Old House New Home An RIAI publication on how to Understand, Reimagine, Conserve your Historic Home - Department of Culture ...
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Old House New Home An RIAI publication on how to Understand, Reimagine, Conserve your Historic Home
Contents
Introduction 4
1 Owning a Historic Home or a Protected Structure 7
2 Working with an Architect 14
3 The Process – Understand, Reimagine, Conserve 16
4 Historic Homes and Building Regulations 24
5 Case Studies 28
6 Further Reading 72
Cover image – A Victorian house re-imagined for contemporary living.
Inside cover – The project includes the conservation of the exterior character, including
the rebuilding of the prominent chimney stack to the return. Diarmuid Brophy Architects.
Photography: Ros Kavanagh
Old House New Home 3
Introduction
Many owners of historic homes were likely RIAI has published a useful Skills Matrix As well as making distinctive architectural Old House New Home, which is supported
to have been drawn to the beautiful features, on our website which explains the level of homes, the reuse and repair of existing by the Department of Culture, Heritage
craftsmanship and materials that come expertise recommended for conservation buildings is an important response to and the Gaeltacht and the Creative Ireland
with such buildings. However, the demands work if your home is architecturally climate change and urban revitalisation. Programme, hopes to encourage more
of modern lifestyles often necessitate the significant. Consideration of reuse and reimagining people to consider the repair and reuse
remodelling and reimagining of a home, of existing building stock, their embodied of vacant or under-utilised buildings in
whilst retaining its key characteristics. To support you and your Registered energy and craftsmanship is a carbon urban and rural settings. This heritage-
The reimagining of derelict or vacated Architect, the RIAI and its Historic Building neutral option, which is part of sustainable led approach meets the sustainable
buildings can be even more daunting where Committee have published this free online development. Many historic building types, development objectives of the United
these qualities, masked by poor condition guide. Old House New Home explains how such as former banks, school houses, Nations (UN) and underpins the National
or previous alterations, can be easily to understand your home, conserve period commercial premises or Garda stations, Development Plan Project Ireland 2040.
overlooked in redevelopment proposals. features and reimagine it for contemporary at the core of historic towns, provide great Many of the projects illustrated in this
living. It includes a wealth of case study opportunities as they can be adapted on-line publication have a wider relevance
Conserving or adapting a historic home is a projects by RIAI Registered Architects, creatively to residential use. and application, which can be readily
complex process that requires architectural which represent different sizes, conditions, transmitted or transferred to other situations
advice from the outset. A Registered characteristics and locations – from homes and contexts.
Architect with expertise in conservation in urban and suburban settings to the
has the necessary skill-set to unlock the adaptation of farmhouse complexes, their
potential of our built heritage stock. The yards and outbuildings.
4 Old House New Home Old House New Home 5
Understand | Reimagine | Conserve
1
Owning a Historic Home
or a Protected Structure
Each building has its own unique character, Understand
arising from its architectural significance, Understanding is reached, at the outset,
building type, construction method and through research and investigation of your
situation. These characteristics need to be existing building. Led by your Architect, this
considered and understood as the starting point process provides key information, for example
to unlocking the potential of a historic home. the existing condition of the building fabric; the
Once the key qualities are understood, the logic location of services and drainage; and structural
and strategy for extending, adapting, conserving and damp defects. Areas of previous alterations
or restoring your home can be developed in or loss in a historic building are also gathered
detail with your Architect. as they may suggest locations of future
intervention or where best to locate a new
A Registered Architect with expertise in extension. This important research may identify
conservation has the necessary skillset to help an element requiring restoration or the location
you unlock this potential. (see also Chapter 2. for upgrading works.
Working with an Architect)
It is important to spend time at this stage to
While a single design approach will rarely be see beyond a bad condition, poor quality repairs
applicable, this guide explains some common and previous ad-hoc extensions. This will also
themes and successful solutions that have identify the potential of the historic building and
emerged as valid approaches to adapting, the appropriate level of intervention required
extending and conserving historic homes in to make it a comfortable and contemporary
urban, suburban and rural contexts. We have home. Your Registered Architect will guide you
structured this information into under a three- through this process.
A historic building project has many objectives - the repair and upgrading part process: Understand, Reimagine, Conserve.
of the original structure using appropriate materials and skills, the careful
modification of the existing fabric without loss of character and the design of
contemporary space where necessary to enhance existing accommodation.
Diarmuid Brophy Architects. Photography: Ros Kavanagh
Old House New Home 7
Reimagine Conserve
Reimagining builds on the outcomes of the Respect for the original structure, its plan and
‘Understand’ research and survey stage, as setting, architectural character and the nature
it provides the context for new proposals. of its construction must be central to the design
Designs to reimagine a historic home should process to avoid undermining its authenticity
be based on conservation principles such as and significance. This tends to be a process
minimal intervention, reversibility, respectful that carefully weighs up environmental and
alteration and repair. Importantly, in the case legislative concerns to meet the owner’s wish
of a protected structure, it should determine a list and requirements, responsibilities, and
suitable approach to upgrading, extending and budget parameters. Minimal intervention is a
conserving the historic fabric. core conservation principle, one that is both
cost-effective and heritage sensitive. The
The Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines reuse of existing building stock is also a key
for Planning Authorities provide detailed contribution to sustainable development as the
information into the planning and development most carbon neutral building is one that already
process for owners of protected structures. exists.
Many of the case studies showcased in this
e-publication underwent this process. The Sustainable development is particularly
projects selected demonstrate the variety and important to combating urban sprawl and
diversity of potential design solutions that are encompasses the reuse and adaptation of
possible for protected structures. It is hoped vacant and derelict buildings, prompting the
that the case studies will inspire property revitalisation of town centres where social
owners to see the opportunity in a historic infrastructure and cultural activities are
building project and the benefit of working with accessible.
a Registered Architect.
Additional accommodation has been added to the rear of this
historic property. The new addition unites contemporary living
with the garden, whilst retaining natural light in the historic
interior. Paul Keogh Architects. Photography: Peter Cook.
8 Old House New Home Old House New Home 9
Guiding Principles
Conservation is the process of caring for buildings
and places, and managing change to them in such a
way as to retain their character and special interest.
Historic structures are a unique resource. Once lost,
they cannot be replaced. If their special qualities
are degraded, these can rarely be recaptured.
Damage can be caused to the character of a historic
structure as much by over-attention as by neglect.
(Extract from the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines,
Department of Culture Heritage and the Gaeltacht.)
chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2015/07/Architectural-Heritage-
Protection-Guidelines-2011.pdf
The redevelopment of a protected structure ensures the minimum of impact through
good design and the use of appropriate materials and skills in the conservation of the
original building, retaining its key characteristics, its patina of age and mature setting –
example of conserved farmhouse project, Lotts Architecture.
10 Old House New Home Old House New Home 11
Understand | Reimagine | Conserve
Advice from Registered Architects
• Understanding the value of a building or • Dramatic interventions in a protected
place informs ways for conserving and structure are rarely appropriate. It is
reusing it, appropriate to its typology, important to ensure that the cultural
significance and character. heritage value is passed on.
• Use expert architectural advice when • Restoration of lost features needs to
considering undertaking works to a be based on the evidence of known
historic home or building. detail of the structure and should not be
• Your home is part of an ongoing process conjectural or imposed.
of evolution and all actions of repair and • The reduction of a historic building to a
modification add to its overall value where facade is rarely acceptable, where it is part
high-quality materials and good design are of an integrated streetscape or terrace,
used. due to the structural impact it may have on
• Good design unites the building’s past to the adjoining properties.
the future without removing its integrity • Any new features should be sympathetic
and key characteristics. to the remaining historical features and
• Adhere to the principle of ‘Doing as much should reflect the society of the time.
as necessary and as little as possible’.
A well-considered roof detail and extension to the rear of a 19th c. building
creates a garden room flooded with natural light. David Flynn Architects.
12 Old House New Home Old House New Home 13
2
Working with an Architect
Whether you are planning to extend, renovate architectural importance, please consult the
or conserve your home, an RIAI Registered RIAI Skills Matrix for Conservation Projects
Architect has the qualifications, vision and on the RIAI website: riai.ie/work-with-an-
experience to take you expertly through your architect/working-with-an-older-building
building project.
RIAI Skills Matrix for Conservation
Where can I find a Registered Architect? The matrix explains the level of expertise
The RIAI website riai.ie contains useful advice recommended based on the importance of the
on working with an Architect, it also allows you building and the extent of work intended to it.
to find a Registered Architect in your area by There are three skill levels of RIAI Conservation
consulting the RIAI Practice Directory on our Accredited Architects - Grade 1, 2 and 3. An
homepage. RIAI Grade 1 Conservation Architect, reflecting
the highest qualification or experience, is
We recommend to visit the website of your required for work on architecturally significant
chosen Architect as it will indicate their buildings or badly damaged buildings. An
approach to design and give exemplars of Architect with conservation expertise will
residential work. In Ireland, the title ‘Architect’ guide the most appropriate development
is registered and a person cannot use the title approach for a historic building/protected
‘Architect’ unless they are on the Register structure, in terms of its reuse, its repair and its
for Architects. Being placed on the Register reimagining.
reflects the standard and competence of
an Architect. Check that your Architect is If you cannot find a suitable RIAI architectural
registered on our homepage: riai.ie. practice with conservation expertise, please
complete our online form: riai.ie/work-with-an-
When do I need an Architect with architect/ask-a-question. Please provide details
Conservation Experience? of the project, address, location and the RIAI
If you own a historic home that is of can provide a list of Architects in your area.
An example of contemporary living in a historic setting, harnessing
Using elements
original of the
features, original
spatial houseand
qualities design, thelight.
natural new DMVF
addition has been cleverly
Architects.
concealed so it does not impact on the main front façade. Robin Mandal Architects.
14 Old House New Home Old House New Home 15
3 intervention may be guided towards areas of of historical and architectural significance. The
The Process damage, the restoration of a loss of a feature or the
site of a previous extension or structure.
information gathered informs the strategy for
the design and the basis for the proposals to be
Understand | Reimagine | Conserve The Conservation Report remains as the reference
developed. New development is shown in the plans
– in the context of the historic fabric and room
point for all works in a protected structure. It layout of the protected structure – denoted by a
The following is a typical process that your Registered Architect may recommend for
is an invaluable investment for the owner of a different coloured line, usually red.
working out a design and conservation plan for your home.
historic property as the basis for pre-planning
consultations as well as on-going maintenance of
Understand building in the first edition of the Ordnance the property. Reimagine
Survey Ireland (OSI) maps suggests a date of
What is a Building Survey and Conservation c. 1840. What is a Pre-Planning Consultation? To Extend or not Extend?
Report? A Pre-Planning Consultation can be held with The first thought of many owners is to consider an
The starting point of a typical residential The impact assessment will indicate how the Local Authority. The Architectural Heritage extension to their home, whereas in many cases
project, where the house is a historic building the proposed development works will affect Impact Assessment with photos, maps etc. informs the re-working of existing but poorly functioning
or protected structure is a detailed Building important historic features and the overall the discussion about the property’s potential space may be sufficient to improve natural light
Survey and assessment of its condition and character and structure of the building. and assists the discussion. Opening up works to and enjoyment of rooms and to make a critical
significance. confirm underlying defects, concealed significance connection to the garden amenity. Retaining
It is worth considering that of the 185 historic or origins or to confirm previous alterations that living spaces within the historic footprint is often
A Conservation Report or Architectural towns established in Ireland many originated will inform the overall design strategy may be financially prudent and more environmentally
Heritage Impact Assessment is required for as medieval boroughs created under charter. agreed formally with a Local Authority as part of friendly as heat is allowed permeate equally
a protected structure i.e. a building that is Original building fabric from the 16th and 17th the planning process. A detailed schedule of work through the original building and not just in parts
considered to be of built heritage significance century (or older) may still be present and to be undertaken by a skilled contractor is formally of the plan.
assessed under the criteria of the National discovered during a building’s refurbishment. agreed with the Local Authority, implemented and
Inventory of Architectural Heritage of Ireland Its long-term survival and record is important. reported on in the conservation report/planning Integrating Old and New
(NIAH). Refer to Appendix B, the Architectural Consultation with National Monument documentation. This is particularly relevant and Integrating old and new space is critical so that
Heritage Protection Guidelines - Department Service is recommended in these instances an appropriate way to undertake work to a badly the natural flow of space within the original plan is
of Culture Heritage and the Gaeltacht. and the cultural heritage significance can be damaged or poorly maintained property. retained and the legibility between the old and new
confirmed. structure is understood. The point of connection
A record is made of the history of the building The preliminary stage establishes good survey for an additional space or level of subdivision
including an examination of the origin of the This initial survey forms the basis for planning information, an overall context, condition, plan may vary greatly depending on the site context,
structure. For example, the inclusion of a future modification, as the opportunity for type as well as the location of surviving features plan type and orientation. In a terrace situation
16 Old House New Home Old House New Home 17
the location and the depth of an extension and squares are in place as this is the most floors. For this reason, where possible new Adaptation and it is important to understand
needs to be understood in the overall context of sustainable form of development for our cities services are best planned to the exterior and that reusing resources properly and dealing
adjoining properties. Neighbouring houses that and towns and an important response to our where possible within new build elements. with thermal under performance in an historical
are incrementally altered over time may have housing shortage. In summary the primary design objective should building should be addressed as part of the
an accumulative effect on the shared amenity holistically look at a historic building, to address overall design strategy. Importantly the use of
and on the wider architectural significance and When Less is More its design deficiencies and to extend or conserve appropriate upgrading materials and details
setting. Sometimes minimal intervention to a home it in a sympathetic manner that ensures the to sustain original roof, windows, pointing,
is preferable from both environmental and survival of its original integrity and character, render and the original construction materials
Many historic properties of the nineteenth structural reasons. An old building regulates whilst improving its overall accommodation - of a historic property is of huge importance in
century were poorly related to the rear gardens and moves moisture differently to a newly The ambition being to pass on a well conserved creating a dry, comfortable energy compliant
or building plots as the original kitchen and constructed heavily-insulated extension and building for future generations to enjoy. home. Knowledge and funding to improve
service areas were situated outside the hierarchy historic fabric is likely not to achieve similar building performance is available from your
of the main plan. Making a connection between thermal values to new build construction. It Architect and through Local Authorities grant
new living spaces and amenity areas is a core is likely that there will be a disparity between Conserve schemes and other local organisations such as
objective for many of the case studies featured the two types of construction with the historic the Heritage Council and the Irish Georgian
in this guide. The evolution of city and town building performing differently to the new build. This publication hopes to prompt the reimaging Society.
blocks to accommodate industrial and retail With this in mind, it may be preferable not to of the many redundant spaces in our cities,
uses often diminished the quality of urban space. open plan internal spaces and to avoid fully towns and countryside and inspire people to When undertaking a major refurbishment it
The retrofit of amenity spaces both public and integrated old with new spaces. Instead the consider their future upgrade and adaptation is important to consider new build/alteration
private is key to revitalising and encouraging a retention of original openings and their joinery as contemporary homes. Our built heritage is along with the overall property performance
return to urban living and the reuse of historic where possible is guided as it provides greater unique and our buildings embody stories of and general repair and not to overlook areas
buildings at their heart. flexibility and management of heating and past lives and traditions, craftsmanship and of defect, particularly at roof level. A well-
ventilation. innovation. Historic buildings provide distinctive maintained property is one that will perform
The reuse of vacant upper floors with homes arising sometimes from their generous well and be the most resilient to extremes in
well-designed amenity space is integral to Consideration should be given to the planning proportion and volumes or arising from the climate change. Repairs and modifications
sustainable urban development supported by of new services to avoid their location centrally craftsmanship, tactile elements and quality should be neighbourly i.e. the inappropriate
government policy. Garden or outdoor spaces within the plan, to ensure moisture isn’t trapped materials used in their construction. repair of brickwork pointing or the removal and
don’t have to be extensive but well orientated within the building fabric. New services also replacement with inappropriately designed
and detailed. Funding and fiscal incentives require service routes or runs to the exterior The enhancement or upgrading of existing windows can badly erode the historic character
to prompt people to reimagine living in the which may adversely impact on significant buildings will become a significant part of of adjoining properties and streetscapes over
city in vacant historic streetscapes, terraces plasterwork ceilings, chimney breasts or timber our collective response to Climate Change time.
18 Old House New Home Old House New Home 19Advice from Registered Architects
• Carefully consider the Conservation Principles • Do as much as is necessary and as little as
previously set out as best practice by the possible.
Architectural Heritage Guidelines for Local • Redundant Buildings retain significant
Authorities. accommodation and may not require
• Well-considered design intervention rather additional space but re-ordering or re-making
than extensive structural alteration to avoid of badly modified spaces.
undermining and the original structure makes • Generosity of design, the provision of amenity
good environmental and financial sense. and the use of high quality materials are
• Make alterations that are guided by respect, key criteria for adding to or converting
which don’t undermine the original building historic buildings into multiple units. Over
and which have regard to previous alterations intensification of use and inappropriate levels
and extensions. of subdivision diminishes the overall character,
• Reuse and retain original fabric in-situ where experience and value of a historic property.
possible and consider appropriate methods • Have regard to historic planting schemes
of upgrading and enhancement to improve and landscape designs, which can be urban,
thermal performance suburban and rural.
• Find new uses that are compatible with the • Consider landscapes that were created as
historic building plan that respect the key the layout of historic streets and the amenity
characteristics of the property as well as the of historic properties. Mature planting
culture which created them. contributes significantly to the setting of
• Respect the patina of age and the authenticity a historic property as well as reducing the
of original craftsmanship, materials and negative impact of weather.
design as part of the significance to pass on.
A former coach house with outbuildings has been
sensitively adapted to provide a contemporary
home of high-quality design. New alterations to the
existing building fabric have been clearly defined.
dhb Architects, Photography: Philip Lauterbach.
20 Old House New Home Old House New Home 21Design Advice for Protected Structures large interconnecting openings.
• Retain structural integrity of paired return
• Engage a Registered Architect with the relevant structures and shared chimney stacks.
Conservation experience (See also P. 14, The • Retain chimney stacks in use as part of the
RIAI Skills Matrix for Conservation). heating and ventilation regulation system for
• Respect the scale and setting of the protected historic properties.
structure. • Avoid robust and complex forms that are out of
• In the case of a historic terrace, respect its scale with the principal structure.
overall uniformity and be consistent with • Retain decorative features and details such
rooflines, roof features and projecting returns. as chimney stacks and staircases as part of
• Avoid radical attic alterations that impact the historic narrative and craftsmanship of the
adversely on the original plan, structure and original building.
the decorative finishes of the upper floors and • Use high-quality materials, craftsmanship
stairwell. and design skills to add value and to improve
• Introduce complementary plan forms such as environmental performance appropriate to its
the courtyard extension to the rear of the historic construction and historic character.
property to retain natural light, ventilation and • Avoid inappropriate external repairs, removal
enjoyment of the rear garden amenity. of original detail or inappropriate replacement
• Minimise over-extending floor plans and which erodes historic character over time.
overlooking which may affect adjoining • Reduce the impact and presence of new build
neighbours’ amenity. by utilising original boundaries, screen walls and
• Avoid building across and enclosing windows to return structures and mature planting.
reception spaces at upper floors as this reduces • Retain a significant proportion of garden space,
the natural light and ventilation to the principal amenity and boundary walls. Create high quality
interiors. boundary walls appropriate to the character of
• Reduce the impact of flat roof extensions at the site.
lower ground floor levels by the use of high-
quality roof finishes and grass roof design. Images l-r:
Reuse and good repair of vacant or under-utilised
• Introduce overhead roof glazing to ground floor urban buildings for contemporary homes is integral
extensions above original opening to retain to addressing housing demand, a vital part of climate
change mitigation and supportive of urban centre
natural light to original rooms and to articulate renewal of Irish cities, towns and villages – Restoration
the connection between old and new structures. of a Dublin Street building at 18 Ormond Quay, by Dublin
Civic Trust/Kelly & Cogan Architects. Photographer
• Avoid adverse structural impact from excessively (Before) Ros Kavanagh, (After) Graham Hickey
22 Old House New Home Old House New Home 234
Historic Buildings and
Regulatory Requirements
The main regulations that affect the design, Building Regulations apply to all new buildings,
build and reuse of buildings include the planning to new extensions, to ‘material alterations’
system, specific regulations affecting older of existing buildings, to changes of use (only
buildings and the building control system. certain parts of the Building Regulations
A Registered Architect with appropriate apply) and to ‘major renovations’ carried out to
conservation experience and skills will guide a existing buildings. The minimum performance
project for the adaptation of an older building requirements that a building must achieve are
through design, planning and compliance with set out in the Second Schedule to the Building
regulatory requirements. The purpose of this Regulations.
section is to set out the key issues involved in
regulatory compliance. Technical Guidance Documents (TGDs) to
the various parts of the Building Regulations
The Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines provide guidance on compliance and provide
and the Advice Series booklets published general information on how to deal with historic
by the Department of Culture, Heritage and or existing buildings. In the case of material
the Gaeltacht, provide guidance to owners in alterations or changes of use of existing
upgrading historic buildings. A key reference buildings, the adoption without modification
document on regulatory requirements is Bringing of the guidance in the TGDs may not, in all
Back Homes, Manual for the Reuse of Existing circumstances, be appropriate. In particular,
Buildings, published by the Department of the adherence to guidance, including codes,
Housing, Planning and Local Government and standards or technical specifications, intended
available through the Department’s website. for application to new work may be unduly
This useful manual, which was compiled to restrictive or impracticable. Buildings of
support the reuse of older, vacant buildings as architectural or historical interest are especially
new homes by providing property owners, local likely to give rise to such circumstances. In these
authorities and those involved in the construction situations, alternative approaches based on the
industry, provides clear guidance on how current principles contained in the TGDs may be more
regulatory requirements apply to common, relevant and should be considered.
traditional building types. The re-ordering of this small house allows for a central courtyard
space at the heart of the plan. The courtyard creates a well-lit
interior and addresses regulatory concerns. Eva Byrne Architect.
24 Old House New Home Old House New Home 25A holistic approach is required when evaporation of moisture. In older buildings uses as well as extensions. These differing www.housing.gov.ie/sites/default/files/
refurbishing existing buildings or bringing of traditional construction, with permeable approaches to reuse and adaptation may have publications/files/bringing_back_homes_final.
buildings back into reuse, taking into fabric, the aim should be to improve energy additional responsibilities to be aware of such pdf
consideration fire safety, sound insulation, efficiency as far as practicable without as the requirement for Fire Safety Certificate,
conservation of fuel and energy etc. A affecting the character of the building or and a Disability Access Certificate as well The Building Control (Amendment)
Registered Architect with expertise in historic increasing the risk of long term deterioration as compliance with the Building Control Regulations, S.I.9 - Client Guidance Note.
buildings can advise on how to achieve such of the building fabric. Historical windows Regulations BC(A)R. PDF File (353 KB)
alternative approaches and, where necessary, and doors should be repaired rather than Opt Out for Domestic Projects click HERE
may advise the input of other specialist replaced, and internal insulation and damp- The Building Control (Amendment)
knowledge to demonstrate how the principles proofing should not disrupt or damage historic Regulation 2014 requires greater Information Note for Owners of new dwellings
contained in the TGDs are achievable. plasterwork or flagstones and should not accountability in relation to compliance with and extensions who opt out of Statutory
introduce further moisture into the structure. the Building Regulations. This is achieved Certification for building control purposes
Alterations to buildings which are protected by ensuring that design and construction www.housing.gov.ie/housing/building-
structures, including extensions, are exempt In specific cases, services and their controls receive statutory certification from registered standards/building-regulations/information-
from compliance with Part L ‘Conservation of can play a large part in improving energy construction professionals and builders, that note-owners-new-dwellings-and-extensions
Fuel and Energy in Dwellings’. Even though it efficiency. In most traditional buildings, notification of commencement is made, as
is not a requirement, you may as a homeowner building services – such as heating systems, well as compliance documentation lodged, Code of Practice for Inspecting and Certifying
wish to upgrade the thermal performance of plumbing and electrical installations – are that mandatory inspections are carried out Buildings and Works (Sept 2016) www.
the fabric of your building to reduce heating not original to the building, and there may during construction and validation and that housing.gov.ie/housing/building-standards/
costs or to save energy. therefore be some flexibility in altering them certificates are registered. Whilst BC(A) building-regulations/code-practice-
to improve their energy efficiency. This should R allows building owners to opt out of the inspecting-and-certifying-buildings
The application of Part L and of the European be considered strategically in combination statutory certification process in the case
Union (Energy Performance of Buildings) with a range of other measures designed to of a single dwelling or an extension to a DHPLG TGD L 2019 Dwellings www.housing.
Regulations may pose particular difficulties achieve a specific energy performance in the dwelling, it is important to remember that gov.ie/housing/building-standards/tgd-part-
for habitable buildings which, although not most cost-optimal way. the requirement to comply with the Buildings l-conservation-fuel-and-energy/technical-
protected structures or proposed protected Regulations remains. guidance-document-l-2
structures, may be of architectural or Several of the case studies illustrated in this
historical interest, including buildings of publication demonstrate the potential of References DCHG Energy Efficiency in Traditional
traditional construction with permeable fabric subdividing historic buildings into multiple Bringing Back Homes, Manual for the Reuse Buildings www.seai.ie/publications/Energy_
that both absorbs and readily allows the occupancies with sometimes different of Existing Buildings (DHPLG, 2018) Efficiency_in_Traditional_Buildings.pdf
26 Old House New Home Old House New Home 27Understand
Reimagine
Conserve
28 Old House New Home Old House New Home 29Case Studies
Project: Extension and Remodelling
of a Victorian Protected Structure
Location: Portobello, Dublin 8
Practice: Diarmuid Brophy Architects
This split-level Victorian terrace house, with replacement natural slates. The brickwork to
its main entrance at first floor level and a the rear was repointed with a traditional flush
secondary entrance under the stairs was in finish and lime render replaced. An unstable
a poor state of repair before it was given a tall slender chimney was taken down brick-by-
new lease of life creating a modern, light- brick and rebuilt.
filled home while still retaining its original
character. The Architect introduced the idea In order not to cover original features with
of living ‘upside down’ with the bedrooms insulation on internal or external walls,
downstairs and living rooms upstairs. energy-efficient measures were used such as
draught-proofing windows and doors, new
Space was added with an extension of just double glazed sash windows, a de-centralised
3m2 to create an enjoyable living room in ventilation system and heating with web-
the downstairs return, the floor level was enabled controls. By avoiding major extension
lowered, forming a well-proportioned airy works, the client could focus the budget on a
room that sits right into the garden. The roof higher level of specification and standard of
was stripped and re-roofed using original and finish.
An introverted basement has been transformed into a
bright home by the redesign of the existing return and
the careful creation of new openings and living spaces.
Photography: Ros Kavanagh
30 Old House New Home Old House New Home 31Case Studies
Project: Reimagining two
Apartments within a 1840s House
Location: Pearse Street, Dublin 2
Practice: Horan Rainsford Architects
This project involved the complete Key conservation works included the
refurbishment of a 1840s house, a protected strengthening of all corners at all levels through
structure over a contemporary shop. The house needling, and in particular the repair of the front
had been sub-divided to provide two small (sub- façade.
standard) two-bed apartments on the upper
floors, with an estate agent’s office at ground This involved the removal of the inappropriate
level, and with storage in the low-ceilinged cement render, extensive repair of the brick,
basement. Alteration works that had previously including ‘heli bar’ restraints, and traditional
been undertaken (c. 1970s), did not provide any Irish ‘Wiggin’ to the brickwork to provide
fire safety measures or acoustic separation, and an attractive facade. The coordination of
were generally sub-standard. all services, including the fire and acoustic
separation of the apartments from each other
The building stood in poor condition following and from the café in particular, were carefully
a sustained lack of maintenance. Initial managed so as to have minimal impact on the
stripping work revealed significant structural existing historic fabric.
displacement but also architectural features.
This ‘living above the shop’ design comprises of the re-
purposing of an historic city building for residential use with an
award-winning coffee shop at street level. It demonstrates the
possibilities for our cities and towns. Photography: Artur Sikora
32 Old House New Home Old House New Home 33Case Studies
Project: Reimagining Apartments within a
larger Protected Structure
Location: Northumberland Road, Dublin 4
Practice: Lawrence and Long Architects
This Protected Structure c. early 19th century, Careful consideration was made of the
had been subdivided into nine bedsits which provision of new services within the building.
had significantly altered its character. The Service routes were carefully planned to
client’s brief was to refurbish and provide four minimise the impact on the Georgian fabric
apartments within the historic building. As in and sustainable technologies were included
yacht interiors, dimensions of utilitarian areas, such as solar panels and green roofs to external
such as the kitchen and bathroom, have been structures.
reduced to enhance social areas.
Technically, fire and sound transfer are difficult
Developing the idea of traditional wainscoting, issues to deal with in historic buildings. In this
walls were lined with oak paneling. By varying instance, suspended floors were acoustically
the depth of the oak paneling, bathrooms, upgraded by incorporating a secondary structure
kitchens and storage are accommodated, within the depth of the original floors to divide
while maintaining the character, details and the structural load from the original structure
proportions of the original rooms. Oak doors and supporting the Georgian decorative ceiling
panels lift, slide or fold to reveal utilities. and cornices.
A historic townhouse has been converted into multiple
high-quality apartments, while retaining the coherence
of the original plan. Complementary panelled interiors
improve thermal performance and conceal new services
and storage. Photography: Marie Louise Halpenny
34 Old House New Home Old House New Home 35Case Studies
Project: Urban Residence in a former Banking Hall
Location: College Green, Dublin 2
Practice: Donnelly Turpin Architects
Living over the Shop The presence of the building’s old banking hall
‘Living above the Shop’ has been a way of life in particular created a challenge for the servicing
in Ireland for centuries, but when the shop is a of the apartments. The solution involved a
protected structure, made up of highly decorative new raised floor above the existing fourth floor
historical rooms, it brings extra challenges. level to create a service zone. This enabled the
apartment services to be brought horizontally to
The project was to convert a landmark 19th the extremities of the building floor plate, thereby
century bank building on College Green to retail avoiding interference with the historic rooms
use with apartments above. Its prime location and and decorative features below. This plenum also
the views overlooking College Green prompted the incorporated the acoustic and fire barriers between
decision to convert the under-utilised upper floors the retail and residential parts of the building.
of the building to nine high-quality apartments.
Integrating old and new Elements
The original staff entrance off Andrews Street The goal was to preserve the building’s historic
was converted as the lift and stairs access to the character and qualities, while providing the
apartments at fourth floor level. Above this level, comfort and conveniences of a 21st century home,
the apartments are arranged around the three such as contemporary bathrooms and kitchens.
perimeter sides of the block and accessed from a To maintain the historic character within all of the
central landscaped courtyard area. apartment spaces, the existing windows, walls and
roof profiles were repaired and upgraded.
Urban residences in a former banking hall. This
prestigious city-centre building had been vacant prior
to its adaptation. The upper floors of this landmark 19th
century commercial building are now in residential use.
Photography: Enda Cavanagh
36 Old House New Home Old House New Home 37Case Studies
STREET
UPPER
DAWSON
DUKE LANE
DUKE STREE
T
1
2
3
4
5
DAWSON
LANE
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
9 8 7 6 5 4 3
2 1
UPPER
6 5 4 3 2 1
6 5 4
3 2 1
Project: Urban Residence on Dawson Street
DUKE LANE
STREET
Location: Dawson Street, Dublin 2
DAWSON
Practice: PKA Architects
MOLESWOR
TH STREE
T
N
1 SITE LOCATION PLAN
00-000
Built as part of Joshua Dawson’s 1700s grand plan for The highlight of the original architecture is the main
the lands between Grafton Street and Kildare Street, entrance staircase of no 51b. Its rotten treads were
three 18th-century townhouses on Dawson Street were renewed with white oak replacements, its balustrades
combined in the early 19th century to form Tuthill’s were painstakingly restored and its panelled walls were
Hotel. At the time, their original ‘Dutch Billy’ elevations restored to return the entire to its original splendour.
to Dawson Street were replaced by the unified facade
that we see today. The dilapidated condition of the upper floors of 51c
facilitated the design of a two-storey duplex apartment
The hotel use had ceased long before being purchased with its own private access from Duke Street, an
by the current owners in 2016. The ground floors had en-suite bedroom at second floor level and a double-
been converted into a number of retail units; the upper height kitchen / dining and living room above.
floors had been turned into low-grade rental offices;
and the overall condition of the property did little The unsound structural condition of the original roof –
justice to its location on one of the most important and and a parapet that was on the verge of collapsing into
most fashionable streets of Georgian Dublin. Duke Street – created the opportunity to re-imagine
the upper-level living space: a new steel and timber
In this adaptation and reuse project the three houses structure was installed and profiled to create a vaulted
were remodelled from top to bottom: providing interior that echoes the gabled roof of the 18th century
serviced offices on the upper floors of nos 51a and b; original.
upgrading the ground floor retail and restaurant units;
and converting the top floors of the Dawson / Duke The Architects’ philosophy is that the combination
Street corner into a duplex apartment. The programme of contemporary interventions with the conservation
of repairs, renewals and remedial works included of original fabric reflects the reality that historic
extensive structural repairs, conservation of the historic properties must evolve if they are to last, and that this
fabric, wet and dry rot remedial treatments, as well as evolution contributes to making an architecture that is
Re-use of a prominent historic streetscape and the re-working
the installation of new services and facilities. richer than either new or old on its own.
of the adjoining structures, their floor plan and surviving
architectural features. It accommodates multiple uses including
a contemporary residential unit. Photography Donal Murphy
38 Old House New Home Old House New Home 39Case Studies
Project: Conversion of two Georgian Buildings
Location: Camden Street, Dublin 2
Practice: DMVF Architects
This conversion involved the reimagining of two elegant 350sqm city home. The roof of the ugly
Georgian Houses c.1815, which had suffered a flat-roofed extension could be reimagined as a
1960’s remodelling into a bank branch. The 1960’s 100sqm roof garden.
project involved a number of ‘improvements’ which
included the creation of an open-plan banking hall Employing best conservation practice, remaining
at ground floor, the provision of a large flat-roofed original features were retained and restored.
extension across ground floor and basement levels. New interventions including kitchens, bathrooms
The upper levels of the buildings were largely left and the main staircase are all marked as modern
in their original Georgian format, but were in a very interventions into the historic fabric. The remaking
dilapidated state. of these vacant buildings above street level has
provided a unique contemporary home in the
Our clients felt that this property offered an city centre. This is an exemplar of reuse that may
opportunity to create a restaurant space using the inform urban regeneration in any town or city in
open-plan ground floor and to combine the upper Ireland.
levels of the two buildings to create one large and
This is an urban set piece. It includes the successful
reimagining of two vacant city centre buildings to create a
remarkable city dwelling above the historic thoroughfare.
Photography: Ruth Maria Murphy
40 Old House New Home Old House New Home 41Case Studies
Project: Apartments in a Protected Structure
Location: Granby Row, Dublin 7
Practice: Cathal Crimmins Architects
This project consists of the adaptation of an early installed on every floor circa 1989, were removed
19th century five-bay, three-storey protected and new ones erected, creating internal spaces
structure. The building forms part of a terrace befitting the proposed residential use.
and was originally constructed as an engineer’s
drawing office to the rear of 28 Parnell Square, The existing Georgian sash windows were
then the home of Sir John McNeill, an eminent repaired, draught-proofed and restored to their
railway engineer. It was subsequently converted original state. External plasterwork was repaired
to a school and later back to offices and a and painted. Some new openings on the first
language school. The buildings were completely and second floor were created to the rear. A
modernised in the 1980s, including the removal window on the rear elevation at ground level
of joinery and plasterwork, internal re-plastering, was converted to a patio door, giving access
and extensive structural work, which significantly to a private courtyard. To enclose this private
altered their character. The structure was vacant courtyard, a new gate and new 1800-mm high
for some time, impossible to let as offices. garden railings were erected. Bin stores and
bicycle parking were provided in the arched
The client’s brief was to refurbish the building carriage entrance to the rear yard. Since
to provide three apartments, one on each floor completion, the rear 19th century return building
within the building. Much of the inappropriate has also been converted into new apartment
1980s work was reversed including the removal units, creating an interesting group surrounding
of services. The stud partitions, which had been a landscaped courtyard.
A 19th century school building has been reworked,
including poor previous alterations, to provide
apartments for city living. Original architectural
features, as part of the wider Georgian character, have
been rediscovered. Photographs provided by Client
42 Old House New Home Old House New Home 43Case Studies
Project: The Officers’ Mess
Location: Clancy Quay, Dublin 8
Practice: O’Mahony Pike with Lindsay
Conservation Architects
The Officer’s Mess dates from 1886, replacing negatively, so upgrades were restricted to
an earlier barracks Mess, originally built as Sir draught-proofing and installing slimline double-
William Robinson’s house. Using the experience glazed units in the original timber windows.
gained with protected structures in an earlier Windows at basement level were re-glazed with
project phase, analysis of the historic fabric this salvaged historic glass, as these featureless
informed the sub-division into residential units. walls could be thermally upgraded on the inner
The utilitarian servants’ rooms contrasted with face.
the more decorative Officers’ quarters. Original
features determined the planning of duplex units Externally, the roof structure and stacks were
and minimised interventions. The resulting 13 repaired and re-slated with Penhryn Slates
apartments have generous provision of light and including new flashings and cast-iron rainwater
retained historic fabric. goods. The brickwork was cleaned, repaired and
re-pointed. Ironwork railings and steps were
Surviving features informed the thermal upgrade repaired and reinstated with some adjustments.
works. In the Officers’ quarters, internal thermal Granite and Sandstone plinths and steps were
linings to external walls would have impacted cleaned and repaired.
The Officer’s Mess was formerly the most prestigious of
the redundant military buildings in Clancy Quay Barracks.
Its generous, decorative interior and entertainment spaces
have been adapted to provide high quality residential living.
Photography: Fionn McCann
44 Old House New Home Old House New Home 45Case Studies
Project: Repairing and Reusing an 18th Century House
Location: South William Street, Dublin 2
Practice: Robin Mandal Architects
This project shows that it is possible to use Technology to monitor and control fire risks
all of the floors of a city building for a variety was crucial to the project.
of uses – retail, office and residential, while
maintaining its integrity and historic quality. The ground floor and half of the first floor are
The only floor that currently remains unused is in retail use; the other half of the first floor and
the basement, which awaits further changes in part of the second floor are in office use and
the law before it can be used. the remainder of the upper floors is residential,
with a roof terrace at second floor level.
What allowed for the mixed uses was the
insertion of a new stairs from the street to the From the street, the only hints as to the
first floor, where it connects to the original complexity of the building are the stone
18th century central stairs. This allowed plaque dated 1780 and the side door leading
for independent access to the upper floors. to the upper floors.
The success of this project is the remaking of the previously removed ground
floor stair and the reconfiguration of the shop area, providing access to
generously proportioned accommodation and architecturally important upper
floors for contemporary living/working as part of this mid C18th terrace.
Photography: Robin Mandal Architects
46 Old House New Home Old House New Home 47RL
26.320
Case Studies
PL
24.140
2780
LIVING ROOM & KITCHEN BEDROOM
TF3 03-02 TF4 03-04
TFL
20.775
BEDROOM DRESSING ROOM
3095
BATHROOM
BL3 SF4 SF4A SF2
SFL
17.335
RL
Project: Georgian Townhouse
15.166
4205
BL1 FORMAL LIVING ROOM FORMAL LIVING ROOM
FF3 FF2
01-03
RL
13.360
FFL
12.805
W-01-20
Location: Merrion Square, Dublin
W-01-21 W-01-22
FFL
10.650
DINING ROOM KITCHEN
3965
GF2 GF4
W-00-11
00-01 00-03
Practice: Howley Hayes Architects
W-00-12 W-00-13
GFL
8.525
GL GFL
7.830 7.665
EXTB1
LIBRARY
2979
2786
STORE STUDY BF4 W-B-03 W-B-04
D-B-EXD1 BF5
D-B-EXD2
BFL
5.230 5.130 5.180 BFL
5.180
4.936
MQ467 - 9 MERRION SQUARE NORTH
Section AA
This Georgian town house on a prominent city fabric (hand-modelled plasterwork, decorative
square is a handsome mid-terrace structure with ironwork and the original joinery to the staircase
ashlar granite rustication to the ground floor and a and some windows); removing all unsatisfactory
fine free-standing Doric door surround. Internally room divisions and pastiche additions; externally
there are generous rooms rising from basement making good masonry and partially rebuilding and
to third floor level, of which the ground floor repairing the front façade, including the carved
entrance level and the first floor, piano nobile, are granite Doric columns and entablature to the door
particularly impressive with high ceilings enriched surround returned the property to prominence.
with fine decorative plasterwork in the Rococco
style. To the rear stands a three-storey return. The historic roof was restored by the provision
Whilst in use as commercial offices, the house had of natural slate, new copper valleys together
been heavily renovated on a number of occasions with the repairing of chimney stacks and brick
and valuable historic fabric was removed, principal flues to facilitate three open fires and one stove.
rooms were subdivided, historic links between Internally, the restoration of lost character to the
rooms blocked and a crude link between house principal reception spaces as well as designing
and rear service wing constructed in the 1980s. high quality contemporary interventions for
two new kitchens and new bathrooms were
The brief called for a comfortable, family home, undertaken. The design of a new fully-glazed link
with a generous office space in the basement, to the return structure, in the form of a winter
large entertaining rooms and ample spare garden unlocked the potential of the property and
bedrooms and bathrooms for visiting family provided access to an outdoor amenity space of
and friends. The main challenges were to a new raised contemporary garden with lower
understand previous alterations and loss and to level water feature. As part of a contemporary
improve the internal spaces necessary to make home mechanical and electrical services were
a contemporary home. Key conservation and provided to a high specification, including a mist
redevelopment strategies included: treasuring and suppression system for fire safety and a new
repairing all surviving, high-quality, decorative three-storey passenger lift in the rear return.
A Georgian town house on a prominent city square has been
expertly restored to make a comfortable contemporary family
home. Photography: Howley Hayes Architects
48 Old House New Home Old House New Home 49Case Studies
Project: Reimagining a Dublin Townhouse
Location: Synge Street, Dublin
Practice: Blackwood Associates Architects
This house in Synge Street was in poor condition generous original form, while providing ample
– divided into ten bed-sit flats, with multiple sanitary and storage provisions at every level.
poorly constructed extensions to the rear, the
accommodation was neither pleasant, nor safe Conservation works to the house included
for the occupants. restoration, by skilled craftspeople, of the
original decorative plasterwork, ironwork and
The client was looking for a family home joinery as well as lime pointing and repairs to
with flexible accommodation and a strong brickwork. To the rear, the new extension with its
relationship with the rear garden. The house now extensive windows is clearly modern, but aligns
provides three bedrooms, two of them en-suite, with the rear of the extension of the next door
a spare bedroom/study and two interconnected property, while also acknowledging the original
reception rooms at entrance level. In the carriageway.
basement there is a formal dining room, kitchen
and family room – all interconnected and with Contrasting, but natural materials have been
natural light from the front and opening into the used to differentiate the new additions from the
garden to the rear. historic parts of the house. A glazed section,
between old and new, both highlights the
Unlike the majority of Dublin terraced houses, contrast, and brings light into the staircase in
which are two bay, this house has an additional the heart of the house. The floors within the
narrow bay, the original location of a carriageway, extension are at half landing level, creating a
to the right hand side of the front door. This contrasting scale to the historic rooms, and the
arrangement enabled us to locate all the serviced changes in level are used to articulate the flow of
rooms (bathrooms, utility etc.) within this bay, space, create interest, and provide views out into
reinstating the main historic spaces in their the garden from the heart of the house.
The reordering of a previously altered classically-planned
Dublin town house – including a contemporary return
extension – follows the logic and manners of the historic
precedent. Photography: Blackwood Associates
50 Old House New Home Old House New Home 51You can also read
