Long-term scientific program of RIB research at JINR. Requests for heavy-ion Linac - CERN Indico
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Leonid Grigorenko
Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear
Reactions, JINR, Dubna
Long-term scientific program of RIB research at JINR.
Requests for heavy-ion Linac
http://aculina.jinr.ru/
derica.php
ICNFP 2019 — 8th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics,
Workshop on Physics of Exotic Nuclei, 22-23 August 2019, Kolymbary, Grece
GENERIC PART - RIB physics - RIB physics at JINR - Some thoughts about future - Storage ring physics with RIB - DERICA
Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics
The map of nuclides “Isle of stability” for
superheavies:
- 254 stable nuclides, We just “touched” a
- 339 can be found in nature bit of its “shore”…
- Around 3100 RI are known
- Around 2500 to be discovered
Proton dripline: Limits of nuclear
Achieved and structure existence:
studied for Z
Motivation – Applications to nucleosynthesys
s-process rp-process fragment
rp-process
r-process
Hydrostatic burning – slow process
Explosive burning – rapid processes
Where does it take place?
Every day observed violent events in space are produced by rp-processes
Element abundance in space is connected with r-processes
No quantitative understanding until the driplines are studied in details
Motivation – Applications All the heavy elements in the
to neutron stars Universe are produced in explosive
nucleosynthesys
PV = (m/m) RT
Supernovae explosions. How we get
Equation of state for ideal gas. from neutron star to Supernova?
What about nuclear matter?
Neutron star: very large nucleus with
Known nuclei: practically symmetric absolutely asymmetric nuclear matter
nuclear matter
Moving towards the driplines we get experimental knowledge about
more and more asymmetric nuclear matter
What we already have at Flerov lab
U-400 accelerator
Elements 102 - 108 and 114 - 118
were synthesized at FLNR JINR
Superheavy “isle of stability”
discovered
New elements
114Fl Flerovium
116Lv Livermorium
113Nh Nihonium
115Mc Moscovium
117Ts Tennessine
118Og Oganesson
recognized recently
Fragment-separator ACCULINNA:
Studies of the light RIBs
U-400М accelerator
The only facility for RIB studies in
Russia, CIS, and Easten Europe
Flerov Lab: “Superlights” – fragment separator ACCULINNA
U-400M :
6Li @ 47 AMeV
I ~ 3×107 1/s
1H(6Li,6Be)n BS ~ 5 mm
C degrader
11B@ E(6Li)=33 A MeV
I ~ 2×104 1/s
34 AMeV BS ~ 15 mm
no wedge P ~ 90 %
Be 1.8 mm Dp/p=0.4
%
Be 1.0 mm 3H(8He,p)10He G.M. Ter-Akopian, A.M. Rodin,
Dp/p=3.6% A.S. Fomichev, 1996-Now
E(8He)=22 A MeV
Flerov Lab: Superlights – fragment separator ACCULINNA
A.A.Korsheninnikov, PRL 82 (1999) 3581.
U-400M :
A.A.Korsheninnikov, PRL 87 (2001) 092501.
6Li Historically:
@ 47 AMeV injection line for S.V. Stepantsov et al., PLB 542 (2002) 35.
K4-K10 facility M.S. Golovkov et al., PLB 566I ~(2003)
3×107 1/s70.
1H(6Li,6Be)n G.V. Rogachev et al. PRC 67 (2003)
BS ~ 5 041603(R).
mm
C degrader
11B @ E(6Li)=33 A MeV
M.S. Golovkov et al., PRL 93 (2004) 262501.
I ~ 2×104 1/s
34 AMeV M.S. Golovkov et al., PLB 588 (2004) 163.
BS ~ 15 mm
Transfer, charge-exchange no wedge M.S. Golovkov et al., PRC 76 (2007) 021605(R).
P ~ 90 %
Be 1.8 mm Dp/p=0.4 M.S. Golovkov et al., PLB 672 (2009) 22.
and QFS reaction studies%of
4,5H, 5,6,8,9,10He, 9Li, L.V. Grigorenko et. al., PLB 677 (2009) 30.
6Be, 17Ne, 26,27S S.I. Sidorchuk et al., PRL 108 (2012) 202502.
3H(8He,p)10He
Be 1.0 mm A.S. Fomichev et al., G.M.
PLB Ter-Akopian, A.M. Rodin,
708 (2012) 6.
A.S. Fomichev, 1996-Now
Dp/p=3.6% E( He)=22 A I.A.
8 MeV Egorova et al., PRL 109 (2012) 202502.
P. G. Sharov et al., PRC 96 (2017) 025807.
V. Chudoba et al., PRC 98 (2018) 054612.
Mid-range planning prospects
Near future
“Factory of superheavy
elements”
Stage: commissioning
Facility based on
upgraded U-400M + ACCULINNA-2
Stage: first full scale experiments
Near future in fall 2018/spring 2019,
repair/upgrade U-400M starts in
summer 2020
New facilities at FLNR ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator “Factory of superheavy elements”
Long-range planning prospects
Near future
“Factory of superheavy
elements”
Stage: commissioning
???
Long-time prospects
Facility based on
upgraded U-400M + ACCULINNA-2
Stage: first full scale experiments
Near future in fall 2018/spring 2019,
repair/upgrade U-400M starts in
summer 2020RIB factories: Big, bigger, the biggest…
SPIRAL2
France
FRIB USA
FAIR,
Germany
RIBF JapanHowever,
even bigger…
HIAF China
(see, FAIR)
Horizontal size of the
slide ~1 km
RAON
Korea
(see. FRIB)What is the need to significant increase
of energy in low-energy nuclear physics?
High energies are For the in-flight method of RIB
requested to increase generation fragment separators works
efficiency or RIB better at higher energies (as any ion-
production optical system)
1010 layers E.g. the optimal energy of U and the
~ 1m delivered nuclides of around ~ 1.5 GeV
Is needed not to get stuck in the
production target
105
fm
Example U beam on the carbon
H r ~ 0.8 fm production target. For SuperFRS
O r ~ 3 fm
production is optimized at ~ 15 sm with
U r ~ 7.5 fm
beam ~ 50% of beam utilization
105 fmHuge increase in the scale of Scale increase – (i) RIB
modern and prospective RIB production increase via primary
facilities: beam energy increase and (ii)
Starting price tag 1-2 G€ universality of RIB facility
Is it possible to have world
competitive RIB program with
modest investment scale?
To limit universality
To go to “underdeveloped” fieldsEmpty “ecological niche”
Underdeveloped field: Empty field: studies of RIBs
storage ring physics with RIBs in electron-RIB collider
Studies of
RIB storage ring electromagnetic
Isochronous mass
spectromentry formfactors of
exotic nuclei in
e-RIB collider
Precision reaction
electron
studies on internal
gas jet target
storage ring
Atomic physics Etc….
studies with Radioactivity
striped ions studies with
striped ionsElectron scattering Robert Hofstadter 1915-1990,
1961 Nobel Prize "for his
pioneering studies of electron
After masses, the radial properties scattering in atomic nuclei and
are the most important for his consequent discoveries
characteristics of nuclei concerning the structure of
nucleons.."
First Born approximation, fast electrons,
relatively light nuclei Electromagnetic probe is
электроны, достаточно легкие ядра the most reliably studied
- Electron scattering
Charge formfactor, charge radius
- Experiments in traps – “static” EM - Electron scattering –
characteristics -> derivation of rch differenttial characteristicsStatus of charge radii studies – broad field for exploration
900 measured Some isotopic Somewhere Systematics demonstrate
for 3100 known chains are well driplines is nearly complicated dynamical
nuclear-stable studied – some not achieved – effects in the isotopic chains,
isotopes at all somewhere very far especially near the driplines
4.0 Co
Cu Zn 5.0 Eu Am Pu
V Mn Ni Fe Nd Pr
Cr Ce U Cm
Sc Ti Ba La 5.8
3.5 Cl Ca 4.8 Cs Te Th
Ar I
Al S Xe Sn
P Na Sb In
Mg 5.6 Ra Bi
3.0 4.6 Rn
F Ne Mo Po Pb
R, fm
Be O Rh Hg
N Sr Re
C Os
2.5 4.4 Ru 5.4 Ta
B Kr Hf
Li Zr Yb
Tm
2.0 4.2 Br 5.2 Lu
He Se
As Eu
Ge
1.5 4.0 Ga
Zn Ce
5.0 Ba
Cs Pr
Cu
Xe
1.0 3.8
0 10 20 30 40 60 80 80 100 120 140 160
N N NDERICA –
Dubna Electron-Radioactive
Isotope Collider fAcility
Project emphasis Basic facility
Reaccelarated RIBs, storage ring High-current superconducting HI
physics including e-RIB collider cw-LINAC-100Possible DERICA location
Some free place
Considerable
possibilities for
upgradeDERICA stage 2 New scientific opportunities
emerging on each stage
LINAC-100 - focus on LINAC-100 design aim
intensity of primary beam Ca – 3 emA U – 1 emA
Direct reactions with RIBs at
Aim to get record intensitis
intermediate energies (30-
of 30-80 AMeV RIBs
80 AMeV)Primary beams at modern and prospective RIB factories
RIBF (RIKEN) 370 AMeV
FAIR (Darmstadt) 1800 AMeV No way to compete
FRIB (MSU) 240 AMeV in primary beam
RAON (S.Korea) 200 AMeV enegies
HIAF (China) 800 AMeV
DERICA strategy for RIB production
Focus efforts on HIGH Advantages of relatively low-
INTENSITY of primary energy RIBs:
- Easier to study direct reactions
beams with relatively at 20-70 AMeV
MODEST ENERGIES - Easier to work with stopped
~100-160 AMeV beams
The first challenge of the project – to construct record
high-current heavy-ion superconducting cw-LINACDERICA stage 3.1 New scientific opportunities
emerging on each stage
Reactions with
post-accelerated
Low-energy storage ring RIBs near
Coulomb barrier
(5-7 AMeV) or at
intermediate
energies (20-30
AMeV)
Stopped RIBs –
decay, spectroscopy,
physics in trapsDERICA stage 3.2 New scientific opportunities
emerging on each stage
Syncrotron up to 300-500
AMeV
Direct reactions with
post-accelerated RIBs
up to 300-500 AMeVDERICA stage 4.1 New scientific opportunities
emerging on each stage
Experiments at high-
energy storage ringDERICA stage 4.2 New scientific opportunities
emerging on each stage
e-RIB collider
experimentsAdvantages of the proposed facility
Unusual facility layout
Ordinary approach 1: Ordinary approach 2:
ISOL RIB production -> In-flight RIB production ->
problem to reaccelerate RIBs Problem to stop/cool RIBs
DERICA approach:
In-flight RIB production + RIB “cooling” in gas
cell + reaccelerated RIBs up to 500 AMeV
Staged development Unique opportunities
- Continuity and flexibility of - World most intense RIBs for direct
the research program reaction studies at intermediate
- Low technological risks (20-70 AMeV) energies
- Highly upgradable facility - Reaccelerated RIBs up to 500 AMeV
design - e-RIB collider experimentLoI: Russian physical review journal Physics-Uspekhi (2019)
http://aculina.jinr.ru/derica.php
April 26, 2018. The is project is submitted to
Russian Ministry of Education and Science on In September 2018 evaluation by
the call for «Proposals to build “megascience”- Russian Academy of Sciences
class facilities on the territory of Russian positioned DERICA in the top of
Federation» as joint JINR-BINP venture the proposals list.SPECIFIC PART - February: LINAC-100 meeting at Dubna - April: JINR directorate allocate funds for 2019 - June: JINR PAC approve new research topic and funds allocation for 2020-2021 - What is expected to be done within 2019-2022 - What are the main tasks of this workshop
LINAC-100 workshop February 7-8, JINR
Declaration of most urgent task
To start development of the “front end” for
LINAC-100 immediately
Workshop consequence: support by
JINR directorate for 2019
- Resources allocated: 600 k$JINR PAC, June 24-25
New research project at JINR for 2020-2021
- Resources allocated 2020: 1400 k$ - 2021: 1450 k$
Expected output by the end 2021
- TDR + prototypes for LINAC-100
- CDR for DERICALINAC-100 working plans
LINAC-100 concept
– Front-end: 1 (universal A/Z~3-8) or 2 (A/Z~3 + A/Z~6-8)
– Ratio of warm/cryogenic parts to be decided
– “Acceleration tactics” – A/Z, strippers, etc. MEPhI + ITEPh + GSI
Prospective ECR ion source 28 GHz
– Design FLNR – Magnet system NIIFA – RF system IAP Nizniy Novgorod
Prototyping front-end for LINAC-100
– Test ECR на for current ~ 3-5 mА FLNR + NIIFA
– Up to 3 sections of RFQ VNIITPh
– Test assembly ECR + LEBT + RFQ FLNR + ITEPh + NRI Troitsk
By the end 2021: TDR for LINAC-100, front-end prototype,
prototype parts for ECR-28Budget of
LINAC-100
project
for 2019-2020
2020
1400 k$
2021
1450 k$Situation:
Works on LINAC-100 have started
If: the preliminary R&D are successful by 2022
Then: Very probable that decision to build
LINAC-100 within 2023-2030 is positive
LINAC-100 is useless without DFS
If: we work on LINAC-100
Then: we should work on DFS simultaneously
LINAC-100 + DFS form prerequisites for DERICA
If: we are not idiots
Then: upgrade to DERICA format should be fully
planned before LINAC-100 construction is startedChallenge of DFS – DERICA Fragment separator
DERICA, DFS FAIR, SuperFRS
- Ca beam ~3 emA ~250 pmA 1500 kW beam U beam ~1500 AMeV
- U beam ~1 emA ~30 pmA 600 kW beam planed: ~1 pmA
achieved: ~200 pnA
It is expected that by the end of 2021 CDRs for production target,
radiation shielding and DFS are readyChallenge of the “ring branch” design
Low-energy storage ring
– Energies 3-30 AMeV – Shape – probably hexagon (???)
Fast Ramping Ring sinchrotron FRR
– Injection 30 AMeV, extraction 100-500 AMeV, 1-6 Hz (???)
High-energy storage ring
– Energies 100-500 AMeV (???) – – Shape – probably square (???)
e-RIB collider facility
– е-LINAC – electron storage ring, around 500 MeV
– Collision point design (???) – Electron spectrometer (???)
It is expected that by the end of 2021 CDRs of the major
components of the ring branch are prepared by the Budker
institute, NovosibirskMain objective of the
workshop
For the next 2.5 years - to define
the major guidelines for evolutionFrom DERICA concept
To LINAC-100 and DERICA CDRs
Outlook Development of the large-scale accelerator and
storage ring RIB facility based at FLNR JINR is
proposed. The project is focused on the storage-
ring studies of RIBs. World unique feature of the
project is proposed studies of the electromagnetic
formfactors of RI electron-RIB collider experiment.
– Important expertize in RF
– Comparatively cheap (~ 300 M€)
but
but
– Never build without
– World unique research opportunities
world expertize involved
– Relatively small weight – Long list of challenges for Russian
of concrete shielding scientific and engineering community
but but
– Relatively large weight of – Seem to be no crucial technological
hi-tech devices bottlenecksLINAC-100 + DFS
A realistic option to replace aging U-400M
cyclotron and give bright future to existing
RIB program at FLNR (aim – at least factor
100 in beam intensities)
DERICA
In certain sense it is not a project with well
defined end point, but a strategy for the
low-energy nuclear physics development in
JINR and member states for 15-30 yearsRESERVE
e-РИ коллайдеры: эволюция RIKEN
RI-Ring: изохронная масс-
спектрометрия для очень редких
- e-РИ коллайдер MUSES событий
Планировалось
SCRIT: отдельная маленькая ISOL
машинка e-РИ столкновений в
ловушке Построилосьe-РИ коллайдеры: эволюция FAIR.
Planned
FAIR “Ring Branch”:
- Накопительное кольцо CR
- Экспериментальное NESR
NESR@FAIR:
- e-РИ коллайдер ELISE
- внутренняя газовая мишень
EXL
Decision
postponed to 2027 (?)
Низкоэнергетическая программа:
переезд CRYRING из Швеции
Возможность включить ESR в FAIR:
Пучковая линия от SuperFRS ???
L ~ 200 m !!!Накопительные кольца. Китай Работает
HIRFL-CSR@Lanzhou
- Слабый ускоритель-“драйвер”
- Ограниченные возможности
для модернизации драйвера
HIAF:
Строится - 2 накопительных кольца
- 1-е – основная функция
спектрометр
- 2-е – специфическое для
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