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Disambiguation «If you are looking for other meanings, see Android (disambiguate). Android Operating System Android 11 main screen with Pixel LauncherGoogleOpen Handset Alliance FamiliaKernel Linux Initial release1.0 (September 23, 2008; 13 years ago[1]) Current launch12 (4 October 2021; 2 months ago) kernel typeNumber Linux
(monolithic) supported platforms32 bits AR M, 64 bits (from Android Lollipop) MIPS, x86 Update methodOTA (available from operating system 1) [2] and PC License typeFree software with proprietary counterparts LicenseApache 2.0 Current development stage Site. It is an operating system for mobile devices developed by Google, designed primarily
for embedded systems such as smartphones and tablets, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), wristwatches (Wear OS), glasses (Google Glass), and others. It is based on the Linux kernel and should be regarded as a embedded Linux distribution rather than a unix system or a GNU/Linux distribution (since
almost all GNU utilities are replaced by software in Java).[3][4][5] Distributed under the terms of the Apache 2.0[6] free license with the booking not to include software with copyleft,[7] its development continues through the Android Open Code Project, which is free software with the exclusion of several non-free firmware included for device
manufacturers and so-called "Google Apps", such as Google Play. In April 2017 it is the most widespread mobile device operating system in the world, with a market share of 62.94% of the total, followed by iOS with 33.9%;[8] in the same month it also exceeds the marketshare as the most used operating system to surf the network, actually surpassing
Windows that, up tohad the highestthe world.[9] History The same theme in detail: Android versions. This heading or section on operating systems does not mention the necessary or available sources are insufficient. You can improve this entry by adding quotations from reliable sources according to the source usage guidelines. In October 2003, Andy
Rubin (Danger co-founder) [10], Rich Miner (Danger co-founder and Wildfire Communications) [11], Nick Sears (T-Mobile vice president) [12] and Chris White (main author of the graphical interface of Web TV) [13], founded a company called Android Inc. for the development of what Rubin defines “... cellular devices more aware of the location and
preferences of its owner.” Initially, the company operated in secret, revealing only to design software for mobile devices. During the same year, the initial budget was exhausted, so it was essential to finance 10 000 dollars of Steve Perlman (intimate friend of Rubin) in order to continue development. Steve Perlman gives Rubin the money in a bag, but
rejects any proposal for participation in the project. On August 17, 2005, Google LLC acquired the company[14], in view of the fact that Mountain View wanted to enter the mobile phone market. In these years, Rubin's team began to develop a mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel. The official launch of the “green redneck” took place on
5 November 2007 by the newly created OHA (Open Handset Alliance), a consortium of high-tech companies that includes Google, smartphones manufacturers such as HTC and Samsung, mobile phone operators such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, and microprocessors manufacturers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments Incorporated. The first
demonstrations of Android show that the company does not think of an interface specially designed to be controlled with fingers, like Apple andIt is also confirmed by legal causes between the main brands of Android and Apple for the violation of patents developed by the Cupertino company. HTC Dream, the first device with Android The first mobile
device equipped with the Android platform was the HTC Dream, marketed by the T-Mobile phone operator. [15]. The product was presented on 23 September 2008 in New York, while the launch date on the market was 22 October 2008. The main features of the device are: the QWERTY keyboard; a 3.2-inch touch screen with a 320x480 pixel
resolution; 3G UMTS/HSDPA connectivity support to 7.2 Mbit/S, 192 MB RAM and 256 MB flash memory. Some smartphones of the Galaxy series with the Marshmallow Board of Android, TOUGAT and OREO The launch price was $179 in the United States, with an obligation to subscribe to a two-year contract with the T-Mobile carrier, while in other
countries, including Italy, the device was known as HTC Dream and the initial price was 450 euros without a contract. The HTC MAGIC, a device with features similar to those of the T-Mobile G1, although not equipped with a hardware level keyboard, has been marketed. Then it was introduced by the Samsung Galaxy device, equipped with an
AMOLED display. Since 2008, numerous Android updates have been made to improve their performance and eliminate any security problems from previous versions and Android has grown, year by year, of 615.1% [without a source]. Main screen of an HTC EVO 4G, which displays a clock and weather widget at the top, and the direct accesses of the
application at the bottom in 2010 have been presented and marketed a new generation of smart phones with Android operating system that, driven by Nexus One, have superior technical features (1ghz and ram processor up to 512 mb.) among them we find the htc desire, theGalaxy S and LG Optimus Black. On December 16, 2010, the Nexus One
successor was distributed, the Nexus S, produced by Samsung, is the first Android terminal to mount the launch 2.3 of the operating system, called gingerbread. At the last quarter of 2010, Android managed to overcome Symbian [Senzaottle Source], the indisputable Nokia operating system for more than 10 years, selling an intelligent phone of $
32.9 million in the world, against Symbian 30.6 millions. [Sin 'source] According to Wikimedia Foundation, in August 2011, the Android operating system had a diffusion among all mobile devices equal to 22.94% [16]. In March 2013, Larry Page announces that Andy Rubin left the presidency of Android to devote himself to other Google projects. He is
replaced by Sundar Pichai. From version 1.5 to 9, each update or release, similarly to what happens for many versions of Linux, followed a precise alphabetic convention for the names, which in this case are those of the sweets; Only versions 1.0 and 1.1 do not have a sweet name and identify with only version number [17] (however, the second, during
development, was named in a non-official Petit Four, Homonimo Dolcetti), 1.5 was a call of Cupcake, 1.6 Donut, 2.1 Eclair, 2.2 Froyo (ice cream yogurt), gingerbread 2.3 (gingerbread), 3.0 Honeycomb, ice cream sandwich 4.0, 4.1 Jelly Bean, 4.4 Kit Kit Following A Agreement with nestlà © n then, Lollipop 5.0. On October 5, 2015, he touched 6.0, with
the name Marshmallow. For version 7.0 N, Google launched the possibility of choosing users with the name of the next version. On June 30, 2016, the name of the next version was officially announced that on August 22 appeared in Android smart phone with the name of Nougat (Nougat) [18]. On August 22, 2017 and 8.0 Oreo was published, subject
to the Mondelä "Z concession, while on August 6, It publishes android 9.0 pie. [19] 3 3 2019 was the turn of Android 10, known, under development, as Q, the first version of Android not to bear the name of a sweet, while Android R, ie Android 11, was released on September 8, 2020. Conipglita manimedia Internal hardware sensors such as
accelerometers, gyroscopes and near-flying sensors are used by some applications to respond to user actions, such as adjusting the screen from vertical to horizontal depending on how the device is oriented or allowing virtual todo’user rulo [22] Android allows you to eliminate the cache both as a whole and individually for the specific app/service.
There is also a command to free RAM from non-essential running apps/services. In addition to the specific cache, the command also deletes the data stored by the individual app. Basically, you get the app as if it were just installed. Finally, this menu is what you can use to terminate the app/service rather than uninstall, and you can also select the
system services (advanced view). The main screen, identified by an icon representing a home, is the one where you are when the device has been started, or by pressing the Home button. This is usually occupied by both the icons of the applications and thea sorta di gadgets con varie funzioni; ci sono widget che mostrano vari stili di orologi, quelli che
mostrano gli ultimi video di YouTube, altri che visualizzano informazioni meteo, quelli relativi alle email. [23] The schermata principale vera e propria (cioè la schermata iniziale) può essere integrata da altre pagine tra cui l'utente può scorrere avanti e indietro. Classic component of the mondo Android è il Launcher (lett. "lanciatore") ovvero
l'applicazione di sistema che sovrintende e gestisce essenzialmente la schermata principale e, secondariamente, le scorciato offie (shorcut), il cassetto delle applicazioni (app drawer), la barra inferiore launche Il menu di spegnimento è l'area dei comandi che compaiono quando si pigia il tasto di accensione/spegnimento (i comandi solitamente sono
spegni, riavvia, modalità aereo/offline, modalità di emergenza), a volte seguiti in basso dai comandi audio. Premendo un altro tasto o picchiettando su un'altra zona qualsiasi, il menu sparisce. Sempre present nella tope dello schermo if trova una barra di stato, che mostra le informazioni sul device e la sua connettività. Invece, nella part bassa dello
schermo è only present the bar inferiore delle applicazioni standard che rimane fissa allo scorrerere delle schermate. Moving the bar of stato verse il basso compare una schermata di notifica in cui le applicazioni possono visualizzare notifiche relative a informazioni importanti o aggiornamenti come ad esempio una e-mail appena ricevuta o un SMS,
in manera da non interrompere immediatamente l'utente. [24] Nelle prime versioni di Android tali notifiche potevano essere sfruttate esclusivamente per aprire l'applicazione in questione, ma gli aggiornamenti più recenti hanno fornito maggiori funzionalità, come ad esempio laTo call a number directly from the notification of the missed call, without
having to open the phone request [25] the notifications are persistent to their reading or cancellation by the user. The platform uses the SQLite database, SGL’s dedicated library for two-dimensional graphics (instead of the Classic X server of other Linux distributions) and supports the OpenGL ES 2.0 standard for three-dimensional graphics. [26]
Applications are made via the Dalvik virtual machine, a virtual machine adapted for use on mobile devices. Android has been designed primarily for smartphones and tablets, but the open and customizable character of the operating system allows its use even on other electronic devices, including laptops and netbooks, smart books, [27] e-book
readers, cameras and smart TVs (Google TV). The “Smart Things” market has grown remarkably in recent periods to the point of stimulating people’s creativity. An example is the SmartWatch equipped with an Android operating system in the “Light” version of [28] headphones, [29] automatic CD and DVD players, [30] smart glasses (Google Glass),
refrigerators, satellite navigation systems for vehicles, home automation systems, game console, mirrors, [31] cameras, MP3 / MP4 players and treadmill. The Android logo was designed with the Droid family of characters from Ascender Corporation, green is the color of the robot that represents the Android operating system. The print color is PMS
376C and the RGB color in the hex value is #A4C639, as specified by Android brand guidelines. The custom character of Android is called Norad. It is used only in the text logo. Application applications (or application) are the most generic way to indicate the application software It can be installed on Android. They can be downloaded from the official
Google Play catalog, both from other catalogs, such as the Amazon Amazon AppStore Amazon.com[32], or F-Droid that only contains software under free license. Android applications can also be installed directly from an APK file provided by the software distributor. For computer security reasons, applications come with a certification system that
checks the integrity of the package to install and paternity with respect to a Google-accredited software distributor. Android comes with a series of pre-installed applications ranging from browser to analog FM radio, from calendar to Gmail app, from calculator to Google Maps and also includes Google's assistant with the possibility of choosing the
Spanish language. In order to promote the development of applications for the platform, the Google company organized in 2008 a prize contest related to the development of Android applications. The prize contest awarded a series of awards and incentives to applications, the choice of winning applications was made internally by Google and the sum
of the prizes was $10 million. Programmers residing in Cuba, Iran, Syria, North Korea, Sudan, Burma (Myanmar), Quebec and Italy were excluded to comply with U.S. anti-terrorist legislation or local bureaucratic impediments.[33] Italy was excluded due to its award legislation, although its exclusion had been highly discussed.[34] Memory
Management As Android devices typically run on batteries, Android is designed to manage processes to minimize energy consumption. When an application is not in use, the system limits the use of resources in such a way that, even if it is available for immediate use, it does not use a significant amount of CPU batteries or resources.[35][36] Android
automatically manages the apps stored in the memory: when memory is insufficient, the system starts,a a Automatically inactive processes, starting with those who have remained inactive for more time. [37] [38] In 2011 Lifehacker informed that the murderous third-party task applications make more damage than benefits. [39] Android System
WebView Android System Webview is the system component with Chromium Tecnología that allows Android applications to show web content. In practice, it is a mini browser (not controllable by the user) that makes the applications developed with this function open links or web content. Normally, the component (when the application invokes it)
asks if you want to access the content  «within the application» or opening the default (real) browser. The component (upgradeable through Google Play) does not appear in the drawer as an application, since it is a pre-installed service that the operating system uses autonomously. Android Device Policy When configuring a work profile of a Google
Workspace account, the system requires that the political application of Android Devices (ADP) that applies the organization's safety policies to protect the information associated with The account and the device. Bassically, the application allows the administrator of the corporate domain, created through the Google Workspace platform, control the
safety standards described on the domain service guide page on the employee device. If you do not install this basic application you can not create an Android work profile. Android Device Policy is not an alternative to Google Apps Device Policy (also available at Google Store), which is specific to register a Google WorkSpace account and connect it to
the Google domain console (Admin Console), in a Android device, in order to manage its safety standards, but that does not replace the basic service of the operating system Android developer mode offers a long list listAdvanced commands, useful for activating or deactivating or hormonae or monitor behaviors, functions, services, adjustments,
information. This menu is deactivated by default but can be activated tapping quickly 7 times above "Build number" in Settings on the phone Software information. Subsequently, you can deactivate by acting on the on / off switch next to the new item that appeared in settings (developer options). For example, in Menu [40] there is the command to
allow the device to connect the device to a PC with a USB cable and debug the operating system with which you can install apps, restart from the command line by having installed ADB (Android Debug Bridge) on the host computer. It is also possible to enable the bootloader unlocking or unlocking the manufacturer that allows the user to change the
partition (or partitions) of the operating system to their liking and to obtain root permissions (on en Linux). Backup and restore any Android device (even those with OEM firmware) has a backup and restore service, associated with the current account. The information is synchronized in Google Drive but the backup jobs are not visible in the relative
archive and do not reduce the space available. The procedure is in settings, usually in a system entry associated with the accounts, in the menu relative to that of Google (in fact there may be other accounts and any related backup services). The procedure, once activated, is automatic but can also be performed manually when serving. Synchronized
information is: Applications and related data, SMS and MMS messages, device settings, call history, contacts. Trabajo overwrites, ie it is only kept the last synchronization performed. Restore is automatic in the sense that in case of new device or restore di fabbrica, non appena registrato l'account Google voluto, il sistema chiederà se si vogliono
ripristinare le informazioni (ovviamente quelle dell'ultimo trabajo di backup eseguito). Da luglio 2021[41] la versione Android 8 (e successive) ha il servizio rinnovato perché la procedura è eseguita ricorrendo a Google One (ma non occorre installare la corrispondente app, essendo un servizio di sistema predefinito). La novità è che ora il servizio
comprises photo and video i quali sono archiviati su Google Photo, non su Google Drive. Anche questa nuova versione di backup Google, integrato nel system Android, è uno dei tanti servizi di Google Play Services. Hardware The piattaforma hardware principale di Android è ARM (le architetture ARMv7 e ARMv8-A), with architetture x86 e x86-64
supportate ufficialmente anche nelle versioni successive a Lollipop.[42][44][45] Il progetto non ufficiale Android-x86 ha fornito supporto per architetture x86 prima del supporto ufficiale.[46][47] Anche le architetture ARMv5TE e MIPS32/64 erano storicamente supportate ma sono state successivamente rimosse.[48] Dal 2012 hanno iniziato a
comparire dispositivi Android con processori Intel, inclusi telefoni[49] e tablet. Mentre otteneva il supporto per piattaforme a 64 bit, Android venne inizialmente creato per funzionare su architetture x86 a 64 bit e poi su ARM64. Da Android 5.0 "Lollipop" sono supportate varianti a 64 bit di tutte le piattaforme oltre alle varianti a 32 bit.[42] Requisiti
minimi di RAM per dispositivi with Android 7.1 da un minimo assoluto di 512 MB per smartphone a 32 bit with specifiche più basse, 1 GB per i dispositivi di fascia media e 2 GB per hardware più La raccomandazione per Android 4.4 deve avere almeno 512 MB di RAM,[50] mentre per i dispositivi "low RAM" 340MB è la quantità minima richiesta che
non include la memoria dedicata a vari componenti hardware come il processore in band base. [51] Android 4.4 richiede un processore di architettura ARMv7,Or 32-bit X86 (the last two via unofficial covers), [46] [47] along with an OpenGL ES 2.0 (GPU) compatible graphics processing unit. [52] Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.1 and the
latest version, 3.2 and Android 7.0 Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices [53]). Some applications may explicitly request a specific version of OpenGL ES and run these applications that need suitable GPU hardware. [52] Android devices come with many optional hardware components, including cameras or video cameras, GPS, orientation
sensors, dedicated game controls, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, proximity sensors, pressure sensors, thermometers and size displays Actiles. Some hardware components are not required, but they have been re-standardized on some classes of devices, such as smartphones, and if additional requirements apply. Initially,
some other hardware was required, but these requirements have been completely reduced or eliminated. For example, because Android was initially developed as the phone’s operating system, hardware such as microphones were needed, while over time the phone’s functionality has become optional. [54] Android needed an auto-focus camera, which
was relaxed with a fixed-focus camera [54] if present, as the camera has shrunk to drop as a requirement when Android started being used in the settings box. In addition to working on smartphones and tablets, several vendors run natively on normal PC hardware with keyboard and mouse. [55] [56] [57] [58] In addition to their availability on
commercial hardware, similar versions of Android for PC are available free of charge from the Android-X86 Project, including the customized Android 4.4. [59] Using the Android emulator that part of the android sdk orthird-party, Android can also work in a non-native way on X86 architectures. [60] [61] Some Chinese companies are building a PC and
a mobile operating system, based on Android, to "compete directly with Microsoft Windows and Google Android". [62] The Chinese Academy of Engineering has noticed that "more than a dozen" companies were customizing Android following a Chinese ban on the use of Windows 8 on PC Riparts. [63] [65] Development The Android Stack Open Source
Project The Open Source Android project is driven by Google and, with the task of maintenance and development of Android [66] according to the project  «The goal is to create a real Success, in order to improve mobile use for users' »[67] The compatibility program is optional and free, and the suite that allows you to perform compatibility tests is
always free and open-source [68]. Android update program has a RÃ utipare update cycle, with the distribution of new versions every six-nine months. Updates are generally incremental, bringing software improvements to regular intervals, rather than complete system reviews every two or three years (common practice for desktop operating systems
such as Windows). Among one major release and the other intermediate updates are made to solve security problems and other software bugs. Most Android devices are enable to receive updates en "OTA" mode (sobre el aire), or without need a connection to a PC. Compared to other operating systems As iOS, it usually happens, sometimes months,
between the official distribution of an update of Android and the real distribution, by the manufacturers of original equipment, to the devices that support it. This does not happen with the last devices of the NEXUS series (currently Google Nexus 5x, Google Nexus 6P, Pixel, Pixel 2 XL and the Pixel C). [69] In 2011, Google signed an agreement with
several manufacturers announcing the  «Android Update Alliance» and committing to provide timely updates to each product during the 18 months following its marketing. However, for the last version of the Lollipop operating system, Google has decided to involve those already dated Nexus 4, 7 (version 2012) and 10, which have passed 18 months
from the date of launch (late 2012, which, in The account of 18 months, should have come out of the update line in the first half of 2014). The reason why these delays occur are due to several factors. First, there is a need to customize the system in the specific hardware of each device. In fact, official updates are distributed by Google for reference

devices. Each manufacturer will have to adapt the system to their own devices, which requires considerable time and investments. For this reason, many manufacturers focus mainly on updating their most recent leading devices, prolonging more time for old devices. In some cases, manufacturers have even given up to update old devices, although
they can admit new versions of the operating system. To aggravate more the problem, the fact that the great majority of manufacturers customize the Android interface to differentiate themselves in the market and, with each update, they have to update their own customizations to the new version. Some commentators notato che, allo stato attuale, i
produttori non sono incentivati ad aggiornare i propri dispositivi, incentivando gli utenti a passare a un modello più recente (e aggiornato). [70] Ven accade per iOS l'esecuzione del ripristino alle condizioni di fabbrica (or hard reset or wiping) maintains the versione corrente of the operating system (cioè gli aggiornamenti installati sono conservati).
Android adotta un politica di licenza di tipo open source (escluse alcune versioni intermedie),[71][72] and si basa sul kernel Linux. La licenza (Licenza Apache) sotto cui è distribuito consente di modifye e distributee liberamente il codice sorgente. Inoltre, Android has a vast communità di sviluppatori che realizzano applicazioni con l'obiettivo di
incremente le funzionalità dei dispositivi. Queste applicazioni sono scritte soprattutto en linguaggio di programmazione Java. Nell'ottobre 2012 le applicazioni disponibili presenti sul market ufficiale Android (Google Play) hanno raggiunto le 700 000 unità. [73] Questi fattori hanno permesso ad Android diventare il sistema operativo più utilizzato in
ambito mobile, oltre a rappresentare, per le aziende produttrici, la migliore scelta in termini di bassi costi, personalizzazione e leggerezza del sistema opera stesso, senza dover scrivere un proprio sistema opera da zero. [74] Kernel Linux Schema di architettura Android è costituciónto da un kernel Linux 2.6 e 3.x (da Android 4.0 in poi), con
middleware, Librerie e API scritte in C (o C++) e software en esecuzione su un framework di applicazioni che include librerie Java compatibili con librerie basate su Apache Harmony. Android fino alla release 4.4 KitKat has used the Dalvik virtual machine with a compilatore just-in-time per l'esecuzione di Dalvik dex-code (Dalvik Executable), che di
solito comes tradotto da codice bytecode Java[75]. Questa virtual machine, ormai obsoleta, comes rimpiazzata with ART (Android RunTime) integrated in Android 5.0 Lollipop. What a nuovamachine, developed by Google, uses an Ahead-of-time compiler. The main hardware platform of Android is the ARM architecture. The x86 architecture is
supported by the Android x86 project[76] and Google TV uses a special x86 version of Android. The Android Linux kernel provides architecture changes created by Google outside of the kernel development cycle. A typical Android system does not have a native X Window System, nor does it support the full standard set of GNU libraries, and in the
case of C++ there is only a partial implementation of the STLs. All this makes it difficult to port graphics applications or libraries developed for GNU/Linux to Android. [77] To simplify the development of C/C++ applications under Android, SDL is used which, through a small java wrapper, allows the use of JNI giving an idea of use similar to a native
C/C++ application. Android applications are Java-based; in fact, applications written in native C/C+ code must be invoked from the Java code, all system calls made in C (or C++) must call Android Java virtual machine code. In fact, SDL’s multimedia APIs under Android call for Java methods; this means that the C/C++ application code must be
inserted into a Java project, which ultimately produces an Android package (APK). Google has helped implement some features within the Linux kernel, notably the wakelock, a feature that allows applications to “wake up” the device while it is in sleep. The latter feature, however, was rejected by the mainline kernel developers, in part because they
felt that Google did not express its intention to keep its code.[78][79][80] Although Google announced in April 2010 that they would hire kernel dependant Greg Kroah-Hartman,responsible for the Linux kernel for the stable branch, he stated in December 2010 that he was concerned that Google no longer seemed to be willing to include code changes
in the main branch of Linux. Some Android developers from Google have made it clear that "the Android team got tired of the process," because they were a small team and had a lot of urgent work to do on Android[82]. In Linux, the autodormir and wakelock capabilities were included in the 3.5 kernel, after many previous fusion attempts. The
interfaces are the same, but the realization of Linux has two different modes of suspension: in memory (the traditional suspension used by Android), and in disk (ibernation, as is known on the desktop).[83] In August 2011, Linus Torvalds said that "in the end Android and Linux would come back to a common core, but it probably won't be for four or
five years."[84] In December 2011, Kroah-Hartman announced the start of the mainlining Android project, which aims to put some Android controllers, patches and features in the Linux kernel from Linux 3.3.[85] Flash memory on Android devices is divided into several partitions, such as "/system" for the operating system itself and "/data" for user
data and application installations. Unlike the traditional GNU/Linux distributions, Android device users do not have superuser or root privileges to access the operating system and its partitions, such as "/system", for which the user has read-only permissions. However, access as root on the device is almost always possible, in some cases by applying
to the manufacturer, in others taking advantage of some Android security flaws. root access is often used by the open source community, to improve the capabilities of your devices, new custom flash ROM (i.e.,Get But also for malicious subjects to install viruses and malware. The recovery environment and the temporary mode on Android is easy to
access the restoration environment (recovery mode), as happens for any distribution of Linux or Windows. The environment is always archived in a system and hidden partition. The access is turned on or restarting the device by pressing simply, for a few seconds, even other keys (for example, "" Start "buttons," Volume ON "and" POWER ", in other
cases" Start "and" Giù Volume "1) Flash memory; activation download mode (restart a bootloader), method alternative to the ADB to perform operations in the boot loader, for example, download (from the source connected to the device) and install a custom type firmware. The Manufacturers generally personalize not only Android in Sà (Rome
Rome), the restoration environment, but also the boot manager [89]. In the modification practices, in addition to rooting the device, it must unlock the charger of Arr. Anque If you want to flash your custom ROM (including custom recommendations in the commands than that basis, for example, running the recovery of the backup and image). The
original boot charger, among other things, is the component that controls the validity of the digital certificate of updates and applications, avoiding or requesting administrator permissions in cases of valid certificates. The boot charger is also filed in an inaccessible folder without RaÃz rights. The restoration environment should not be confused with
the provisional mode or safe mode (safe mode), similar to Windows, also startable (in the through a combination of keys (e.g. the ignition key, the first home screen / appearance appearance Volume button already holding down). After booting in this mode, the inscription “Safe Mode” will appear on the screen and/or in the notification area. With the
provisional mode only essential services are run and can therefore be tested to correct bugs or other diagnostic procedures. Custom Firmware The Android source code is distributed by Google with an Open Source license and its open nature has encouraged a large community of developers (such as XDA Developers) and enthusiasts to use the Open
Source as a basis for community-based projects, providing upgrades to older devices, new features for users or bring Android to devices originally shipped with other operating systems.[90] These community-developed versions often bring new features and upgrades to devices faster than official manufacturer/carrier channels, with a comparable
level of quality;[91] recent ones that no longer receive official updates; or bring Android to devices that have been officially marketed with other operating systems. other operating systems, such as the HP TouchPad. Custom firmware is often routed in advance and contains changes not foreseen by the original manufacturer, such as the ability to
overclock or over/undervolt on the device’s processor.[92] CyanogenMod was the most widely used firmware in the community,[93][94] now discontinued and replaced by LineageOS[95]; compatible with many terminals, including the Nexus One, HTC Magic and HTC Desire and later Galaxy S and Galaxy S II, One X, One S, LG Optimus L9, LG
Optimus G, Galaxy Nexus, Galaxy S III and Galaxy S4, Nexus 5, LG G2, HTC One M7. It is true that “cooked” ROMs often allow greater freedom of management on the part of the user, including special features and i.e., i.e., i.e., i.e., i., i.e., i., i.e., i.e., i.e., i.e., i.e., i., i.e., i.e., i., i.e., i.e., i., i.e., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i.,
i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i.e., i., i., i.e., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i., i permessi aggiuntivi è comunque solitamente possibile installare eventuali aggiornamenti firmware ufficiali del produttore del dispositivos, senza far decadere la garanther dello mobilesso. inizialmente tutto il lavoro si eracentrato su gestiónll' htc dream con firmware come
mikhael, jachero tuttavia, poiché il software sviluppato dalla comunità è diventato più popolare e in seguito a dichiarazione del librarrio del congresso negli stati uniti che consente il jailbreaking sui dispositivi mobili,[98] produttori e operatori hannoggii la loro posizione in merito tero partuppoover time the need to evade hardware restrictions for the
installation of unofficial firmware has decreased as a growing number of devices is shipped with bootloader unlocked or unlockable, similar to the series of nexus phones, although they usually require that glycinotta for example , the code name of the pixel smartphone device is Marinefish. The device code name is not generally visible to the end user,
but it is important to determine the compatibility with the modified Android versions. Sometimes it is also mentioned en articles that speak of a device, because it allows you to distinguish different variant hardware of a device, even if the manufacturer offers them with the same name. The device code name is available for running applications on
Android.os. Construir. Device. [105] PrivaCidad and Security Access to data by public institutions within the largest disclosures of mass surveillance of 2013, in September 2013 was revealed that American and British intelligence agencies, the National Security Agency [106] (NSA) and The government Communications Headquarters (Gchotent) as
reported, are able to read almost all information on the smartphone, including SMS, position, e-mail and notes. [107] In January 2014, Lateri reports have the ability of intelligence agencies to intercept personal information transmitted through the internet through social networks and other popular applications such as angry birds, which collect
personal information from so users for advertising and other purposes. gchq has, according to the guardian, a wiki guide of different applications and advertising networks, and the different data that can be sotraited from each one.[108] later that week, the Finnish developer of angry birds rovio announced that he was reconsidering his relationship
with sodium ad platforms in the light of these revelations and invited 2 the most extensive indotria to do the same.[109]phone to premium rates without withoutConsent or even user knowledge. Other malware Visualize Google has also written that "Nexus devices will continue to receive important updates for at least two years and security patches
for a period of more than three years from the initial availability or 18 months since the last sale of the device via Google Store". [ 116] [118] The following October, the Cambridge university researchers concluded that 87.7% of Android phones en use had known but vulnerabilidatory security without parking due to the lack of updates and support.
[119] [120] [ 121] Ron Amadeo by Ars Technica has Neceche Google was starting from Cero with a Market Market equal to the percent candle, so he was happy to give up control and atreve at all a place at the table in exchange for adoption. [...] Now, however, Android has about 75-80 percent of the worldwide smartphone market, making it not only
the most popular mobile operating system in the world, probabilmente il sistema operativo più popolare, punto. Pertanto, sicurezza è diventata un grosso problema. Android utilizza ancora una catena di command per l'aggiornamento del software progetta quando l'ecosystem Android non aveva dispositivi da aggiornare e non funziona ".[122] A follow-
up delle notizie sul programma mensile di Google, alcuni produttori, tra cui Samsung e LG, hanno promesso di pubblicare aggiornamenti di sicurezza mensili[123] ma, come notato da Jerry Hildenamota E un mucchio di promesse non mantenute ".[124] In a post di March 2017 sul Blog sulla sicurezza di Google, Adrian Ludwig e Mel Miller, leader della
sicurezza di Android, hanno scritto che "Più di 735 millioni di dispositivi di oltre 200 produttori hanno ricevuto un aggiornamento della sicurezza della piattaforma nel 2016" e chevanocheThe Android source allows security contractors to take existing devices and adapt them to highly safe uses. For example, Samsung has worked with General
Dynamics through the acquisition of Kernel Open Labs to rebuild Jelly Bean, in addition to his reinforced microordere for the "Knox" project. [129] [130] Android Smart Phones have the ability to inform the position of Wi-Fi access points, found, while telephone users move, to create databases that contain the Fabric positions of hundreds of millions of
such access points. These databases form electronic maps to locate smart phone, allowing them to run applications such as Foursquare, Google Latitude, Facebook places and publish based ads â €

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