Vacunas COVID 19 Margarita del Val - 8 Febrero 2021 - Revisiones en Cáncer 2021
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8 Febrero 2021
Vacunas COVID‐19
Margarita del Val
The immune system: A different look at the virus
Infection of a
cell by a virus
Non cytopathic: the virus replicates
without damaging the cell
Release to extracellular medium
Very cytopathic: virus
replication and cell death
Infected cells
The immune system: A different look at the virus
Infection of a
cell by a virus
Non cytopathic: the virus replicates
without damaging the cell
Release to extracellular medium
Immune response
ANTIBODIES
Very cytopathic: virus
replication and cell death
Infected cells CELLULAR IMMUNITY
Adaptive immune response to a virus: humoral and celular immunity
Humoral immunity:
neutralizing
antibodies to soluble
particles
Cellular immunity:
cytotoxic T
lymphocytes destroy
infected cells: virus
factories
Cellular immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus
Many epitopes recognized by each person
Infection activates a fully new SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific repertoire of T lymphocytes
Moderbacher et al, Crotty, Cell, Sept 2020
Full Analysis of Immune response in Severe vs. Mild Disease
Effect of Age
Crotty, Science, Jan 2021
Moderna vaccine elicits neutralizing antibodies –
Still as protective as
natural infection?
Duration?
The second
dose is needed
for ~50‐fold
boost
95 % efficacy 95 % efficacy
62‐90 % effective, Lancet
92 % effective, Lancet
72 % effectiveLittle information
80 % effective
90 % effectiveVacunas en desarrollo, España
1. Vacunas de virus atenuado.
SARS-COV-2 atenuado y replicones como pseudopartículas virales, VLPs, Luis Enjuanes / Isabel Solá, CNB, CSIC,
Madrid
2. Vacunas de virus recombinantes
2.1. Dos vectores MVA, combinado con DNA, M. Esteban / García Arriaza, CNB, CSIC, Madrid
La más completa
2.2. Rafael Blasco, distinto vector MVA, INIA, Madrid
3. Vacunas de ácidos nucleicos
3.1. Vacunas DNA, Vicente Larraga, CIB, CSIC, Madrid Estable t. amb. Segura en VIH+
3.2. 1. Vacuna RNA asociada a vector peptídico, Javier Montenegro, CiQUS, Santiago
3.2.2. Vacunas RNA encapsulado. Epítopos encadenados. Proyecto multicéntrico de Felipe García (Clínic y otros centros
de Barcelona, Bruselas, Santiago, Madrid)
4. Vacunas con antígenos proteicos
Subunidades proteicas integradas en Nanovesículas (VLP, como partículas víricas), José Martínez Costas, CiQUS,
Santiago
5. Estimulación respuesta innata entrenada
5.1. Vacuna experimental antituberculosa MTBVAC, Carlos Martín, Genética de Micobacterias de la Universidad de
Zaragoza, y la empresa Biofabri del grupo ZENDAL (Porriño)
5.2. Paramixovirus Sendai como inductor de respuesta innata, Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/Gobierno de Navarra) y
Universidad San Pablo CEU (Farmacia, Microbiología)Natural infection constitutes a ‘first dose’ to our immune system (but pose a risk of death).
Vaccines also do so, and train immune memory as effectively (or even better), with very low risk
A vaccine SAFE and EFFICIENT
is a medicine
with components of a microorganism
that estimulate the immune system memory
effectively combating infectious diseases
work preventively, rarely as treatmentLas vacunas Mas vale prevenir
son seguras que curar
Efectos adversos:
primeras 6 semanas
tras 2 dosis
en cada vacunado
Resultados
de seguridad
Resultados
de seguridad
Vacunas típicas
años…Resultados
Las vacunas de seguridad Mas vale prevenir
Efectos adversos
son seguras muy poco frecuentes, que curar
por ej 1 en 100.000
Esto sabemos POR AHORA de las
vacunas de Pfizer y Moderna:
¡son seguras!
y quizás sabremos más adelante
Resultados
de seguridad Efectos adversos:
primeras 6 semanas
tras 2 dosis
en cada vacunado
Vacunas Resultados
pandemia de seguridad
Resultados
de seguridad
Vacunas típicas
meses años…Natural infection constitutes a ‘first dose’ to our immune system (but pose a risk of death).
Vaccines also do so, and train immune memory as effectively (or even better), with very low risk
A vaccine SAFE and EFFICIENT
is a medicine
with components of a microorganism
that estimulate the immune system memory
effectively combating infectious diseases
work preventively, rarely as treatment
They prevent
‐ Asymptomatic infection
Vaccines that control the pandemic: ‐ Mild symptoms
Vaccines anti covid‐19: protect
‐ Severe symptoms
Prevent contagions and protect non ‐ deaths from disease
vaccinated people ‐ transmission
(herd immunity)Natural infection constitutes a ‘first dose’ to our immune system (but pose a risk of death).
Vaccines also do so, and train immune memory as effectively (or even better), with very low risk
A vaccine SAFE and EFFICIENT
is a medicine
with components of a microorganism
that estimulate the immune system memory
effectively combating infectious diseases
work preventively, rarely as treatment
So far, this is what we know from Pfizer
and Moderna vaccines: which are SAFE!
They prevent
more to come soon…
‐ Asymptomatic infection
Vaccines that control the pandemic: ‐ Mild symptoms
Vaccines anti covid‐19: protect
‐ Severe symptoms
Prevent contagions and protect non ‐ deaths from disease
vaccinated people ‐ transmission
(herd immunity)Herd immunity: different levels for different pathogens
dictated by their transmissibility
Can we have it for
SARS‐CoV‐2??8 Febrero 2021
In the battle between SARS‐CoV‐2 and our immune system,
the balance is on our side!
What we still need to know after market authorization of ALL different vaccines
‐ Safety, safety, safety
‐ Duration of clinically‐relevant immunity: more boost doses?
‐ Prevention of virus transmission from (eventually infected) vaccinees
to their non‐vaccinated contacts? (is herd immunity posible with any vaccine?)
‐ Humoral and cellular immunity correlates of protection:
define thresholds for protection
‐ Safety and efficacy in different populations:
ethnicities, pregnancy, immunocompromised,…Gracias 8 – 12 febrero
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