Leveraging lidar for offshore wind energy - Vaisala
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Leveraging lidar for offshore wind energy
Around the world, offshore wind energy is Offshore wind farms promise excellent wind availability
and energy capture, do not disrupt communities, and are
gaining speed. Growing interest and the project immune to many common performance degradations that
come with complex terrain and onshore wind farm crowding.
pipeline in Europe, China, and other parts of the
They also bring a new set of challenges for wind
world are expected to contribute around 20% of measurement that require new practices and technology,
including:
new installations by 2025 — impressive growth
compared to 2020 estimates. As the world’s largest • Accurately assessing wind characteristics for very large
turbines and areas
regional offshore wind market, Europe is expected • Obtaining precise wind data on the water, at long ranges
from the shoreline
to maintain steady growth. China is expected to • Operating in harsh, salted environments far from
maintenance resources
continue dominating the Asian market challenged These challenges are compounded by the fact that met
by such countries as Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. masts are often either impossible or prohibitively expensive
to deploy and maintain offshore. Even if a met mast is
The United States is entering the offshore wind feasible, it cannot easily measure up to the full height of
today’s turbines.
market with developers planning to implement about
All of these factors have made new, reliable ways of
nine gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind by 2026. assessing the wind even more critical for offshore projects.
Fortunately, remote sensing solutions are already proven,
trusted, and ready.
© Vaisala 2021
Contents
Offshore applications: Solution matrix 4
Offshore use cases and examples 5
WRA: DNV GL 5
Floating lidar system validation with Akrocean 5
WRA: Engie 6
Construction and commissioning: Siemens Gamesa 7
Wind operations: SSE Renewables 7
Research and development: Centrale Nantes 8
Download the webinar 9
The technologies 10
© Vaisala 2021
Offshore applications: Solution matrix
Lidar systems are comprehensive, compatible, and simple to deploy and repurpose throughout the life cycle of an offshore project. Because they are so easily
integrated, they can grow with you as your needs change.
Wind resource assessment / Construction / Post-construction / Post-construction /
Lidar type
pre-construction commissioning operations research
Green Platform Nearshore Farm Craning PPT - Permanent PPT during Blocking Wake losses Wind farm wake Turbine control Wind farm Short-term
field available situation extension Ship Contractual wind operations Effect studies effect Cost reduction, control forecasting
or platform Impact of operations Power Curve monitoring Understand Understand Impact of existing AEP increase Global Monitor
close to existing optimization Off-grid wind farm production wind farm on increase upcoming wind
island or farms compensation layout intra-farm neighbors and of farm minutes in
lighthouse impacting losses extension production advance
wind ahead
Offshore –
buoy mounted
+vessels/ships/
floating drones
•
Offshore –
used fixed • • • •
Nacelle-
mounted • • •
Long-range
scanning • • • • • • •
© Vaisala 2021
Offshore use cases and examples
Lidar is meeting many previously unmet needs for As the world’s leading classification society, DNV Among their findings:
offshore developers and operators, and can also GL is a recognized advisor for the maritime and
provide critical data for studying and implementing other industries. The organization provides highly • Lidar was shown to provide better data and
wind farm extensions. Here are some of examples of acclaimed testing, certification, and advisory services modelling with reduced uncertainty and risk
the most common and beneficial use cases for which to the energy value chain. • Costs on average 80% less than met masts to
lidar is especially well-suited. develop and deploy
DNV GL presented a detailed analysis in • Achieves the best practice performance criteria
DNV GL: Analysis of lidar for WRA 2020 to compare today’s most commonly used wind set out by the Carbon Trust OWA Roadmap
measurement technologies: met masts, fixed lidar,
Wind resource assessment (WRA) is the make-or- floating lidar systems (FLS), scanning lidar, and other AKROCEAN: FLS validation
break point for any wind farm project. Lidar supports methods such as met buoys.
the challenges of WRA to prove wind availability and DNV GL completed an independent validation
characteristics, essential to ensure project viability The organization focused their analysis on floating assessment of the WINDSEA floating lidar offshore
and return on investment. Lidars can facilitate lidar technology by reviewing: wind measurement device on behalf of AKROCEAN,
offshore WRA in several ways including floating an organization providing services for offshore
lidar systems, offshore vertical profiling lidar, and • The Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator monitoring and site assessment*.
scanning lidar. Floating Lidar Roadmap
• Sources of uncertainty and variability From April to October of 2018, DNV GL completed
in determining bankable energy the validation process off the coast of France. During
production assessments this time, the FLS was subject to a wide range of
• Wind measurement uncertainty using an FLS weather conditions and achieved an overall post-
uncertainty calculation framework (IEA RP18: processed data availability above 95% at the 51m,
Floating Lidar Systems, 2017) 91m, and 111m configured heights. The device also
• Current industry guidance from OWA, IEA, and IEC recorded wind speed and direction data with an
accuracy in line with CT OWA Roadmap best practice
acceptance criteria.
*DNV GL, “Validation of the WINDSEA_02 Floating LiDAR at the Fécamp offshore platform”, Ref. L2C149488-FRPR-R-01, Rev. C, 05 April 2019
© Vaisala 2021
The results at these heights showed the verification Engie: Validate wind modeling with The accuracy of wind models in offshore conditions
uncertainty levels of the unit ranged from 1.5% to scanning lidar are generally higher due to lack of appropriate
3.1% for wind speed bins from 4m/s to 16m/s. These parameterization schemes for resolving the land-
are important indicators for wind farm developers to: sea interaction effects. To assess the accuracy of
the offshore models, Engie conducted a six-week
• Obtain an accurate estimation of the wind campaign at one of their offshore wind farms off the
resource at a potential offshore wind farm site coast of southern France.
• Reduce project uncertainty
• Achieve better financial conditions for The campaign included two comparisons: scanning
project realization lidar vs. mesoscale modeling and scanning lidar
vs. vertical profiler. The experiment setup included
It also contributes to reduce the levelized cost of a scanning lidar on the coast to measure accurate
energy — important for helping to move the offshore wind speed and direction at multiple distances
wind industry forward. and heights above mean sea level, and a vertical
profiler on the coast to correlate the measurements
from offshore to onshore conditions, to assess the
land-sea interaction effects. Profiles of wind speed
measurements at 5km and 9km from the scanning
First project of Akrocean in lidar were assimilated to the offshore wind model to
France after validation by reduce the bias and improve the overall assessment
DNV GL: of the Annual Energy Production (AEP) of the future
wind farm.
250 + 250MW floating project
12NM from the coast Scanning lidar vs. mesoscale modeling findings:
80 ~100m of depth
Engie is a manufacturer and integrator of renewable • Discrepancies among sectors were significant:
energy solutions for wind, solar, and marine relative error observed for southeast winds is
Wind and Metocean studies and
applications. Based in France, the organization is three times as much as northwest winds.
public consultation launched by dedicated to advancing and digitalizing renewable • Wind direction measured by the scanning lidar are
French Energy Ministry in 2020 energy and zero-carbon transition worldwide. in line with mesoscale data at 5km 100m height.
=>Tender 2021 (first 250 MW) • The comparison between the scanning lidar and
mesoscale data showed that it was possible to
apply a correction factor to the mesoscale data
using the scanning lidar as a reference.
© Vaisala 2021
Scanning lidar vs. vertical profiler findings: Lidar has many benefits over met masts, giving SSE Renewables: Nacelle-mounted lidar
Siemens Gamesa several advantages as a top- for operational PPT
• Both lidars were deployed on the deck of a cargo tier manufacturer:
boat standing by the sea. The scanning lidar was Lidar can replace a met mast on permanent
initially configured in a DBS configuration for three Overall benefits wind farms to monitor performance and losses
days to verify and compare the wind vertical when a turbine is stopped or the farm is off
profile from 40m to 200m high. • Quick deployment with shorter campaigns the grid. Nacelle-mounted lidar is ideal for
• The scanning lidar was first compared to a V1+ • Lower measurement campaign and crucial operational PPT campaigns where it can
vertical profiler lidar system. The correlation equipment costs quickly, easily, and affordably troubleshoot and
between both systems was almost perfect (R² = • Location flexibility identify underperformance.
98,9%; slope = 1,0027).
Nacelle-mounted lidar
Siemens Gamesa: Construction
and commissioning • Wider measurement sector without loss
of correlation provides faster power
Lidars are commonly used for different wind farm curve calculations
development and operation applications such • Reduces uncertainty by aligning with the
as craning and mounting operations, contractual wind direction
power curve verification, and IEC-compliant PPT. • Yaw error detection
One lidar unit can be used to conduct PPT for
multiple turbines.
As one of the world's biggest
wind turbine manufacturers,
Siemens Gamesa Renewable SSE Renewables is a leading developer and operator
Energy provides offshore and of renewable energy across the UK and Ireland, with
onshore wind services and is a portfolio that includes the largest offshore wind
well-known as a renewable development pipeline in the region. The organization
energy industry leader. For works hard to keep the turbines running in
several years, the company has top condition.
been using nacelle-mounted
lidar in place of met masts to When they wanted to carry out some blade erosion
conduct PPT. repairs at one of the sites, SSE decided to run a
PPT campaign to help determine the impact of the
© Vaisala 2021
blade repairs on turbine performance. The challenge Central Nantes: Scanning lidar for R&D scanning lidar on the floating platform of a wind
was deciding which technology to use. SSE selected turbine, where it will analyze the wind resource
nacelle-mounted lidar to conduct their PPT campaign With its real-time data, wind lidar is frequently being and the wind turbine wake.
because of its ability to collect data over multiple used to decrease uncertainties compared to statistical
heights and distances in front of the turbine, models. Promising research and development LHEEA deployed a long-range scanning lidar
straightforward installation and configuration, and purposes now include wake loss and blockage effect based on its high performance, reliability, and
far lower implementation costs. studies, short-term forecasting, and wind farm control. remote access. The 360° spatial capabilities
of the lidar make it a leading instrument for
Nacelle-mounted lidar allows SSE to measure wind analysis. Its versatility offers operational
multiple parameters, measure different ranges at possibilities across research themes in the LHEEA
the same time, relocate the device to other locations laboratory, such as developing Marine Renewable
as needed, and conduct their own research projects. Energies and increasing knowledge of the
SSE plans to continue using the nacelle-mounted atmospheric environment.
lidars on other wind farms and are already adding
one to another site. The combination of lidars will Scanning lidar is supporting several research
ensure efficient and reliable PPT and research initiatives in the LHEEA laboratory, where its
projects long into the future. availability is quickly advancing the laboratory as
a major national player. It is an important lever in
establishing collaborative research programs and has
“SSE recognizes the importance of Centrale Nantes is a French engineering school. Their already led to the submission and launch of several
understanding the performance of a wind innovative Research Laboratory in Hydrodynamics, national and international research collaborations.
farm throughout its lifetime; PPTs are a Energetics and Atmospheric Environment (LHEEA)
key component of this and lidars are the has 1km² of designated maritime zone dedicated
to measuring metocean conditions and hosting
enabling technology.” marine renewable energy prototypes, among which
is Floatgen — the first floating offshore wind turbine
Andrew Davidson (FOWT) in France.
Wind Analyst at SSE
LHEEA sought lidar equipment to support two
important projects focused on optimizing
floating wind turbine operation and FOWT wake
unsteadiness. Their greatest challenge: put a
© Vaisala 2021
The technologies
WindCube®: Made for offshore
Leosphere, a Vaisala company's, WindCube lidar solutions are the most comprehensive set of offshore-ready measurement technologies in the world. There is a
WindCube solution to support nearly every part of an offshore project, from WRA, pre-construction, and contractual power curve testing to permanent wind monitoring,
research and development, and turbine testing and control.
WindCube Offshore WindCube Scan WindCube Insights —
Analytics
Rugged and "marinized" Industry-leading scanning
offshore version lidar for 3D wind analysis at Revolutionary software for
• The reference lidar for all long range WindCube Nacelle
phases of wind energy WindCube Nacelle • Reliably and affordably WindCube Insights — • Provides powerful, IEC-
development and operations Nacelle-mounted lidar for PPT provides 3D wind mapping Fleet compliant PPT and data
• Can be placed on a fixed and wake studies, analysis and reporting
and optimization Modern, cloud-based fleet
platform or integrated into indispensable to modern • Enables developers,
• Widely accepted for contractual management software for
a FLS wind farms operators, and manufacturers
and operational PPT, proven WindCube lidar
• Consistent, reliable and • Fully configurable for to easily conduct PPT and get
to dramatically reduce • Provides accurate and
accurate data — wherever operational costs while several uses including 360° more value from lidar and
transparent system turbine technologies
you need it increasing efficiency monitoring, atmospheric
performance data • Allows even smaller or
• Up to 10x faster and cross-sectioning, and
and reporting emerging wind energy
provides 10x more data than wind profiling
• Allows users to monitor, companies to conduct
competing technologies • Ideal for offshore
assess, and manage their affordable PPT at various
• Unrivaled range from 50m to measurement campaigns
700m for a complete wind
WindCube vertical profiling points in the offshore
conducted from the shore
profile covering the rotor lidar fleets life cycle
sweep of even the largest • Appropriate for all campaign
offshore turbines types and fleet sizes
© Vaisala 2021
Why Leosphere, a Vaisala company?
We are modern innovators, scientists, and discoverers who enable our customers to harness the power of wind energy in new
ways. We are driven by passion, relentless curiosity, and the desire to create a better world, as evidenced in our commitment
to four guiding principles:
Trustworthy, superior metrology
Our solutions are backed by the best science and metrology, and validated by the most
demanding testing and certifications in the industry. Our contributions make wind energy smarter.
Unrivaled thought leadership
Our years of experience, impressive global client roster, and plethora of industry breakthroughs
demonstrate the we are the iconic gold standard in wind energy.
Innovative lidars from a one-stop shop
Customers know we have the right suite of solutions for their needs in wind energy — taking
them ever higher by adding value at each step of the project lifecycle.
Easy, reliable global solution
We make our clients’ lives easier. Our easy to use, turnkey WindCube product suite enables
customers to harness the power of wind energy efficiently and affordably.
As a result, Leosphere, a Vaisala company, is the iconic and trusted gold standard in wind lidar. Our turnkey WindCube product suite
offers innovative, reliable, and highly accurate solutions for thousands of customers across the globe. All of this has enabled us to
be catalysts for change and ambassadors for wind energy, always advancing the field and those we serve.
View the webinar "Leading with lidar; Solutions and strategies for offshore wind projects" to learn more.
windcubelidar.com
Ref. DID64575EN-B ©Vaisala 2021
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