Status report ALICE Harald Appelshäuser Goethe Universität Frankfurt - A Large Ion Collider Experiment - Indico
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A Large Ion Collider Experiment Status report ALICE BMBF Forschungsschwerpunkt ErUM-FSP T01 Harald Appelshäuser Goethe Universität Frankfurt KHuK Jahrestagung 2020 Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 1
The ALICE Collaboration The ALICE Collaboration • 1025 Authors • 174 Institutes • 39 Countries Total papers 308 papers submitted and counting 300 250 200 150 39 Countries, 175 Institutes (including 18 Associates) System Year(s) √sNN (TeV) Lint 100 2010, 2011 2.76 75 μb-1 Pb-Pb 1934 Members, about 1000 signing authors 2015, 2018 5.02 800 μb-1 Run 1 50 Xe-Xe 2017 5.44 0.3 μb-1 Run 2 0 u 941 Physicists (PhD + PhD Students)3 nb , 25 nb u 49 Senior Engineers 2013 5.02 15 nb-1 2011 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2014 2017 p-Pb -1 -1 2016 5.02, 8.16 u 580 PhDpp Physicists 2009-2013 0.9, 2.76, 7, 8 200 μb , 100 nb 1.5 pb , 2.5 pb -1 -1 u 225 Engineers -1 -1 http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/submitted u 361 Physics Doctoral Students u 11 Technicians 2015, 2017 5.02 1.3 pb -1 2015-2018 13 36 pb -1 ALICE Highlights - ICHEP 2020 - D.D. Chinellato 2 u 273 Undergraduate Students Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 2
ALICE Germany Experiment (11 Teams) Leading functions of German ALICE members: - Uni Bonn - Collaboration Board Chair: Silvia Masciocchi (GSI) - Uni Frankfurt (4) - TRD Project Leader: Johanna Stachel (Uni Heidelberg) - Uni Heidelberg - TU München - O2-EPN Project Leader: Volker Lindenstruth (Uni Frankfurt) - Uni Münster - TPC Project Leader: Harald Appelshäuser (Uni Frankfurt) - Hochschule Worms - GSI - Editorial Board Chair: Yvonne Pachmayer (Uni Heidelberg) - Conference Committe Chair: Dariusz Miskowiec (GSI) Theory (6 Teams) - Service Work Board Chair: Kai Schweda (GSI) - Uni Bielefeld - Uni Frankfurt BMBF Forschungsschwerpunkt - TU München ErUM-FSP T01 - Uni Regensburg - Uni Tübingen Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 3
ALICE schedule – the big picture Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 4
ALICE schedule – LS2 upgrades GEM TPC ITS 2 O2 à factor 50-100 increase in Pb-Pb factor 100-1000 in pp Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 5
ALICE schedule – LS3 upgrades 4 Rg 208 Pb reweighting GEM TPC ITS 2 O2 3 nNNPDF 1.0 EIC fit FOCAL fit Q2=10 GeV2 2 90% CL à factor 50-100 increase in Pb-Pb 1 factor 100-1000 in pp FoCal ITS 3 0 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 x à improved tracking precision and forward photon measurement Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 6
ALICE schedule – a new experiment: ALICE 3 4 Rg 208 Pb reweighting GEM TPC ITS 2 O2 3 nNNPDF 1.0 EIC fit FOCAL fit Q2=10 GeV2 2 90% CL à factor 50-100 increase in Pb-Pb 1 factor 100-1000 in pp FoCal ITS 3 0 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 x à improved tracking precision and à another factor 50-100 increase in Pb-Pb forward photon measurement ALICE 3 Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 7
ALICE LS2 upgrades for Run 3 and 4 Goal: Pb-Pb collisions at 50 kHz, continuous readout New Inner Tracking System - Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology - Improved resolution, less material, faster readout New TPC Readout System - ROCs with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology - New electronics (SAMPA), continuous readout Integrated Online-Offline System (O2) - Record MB Pb-Pb data at 50 kHz - EPN without trigger TRD Readout Upgrade and Repair - Record MB Pb-Pb data at 50 kHz New Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) Detector - Centrality, event plane Readout upgrade - TOF, MUON, ZDC, Calorimeters New Muon Forward Tracker (MFT) Run 3 and 4 physics programme: Z. Citron, et al., arXiv:1812.06772 - CMOS Pixels, MAPS technology ALICE high-energy pp programme: https://cds.cern.ch/record/2724925 - Vertex tracker at forward rapidity Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 8
TRD repair and R/O upgrade Before repair: • HV-stability issues during operation in Run1/2 due to bad HV capacitors After repair: • 9 (of 18) TRD supermodules de-installed and repaired at surface in 2019 • 80 of 83 repaired TRD chambers fully operational • Commissioning of new TRD readout scheme for 50 kHz in Run3/4 ongoing Uni Heidelberg (PL) Uni Münster Uni Frankfurt GSI Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 9
TPC Upgrade Uni Frankfurt (PL) OROC (18+18) Uni Heidelberg TU München Uni Bonn GSI Continuous readout at 50 kHz in Pb-Pb IROC (18+18) à 72 new Readout Chambers with GEMs à 3600 new Frontend Electronics Cards 5m Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 10
ROC and FEC installation March 2019 May 2019 October 2019 November 2019 March 2019 – March 2020: • TPC moved to surface cleanroom • old MWPC readout chambers replaced by new GEM detectors • new readout electronics mounted and tested • CERN COVID-19 shutdown March 10, 2020, 3 weeks before planned start of installation in cavern Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 11
TPC pre-commissioning Left to right: R. Münzer (Uni F), C. Garabatos (GSI), L. Bratrud (Uni F), Y. Chatzidaki (Uni HD), C. Lippmann (GSI) May 2020 – July 2020: • Full functionality confirmed in extended irradiation tests with cosmics, laser, X-rays Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 12
TPC reinstallation in the ALICE cavern (August 2020) Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 13
TPC reinstallation in the ALICE cavern (August 2020) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvhVYrp9hqQ Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 14
O2 Event Processing Nodes • EPN computing farm for synchronous event reconstruction at O(1TB/s) Uni Frankfurt (PL) • container-based computing center (CR0) • 250 servers with 64 CPU cores and 8 GPUs each EPN server (1/250) • 100 Gb/s InfiniBand Core Network à first servers at CERN end of 2020, full amount Q1 2021 CR0 EPN computing center at Point 2 Multi-core CPU GPU Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 15
The ALICE Collaboration Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 16
LS3 upgrade – Ultra-thin Inner Barrel for Run 4 40cm ITS 3 7 cm 14 3 cylindrical layers of ~7x14 cm2 CMOS MAPS, 20-40 μm • readout outside acceptance • no water cooling, minimal support structures • total radiation length: R < 4 cm: 1.3% (ITS2) ⟶ 0.3 % (ITS3) à R&D contributions from German groups in view of future applications Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 17
ALICE 3: A next-generation heavy-ion experiment at the LHC Concept A thin, light, fast, all-silicon tracking and PID detector • Multiply heavy-flavored hadrons: Ξcc, Ωcc, Ωccc • Χc1,2 states Input for EPPSU Process : arXiv:1902.01211 • X,Y,Z charmonium-like states (e.g. X(3872)) Included in Physics Briefing Book:a arXiv:1910.11775 thin, light, fast all-silicon tracking • &Light PID detector exotic nuclei with charmed baryons and high luminosity with smaller ions (Ar) multiple hyperons Tracking up to A=6 efficiency • Thermal EM radiation • Chiral symmetry restoration • Soft theorems B = 0.2 Tesla • Letter of Intent in preparation for end of 2021 • Possible operation starting in Run 5 • German teams aim for significant contributions: - R&D for ultra-thin CMOS MAPS Unique low material - forward budget soft-photon and low-pT co spectrometer • Thermal radiation Heavy-flavour and quarkoniaHarald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 • Chiral symmetry restoration: modification18 of !
Physics output • 311 papers on arXiv • 36 in 2020 Run1 Run2 http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/submitted Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 19
Physics highlights: strong interaction among hadrons p−p, p−Λ, and Λ−Λ correlations studied via femtoscopy in pp reactions at √s=7 TeV ALICE coll., PRC 99, 024001 (2019) Study of the L-L interaction with femtoscopy correlations in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC ALICE coll., PLB 797 (2019) 134822 First observation of an attractive interaction between a proton and a cascade baryon ALICE coll., PRL 123 (2019), 112002 • Strong interaction between hadrons accessible via momentum correlations in the Scattering studies with low-energy kaon- proton femtoscopy in proton-proton final state collisions at the LHC ALICE coll., PRL 124 (2020) 09230 • LHC is a factory for unstable hadrons Investigation of the p-S0 interactions via • ALICE has excellent reconstruction and PID capabilities at low pT femtoscopy in pp collisions ALICE coll., PLB 805 (2020) 35419 à New experimental program developed for precision measurements of hadronic Search for a common baryon source in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC interactions ALICE coll., PLB 811 (2020) 135849 à Special focus on hyperons Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 20
Physics highlights: strong interaction among hadrons • Latest results: precise measurement of strong interaction between p-X- and p-W- • direct comparison to lattice QCD • important for neutron star EoS • Perspectives for Run 3: • X-L, X-S • d-L, p-S, W-W • charm sector • Y-N-N interactions Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 21
Physics highlights: hypertriton lifetime Hypertriton and Anti-Hypertriton measurement in Pb-Pb collisions at !! = 5.02 TeV via two-body decay ALICE Coll., PLB 797 (2019) 134905 Theoretical predictions PRC 57 (1998) 1595 Nuo. Cim. 46 (1966) 786 J.Phys. G18 (1992) 339-357 PLB 791 (2019) 48-53 PR 136 (1964) B1803 • Related to Y-N (and Y-N-N) forces PRL 20 (1968) 819 • Weakly bound ( !" ≈ 130 keV) PR 180 (1969) 1307 à expect value close to free-L lifetime NPB 16 (1970) 46 PRD 1 (1970) 66 • Previous experiments report significantly smaller values NPB 67 (1973) 269 à Hypertriton lifetime puzzle Science 328 (2010) 58 • ALICE result is consistent with world average and free-L NPA 913 (2013) 170 lifetime PLB 754 (2016) 360 • New ALICE preliminary result from 2018 Pb-Pb data moves L lifetime - PDG value PRC 97 (2018) 054909 closer to free-L lifetime PLB 797 (2019) 134905 World average ALICE Preliminary Pb-Pb 5.02 TeV à Run 3 and 4: lifetime with 1% accuracy, branching ratio 0 100 200 300 400 500 3 ALI−PREL−333625 LH lifetime (ps) Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 22
Physics highlights: light- and hypernuclei production π++π- K++K - 0 K*+K* p+p - - Ξ +Ξ+ Ω +Ω+ 3 3 Λ H+ Λ H 3 3 4 (Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV KS φ Λ d He H He 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ALICE Coll., EPJ C80 (2020) 889 104 dN /dy 103 ALICE Preliminary, Pb-Pb s NN = 5.02 TeV, 0-10% 10 10−1 Not in fit BR = 25% 10−3 3 Model T (MeV) V (fm ) χ2/NDF THERMUS 4 152 ± 2 7832 ± 484 58.8/11 10−5 GSI-Heidelberg 153 ± 2 7260 ± 410 41.6/11 SHARE 3 153 ± 3 5211 ± 703 51.7/11 10−7 (mod.-data)/σdata (mod.-data)/mod. 0.5 0 −0.5 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 0 −2 −4 1 2 ALI−PREL−332406 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 • Hadron yields, also weakly bound nuclei, well • Phase-space proximity and local conservation laws described by statistical hadronization models matter • Production mechanism for nuclei unclear • Coalescence and canonical statistical hadronization models indicate similar system-size dependence for • Final-state coalescence of nucleons may occur deuteron production Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 23
Physics highlights: light- and hypernuclei production (Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV ALICE Coll., EPJ C80 (2020) 889 ALICE simulation ! ! " # ! = Λ⁄ • Hypertritons are extended objects: • Phase-space proximity and local conservation laws ≈ 10.6 fm matter • Expect large sensitivity to production mechanism in • Coalescence and canonical statistical hadronization small systems (pp) models indicate similar system-size dependence for deuteron production Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 24
Physics highlights: light- and hypernuclei production ALICE simulation ! ! " # ! = Λ⁄ ALICE pp = 13 TeV TRD nuclei trigger enhancement factor • Hypertritons are extended objects: • TRD nuclei trigger based on high dE/dx signal in ≈ 10.6 fm pp collisions from 2017 and 2018 • Expect large sensitivity to production mechanism in small systems (pp) Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 25
Physics highlights: light- and hypernuclei production 30 Counts / (1.8 MeV/c 2) ALICE Performance Data 25 3 ALICE simulation ΛH →3He + π- ! Fit ! " # pp s = 13 TeV 20 ! = LTRD int = 2.0 pb -1 Λ⁄ 15 LV0mult = 7.7 pb-1 int 10 LSPDmult int = 0.9 pb-1 5 0 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3 3 M ( He, π-) + M ( He, π+) (GeV/ c 2) • Hypertritons are extended objects: ALI−PERF−328598 • First observation of hypertriton production in pp ≈ 10.6 fm • S3 measurement with ~30% uncertainty in reach • Expect large sensitivity to production mechanism in • Run 3 and 4: - precision measurements of , in pp, Pb-Pb small systems (pp) - , , ( , ... Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 26
σinel(p) ±2σ σinel(p) ±2σ 1 1 Physics highlights: anti-nuclei absorption 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 p (GeV/ c ) Measurement of the low-energy antideuteron inelastic cross section ALICE Coll., PRL 125 (2020) 162001 6 6 σinel(d) (b) σinel(d) (b) ALICE (c) ALICE 5 5 p−Pb s NN = 5.02 TeV p−Pb s NN = 5.02 TeV 〈 Z 〉 = 8.5, 〈 A 〉 = 17.4, |η| < 0.8 〈 Z 〉 = 14.8, 〈 A 〉 = 31.8, | 4 4 ̅ ! σinel(d) Geant4 σinel(d) Geant 3 Data (ITS+TPC) 3 Data (ITS+TP σinel(d) ±1σ σinel(d) ±1σ σinel(d) ±2σ σinel(d) ±2σ 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 p (GeV/ c ) • Figurecross anti-nuclei absorption 3: Inelastic sectionsinteraction cross section are important for antiprotons for indirect cosmicand darkantideuterons on an average ma matter searches • of the ALICE so far no measurements detector available as a 10 below function GeV/cof the momentum p at which the interaction occurs. The t • novel approach totheuse results thefor antiprotons, ALICE detectorthematerial bottom row asfor antideuterons and the results from the ITS+TPC (IT absorber analysis are shown on the left (right). Dashed lines represent the G EANT 4 parameterizations, and f the experimentalHarald data.Appelshäuser Green and orange - ALICE bands Status Report correspond - KHuK 2020 to ±1 and ±2s constraints from the raw 27 p
ALICE classics ds /dmee (mb / GeV/c 2) v2 0.3 ALICE Pb−Pb s NN = 5.02 TeV ALICE 30−50% π±, |y | < 0.5 102 Prompt D, |y | < 0.8 pp s = 13 TeV, B = 0.2 T Inclusive J/ψ, 2.5 < y < 4 0.2 Inclusive J/ψ, |y | < 0.9 0.075 < p < 10 GeV/c T,e b → e, |y | < 0.8 ϒ (1S) 5−60%, 2.5 < y < 4 10 |he| < 0.8, p < 0.4 GeV/c T,ee charm fragmentation 0.1 charmed baryon production 1 0 charm and beauty flow soft dilepton excess in pp 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 10-1 p (GeV/c ) T 20 2 10-2 R1 INEL>0 R AA ALICE, Pb-Pb sNN = 2.76 TeV ALICE pp s = 13 TeV 18 J/y suppression Inclusive J/y, |y |
Summary • ALICE put forward a very ambitious upgrade program for LHC Run3 and 4 • Despite COVID-19 crisis, all projects are well on track for start of Run3 in 2022 • ALICE continues to produce high-quality physics results • Studies and R&D towards an LoI (2021) for ALICE 3 have started BMBF Forschungsschwerpunkt ErUM-FSP T01 Harald Appelshäuser - ALICE Status Report - KHuK 2020 29
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