding Aids note................................................................................................................................8

 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 9

      Series I: Philip M. Kayal Papers.............................................................................................................9

      Series II: Adele L. Younis Papers.........................................................................................................32

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Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Summary Information

Repository                  Center for Migration Studies

Creator                     Kayal, Philip M., 1943-

Creator                     Younis, Adele L.

Title                       Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers

Date [bulk]                 Bulk, 1962-1994

Date [inclusive]            1877-1994

Extent                      11.0 Linear feet in 8 boxes.

Language                    English

Language of Materials note Materials are in English, Arabic, and other languages.

Abstract                    The Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers document the research
                            of two scholars studying Arab-Americans and their emigration to the
                            United States. Kayal focused his studies mainly on Melkites, a group of
                            Syrian Catholics and one of their churches in Harlem, the Emmaus House.
                            The collection is made up of materials gathered during the course of his
                            research, including newsletters, articles, books, booklets, directories,
                            convention materials, film, and other ephemera. The collection also
                            contains the papers of Adele Younis and includes her original research
                            notes, her dissertation, short stories she wrote, papers presented at
                            conferences, and articles written by her and others. The collection also
                            contains a survey of the travels of Elias of Mosul, the first Iraqi Chaldean
                            to explore the Americas in the 1600s. The collection is especially rich in
                            documenting the Lebanese- and Syrian-American experiences.

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Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Preferred Citation note
Center for Migration Studies of New York; Collection Name (Collection #); Box; Folder.

                                                        - Page 4 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Biography of Adele L. Younis

 Adele Younis was born in 1907 of Syrian immigrant parents. She received a Bachelor of Science form
 the Rhode Island College of Education and a Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from
 Boston University. In 1956 she accepted a position at Salem State College, which later became Salem
 State University, in Salem, Massachusetts. There she taught the histories of antiquity, of the Middle East
 and also of U.S. immigration. In the 1960s she began her life’s work, a survey history of migration from
 the Middle East to the United States. She died in 1990. The Center for Migration Studies published her
 magnum opus as T he Coming of the Arabic-Speaking People to the United States in 1995.

Biography of Philip M. Kayal

 Professor Kayal received his B.A. at Fordham University,1965; M.A. at Fordham University,1966;
 and Ph.D. at Fordham University, 1970. He has done extensive research on the sociology of AIDS
 volunteerism and activism. His book, Bearing Witness: Gay Men's Health Crisis and the Politics of AIDS
 (Westview Press, 1993) examined the voluntary formation of the largest most successful AIDS service
 organization in the world.
 His other major research and publication area is on Arab-Americans. He co-curated the exhibit Arab-
 New York at the Museum of the City of New York and co-edited (with Kathleen Benson) A Community
 of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City (Museum of the City of New York and Syracuse
 University Press, 2002). In a related, but different vein, he recently published, with his cousin, Virginia
 Gerbino, A Taste of Syria (Hippocrene Press, 2002). He is also the director of the interdisciplinary Social
 and Behavioral Sciences program at Seton Hall University.

History of the Syrian-Lebanese Community

 Beginning after the Civil War, emigration from the Middle East was mostly Syrian Christian, a substantial
 number of whom were from Mount Lebanon. The community was called Syrian-Lebanese. Despite
 sharing history, culture, and organizations, these two populations were distinct and independent of one
 another. While socially intertwined the Lebanese began to develop their own "nationalistic" organizations.
 At the beginning, however, these immigrants were all called Syrians, if not Turks. The development of a
 Maronite/Lebanese identity among Syrians was a later occurrence. More recent emigrants from Lebanon

                                                          - Page 5 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

 are unfamiliar with the socio-poitics of the American Lebanese community and are not as caught up with
 the "religious identity" question characteristics of their American counterparts.
 Changes in the political, demographic, and geographic organization of the Middle East meant that there
 are hundreds of thousands of Middle Eastern Americans who derive their identities from other Arab
 ethnic groups. The term Arab is the preferred titled for all these newer American populations and widely
 used by Kayal in his later research. However, the collection emphasizes the early immigrants and their
 communities from Syria rather than the emigration from Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon.

Scope and Contents note

 This collection contains all the materials Philip M. Kayal used and acquired in his years of research on the
 Arab-American popular and the Syrian-American community in particular. His interest in the experience
 of Syrian Catholics, or Melkites, dominates the collection. The collection also contains many materials
 on Lebanese Americans, Muslim Arab Americans, and other Middle Eastern ethnic groups. Kayal's
 materials include ephemera collected by Kayal from Arab American and Syrian American communities,
 including newsletters, organizational publications, program bulletins, and other materials that he used for
 his writings and research.
 In addition to the materials donated by Kayal, the collection also includes the original research of Adele
 L. Younis. It includes a manuscript written by Elias of Mosul, an Iraqi Chaldean priest who toured the
 New World before the founding of the United States, translated into English. Her original research notes
 and documentation for her book, The Coming of the Arabic Speaking People to the United States, is also
 included in the collection.
 The scope and variety of materials in the collection is broad. Some materials included are unpublished
 manuscripts, others are readily accessible articles in journals and books, and some are from more difficult
 to locate sources. It also includes manuscripts, dissertations, newspaper clippings and even a film on
 the "Arabs" in America, produced by Mobil in the 1960s and documents the emigration and contains
 interviews with famous various Arab-Americans.

Arrangement note

 The collection is arranged into two series and further subdivided:
 Series I: Philip M. Kayal Papers
 Subseries A: Arab-American Secular and Church Convention Journals
 Subseries B: Articles from Texts or Books

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 Subseries C: Booklets
 Subseries D: Books
 Subseries E: Directories
 Subseries F: Dissertations
 Subseries G: Eastern Catholics: Melkites
 Subseries H: Emmaus House
 Subseries I: Film
 Subseries J: Magazines, Newspaper Articles, and Newspapers
 Subseries K: Newspapers
 Subseries L: Miscellaneous
 Subseries M: Newsletters
 Subseries N: Organization Publications
 Subseries O: Program Bulletins
 Subseries P: Published Journal Articles
 Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts
 Series II: Adele L. Younis Papers
 Subseries A: Articles (Manuscripts, Lectures)
 Subseries B: Books (Copies of and Texts)
 Subseries C: Short Stories written by Younis
 Subseries D: Unpublished Manuscripts by Younis

Administrative Information

Publication Information
 Center for Migration Studies

Revision Description
 Adapted into EAD and edited for DACS compliance by Nicole Greenhouse March 2015

Conditions Governing Access note
 Open to researchers by appointment.

Conditions Governing Use note
 Copyright is owned by the Center for Migration Studies. Permission to publish materials must be
 requested before use.

Immediate Source of Acquisition note

                                                           - Page 7 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

 From Philip M. Kayal and the estate of Adele L. Younis.

Processing Information note
 In 2015, this collection was entered into the Archivists' Toolkit in compliance with DACS.

Controlled Access Headings

 Corporate Name(s)

  • Catholic Church. Patriarchate of Antioch (Melchite).

 Subject(s)

  •   Arab Americans.
  •   Church work with immigrants |z Catholic Church.
  •   Immigrants |z Syria |x History.
  •   Syrian Americans

Other Finding Aids note

 The original inventory is available in print upon request.

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Series I: Philip M. Kayal Papers

 Collection Inventory

    Series I: Philip M. Kayal Papers

    Subseries A: Arab-American Secular and Church Convention Journals

   Scope and Contents note

    It has been the custom of virtually all Arab-American organizations, whether churches or secular
    associations, to publish journals every few years documenting their history and celebrating their
    members' affluence. Surveying their content illuminates family status, business interests, organizational
    memberships and links with other American institutions. Their content illuminates demographic and
    generational changes as well as changes of interest and emphasis.

                                                                                                     Box   Folder

                                                                                                      1      1
    "Arab-Americans: In the Struggle for Peace and Justice," American-Arab
    Anti-Discrimination Committee, 8th National Convention, May 2-5, 1991,
    Crystal Gateway Marriott, Alexandria, Va.

                                                                                                      1      2
    "Partners for Peace: The United States and the Arab World," National
    Association of Arab Americans. llth Ann. Conven., May 13-15, 1983.

                                                                                                      1      3
    "Seventh Annual Convention, National Association of Arab-Americans."
    May 3rd, 1979, Washington, D.C.

                                                                                                      1      4
    "The First Decade: 1967-1977," Convention Journal of the Association of
    Arab American University Graduates.

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Subseries A: Arab-American Secular and Church Convention Journals

                                                                                                  1   5
    "Sixth Melkite Convention," July 1-4, 1965, Church of the Virgin Mary,
    Brooklyn, NY.

                                                                                                  1   6
    "11th Annual Convention: Melkite Association of North America." June
    25-28, 1970; Americana Hotel, Miami Beach, Florida.

                                                                                                  1   7
    "Twelfth Annual Melkite Convention," June 24-27, 1971, Washington,
    D.C. , Holy Transfiguration Melkite Community.

                                                                                                  1   8
    "31st National Melkite Convention," Melkite Eparchy: St. Ann's Melkite
    Catholic Church, West Paterson, New Jersey, July 4-8th, 1990.

                                                                                                  1   9
    "Take Life From the Light That Never Dies," 19th Annual Melkite
    Convention of N. America, 1978, St. Ann's Melkite Community, Paterson,
    New Jersey.

                                                                                                  1   10
    "Thirty-Fourth National Melkite Convention, " Melkite Eparchy: Church
    of the Virign Mary, Brooklyn, NY, July 13-17th, 1994.

                                                                                                  1   11
    "Silver Jubilee: St. Ann's Church," Parish Hall Dedication, Paterson, NJ,
    1949.

                                                                                                  1   12
    "St. Ann's Golden Anniversay Dedication," Paterson, NJ, 1974.

                                                                                                  1   13
    "Fiftieth Anniversary Journal," St. George's Syrian Orthodox Church,
    Paterson, NJ., 1971.

                                                                                                  1   14
    "Sacred Heart Church Silver Jubilee Journal," Paterson, NJ, 1952.

                                                          - Page 10 -
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Subseries B: Articles from Texts or Books

                                                                                                    1     15
    "A Souvenir Journal of the Dedication of Sacred Heart Church," Paterson,
    NJ, 1963.

                                                                                                    1     16
    "St. Nicholas Home," (Brooklyn), Second Anniversary Journal, 1984.

    Subseries B: Articles from Texts or Books

   Scope and Contents note

    This section is derived from articles from general ethnic texts or readers. While they can be found in the
    original texts which most good libraries should have, they are offered here as copies.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    1     17
    Miller, Deborah L. "Middle Easterners: Syrians, Lebanese, Armenians,
    Egyptians, Iranians, Palestinians, Turks, Afghans." Pp. 511-530 in They
    Chose Minnesota; A Survey of the State 's Ethnic Groups, edited by June
    Drenning Holmquist. St. Paul: Minnesota Hi

                                                                                                    1     18
    Naff, Alixa. "The Arabic Language Press." Pp. 1-13 in The Ethnic Press in
    the United States; A Historical Analaysis and Handbook, edited by Sally
    M. Miller. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.

                                                                                                    1     19
    Zeidner, Robert. "From Babylon to Babylon: Immigration From The
    Middle East, Pp. 385-408 in The Peoples of Utah. edited by Helen Z.
    Papanikolas. Salt Lake City: Utah State Historical Society. 1975.

                                                                                                    1     20
    Zenner, Walter P. "Syrian Jews in New York Twenty Years Ago," Pp.
    173-193 in Fields of Offerings. edited by Victor Sanua. Cranbury, New
    Jersey: Assoc. of Univ Presses, 1983.

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Subseries C: Booklets

    Subseries C: Booklets

   Scope and Contents note

    Often, many organizations, such as the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, or individuals
    publish brief articles as booklets. Their content is issue specific. Some are academic papers and others
    are guides. The range is rather broad and each entry should be checked for content, etc. The booklets are
    not easily attainable. Hence, their placement in the Archives should be very helpful to researchers.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    1     21
    Al-Kindilchie, Amer Ibrahim. Arab Immigrants in the United States;
    Settlement. Press, and Organizations. New York: Mougaz Al-Anbaa, 1976.
    (In Arabic) .

                                                                                                    1     22
    Haji-Athanasiou, Rev. Mitri, Arab-Americans of Lansing. Michigan. St.
    Joseph's Church, 1977.

                                                                                                    1     23
    Doche, Vivian. Cedars by the Mississippi; the Lebanese-Americans in the
    Twin Cities. San Francisco: R&E Research, 1978

                                                                                                    1     24
    "Eyewitness to Israel's Terror in Lebanon," ADC Background Paper, # 7.
    1982.

                                                                                                    1     25
    "Israel and Torture: An Insight Inquiry," Palestine Human Rights
    Campaign, 1977.

                                                                                                    1     26
    Kayal, Philip M. , "An Arab-American Bibliographic Guide,"
    Bibliography Series, #4, October, 1985. Association of Arab-American
    University Graduated.

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Subseries C: Booklets

                                                                                                  1   27
    Macron, Mary Haddad. Arab-Americans and Their Communities of
    Cleveland. Cleveland: Cleveland State University, 1979.

                                                                                                  1   28
    Macron, Mary. A Celebration of Life; Memories of an Arab-American in
    Cleveland. ADC Issues, # 7, 1982.

                                                                                                  1   29
    "Mahrajan Al-Fan, "The Ethnic Polk Arts Center and the Mahrajan Al-Fan
    Organizing Committee , Brookyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum. September 11,
    1994.

                                                                                                  1   30
    Maloof, Louis. Intact and Immaculate; In Defense of the Irish of the
    East. Monograph from the Golden Jubilee Book of the Atlanta Maronite
    Community, Sept. 1962.

                                                                                                  1   31
    McGuire, James Patrick. The Syrian and Lebanese Texans . San Antonio:
    Univ. of Texas, Institute of Texan Culture, 1974.

                                                                                                  1   32
    Melkite Eparchy, Melkites in America (A Directory and Informative
    Handbook), Boston, 1971. (3 copies).

                                                                                                  1   33
    Moses, John G. From Mt. Lebanon to the Mohawk Valley; The Story of
    Syro-Lebanese Americans of the Utica Area. Copyright, John Moses,
    1981.

                                                                                                  1   34
    Moughrabi and Naseer Aruri. Lebanon; Crisis and Challenge in the Arab
    World. Detroit: AAUG, 1977.

                                                                                                  1   35
    Piotrowski, Thaddeus. The Lebanese Community of Manchester, N.H..
    Friends of New England College Library, 1976.

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Subseries D: Books

                                                                                                    1     36
    Sawaie, Mohammed. Arabic-speaking Immigrants In the United States and
    Canada. Lexington, KY: Mazda Publ., 1985.

                                                                                                    1     37
    Sayegh, Dr. Fayez A. Camp David and Palestine. Fayez A. Sayegh
    Foundation, 1982.

                                                                                                    1     38
    Selim, George Dimitri. The Arabs in the United States; A Selected List of
    References. Washington: Mideast Directions, 1983.

                                                                                                    1     39
    Wright, Edwin M. A Tale of Two Hamlets. Cleveland: The Northeast Ohio
    Commitee on Middle East Understanding, 1973.

                                                                                                    1     40
    Younis, Dr. Adele L. A Bicentennial Presentation; Our Near Eastern
    Heritage (Twin Cities; Fall River and New Bedford). Salem State College,
    1976.

                                                                                                    1     41
    Zeady, Faith. Camp David; A New Balfour Declaration. AAUG: Special
    Report #3, February, 1979.

                                                                                                    1     42
    Zogby, James. Taking Root, Bearing Fruit; The Arab-American
    Experience. Washington: ADC, 1984.

    Subseries D: Books

   Scope and Contents note

    While these books should be easily accessed in any good library, the nearly 30 books listed here are not
    always available.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

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Subseries D: Books

                                                                                                  2   43
    Abraham, Sameer and N. Abraham. Arabs in the New World: Studies on
    Arab-American Communities. Detroit: Wayne State Univ., 1983.

                                                                                                  2   44
    Abu-Laban, Baha and Faith Zeadey. Arabs in America. Wilmette, Illinois:
    Medina Univ. Press, 1975.

                                                                                                  2   45
    Abu-Laban and Michael Suleiman, "Arab Americans: Continuity and
    Change," Arab Studies Quarterly. (Double Issue), Vol.II:2-3; Spring/
    Summer, 1989.

                                                                                                  2   46
    Al-Hoda. The Story of Lebanon and its Emigrants as taken from the
    Newspaper "Al-Hoda." New York: Al-Hoda Press, 1968.

                                                                                                  2   47
    Anid, Cyril. I Grew With Them. Jounieh, Lebanon: Paulist Press
    (Paterson: St. Ann's Church), 1967.

                                                                                                  2   48
    Aswad, Barbara. Arabic Speaking Communities in American Cities. Staten
    Island: Center for Migration Studies & AAUG., 1974.

                                                                                                  2   49
    Cuddy, Dennis L. Contemporary American Immigration. Boston: Twayne
    Publishers, 1982.

                                                                                                  2   50
    Cunningham, Barbara, edit. The New Jersey Ethnic Experience. Union
    City, New Jersey: 1977.

                                                                                                  2   51
    Elkholy, Abdo A. The Arab Moslems in the United States; Religion and
    Assimilation. New Haven: College and University Press, 1966.

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Subseries D: Books

                                                                                                   2   52
    Haddad, Yvonne Y. and Adair T. Lummis. Islamic Values in the United
    States. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.

                                                                                                   2   53
    Haiek, Joseph. Arab-American Almanac. Glendale, California: The News
    Circle Publishing Co., 1975 and 1984.

                                                                                                   2   54
    Hagopian, Elaine and Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, editors. The Arab-Americans:
    Studies in Assimilation. Wilmette, Illinois: Medina University Press,
    1969.

                                                                                                   2   55
    Hanna, Faith M. An American Mission; The Role of the American
    University of Beirut. Boston: Alphabet Press, 1979.

                                                                                                   2   56
    Hooglund, Eric, edit. Crossing the Waters. Arabic-Speaking Immigrants to
    the United States Before 1940. Washington: Smithsonian Press, 1987.

                                                                                                   2   57
    Kayal, Philip and Joseph M. Kayal. The Syrian-Lebanese in America.
    Boston: Twayne, 1975.

                                                                                                   2   58
    Kayal, Philip, edit. Take Life from the Light that Never Dies. Paterson: St.
    Ann's Community, 1978. (See journals).

                                                                                                   2   59
    McKay, Jim. Phoenician Farewll; Three Generations of Lebanese
    Christians in Australia. Melbourne: Ashwood House, 1989.

                                                                                                   2   60
    Mehdi, Beverlee T. The Arabs in America; 1492-1977. Dobbs Ferry, NY:
    Oceana Publ. 1978.

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Subseries E: Directories

                                                                                                 2   61
    Nassar, Eugene Paul. Wind of the Land. Washington: Association of Arab-
    American University Graduates (AAUG), 1979.

                                                                                                 2   63
    Orfalea, Gregory. Wrapping the Grapeleaves; A Sheaf of Contemporary
    Arab-American Poets. Washington: ADC, 1982.

                                                                                                 2   62
    Orfalea, Gregory. Before the Flames: A Quest for the History of Arab-
    Americans. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1988.

                                                                                                 2   64
    Reid, Donald M. The Odyssey of Farah Antun. Minneapolis: Bibliotheca
    Islamica, 1975.

                                                                                                 2   65
    Saliba, Najib. Emigration From Syria and the Syrian-Lebanese Community
    of Worcester. MASS. Ligonier, Penna: Antakya Press, 1992.

                                                                                                 2   66
    Sengtock, Mary C. The Chaldean Americans; Changing Conceptions of
    Ethnic Identity. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

                                                                                                 2   67
    Selim, George D. American Doctoral Dissertations on the Arab World;
    1883-1974. Washington: Library of Congress, 1976.

                                                                                                 2   68
    Wakin, Edward. The Lebanese and Syrians in America. Chicago: Claretian
    Press, 1974.

    Subseries E: Directories

   Scope and Contents note

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Subseries F: Dissertations

    Several organizations print their membership directories. These directories could be useful as a guide to
    demographic changes and membership data.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    3     69
    Association of Arab-American Univ. Graduates, 1970, 1971, 1974. The
    Eastern Churches: Los Angeles Pastoral Directory. 1978.

    Subseries F: Dissertations

   Scope and Contents note

    While dissertations can be obtained from University Microfilms, some are not easy to access. This
    section includes several dissertations collected and used by Prof. Kayal in his research.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    3     70
    Haick, Maryann. "The Syrian-Lebanese Community of So. Ferry,
    1900-1977," Masters Thesis, Long Island University. 1979.

                                                                                                    3     71
    Hatab, Helen Regina. "Syrian-American Ethnicity: Structure and Ideology
    in Transition," Masters Thesis, American University of Beirut, Beirut,
    Lebanon, 1975.

                                                                                                    3     72
    Kayal, Philip M. "The Churches of the Catholic Syrians and Their Role in
    the Assimilation Process," Ph.D. dissertation, Fordham University, 1970.

                                                                                                    3     73
    Keck, Lois Tersa. "The Role of Migration in Maintaining and Changing
    an Ethnic Identity: The Case of the Egyptian-Americans in the
    Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan Region," Ph.d. Dissertation, SUNY &
    Binghamton, Dept. of Philosophy and Anthropology, 198

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Subseries G: Eastern Catholics: Melkites

                                                                                                    3     74
    Moser, Diane. "Hometown and Family Ties: The Marriage Registers of the
    Lebanese-Syrian Orthodox Churches of Montreal, 1905-1950," Masters
    Thesis, McGill University, Dept. of History, Montreal, 1990 (Bibliography
    Only).

    Subseries G: Eastern Catholics: Melkites

   Scope and Contents note

    As stated, Professor Kayal's original interest was the assimilation experience of Melkite Catholics in the
    United States. He was a moving force in that church and originally published The Melkite Newsletter
    and The Melkite Digest as a laymen for the Melkite Laymen's Association of North America. These
    fascinating entries cannot be found elsewhere. They cover various historical issues facing the Melkite
    church in North America.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    3     75
    Melkite Newsletters

                                                                                                    3     76
    Melkite Digest

                                                                                                    3     77
    Kayal on Melkites

                                                                                                    3     78
    Melkite Eparchy Debate: Malouf.

                                                                                                    3     79
    Articles on Ecumenicism

    Subseries H: Emmaus House

   Scope and Contents note

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Subseries I: Film

    One of the more interesting "American" projects of the Melkite Church in this country was the
    establishment of Emmaus House in Spanish Harlem by Fr. David Kirk. This was the first venture of
    Melkites outside the ethnic community. Its establishment and the debates around the nature and future of
    the Melkite Church in North America are very enlightening and make up the bulk of this section.

                                                                                                    Box   Folder

                                                                                                     3     80
    Articles by Fr. David Kirk.

                                                                                                     3     81
    Letters and Correspondence of Fr. David Kirk.

    Subseries I: Film

   Scope and Contents note

    In the late 1960's, at the height of anti-Arab feelings in this country, the Mobil Oil company put out an
    educational film on Arabs in America. It covers the causes of Arab immigration to the United States,
    the immigrants’ major settlements, their economic impact and their long-term assimilation, with special
    mention of people of Middle Eastern ancestry who became prominent in American life.

                                                                                                    Box   Folder

                                                                                                     3     82
    Film by Mobil Oil Corporation on Arabs in America.

    Subseries J: Magazines, Newspaper Articles, and Newspapers

   Scope and Contents note

    This section includes articles from magazines and newspapers not easily accessed. Sources are varied.

                                                                                                    Box   Folder

                                                                                                     3     83
    "The Arab Immigrants," Aramco World Magazine. Sept.-Oct., 1986.

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Subseries K: Newspapers

                                                                                                    3     84
    "Arabs In America," Aramco World Magazine. March-April, 1975.

                                                                                                    3     85
    "Abourezk Leads American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in Fight
    Against Stereotyping, "The News Circle. October, 1981.

                                                                                                    3     86
    "Israel's Beirut Massacre", July 17, 1981,: Palestine Perspectives. Palestine
    Information Office.

                                                                                                    3     87
    Kayal, Philip M. "Problems in Classification: Estimating the Arab-
    American Population," Migration Today. 2 (5), 1-2.

                                                                                                    3     88
    Kayal, Philip M. "Eastern Rites Supicious of Rome: Ask Respect for
    Catholic Diversity," The Catholic Messenger. Nov. 5, 1964.

                                                                                                    3     89
    Norden, Edward. "Every Bit As Good as You," Buzz, November, 1993,
    Pp. 82-285, 113-120.

                                                                                                    3     90
    "Nursing in the Arab East," Aramco World Magazine. March/April, 1974.

    Subseries K: Newspapers

   Scope and Contents note

    Over the years, dozens of articles have appeared in newspapers and in the popular press on the Arab-
    American population, especially newer Arab immigrant groups.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    3     91
    The New York Times

                                                           - Page 21 -
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Subseries L: Miscellaneous

                                                                                                   3      92
    Houston Chronicle. (1986)

                                                                                                   3      93
    New York Daily News

    Subseries L: Miscellaneous

   Scope and Contents note

    As the category indicates, this section includes reports, monographs and incidental publications or
    speeches.

                                                                                                  Box   Folder

                                                                                                   3      94
    Presidential Address, AAUG, 1971, Naseer Aruri.

                                                                                                   3      95
    "Immigration to the US From Turkey in Asia until 1898 and from Syria
    after 1898."

                                                                                                   3      96
    The Arab World (2 issues)

    Subseries M: Newsletters

   Scope and Contents note

    It has been the custom of all Arab-American organizations to publish newsletters. Virtually all such
    publications of the major Arab-American organizations are included here, especially early issues. Some
    organizations publish several such newsletters under somewhat different titles.

                                                                                                  Box   Folder

                                                                                                   4      97
    American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee

                                                          - Page 22 -
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Subseries M: Newsletters

                                                                                                 4   98
    ADC Reports

                                                                                                 4   99
    ADC Times

                                                                                                 4   100
    ADC Issue Papers

                                                                                                 4   101
    ANERA

                                                                                                 4   102
    Arab American Institute (ADC)

                                                                                                 4   103
    Association of Arab-American University Graduates

                                                                                                 4   104
    AAUG Information Papers and Special Reports

                                                                                                 4   105
    Melkite Newsletters & Melkite Digest (see above)

                                                                                                 4   106
    Merip Reports

                                                                                                 4   107
    Mideast Monitor (AAUG)

                                                                                                 4   108
    Political Focus (NAAA)

                                                                                                 4   109
    The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs

                                                                                                 4   110
    The Link

                                                                                                 4   111
    Voice (National Assoc. of Arab-Americans)

                                                         - Page 23 -
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Subseries N: Organization Publications

    Subseries N: Organization Publications

   Scope and Contents note

    This section includes various publications by organizations. Some of these offerings could be listed as
    booklets.

                                                                                                  Box   Folder

                                                                                                   4     112
    "ADC After 2 Years," ADC Reports. American Arab Anti-Discrimination
    Committee. No. 15, November/December, 1982.

                                                                                                   4     113
    "Claiming Our Rights," ADC Reports. ADC, Summer, 1984.

                                                                                                   4     114
    "Fact Sheet: American Attitudes Toward the Palestine Question, A
    National Survery", Nov. 1982. Institute of Arab Studies, Inc.

                                                                                                   4     115
    Hagopian, Elaine and Samih Farsoun. South Lebanon. Detroit: AAU6
    (Association of Arab-American University Graduates), 1978.

                                                                                                   4     116
    Hagopian, Elaine, edit. Amal and the Palestinians: Understanding the
    Battle of the Camps. AAUG, 1985.

                                                                                                   4     117
    Haick (DiNapoli) , Mary Ann. "The Brooklyn Arab Community of So.
    Ferry," New Routes. (The Newsletter of the Ethnic Folk Arts Center),
    Winter, 1994.

                                                                                                   4     118
    Hooglund, Eric. Israel's Arms Exports; Proxy Merchant for the U.S. ADC
    Background Paper # 8, ca. 1983.

                                                          - Page 24 -
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Subseries N: Organization Publications

                                                                                                   4   119
    Hooglund, Eric, U.S. Press Coverage of the Israeli Invasion of Lebanon.
    ADC, Issue # 10, ca. 1982.

                                                                                                   4   120
    "Israel's Occupation of Palestine and Other Arab Territories," AAUG
    Information Papers. AAUG, July 1970.

                                                                                                   4   121
    "Israel's War on Lebanon," ADC, ADC publication (1992) .

                                                                                                   4   122
    Macron, Mary. Arab Contributions to Civilization. ADC, #6, ca. 1982.

                                                                                                   4   123
    "Marching for the Dream," ADC Reports. ADC, Summer, 1993.

                                                                                                   4   124
    Michalak, Dr. Laurence. "Cruel and Unusual: Negative Image of Arabs
    in Popular American Culture". ADC Issues. American Arab Anti-
    Discrimination Committee, Issue # 19, January 1984.

                                                                                                   4   125
    "Saving the Children," ADC Reports. Amer. Arab Anti-Disc. Com., # 17,
    March-April, 1983.

                                                                                                   4   126
    "Where 4,390,000 Palestinians Have Scattered," Information Office of the
    Palestine Liberation Organization, March, 1982.

                                                                                                   4   127
    Zenner, Walter P., "Chicago's Unknown Jews: Story of Local Sephardim,"
    Chicago Jewish History (Chicago Jewish Historical Society), Vol. XII:3,
    March, 1989.

                                                                                                   4   128
    Zogby, James. Arab-America Today: A Demographic Profile of Arab-
    Americans. Washington: Arab American Institute, 1990.

                                                           - Page 25 -
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Subseries O: Program Bulletins

    Subseries O: Program Bulletins

   Scope and Contents note

    The program bulletins of various events or journals of various organizational seminars are included here.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    4     129
    "For Cooperation and Arab-American Unity." Fifth Pan American Arab
    Congress and First Inter-American Arab Conference. Washington, D.C.,
    October 8-11, 1981.

                                                                                                    4     130
    "Philip K. Hitti," Spectrum. Immigration History Research Center. St.
    Paul: Univ. of Minnesota, Vol. 4 # 3, Winter/Spring, 1984.

                                                                                                    4     131
    Souvenir Programme of the Historical Visit of His Beatitude Maximos
    V Hakim to the 40th International Eucharistic Congress. Melbourne,
    Australia, February, 1973.

                                                                                                    4     132
    Skaff, Elias Rev. Reminiscences (1936-1986). (Golden Jubilee Celebration
    as Melkite priest and pastor in Brooklyn and Lebanon), 1986.

    Subseries P: Published Journal Articles

   Scope and Contents note

    Articles printed in scholarly journals are included here.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                           - Page 26 -
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Subseries P: Published Journal Articles

                                                                                                    5   133
    "Arab-Americans: Continuity and Change," Studies Quarterly (Special
    Double Issue), books above.

                                                                                                    5   134
    El-Badry, Samia. "The Arab-American Market," American Demographics.
    (A publication of Dow Jones & Co.)/ Vol. 16:1, January, 1994.

                                                                                                    5   135
    Houghton, Louise Seymour. "Syrians in the United States," Parts 1-IV,
    The Survey Magazine. 1911.

                                                                                                    5   136
    Kassees, Assad. "Cross Cultural Comparative Families of a Christian Arab
    People," Journal of Marriage and the Family. August, 1972, Pp. 538-544.

                                                                                                    5   137
    Kayal, Philip M., "Eastern Orthodox Exogamy and "Triple" Melting
    Pot Theory: Herberg Revisited," St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly.
    Vol.25:4, 1981, Pp.239-257.

                                                                                                    5   138
    Kayal, Philip M. "Report: Counting the 'Arabs' Among Us," Arab Studies
    Quarterly. Vol. 9:1 (Winter), 1987, Pp. 98-104.

                                                                                                    5   139
    Kayal, Philip M. "Religion and Assimilation: Catholic 'Syrians' in
    America," International Migration Review. Vol. VII:4, Winter, 1973, Pp.
    409-426.

                                                                                                    5   140
    Kayal, Philip M. "America's Arabs." Pp. 221-239 in Contemporary
    American Immigration, edited by D. Cuddy. Boston: Twayne Publ., 1982.

                                                                                                    5   141
    Kayal, Philip M. "Religion in the Christian Syrian-American Community."
    Pp. 111-136 in Arabic-speaking Communities in American Cities. Edited
    by Barbara Aswad. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1974.

                                                            - Page 27 -
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Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts

                                                                                                  5     142
    Lovell, Emily Railed. "A Survey of the Arab-Muslims in the United States
    and Canada," The Muslim World. LXIII:2, 1973, Pp. 139-154.

                                                                                                  5     143
    Nigem, Elias. "Arab-Americans: Migration, Socioeconomic and
    Demographic Characteristics," International Migration Review. Vol. 20:3,
    1986.

                                                                                                  5     144
    Pulcini, Theodore. "Trends in Research on Arab-Americans," Journal of
    American Ethnic History." Vol. 12:4 (Summer), 1993.

                                                                                                  5     145
    Sawaie, Mohammed. "The Present and Future Status of a Minority
    Language: The Case of Arabic in the United States," Journal of
    Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Vol. 7:1, 1986, Pp. 31-40.

                                                                                                  5     146
    Shakir, Evelyn. "Coming of Age: Arab-American Literature," Ethnic
    Forum; Journal of Ethnic Studies and Ethnic Bibliography. Vol. 13:2 and
    Vol. 14:1, 1993-94, Pp. 63-80.

                                                                                                  5     147
    Zenner, Walter P., "Arabic-speaking immigrants in North America as
    Middleman minorities," Ethnic and Racial Studies. Vol. 5:4, October,
    1982, Pp. 457-477.

    Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts

   Scope and Contents note

    The original papers presented at various seminars and conventions are presented here. Many have since
    been edited, revised, and published in various publications. However, these are the originals.

                                                                                                 Box   Folder

                                                         - Page 28 -
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Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts

                                                                                                  5   148
    Conklin, Nancy Faires and Nora Faires. "Colored and Catholic: The
    Lebanese Community in Birmingham, Alabama." Paper Presented at
    Philip K. Hitti Symposium on Arabic Speaking Immigration, Immigration
    History Research Center, Univ. of Minnesota, June 3-4, 1

                                                                                                  5   149
    Dahbany-Miraglia, Dina. "Random Thoughts on the Position of Women
    Among Early Arab Immigants," n.d.

                                                                                                  5   150
    Dahbany-Miraglia, Dina. "Yemenite Jewish Immigration and Adaptation
    to the United States: 1905-1941." Paper presented at Hitti Symposium in
    1983. Eventually published in Hooglund, ibid.

                                                                                                  5   151
    Daher, Michael. "Arabesque: Radio as the Medium." Draft, ca. 1983.

                                                                                                  5   152
    Delk, Robert. "Arabic-speaking Immigrants in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    Area," ca. 1940.

                                                                                                  5   153
    Doche, Vivian. "The Process of Assimilation Among the Lebanese In the
    Twin Cities," ca. 1979.

                                                                                                  5   154
    Dweik, Dr. Bader. "Language Maintenance and Language Shift Among
    Lebanese Immigrants in Buffalo, NY.," Hitti Symposium, IHRC, Univ. of
    Minn., 1983.

                                                                                                  5   155
    Gibran, Jean. "Gibran's Artistic Roots," ca. 1983, Also see Hooglund, ibid.

                                                                                                  5   156
    Gibran, Jean. "The Process of Discovering Gibran", 1983. Also see
    Hooglund, ibid.

                                                          - Page 29 -
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Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts

                                                                                                  5   157
    Habiby, Raymond. "The Church of St. Elijah: Arab Immigrants Adapt to
    Oklahoma," IHRC, Univ. of Minn., June 3, 1983. Hooglund, ibid.

                                                                                                  5   158
    Halaby, Raouf J."The Debate in 'The Syrian World over the Future of the
    Syrian-Lebanese In America," 1983.

                                                                                                  5   159
    Hooglund, Eric. "The Arabic-Speaking Immigrants of Maine: 1890-1940."
    IHRC Symposium, Univ. of Minn., 1983.

                                                                                                  5   160
    John, Sarah E. "Arabic-Speaking Immigration to the El-Paso Area,
    1900-1935," 1983.

                                                                                                  5   161
    Kayal, Philip M. "Religion and Community Formation Among Syrian-
    Americans," Paper Presented at Hitti Symposium. IHRC, Univ. of Minn.,
    1983.

                                                                                                  5   162
    Khalaf, Samir (1987), "Background and Causes of Lebanese/Syrian
    Emigration to the United States, 1880-1940". Original Paper at Hitti
    Symposium. Eventually published in Crossing the Waters (Washington,
    DC: Smithsonian, 1987), edited by E. Hooglund.

                                                                                                  5   163
    Menconi, Evelyn A. "The William G. Abdalah Memorial Library in West
    Roxbury, Mass.", IHRC, Univ. of Minn., June, 1983.

                                                                                                  5   164
    Orfalea, Greg. "There's a Wire Brush in My Bones", (short story).

                                                                                                  5   165
    Naff, Alixa. "Becoming American: Peddling and the Syrian Immigrants to
    World War I," ca. 1983.

                                                          - Page 30 -
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Subseries Q: Unpublished Manuscripts

                                                                                                     5   166
    Nasser, Paul E. "Homage to the Early Lebanese Immigrants."

                                                                                                     5   167
    Peters, Issa. "The Arabic-Speaking Community in Central Arizona," ca.
    1985.

                                                                                                     5   168
    Samore, Lee T. "A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lebanese Orthodox
    Christian Community in Sioux City, Iowa," ca. 1983.

                                                                                                     5   169
    Sawaie, Mohammed. "Language Loyalty and Language Shift Among
    Early Arabic-speaking Immigrants," ca. 1980.

                                                                                                     5   170
    Serra-Truzzi, Oswaldo. "Developing Country, Developed Trajectory:
    Syrians and Lebanese in Brazil and the United States, A Comparative
    Approach," 1994. (published eventually in Journal of American Ethnic
    History).

                                                                                                     5   171
    Shakir, Evelyn. "Good Works, Good Times: The Syrian Ladies' AID
    Society." (later published).

                                                                                                     5   172
    Shakir, Evelyn. "Work and Love: Syrian-Lebanese Women Tell Their
    Story," (1980's).

                                                                                                     5   173
    Shakir, Evelyn. "Religious Diversity and Ethnic Cohesion: A Three
    Generational Analysis of Syrian-Lebanese Christians in Sydney," 1983.

                                                                                                     5   174
    Shakir, Evelyn. "Syrian-Lebanese Women in America," 1981.

                                                                                                     5   175
    Shenk, Dena. "The Changing Identity of Christian-Lebanese
    Americans." (ca. 1979).

                                                             - Page 31 -
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Series II: Adele L. Younis Papers

                                                                                                       5     176
    Suleiman, Michael. "Arab Views of America: The Early Years." Paper
    Presented at Hitti Symposium in St. Paul, Minn., IHRC, 1983.

    Series II: Adele L. Younis Papers

   Scope and Contents note

    Adele Younis is considered the dean of Arab-American scholarship, matching in erudition and
    dedication the great Arabist, Philip K. Hitti of Princeton University.

    Younis began preparing a manuscript surveying the history of Arab Americans in the 1960s but did not
    complete it. She died in 1990, having willed her papers to the Center for Migration Studies, which used
    them first to complete her manuscript, publishing The Coming of the Arab-Speaking People in the United
    States in 1993. At that point Philip Kayal arranged the papers for this collection.

    Adele Younis had many lives as both a scholar, historian, teacher, and writer. Her collection includes
    all her original research notes used in the book, her dissertation, short stories she has written, papers
    presented at conferences, and a collection of articles and papers which she either wrote or acquired from
    others. Among her documentation are the papers of the "Syrian naturalization" issue and her news clips
    of Syrian-Americans in the military. Also included is the 300 year old survey of the travels of Elias of
    Mosul to the New World. He was a Chaldean priest from Iraq who toured the Americas in the 1600's,
    documenting his encounters with Indians and Spaniards as he travelled. This is an incredible historical
    document not easily available or accessible to scholars till now.

    Subseries A: Articles (Manuscripts/Lectures)

   Scope and Contents note

    In her research, Adele collected many articles and attended many lectures where papers were delivered.
    She also collected papers and news articles from now defunct newspapers. The most significant paper in
    this section is that of Elias of Mosul, the first Iraqi Chaldean to explore the Americas.

                                                                                                      Box   Folder

                                                              - Page 32 -
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Subseries B: Books

                                                                                                    6   177
    Baxter, James. "The Haystack Story," William College, 1956.

                                                                                                    6   178
    Eilts, Hermann Frederick,"Ahmad Bin Na'Aman's Mission to the United
    States in 1840, The Voyage of Al-Sultanah to New York City," Essex
    Institute: Historical Collections, October, 1962.

                                                                                                    6   179
    Malouf, Faris. "The Eastern States Federation," The Federation Herald.
    April, 1954.

                                                                                                    6   180
    Rabbath, Fr.Anton, editor, "The Most Ancient Trip Narration of an
    Oriental to America," by Fr. Elias of Mosoul. (The translation by Fr.
    Lucien Maloof). ca. 1906.

                                                                                                    6   181
    Rabbath, ibid. (in Spanish)

                                                                                                    6   182
    Sarkis, S.S., "The United Hearts in The United States: Spiridon J. Jeha and
    the Marriage to Elizabeth Phillips," Court Case and documentation.

                                                                                                    6   183
    Shalhoob, George Nassir. "Maronites of St. Louis," Lebanese-American
    Journal. May 16, 1960.

                                                                                                    6   184
    Zaidan, Mrs. Hana Dabaghi, "My Life Between East and West," Pamphlet
    in Memory of Rev. Joseph Zaidan. A Diary, (ca. 1964).

    Subseries B: Books

   Scope and Contents note

                                                            - Page 33 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Subseries C: Files (Folders)

    This section includes some Arabic-language texts, her original dissertation, and all the notes for her book
    The Coming of the Arabic-Speaking People to the United States. Her footnotes and personal sources are
    all included.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    6     185
    Miller, Lucius Hopkins. Our Syrian Population. Dec. 31, 1903. Harvard
    Library.

                                                                                                    6     186
    Early Arab-American Novel in Arabic.

                                                                                                    6     187
    "Tales of the Emigrants." by Abdel Maseeh Haddad, Translation by Lucien
    Maloof. (Also in Arabic).

                                                                                                    6     188
    United Hearts in America, (Arabic version).

                                                                                                    7     189
    "The Coming of the Arabic-Speaking People to the United States,"
    Original Younis Dissertation.

                                                                                                    7     190
    Original chapters and notes on book published in 1995 at the Center for
    Migration Studies, Staten Island: The Coming of the Arabic-Speaking
    People to the United States, edited by Philip Kayal.

    Subseries C: Files (Folders)

   Scope and Contents note

    When preparing her collection, loose articles and materials were put in folders and labelled accordingly
    by topic. She had information and notes on subjects ranging from "Islamic Centers in the United States"
    to the "Syrian Naturalization Issue," press releases about her work and her book, and other assorted
    materials.

                                                           - Page 34 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Subseries C: Files (Folders)

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    8     191
    Al-Kullihav Magazine (AUB and Bliss speech).

                                                                                                    8     192
    Arab-American Military Personnel

                                                                                                    8     193
    Biographical Sketches of Adele Younis

                                                                                                    8     194
    Book Outline

                                                                                                    8     195
    Dissertation Bibliography

                                                                                                    8     196
    Governor's Praise of Syrians (letters to Younis)

                                                                                                    8     197
    Islam (Latin America)

                                                                                                    8     198
    Islamic Centers in U.S. and Detroit

                                                                                                    8     199
    Misc. Reviews and Book Notes

                                                                                                    8     200
    News Release about Her Book

                                                                                                    8     201
    Rabbitah (in Arabic)

                                                                                                    8     202
    St. Louis World Fair

                                                                                                    8     203
    The United States Court Issues Regarding Syrian Naturalization

                                                           - Page 35 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Subseries D: Short Stories

                                                                                                    8     204
    Newspaper Clippings

                                                                                                    8     205
    Younis Biography and News Releases

    Subseries D: Short Stories

   Scope and Contents note

    Adele often fancied herself a literary critic. She undertook the writing of short stories about her life and
    Arab-American themes. They were handwritten on yellow pads and reveal her interests and the world
    she lived in.

                                                                                                   Box   Folder

                                                                                                    8     206
    Collected Stories and Poems (Manilla Folder)

                                                                                                    8     207
    Damascus Delight

                                                                                                    8     208
    Malouf Translation of Short Stories

                                                                                                    8     209
    Resurrection Remembered

    Subseries E: Unpublished Manuscripts

   Scope and Contents note

    Not all of Adele Younis's research was published.She wrote many professional papers, mostly on early
    Arab emigration to the United States, and delivered them at conferences in the United States and in
    the Middle East. Younis was an accomplished historian and this section includes many of her research

                                                           - Page 36 -
Guide to the Philip M. Kayal and Adele L. Younis Papers CMS.090

Subseries E: Unpublished Manuscripts

    papers on various topics like the arrival of Algerian Freedom Fighters in the United States and a review
    of Arab-American poets.

                                                                                                  Box   Folder

                                                                                                   8     210
    Younis, Adele. "Fall River and Unusual Settlement Patterns," Salem
    Geographical Society, 1980. (Unpublished manuscript)

                                                                                                   8     211
    Younis, Adele L. , "Muslim Minorities in the United States of America,"
    Salem State College, 1982. Prepared for the Conference on Muslims at
    King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

                                                                                                   8     212
    Younis, Adele. "Biographical Sketches of Leading Arabic Poets In
    America," Prepared by Abdulmassih Haddad, Editor of As-Saher for the
    Dept. of State, IPS, Middle East Branch, 1953.

                                                                                                   8     213
    "Individual Muslim Arab from the Exploration Era to Crisis in
    Nationalism," See book or dissertation.

                                                                                                   8     214
    "Salem and the Early Syrian Venture," Essex Institute, October, 1966.

                                                                                                   8     215
    "The Application of Mandates in the Middle East," Boston University,
    Dept. of History, 1958.

                                                                                                   8     216
    "Vignettes of Arabs Role in American History," Salem State College,
    1968.

                                                                                                   8     217
    "The Middle East Between World War One and the Mandate System,"
    Boston University.

                                                          - Page 37 -
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Subseries E: Unpublished Manuscripts

                                                                                                   8   218
    "The Challenge of Commerce: The Syrian American Directory Almanac
    by Arida and Andria," 1930 (commentary by Younis).

                                                                                                   8   219
    "Twin Cities: Fall River and New Bedford." (See booklets in Archive
    collection.)

                                                                                                   8   220
    "Early Algerian Freedom Fighters in the United States: 1877-1879."

                                                                                                   8   221
    "The Arabs in the United States: A Century of American Life," Part I: The
    Forerunners (see book or dissertation for printed version).

                                                           - Page 38 -
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