Spynel: A PROVEN SOLUTION FOR - MICRO-UAV DETECTION - HGH
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UAV WHITE PAPER
Spynel: A PROVEN SOLUTION FOR
MICRO-UAV DETECTION
Infrared
HGH Systems
UAV WHITE PAPER
TABLE
TABLEOF
OFCONTENTS
CONTENTS
1. Micro-UAVs on the Rise: Detection Challenges ......3
2. Commonly Used Technologies for the Detection of Micro-UAVs ......4-5
1. Micro-UAVs on the Rise: Detection
3. Thermal Technology ......5-6 Challenges ......3
2. Commonly
4. Panoramic Used Technologies
Surveillance: The Spynelfor the Detection
Innovation of Micro-UAVs ......6-9
......4-5
3. Thermal Technology ......5
5. Spynel Field Data ......9-10
4. Panoramic Surveillance: The Spynel Innovation ......6-8
6. Ease of Use ......11
5. Spynel Field Data ......9
7. Forensics ......11
6. Ease of Use ......10
8. Mobility ......12
7. Forensics ......11
9. Open Architecture and Plug In Architecture ......12
8. Mobility ......11
10. Conclusion ......13
9. Open Architecture and Plug In Architecture ......12
10. Conclusion ......12-13
HGH Infrared Systems
HGH Infrared Systems | 50 Milk Street, 16th Floor | Boston, MA 02109
10 Rue Maryse| Ph:
Email: sales@hgh-infrared.com Bastié,
(617)91430
401-2196Igny, France
| www.hgh-infrared.com
+33 1 69 35 47 70 - www.hgh.fr - hgh@hgh.fr
COMPANY PROPRIETARY: prohibited reproduction, disclosure and use without HGH written authorization
2
UAV WHITE PAPER
1. MICRO-UAVS ON THE RISE: DETECTION CHALLENGES
1. MICRO-UAVS ON THE RISE: DETECTION CHALLENGES
Over the past ten years, advanced developments in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAVs)
technologyOver have
the resulted
past ten in highadvanced
years, levels of autonomy,
developments versatility and performance
in Unmanned with (UAVs)
Aerial Vehicles’ a wide
range of applications,
technology either
have resulted civil or
in high defense
levels related. These
of autonomy, missions
versatility include: reconnaissance,
and performance with a wide
surveillance, crop-spraying,
range of applications, eitherweather
civil or related
defensemissions, recreational
related. These or professional
missions photography,
include: reconnaissance,
surveillance,
but crop-spraying,
can also present very realweather
security related
concerns,missions,
when put recreational or professional
into the wrongs hands: smuggling (of
photography,
weapons, drugs,but can
cell also present
phones), very real
harassment (bysecurity concerns,
activists when put
or paparazzi), into theor
espionage wrongs
potentially
hands: smuggling (of weapons, drugs, cell phones), harassment (by activists
sabotage and terrorist attacks are a few examples. Hacking also poses a threat if control of aor paparazzi),
espionage
UAV or potentially
used during a missionsabotage
is diverted and
byterrorist
attackers attacks are ain
interested few examples.
stealing Hacking
proprietary alsoor the
data
posesitself.
drone a threat if control of a UAV used during a mission is diverted by attackers interested in
stealing proprietary data or the drone itself.
By 2020, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) expects to have as many as 30,000 drones
By 2020, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) expects to have as many as
flying in the United States.
30,000 drones flying in the United States.
CBS NewsCBSreports that thethat
News reports top-selling drone drone
the top-selling - also -commonly used used
also commonly for smuggling - can be
for smuggling
bought on Amazon for anywhere from $400 to $1,800. CEA’s U.S. Consumer
- can be bought on Amazon for anywhere from $400 to $1,800. CEA’s U.S. Consumer Electronics Sales
and Forecast report predicts that UAV sales will reach $130 million in revenue in
Electronics Sales and Forecast report predicts that UAV sales will reach $130 million in2015, 55 percent
more thaninin2015,
revenue 2014,55
with sales expected
percent more thantoinreach
2014, 400,000
with salesunits.
expected to reach 400,000 units.
Concerns
Concerns are quickly
are quickly rising
rising as as recent
recent incidents
incidents have demonstrated
have demonstrated the inability
the inability to and
to detect
detect
track theand track
often the often
cheap, cheap, slow
slow moving, moving,
low profile low profile
targets targets withsensors.
with conventional conventional sensors.
Incidents have
Incidents
been have been
numerous; numerous;
on the on the border,
border, around around critical infrastructures,
critical infrastructures, airports
airports and prisons and the
around
prisons around the world.
world.
Paraplanes have been used for years to smuggle drugs over the US Southern Border.
Paraplanes have been used for years to smuggle drugs over the US Southern Border. They
They are hard to spot and can carry hundreds of pounds of payload. In 2012, CBP had
are hard to spot and can carry hundreds of pounds of payload. In 2012, CBP had recorded 223
recorded 223 ultralight incursions along the US-Mexico border. The drugs were unloaded to
ultralight
accomplicesincursions
in the along
US whothepicked
US-Mexicothemborder.
up, whileThethedrugs were unloaded
ultralight returned to to Mexico.
accomplicesFlying in as
the
US who picked them up, while the ultralight returned to Mexico. Flying as low
low as 200 feet above the ground, ultralights are particularly difficult for radars to detect due as 200 feet above
the
to ground,
their wingsultralights are particularly
being made of fabric anddifficult for amounts
limited radars to ofdetect
metal due to theirbeing
materials wingsused
beingwhichmade
ofsignificantly
fabric and limited amounts of metal materials being used which significantly
reduce the radar cross section. Recently, drug traffickers are turning to UAVs reduce the radarfor
cross
smuggling drugs, in order to avoid accidents or being caught. Indeed, the Ultralight Aircraftto
section. Recently, drug traffickers are turning to UAVs for smuggling drugs, in order
avoid accidents
Smuggling or beingAct
Prevention caught. Indeed,
of 2012 the Ultralight
increased Aircraft
the penalties forSmuggling Preventionpilots:
ultralight smuggler Act ofthe 2012
increased
law closed the penalties where
a loophole for ultralight smuggler
ultralight aircrafts pilots: thesmuggling
in drug law closedwere a loophole
treatedwhere ultralight
differently
aircrafts in drug
than larger smuggling
aircraft. Now, thewere treated
penalty candifferently than jail
be a 20-year larger aircraft.
sentence Now,
and the$250,000
up to penalty can in be
afines.
20-year jail sentence
Smugglers and up
can also to $250,000
program UAVs to in land
fines.atSmugglers
a specificcan also program
location UAVs to
autonomously, land at
which
aoffers
specific
themlocation autonomously,
an additional layer ofwhich offers them
protection. an additional
In January 2015, aslayer of protection.
rep orted In January
by LA Weekly,
2015, as rep
a $1,400 ortedwas
drone by used
LA Weekly,
to bringa $1,400
crystal drone was used
meth over to bring
the border and crystal
endedmeth over the in
up crashing border
a
and ended
parking lotupincrashing
Tijuana. in a parking lot in Tijuana.
Figure 1 - An image of a paraplane being used near the Southern Border. 3
UAV WHITE PAPER
A recentA recent
series ofseries of incidents
incidents where where UAVsspotted
UAVs were were spotted flying nuclear
flying above above nuclear facilities
facilities in France
in France
raised raised the
the concern concern ofand
of espionage espionage and
terrorism. terrorism.
The The illegal
illegal flights flightsatperformed
performed night wereat initially
night were
thought initially
to have beenthought
operatedto have been operated
by amateurs by amateurs
or pranksters. or pranksters.
However, the UAVs However,
that werethe used
UAVs
were thatpowerful
more were used andwere more than
complex powerful and complex
the usual recreational than the usual
drones: theyrecreational
were more drones:
expensive,
they were more
helicopter-like expensive,
models helicopter-like
that can stay airborne models that can
for dozens stay airborne
of kilometers. for dozens
A more recentofincident
miles.
A more recent
involving incident
coordinated involving
visits coordinated
to 5 nuclear visits
reactors to 5 nuclear
hundreds reactors hundreds
of kilometers of milesthe
apart escalated
apart escalated
French government’sthe French
level ofgovernment’s level of concern.
concern. A campaign A campaign
of harassment of harassment
by anti-nuclear activists bycould
anti-nuclear
be the reason activists could bebut
for the incidents, the authorities
reason for have
the incidents, but authorities
not excluded have not excluded
possible surveillance flights by
possible surveillance flights by terrorists.
terrorists.
PrisonsPrisons haveseen
have also also seen the of
the rise riseUAV
of UAV threats
threats in recent
in recent years,
years, resulting
resulting in in drugs
drugs andcell
and
cell phones being smuggled over their perimeter
phones being smuggled over their perimeter fences. fences.
In 2013, four people were accused of trying to fly a DJI Spektrum DX6i hexacopter
In 2013, four people were accused of trying to fly a DJI Spektrum DX6i hexacopter carrying
carrying tobacco and cell phones into Calhoun State Prison, Georgia, as reported by BBC. On
tobacco and cell phones into Calhoun State Prison, Georgia, as reported by BBC. On April 21,
April 21, 2014, as reported by ABC News, a crashed drone carrying contraband (marijuana,
2014, as reported by ABC News, a crashed drone carrying contraband (marijuana, tobacco and
tobacco and cell phones), was found in bushes outside the fence of Lee Correctional
cell phones), was found in bushes outside the fence of Lee Correctional Institution, a maximum
Institution, a maximum security prison in South Carolina.. Other occurrences were noted in
security prison in South Carolina.. Other occurrences were noted in Australia, Brazil, Greece,
Australia, Brazil, Greece, Switzerland, England, Quebec and Russia.
Switzerland, England, Quebec and Russia.
2.2.COMMONLY
COMMONLYUSED
USEDTECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIESFOR
FORTHE
THEDETECTION
DETECTIONOF
OFMICRO-UAVS
MICRO-UAVS
Multiple
Multiple types
types of of micro-drones
micro-drones are available,
are available, amongamong them
them are are multi-rotor
multi-rotor (quad-,(quad-,
hexa-,octo-
hexa-,octo-X8-rotor
X8-rotor and Y6 rotor)and
andY6 rotor)
fixed wingand fixed wing UAVs.
UAVs.
Copter
Copterdrones
dronesare
are typically
typically slower
slower and have aa shorter
and have shorter range
rangethan
thanfixed-wing
fixed-wingmodels;
models;even
evenwith
with battery
battery extenders,
extenders, mostoperate
most can’t can’t operate more30
more than than 30 minutes.
minutes.
Fixed-wing UAVs are typically faster and can fly for four to five hours at decent speeds. They
Fixed-wing UAVs are typically faster and can fly for four to five hours at decent speeds. They
often require a runway or catapult which is not very maneuverable and they can’t hover.
often require a runway or catapult which is not very maneuverable and they can’t hover.
UAVs are usually detected using radar, visual detection or acoustic sensors. Because of the
UAVssizes
small are and
usually detected
small usingsections
radar cross radar, visual detection
of UAVs, or acoustic
these methods sensors. Because
of detecting of the
them have
small sizes and small radar cross
become increasingly difficult. sections of UAVs, these methods of detecting them have
become increasingly difficult.
RADARS:
RADARS:
Radars rely on detecting the electromagnetic waves (EM) emitted by the target. Small
UAVs are non-metallic
Radars rely on detectingandthe
due to their size, thewaves
electromagnetic EM signature is smaller,
(EM) emitted by thewhich makes
target. their
Small UAVs
detection by radars very challenging.
are non-metallic and due to their size, the EM signature is smaller, which makes their detection
by radars very challenging.
Radars are also susceptible to interference from weather conditions, surface clutter
(ground or sea
Radars are alsoclutter) and smaller
susceptible flying objects
to interference (point clutter)
from weather suchsurface
conditions, as birds, all of(ground
clutter which can
or
create a high level of false negative alarms or are eliminated altogether if filtered out.
sea clutter) and smaller flying objects (point clutter) such as birds, all of which can create a high
level of false negative alarms or are eliminated altogether if filtered out.
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UAV WHITE PAPER
ACOUSTIC
ACOUSTICSENSORS:
SENSORS:
Acoustic sensors
Acoustic use microphone
sensors arraysarrays
use microphone to capture the sound
to capture of theofmoving
the sound partsparts
the moving of UAVs
of
and
UAVscompare the signature
and compare to a database
the signature of registered
to a database sounds sounds
of registered for identification. The limitations
for identification. The
of acoustic detection
limitations of acousticinclude:
detection include:
• • AAhigh
highsusceptibility
susceptibilityto
toambient
ambientnoise
noiseand
andwind.
wind.Results
Results in
in noisy
noisy areas
areas will
will be
be poor.
poor.
• • There
Thereare
areaalarge
largenumber
numberofofsmall
smallUAVs
UAVsavailable,
available, as
as well
well as
as customizable
customizable parts,
parts, that require
that require
exact acoustic
exact signatures
acoustic be be
signatures stored in the
stored database
in the for effective
database detection.
for effective Updating
detection. this data
Updating this
is time
data consuming and canand
is time consuming eventually consume
can eventually a lot ofaprocessing
consume power.power.
lot of processing Glide mode is alsois
Glide mode
very hard
also verytohard
detect, as UAVs
to detect, asbecome virtually
UAVs become silent. silent.
virtually
• Last but not least, acoustic sensors can be very easily spoofed, by a change of component,
• Last but not least, acoustic sensors can be very easily spoofed, by a change of component,
a home-made customization or even by playing recordings of flying UAVs to confuse the
a home-made customization or even by playing recordings of flying UAVs to confuse the
sensors on the origin of the actual threat.
sensors on the origin of the actual threat.
As opposed to the aforementioned means of detection, thermal technology doesn’t
As opposed
require to the
a library aforementioned
of ever changing UAV means of detection,
models and cannotthermal technology
be easily spoofed doesn’t require a
by a change
library of ever changing UAV models and cannot be easily spoofed by a change
in propeller or other components affecting the acoustic signature. In order to detect and in propeller or
other components affecting the acoustic signature. In order to detect and track
track low-emitting heat and small targets, and to avoid false alarms, specific and advanced low-emitting
heat and small targets,
developments and technology
in thermal to avoid false alarms,
and specific
algorithms and advanced
achieved by HGHdevelopments
are now able in
tothermal
technology and algorithms achieved by HGH
provide a superior detection capability at long range.are now able to provide a superior detection
capability at long range.
3. THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
3. THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
Thermal technology is based on a simple physical principle: any object whatsoever,
emits infrared radiation (IR). We call this the “infrared signature” of the object.
Thermal
This technology
IR signature is based
depends on a parameter:
on a main simple physical principle:
the intrinsic any objectofwhatsoever,
temperature the object. emits
infrared radiation (IR). We call this the “infrared signature” of the object. This IR signature
depends
Thermalon a main parameter:
technology theused
is therefore intrinsic temperature
for two different of the object.
purposes:
• Thermography:
Thermal technology Thermography
is therefore usedsensors analyze
for two the infrared
different purposes: signature of materials in order
to deduce their temperature without even making contact with these materials. Pyrometers,
• or industrial thermography
Thermography: Thermography cameras,
sensorsare used for the
analyze process controlor
infrared for temperature
signature of materials in order
measurement in industrial furnaces, for example.
to deduce their temperature without even making contact with these materials. Pyrometers,
or industrial
• Thermal thermography
imaging: thermal imaging cameras,
cameras areare
used for process
not intended controlor
to analyze the for temperature
temperature of
measurement
objects in industrial
but to capture furnaces,
all infrared for example.
radiation from a scene to render the most detailed image
possible. The thermal camera provides the operator with a video that looks exactly the same
• day
Thermal imaging:
and night and is thermal imaging
independent ofcameras are not intended
lighting conditions (a sunnyto analyze the temperature
day or black, moonless of
objects
night). but to capture
Thermal imagingall infrared
cameras areradiation
used forfrom a scene
defense andto render applications
security the most detailed
for dayimage
and
possible.
night The thermal camera provides the operator with a video that looks exactly the same
surveillance.
day and night and is independent of lighting conditions (a sunny day or black, moonless
night).
WithThermal imaging
thermal cameras
technology, it isare used for defense
impossible and security
to be stealthy. Whetherapplications
an object for day and
is hot
or night surveillance.
cold, it will be seen by the thermal imager, day or night. This is essential in order to
understand the functions of Spynel thermal technology for UAV detection, whether they use
aWith thermal
thermal technology,
engine or electricit motor.
is impossible to be
Contrary to stealthy. Whether
popular belief, an object
a “cold” is hot
object or cold,seen
is always it will
be seen by the thermal
by a thermal camera. imager, day or night. This is essential in order to understand the functions
of Spynel thermal technology for UAV detection, whether they use a thermal engine or electric
motor. Contrary to popular belief, a “cold” object is always seen by a thermal camera.
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UAV WHITE PAPER
3.1. THE DIFFERENT THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
3.1. THE DIFFERENT THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
There are two types of thermal cameras:
• There are two
“Cooled” typescameras
thermal of thermal cameras:
• “Cooled” thermal cameras
• “Uncooled” thermal cameras
• “Uncooled” thermal cameras
The “cooled” cameras offer the best performance and the best image quality. While
”uncooled”cameras are often
The “cooled” cameras more
offer the competitively
best performancepriced.
and the best image quality.
While”uncooled”cameras are often more competitively priced.
3.2. HOW TO CHOOSE A THERMAL CAMERA
3.2. HOW TO CHOOSE A THERMAL CAMERA
Two main criteria determine the quality of a thermal camera:
Two main criteria determine the quality of a thermal camera:
• Thermal sensitivity: is the ability to distinguish differences in temperature. The “cooled”
camerassensitivity:
• Thermal offer betteristhermal sensitivity
the ability than “uncooled”
to distinguish differencescameras. For the The
in temperature. same number of
“cooled”
pixels, the
cameras image
offer of athermal
better “cooled” thermal than
sensitivity camera is of better
“uncooled” qualityFor
cameras. (i.e.the
lesssame
“noisy”) thanofan
number
“uncooled”
pixels, camera’s
the image of a image.
“cooled” thermal camera is of better quality (i.e. less “noisy”) than an
“uncooled” camera’s image.
• Spatial Resolution: is the camera’s ability to capture very small details at great distances. The
• Spatial
spatial Resolution:
resolution isisclosely
the camera’s
related ability
to the to capture
number of very small
camera details
pixels. at great
Clearly, thedistances.
more pixels
The spatial resolution is closely related to the number of camera pixels. Clearly,
there are, the better the spatial resolution will be and the greater the detection range the more
will be.
pixels there are, the better the spatial resolution will be and the greater the detection range
willmost
The be. powerful thermal cameras on the market are therefore “Cooled” cameras with a large
amount of pixels.
The most powerful thermal cameras on the market are therefore “Cooled” cameras
with a large amount of pixels.
4.4.PANORAMIC
PANORAMICSURVEILLANCE:
SURVEILLANCE:THE
THESPYNEL
SPYNELINNOVATION
INNOVATION
4.1. THE4.1.
SPYNEL INNOVATION
THE SPYNEL INNOVATION
The idea for the design of HGH Infrared Systems’ Spynel series emerged from the following
The thermal
observation: idea for monitoring
the design solutions
of HGH Infrared
for longSystems’ Spynel series
range panoramic emerged
imaging from
must be the
developed
following observation:
specifically for this need,thermal
and notmonitoring solutions
use traditional for long range panoramic imaging must
subsystems.
be developed specifically for this need, and not use traditional subsystems.
The SPYNEL systems are composed of two essential elements, developed by HGH:
The SPYNEL systems are composed of two essential elements, developed by HGH:
• The high resolution panoramic thermal camera Spynel, which allows for the high speed
• The high resolution panoramic thermal camera Spynel, which allows for the high speed
acquisition of data.
acquisition of data.
• • Cyclope
Cyclope software
softwarefor
fordata
dataprocessing,
processing, visualization,
visualization, detection
detection and
and automatic
automatic tracking
tracking of of
multiple targets over 360°.
multiple targets over 360 °.
The
The Spynel
Spynel / Cyclope tandem
tandem is
ismore
morethan
thanaathermal
thermalcamera:
camera:it it
is is a single
a single long-range
long-range automatic
detection
automaticsystem that allows
detection systemSIMULTANEOUSLY:
that allows SIMULTANEOUSLY:
• • Visualization
Visualization of
of multiple
multiple targets
targets over
over 360
360°°
• AUTOMATIC detection and tracking of multiple targets 360 ° (terrestrial, maritime or
• AUTOMATIC detection and tracking of multiple targets 360° (terrestrial, maritime or airborne
airborne threats).
threats). 6
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UAV WHITE PAPER
4.1.1. SPYNELSENSORS
4.1.1. SPYNEL SENSORS
SpynelSpynel
consists of an infrared
consists cameracamera
of an infrared that continuously rotatesrotates
that continuously at a high
at aspeed (up to (up
high speed 2 Hzto=
22revolutions per second). HGH’s thermal camera is capable of rotating at a high speed
Hz = 2 revolutions per second). HGH’s thermal camera is capable of rotating at a high speed (which
is(which
impossible with Panwith
is impossible & TiltPan
cameras) while providing
& Tilt cameras) outstanding
while providing image quality
outstanding imagewith verywith
quality high
spatial resolution (up to 120 Mpixels for Spynel-X 8000).
very high spatial resolution (up to 120 Mpixels for Spynel-X 8000).
The continuous rotation
The continuous makes makes
rotation it possible to generate
it possible a thermal
to generate panoramic
a thermal image image
panoramic after each
camera turn.camera
after each The successive
turn. Thepanoramic
successiveimages makeimages
panoramic a video.
make a video.
SpynelSpynel can therefore
can therefore produce
produce a higharesolution
high resolution thermal
thermal panoramic
panoramic imageimage at a equal
at a rate rate to
equal to the rotation frequency. This rate can be up to 2 Hz depending on the model.
the rotation frequency. This rate can be up to 2 Hz depending on the model. This ensures Thisnear
ensures near real-time monitoring while the high spatial resolution and high sensitivity ensure
real-time monitoring while the high spatial resolution and high sensitivity ensure high detection
high
ranges.detection ranges.
Thermal
Thermal imagingimaging
allows allows
for dayfor
andday andsurveillance,
night night surveillance, but
but also also guarantees
guarantees the to
the ability ability
view
to view any object, even deemed as stealth, whether it is
any object, even deemed as stealth, whether it is hot or cold. hot or cold.
4.1.2. CYCLOPE
4.1.2. CYCLOPE SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
The Cyclope software is the intelligent part of the system. Without the Cyclope software,
TheisCyclope
the sensor software
simply used is the intelligent
to provide images forpart of the system.
observation Without
purposes andthe
noCyclope
detection. The
software, the sensor is simply used to provide images
distinction between “observation” and “detection” is crucial. for observation purposes and no
detection. The distinction between “observation” and “detection” is crucial.
The Cyclope software can generate automatic detections of intrusions that an operator could
The Cyclope software can generate automatic detections of intrusions that an
not pick up by himself through simple observation. It also relieves the operator from scanning the
operator could not pick up by himself through simple observation. It also relieves the
image permanently and missing a target during lapses of attention.
operator from scanning the image permanently and missing a target during lapses of
attention.
For nearly 15 years, HGH’s teams have developed advanced algorithms for detection and
tracking For
of all types15ofyears,
nearly conventional and asymmetric
HGH’s teams threats:
have developed humans,algorithms
advanced vehicles, zodiacs, jet skis,
for detection
wooden skiffs (pirates), ULM, helicopters, aircraft, drones...
and tracking of all types of conventional and asymmetric threats: humans, vehicles, zodiacs,
jet skis, wooden skiffs (pirates), ULM, helicopters, aircraft, drones...
The Cyclope software can be installed on industry standard PCs and includes a user-friendly,
intuitive interface.
The Cyclope software can be installed on industry standard PCs and includes a user-friendly,
intuitive interface.
Cyclope offers multiple classification and recognition capabilities:
Cyclope offers multiple classification and recognition capabilities:
• 4x Digital zoom in zoom windows selected by operator in any direction
• 4x Digital zoom in zoom windows selected by operator in any direction
• Specific contrast settings can be selected for zoom windows for local area contrast
• Specific contrast settings can be selected for zoom windows for local area contrast
enhancement as shown below.
enhancement as shown below.
• • Basic
Basicclassification
classificationofoftargets
targets (ground
(ground or or airborne)
airborne) is based
is based on elevation
on elevation calibration.
calibration. Air Air
targets are represented by a small plane icon.
targets are represented by a small plane icon.
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UAV WHITE PAPER
Figure 2 - A Cyclope screenshot shows a small UAV being detected and tracked
The main
The functions
main ofof
functions the Cyclope
the software
Cyclope softwareare:
are:
CONTROL
CONTROL
• Quick set-up assistant.
• Quick set-up assistant.
•• Remote
Remotesensor
sensor control
control and
and diagnostic.
diagnostic.
•• Control
Controlof
oftilt
tiltand
and water
water sprinkler
sprinkler (option).
(option).
DISPLAY
DISPLAY
•• Real
Realtime
timepanoramic
panoramic display
display (strip
(strip &
& annular).
annular).
•• Multiplezoom
Multiple zoomwindows
windows on on areas
areas of
of interest
interest over 360°.
•• Automatic/manual contrast and brightness adjustments.
Automatic/manual contrast and brightness adjustments.
• Multiple screen capabilities (option).
• Multiple screen capabilities (option).
• Graphical User Interface compatible with touch screen (option).
•• Graphical User
Pinpointing or Interface compatible
fast scrolling with touch screen (option).
over 360°image.
•• Pinpointing or fast
Multiple color scrolling over 360°image.
palettes.
•• Storagecolor
Multiple and playback
palettes. of video sequences (timeshift function).
•• Storage and playbackand
MJPEG compression videosequences
of video transmission throughfunction).
(timeshift IP.
• Conversion and storage of video clip in .avi format.
• MJPEG compression and video transmission through IP.
• Screenshot in .jpg or .bmp formats.
• Conversion and storage of video clip in .avi format.
• Access protection with login/password and history of sessions.
• Screenshot in .jpg or .bmp formats.
• Access protection with login/password and history of sessions.
8
8UAV WHITE PAPER
DETECTION & TRACKING
DETECTION & TRACKING
• • Automatic
Automaticand andreal
realtime
timedetection
detectionof
ofmultiple
multiplemobile
mobiletargets
targets(land,
(land,maritime,
maritime,air)
air)within
within the
the panoramic
panoramic image. image.
• • Bookmarks
Bookmarksfor formanual
manualclassification
classificationof
ofthreats
threatsand
and forensic
forensic analysis.
analysis.
• • User-friendly
User-friendlysetup
setupofofdetection
detectionparameters
parameters (polygonal
(polygonal alarm
alarm zones,
zones, detection
detection sensitivity,
sensitivity,
time
timeset-up).
set-up).
• • 3D
3Ddetection
detectioncapabilities.
capabilities.
• • Automatic
Automaticcreation
creationofofblips
blipsand
andtracks
tracksupon
upondetection.
detection.
• Automatic tracking of multiple and simultaneous intrusions (zoom windows aim automatically
• Automatic tracking of multiple and simultaneous intrusions (zoom windows aim
at new detected
automatically targets
at new without
detected operator
targets action).
without operator action).
• Tracking data available through IP (track number, date, time, azimuth, elevation…).
• Tracking data available through IP (track number, date, time, azimuth, elevation…).
• Display of azimuth/elevation coordinates of detected targets.
• Display of azimuth/elevation coordinates of detected targets.
• “Radar” view window with GPS position assessment of detected targets on site map.
• • “Radar” view
Capability towindow with GPS position
display permanently assessment
designated of detected azimuth,
target parameters: targets on site map.
elevation, distance,
• Capability
GPS... to display permanently designated target parameters: azimuth, elevation,
distance, GPS...
5.5.SPYNEL
SPYNELFIELD
FIELDDATA
DATA
Many demonstrations have been organized by government entities in the US and
Many demonstrations
abroad to check Spynel’s have been organized
capabilities to detectby government
low-altitude entities
airborne in the(micro
threats US and abroad
or mini-
to checkparagliders,
drones, Spynel’s capabilities
hang gliding, to detect low-altitude
light aircrafts airborne
....). Based threats
on tests (micro
results, HGHor wasminidrones,
able to
paragliders,
determine the hang gliding,
most lightmodel
suitable aircrafts
for ....).
eachBased
type ofonthreat.
tests results, HGH was able to determine
the most suitable model for each type of threat.
For the detection of UAVs:
For the detection of UAVs:
• A vertical field of 20° is recommended. 5° and 10° vertical field of views (also available)
• offer greaterfield
A vertical detection
of 20° ranges than 20° models,
is recommended. 5° andbut 10°air threats,
vertical even
field of at low altitude,
views may
(also available)
be outside
offer of their
greater field of
detection view.than
ranges With20°a Spynel 20°,
models, butaerial surveillance
air threats, is effective
even at between
low altitude, may be0
and 150mofoftheir
outside altitude
field(or higher)
of view. from
With 400m away.
a Spynel Spynel
20°, aerial detection is
surveillance range for mini-UAVs
effective between 0m is
well
andabove
150m of 400m, so the
altitude (or Spynel
higher)20 ° ensures
from 400m detection
away. Spynel of approaching
detection rangedrones, regardless is
for mini-UAVs
ofwell
altitude.
above 400m, so the Spynel 20° ensures detection of approaching drones, regardless of
altitude.
• The higher the rotation speed of Spynel sensors, the better the detection and tracking of
• very
The maneuverable
higher the rotationair targets
speed(such as UAVs)
of Spynel by Cyclope
sensors, software
the better is. Havingand
the detection a higher frame
tracking of
rate will also trigger earlier warnings and provide valuable time to evaluate
very maneuverable air targets (such as UAVs) by Cyclope software is. Having a higher frame and neutralize
the
ratethreats.
will also trigger earlier warnings and provide valuable time to evaluate and neutralize
the more
• The threats.
pixels the 20° Spynel camera has, the better the detection range is.
• The more pixels the 20° Spynel camera has, the better the detection range is.
9UAV WHITE PAPER
COMPARATIVE TABLE
COMPARATIVE TABLE - SPYNEL 20° 20°
- SPYNEL
The three
The three models
models proposed
proposed by HGH, and having a vertical field of
of view
view of
of 20°,
20°, are:
are:
SPYNEL-C-1000 SPYNEL-S-2000 SPYNEL-X-3500
NOTE: The tilt of the rotating head of the Spynel-C, S and X can be adjusted up or down to adapt to the topography
of the site and the application (air or ground detection). For the detection of drones, Spynel cameras are usually tilted
upward so that the vertical monitoring area is comprised between the horizon (= 0 °) and 20°.
SPYNEL-C 1000 SPYNEL-S 2000 SPYNEL-X3500
Horizontal Field of View 360° 360° 360°
Vertical Field of View 20° 20° 20°
Line Adjustable Referred -20°/+45° -45°/+45° -45°/+45°
Flame Rate Up to 2Hz Up to 2Hz Up to 2Hz
Spectral Band LWIR (8-12μm) MWIR (3-5μm) MWIR (3-5μm)
Image Resolution 3 MegaPixels 7 MegaPixels 30 MegaPixels
Weight 28 kg 38 kg 38 kg
Operating Temperature -40° to +71° C -40° to +71° C -40° to +71° C
10UAV WHITE PAPER
6.6.EASE
EASEOF
OFUSE
USE
With Spynel,
With Spynel, panoramic
panoramic detection
detection and near-real
and near-real time imagery
time imagery work congruently:
work congruently: The
The operator
has direct available
operator has directimages of all
available the targets
images of all at
theonce and is
targets atable
oncetoand
quickly discern
is able between
to quickly targets
discern
of interesttargets
between and targets that are
of interest andgenerated by are
targets that wildgenerated
or domesticated
by wild animals, moving vegetation
or domesticated animals,
or regularvegetation
moving activities. or
There is noactivities.
regular such thing as ais“lost
There track”
no such because
thing the operator
as a “lost keeps an
track” because theeye
on the threats
operator keepsat an
all eye
times.
on the threats at all times.
The Spynel
The Spynel display
display unburdens
unburdens the operator:
the operator: intuitively,
intuitively, watching
watching panoramic
panoramic images
images is less
is less taxing than following a high number of dots and tracks on a map. Operators can get
taxing than following a high number of dots and tracks on a map. Operators can get desensitized
desensitized
over time when over time
faced when
with toofaced
muchwith
data.too much data.
Withthan
With more more100than 100 Spynel
Spynel units deployed,
units deployed, extensiveextensive
feedbackfeedback was provided
was provided from and
from theater
HGH’s engineering team automated all the Spynel settings, including the most complexmost
theater and HGH’s engineering team automated all the Spynel settings, including the ones, to
complex
make sureones, to make
untrained sure untrained
operators operators
or operators dealingorwithoperators dealingof
a large number with a largetechnologies,
complex number
of complex
could technologies,
successfully could successfully
use the system. As a result, use the system.
the Spynel As require
doesn’t a result,a the Spynel operator:
dedicated doesn’t it
can run on a customized screen, as part of a layered control and management system. Itcontrol
require a dedicated operator: it can run on a customized screen, as part of a layered provides
and management
precious help in thesystem. It provides
early detection of precious helpbut
real threats in the
alsoearly
as a detection
mechanism of to
real threats
collect but
ongoing
also as a mechanism to collect ongoing intelligence
intelligence for analysis and prosecution purposes. for analysis and prosecution purposes.
7.7.FORENSICS
FORENSICS
Spynel’s advanced forensic capabilities allow the replaying of a sequence over 360 degrees as
Spynel’s advanced forensic capabilities allow the replaying of a sequence over 360
if it were live: all settings (color palette, zoom resolution, contrast, detection sensitivity, etc.) can
degrees as if it were live: all settings (color palette, zoom resolution, contrast, detection
be changed, which allows the user to pinpoint elements that were possibly missed previously.
sensitivity, etc.) can be changed, which allows the user to pinpoint elements that were
Additionally, bookmarks provide an easy way for the operator to mark and describe an event or a
possibly missed previously. Additionally, bookmarks provide an easy way for the operator to
particular component from the scene. When looking back at the timeline, the analyst has a quick
mark and describe an event or a particular component from the scene. When looking back at
overview of all alarms and bookmarks.
the timeline, the analyst has a quick overview of all alarms and bookmarks.
The footage is time-stamped
The footage and can
is time-stamped becan
and used
beas evidence
used in court.
as evidence in Cyclope’s zoom windows’
court. Cyclope’s zoom
footage can be saved on a CD ROM in a standard MSFT media format, and replayed
windows’ footage can be saved on a CD ROM in a standard MSFT media format, and without the
replayed
Cyclope software.
without the Cyclope software.
Figure 3 - Spynel’s software timeline with color coded smart bookmarks.
11UAV WHITE PAPER
8. MOBILITY
8. MOBILITY
Vehicles equipped with surveillance solutions can be dispatched between fixed
Vehicles equipped
surveillance with
sites or in surveillance
remote solutions
or inhospitable can where
areas be dispatched between
fixed assets are notfixed surveillance
a good fit. As
sites or in remote or inhospitable areas where fixed assets are not a good fit. As such,
such, resistance to shocks, vibrations and dust, is paramount. The Spynel has been mounted resistance
to shocks, vibrations and dust, is paramount. The Spynel has been mounted on armored vehicles
on armored vehicles for the Army, off road, in the toughest conditions.. It provides quality
for the Army, off road, in the toughest conditions.. It provides quality high resolution situational
high resolution situational awareness on the move and automated panoramic intrusion
awareness on the move and automated panoramic intrusion detection when stationary.
detection when stationary.
Benefits previously
Benefits observed
previously for fixed
observed forsites
fixedapply
sites to mobile
apply strategy.
to mobile The advantages
strategy. of a full
The advantages
panoramic, near real time thermal sensor is made more prevalent as the patrol
of a full panoramic, near real time thermal sensor is made more prevalent as the patrol vehicles venture
out at night
vehicles in areas
venture outwith no external
at night in areaslight
withorno
in external
treacherous
lightterrain where full awareness
or in treacherous of one’s
terrain where full
surroundings become highly valuable.
awareness of one’s surroundings become highly valuable.
The Spynel
The Spynel systemsystem can quickly
can quickly be operational;
be operational; it to
it is easy is easy to integrate
integrate on a concealed
on a concealed deployable
mast in the back
deployable mast inof the
a vehicle
back ofora with a hardware
vehicle or with a kit that can
hardware kitbe dismounted
that relatively easily.
can be dismounted
Spynel only
relatively requires
easily. Spynelan only
Ethernet cable
requires anconnected to a connected
Ethernet cable ruggedizedtolaptop and a power
a ruggedized laptopcable
and
linked
a powerto a 24DC
cable power
linked tosource.
a 24DC power source.
9.9. OPEN
OPEN ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE AND
AND PLUG
PLUG IN
IN ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
SpynelSpynel systems
systems use standard
use standard communication
communication protocols
protocols for for easy
easy integrationwithin
integration withinother
other systems
systems and canand can
also also display
display other sensors’
other sensors’ detections
detections on Cyclope’s
on Cyclope’s display display forpurposes.
for fusion fusion
purposes.
Users may also want to identify targets at the Spynel detection range, while maintaining wide
Users mayThis
area surveillance. also want
can to identify
be achieved targetsaat
through the Spynelplugin
slew-to-cue detection range,awhile
that points long range pan-
maintaining wide area surveillance. This can be achieved through a slew-to-cue
tilt zoom (PTZ) camera in the direction of the detected target. A predictive algorithm plugin that
ensures
points a long range pan-tilt zoom (PTZ) camera in the direction of the detected
that the PTZ is pointed to the target. This plug in can be used to easily discriminate target.
flyingA birds
from micro-UAVs when Spynel’s classification and recognition capabilities reach their limit. to
predictive algorithm ensures that the PTZ is pointed to the target. This plug in can be used
easily discriminate flying birds from micro-UAVs when Spynel’s classification and recognition
capabilities reach their limit.
Figure 4 - Images of the same plane in zoom windows with two different contrast settings: a regular white hot palette
on the left and an enhanced contrast palette on the right.
12UAV WHITE PAPER
10.
10.CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The Spynel systemsystem
The Spynel is a mature, COTS technology
is a mature, readily available
COTS technology for deployment.
readily available It is easyItto
for deployment.
set up and integrate with Common Operating Pictures software and other sensors
is easy to set up and integrate with Common Operating Pictures software and other sensorssuch as long
range cameras. Information can be sent back to a remote headquarter through wireless
such as long range cameras. Information can be sent back to a remote headquarter through or fiber
inwireless
real time, displayed in a central command room and stored digitally in a database for
or fiber in real time, displayed in a central command room and stored digitally in a further
analysis.
database for further analysis.
SpynelSpynel
sensors were initially
sensors developed
were initially in 2006
developed and and
in 2006 havehave
been deployed
been in in
deployed thethe
harshest
environments since their inception: Afghanistan for the US Army, the Middle Eastern
harshest environments since their inception: Afghanistan for the US Army, the Middle Easterndesert to
protect critical infrastructure or at sea in hot, humid and corrosive environments for the French
desert to protect critical infrastructure or at sea in hot, humid and corrosive environments for
Navy.
the French Navy.
The MIL-SPEC
The MIL-SPEC SpynelSpynel is uniquely
is uniquely designed
designed to provide
to provide fulldegree
full 360 360 degree situational
situational awareness
inawareness in near
near real time real
with time withintrusion
automatic automatic intrusionand
detection detection and
tracking. tracking.
Spynel Spynel
is often is
described as
often described
“infrared radar”: itas“infrared
provides the(thermal?)
benefitsradar”: it provides
of a thermal the benefits
camera, visualizesofthreats
a thermaldaycamera,
and night
invisualizes threatscoupled
total darkness, day andwithnightthe
in total darkness,
benefits coupled
of radar with the benefits
as it automatically of radar
detects as it an
and tracks
automatically
unlimited number detects and tracks
of threats an unlimited
in all directions number of threats in all directions at once.
at once.
For UAV Fordetection,
UAV detection,
SpynelSpynel
goes goes beyond
beyond otherother technologies’
technologies’ abilities:
abilities: its proven
its proven detection
range of micro-drones is unmatched and detection cannot be easily manipulated.manipulated.
detection range of micro-drones is unmatched and detection cannot be easily Spynel, unlike
Spynel,
radars, unlike radars,
is completely is completely
passive and cannot passive and cannot
be jammed. benot
It does jammed.
operateIt with
doesanot operate
library with
“matching”
a library “matching” mechanism, and therefore can detect even newly released
mechanism, and therefore can detect even newly released UAVs, or modified commercial models. UAVs, or
modified commercial models.
Spynel is the only reliable, proven 360 degree “thermal radar” with more than 100 units
Spynel is the only reliable, proven 360 degree “infrared radar” with more than 100
deployed to date and advanced detection algorithms developed over the course of 15 years.
units deployed to date and advanced detection algorithms developed over the course of 15
years.
About HGH Infrared Systems: Founded in 1982, HGH designs, develops, assembles and sells high end optronics
systems for security, industrial and civil applications. HGH’s team of highly qualified engineering team is comprised
of experts in optics, software, mechanics and electronics and operates in France, at Igny (near Paris). HGH strives to
About HGH
provide advanced and Infrared Systems:
innovative infraredFounded
equipment in 1982, HGH designs,
to protect develops,
their clients assembles
all around the and sells
world, complete
while keeping the
high end optronics systems for security, industrial and civil applications. HGH’s team of highly qualified engineers
agility and dedication of a small and passionate team. Speed, flexibility, technical excellence and
is comprised of experts in optics, software, mechanics and electronics and operates in the US out of Boston.
innovation constitute
their core values. HGH has established itself as an international reference for infrared technology
HGH strives to provide advanced and innovative infrared equipment to protect their clients, all around the world, innovation through
the development
while keeping theof agility
multiple advanced
and dedicationthermal sensors,
of a small and among which
passionate its award-winning
team. real-time
Speed, flexibility, 360-degree
technical excellence thermal
and innovation
camera, constitute
the SpynelC their core
2008 Product of values.
the YearHGHfrom has established
Photonics Techitself as an
Briefs, international
2010 Innovationreference forthe
Prize from infrared
EuroNaval
technology innovation through the development of multiple advanced thermal sensors, among which its award
Committee, 2011 Kummerman Award from the French Academy of Marine, 2012 GovSec Platinum Award.
winning real-time 360 degree thermal camera, the Spynel-C – 2008 Product of the Year from Photonics Tech Briefs,
2010 Innovation Prize from the EuroNaval Committee, 2011 Kummerman Award from the French Academy of Marine,
www.hgh-infrared.com
2012 GovSec Platinum Award, 2014 Government Security News, 2014 Best Video Tracking/Wide Area/Long Range
Surveillance from Government Security News’ Airport, Seaport, and Border Security Awards Program.
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