Australia's Version 2 ASTER mineral maps unmixed of the effects of green and dry vegetation - Tom Cudahy - Geological Remote ...
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http://www.uncoverminerals.org.au/
Australia’s Version 2 ASTER mineral maps unmixed
of the effects of green and dry vegetation
Tom Cudahy
Chief Scientist, CSIRO, Mineral Resources
Director, C3DMM Pty. Ltd., Perth WA, AUSTRALIA
MINERAL RESOURCES FLAGSHIP
Coverage
• Geoscientists empowered by seamless 3D mineralogy
• Validation of Australian ASTER geoscience maps using the National
Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA)
• ASTER Version 2 maps of Australia – unmixing green and dry
vegetation
• Stage 1 - Queensland public release January 2017
• An integrated (drill core, field, airborne and spaceborne spectral
data) 3D mineral mapping world @ ASTER spectral-resolution
• Some challenges facing our mineral mapping technologies for the
resources sector.
• Public release of The Spectral Geologist (TSG) software suite
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
30 year CSIRO vision
Empower the resources industry with accurate,
global, scalable 3D mineralogy to better
characterise cover and detect alteration
footprints to mineralisation
Surface mineralogy
from remote sensing
and field data
3D geology modelled
using seamless
mineralogy Subsurface
mineralogy from
drill core data
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
Australian ASTER Version 1 (V1)
Geoscience maps
• Global team effort
• Released at the 34th IGC, August 2012
• 3500 scenes for Australian mosaic
• 17 GIS-compatible maps (geoTIFs)
• Free and web-accessible
• http://portal.geoscience.gov.au/gmap.html
• Thousands of scenes uploaded by users
• New mineral discoveries
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
Australian Mining Journal Award
2012 Explorer of the Year – C3DMM
MM
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
ACIL Tasman report on “THE VALUE OF EARTH OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE TO AUSTRALIA” 12/2015 “According to industry representatives consulted for this project, the ASTER Map has become the default base map for exploration. It is an important tool to assist with target generation by exploration geologists and has become one of the layers of information on which they depend”. GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
Independent validation of spectral-mineral products
National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA)
– Geoscience Australia + State and Territory Geological
Surveys http://www.ga.gov.au/energy/projects/national-geochemical-
survey.html
– Transported regolith samples at the outlet of large
catchments
– 1390 catchments covering 91 per cent of Australia
– Two sample depths: 0-10 & 60-80 cm
– 60 elements + particle size + pH + LOI
– ASD, FTIR (DHR)
% %
N=169 samples LOI sand clay
K 0.03 0.05 0.01
Th 0.05 0.12 0.05
U 0.12 0.11 0.02
ASTER Al-clay composition 0.40 0.35 0.32
ASTER Silica Index
th 0.34
QEC Brisbane 18 February 2015| Towards 0.73
National 3D 0.60|Tom Cudahy
Mineral Mapping
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep23702 GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
ASTER ferric oxide composition
not hematite hematite
NGSA field ASD
0.93-1.3 Convolved ASTER
1.3-1.45 response B2/B1
1.45-1.6
1.6-1.75
1.75-1.9
1.9-2.25
2.2-3.1
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
ASTER ferric oxide composition
not hematite hematte
http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016ASTER AlOH Group composition
mantle plume?
http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016ASTER AlOH Group content V1
Mt Carbine
Cudahy et al., 2016, (NSR)
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine - ASTER V1 AlOH group composition
alunite
http://portal.geoscience.gov.au/gmap.html
http://www.ga.gov.au/energy/projects/national-geochemical-survey.html
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016USGS Library @ full spectral resolution
1
2270 nm
0.9
2080 nm 2330 nm
0.8
0.7
0.6
reflectance
0.5
0.4
0.3 Cellulose
0.2 Lignin
Peppermint
0.1
Sycamore
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
wavelength (microns)
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Airborne hyperspectral vegetation unmxing
airborne hyperspectral clay content
field spectra before vege unmix after vege unmix
23 25 24 26
Cudahy | 34IGC | Towards global 3D mineralogy | 10th August 2012 Rodger and Cudahy (2009)
unmixing mineral contents in 65% vege cover
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016USGS Library @ ASTER spectral resolution
1.00
Band 3
0.90 Band 6
Band 5 Band 7
0.80 Band 2
0.70
0.60
reflectance
0.50
0.40
0.30 Cellulose
Lignin
0.20
Peppermint
0.10 Sycamore
0.00
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
wavelength (microns)
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Estimation of dry vegetation @ASTER spectral resolution
HyMap HS 2080 nm HyMap @ASTER
continuum-depth dry vege index
ASTER dry vege index
100% green vege
100% dry vege
0% green + dry vege
ASTER dry vege index
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Estimation of dry vegetation @ASTER spectral resolution HyMap HS 2080 nm HyMap @ASTER HyMap HS 2080 nm HyMap @ASTER continuum-depth dry vege index continuum-depth dry vege index GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
Mt Carbine area
False colour
fires scars
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
ASTER
AlOH Group content
• no masks applied
• no vegetation unmixing
low content high content
granites,
fire scars?
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
Published 100K geology
(Queensland Geological Survey)
Permian biotite-muscovite granite
Devonian sandstone/mudstone
10km
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
ASTER
green vegetation index
low content high content
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
ASTER
dry vegetation index
low content high content
10 km
dry vegetation index
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
ASTER
AlOH Group content
• no masks applied
• vegetation unmixing
low content high content
1-2 km wide aureole
low in “clay” mineral
content (dioctahedral
silicates like
muscovite, kaolinite)
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
ASTER
AlOH Group content
• no masks applied
• no vegetation unmixing
low content high content
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
AlOH Group composition
• no masks applied
• no vegetation unmixing
Al-rich muscovite Al-poor muscovite,
paragonite phengite
kaolin Illite, montmorillonite
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Carbine area
AlOH Group composition
• no masks applied
• vegetation unmixing
Al-rich muscovite Al-poor muscovite,
paragonite phengite
kaolin Illite, montmorillonite
10 km
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016NGSA validation of ASTER AlOH Composition
Version 1 Version 2
NO vege UNMIX WITH vege UNMIX
No final mask applied No final mask applied
muscovite-
kaolin phengite
Mt Carbine area Illite,
montmorillonite
NGSA sample points
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016NGSA validation of ASTER AlOH composition
n = 112
V2
V1
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Australian mosaic - AlOH content – before unmix
no masking
NGSA validation
R2 < 0.1
e.g. Al-Clays: phengite, muscovite, paragonite,
lepidolite, illite, brammalite, montmorillonite,
low high kaolinite, dickite, beidellite
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Australian mosaic - AlOH content – after unmix
masking top 5% GV
NGSA validation
R2 > 0.1
e.g. Al-Clays: phengite, muscovite, paragonite,
lepidolite, illite, brammalite, montmorillonite,
low high kaolinite, dickite, beidellite
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016false colour GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
AlOH group content – before vege unmixing GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
AlOH group content – after vege unmixing GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
ASTER V1 Silica Index Sandy deserts
Cudahy et al., 2016 NSR
not quartz quartz
sand sand
NGSA Field Validation data
Si (g/kg) % sand
3.5-286 5.2-35.9
286-369 35.9-59.2
369-414 59.2-76.5
414-428 76.5-88.0 limit of
428-440 88.0-93.6 arid zone
440-452 93.6-97.7
452-462 97.7-100.0ASTER V2 Silica Index
not quartz quartz
sand sand
Mt Turner
Mt Carlton
Olympic Dam
Presentation
GRSG 2017 | London | title
7-9th|December
Presenter2016
nameMt Carlton, ASTER Version 1 AlOH composition
http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer
Evolution Mining
38 | Presentation title | Presenter name
15 km
alunite39 | Presentation title | Presenter name
Mt Carlton, ASTER before vege unmixing
alteration?
AlOH content
(no masks applied)
low clay high clay
content content
alteration?
AlOH composition
(no masks applied)
kaolin (w/o) illite
alunite, muscovite
pyrophylite
advanced argillic? phyllic?
15 kmMt Carlton, ASTER after vegetation unmixing
AlOH content
(no masks applied)
low clay high clay
content content
AlOH composition
(no masks applied)
kaolin (w/o) illite
alunite, muscovite
pyrophylite
advanced argillic? phyllic?
15 kmMt Turner, Qld - 3D Mineral Mapping @ASTER spectral resolution
NVCL drillcore, airborne HyMap and satellite ASTER
+ seismics + interpreted geology
http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer
42 | Presentation title | Presenter name
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Turner - Published alteration
Rossiter 1979, BMR Journal
• 12 km2 of silicic, potassic,
phyllic, argillic and
propylitic alteration
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Turner - Vege unmixed HyMap + NVCL @ ASTER resolution
vegetation unmixed
seismic line
NVCL drill holes
44 | Presentation title | Presenter name
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Mt Turner 3D NVCL + HyMap @ ASTER res - AlOH composition
NCVL (Mantle tapping fluid pathway?
Olympic Dam – NVCL ASTER simulated AlOH group composition
A B
Phanerozoic cover
1 km Proterozoic and
Archaean rocks
ASTER V2 AlOH
Published geology
group
composition
Olympic Dam
A
B
Al-rich muscovite
Al-poor muscovite,
paragonite NVCL data provided by
Illite,
47 | Presentation title | Presenter name montmorillonite
kaolin Alan Mauger (GSSA)Olympic Dam – Cu assay
Phanerozoic cover
1 km Proterozoic and
Archaean rocks
published geology
A
B
NVCL data provided by
Alan Mauger (GSSA)Olympic Dam – Au assay
A B
Phanerozoic cover
1 km Proterozoic and
Archaean rocks
published geology
A
B
NVCL data provided by
Alan Mauger (GSSA)Olympic Dam – %Fe assay
Phanerozoic cover
1 km Proterozoic and
Archaean rocks
n=~9000 samples
NVCL data provided by
50 | Presentation title | Presenter name
Alan Mauger (GSSA)Olympic Dam – ASTER simulated Ferrous index 2
Phanerozoic cover
1 km Proterozoic and
Archaean rocks
published
ASTER V2 geology
Ferrous Index 2
A
B
NVCL data provided by
51 | Presentation title | Presenter name
Alan Mauger (GSSA)Summary (ASTER V2)
• Dry vegetation mixing vector @ASTER spectral resolution
looks reliable
• ASTER mineral product unmixing of green and dry
vegetation provides more accurate, seamless information
(validated with NGSA field data)
• Heavy masking no longer required
• ~90% of pixels now available for NE Qld in Version 2 release
• Phyllic and advanced argillic alteration more easily
interpreted (new targets?)
• Ability to 3D integrate ASTER, HyMap and NVCL mineral
geoscience products now possible
• Queensland ASTER V2 public release January 2016
• Beyond that? Opportunity for C3DMM
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 20163D Mineral Mapping from Fresh Rock to Space
• Capturing the 30 year VISION
• Mineral exploration (Tier 1 discovery!)
• Projects that are FUN!
Open for Business 10th February 2017
C3DMM Pty Ltd
Tom Cudahy and Julia Novikova (Directors)
Perth, Western Australia
Web: C3DMM.com
email: thomas.cudahy@c3dmm.com
Ph: +61-8-407-662-369
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016Geosciences Special Issue: Advance in Structural and Lithological Mapping using Earth Observation Data http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/6/4/52 GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016
Resource Industry perceptions
• Measures only the top 100 µm of a target/sample
• vegetation, weathering, transported material, anthropogenic stuff
• Australia’s UNCOVER challenge http://www.uncoverminerals.org.au
• search space below 1 km
• Not reproducible, transferrable or quantifiable - always requires local
tuning & “validation” “just pretty pictures”
• All surface deposits found
• Alteration is everywhere
• Too complex – geologists don’t (need to) think in terms of mineralogy
• No world class discoveries made especially with hyperspectral
Floccinaucinihilipilification: “habit of estimating something as worthless”
• Competition between sensor/information providers
• No industry cohesion (voice)
• ASTER is all that is needed and its free!
• Remote hyperspectral is too expensive – value not understood
• Drill core logging is increasingly valued/used
55 | Presentation title | Presenter name Moon Plain, Stuart Shelf South Australia (near Olympic Dam) (photo taken by S Hill, GSSA)Technology challenges
• Resources sector is poorly valued/understood by the public and
governments
• Reliance on commercial sector for technology development
• Lost patience waiting for hyperspectral imaging satellite/s
• Mature technology now transitioned from public R&D to
operational/commercial sector
• Little/no integration across sensor/data types
• Yet to learn from the Google Earth™ experience
• No mineral product standards
• World is fast changing with:
• Cubesats, nanosats and microsats (uncalibrated & voluminous)
• Smart phone sensors
• IBM’s Watson type artifical intelligence
• Spectral information is but one component for decision making
56 | Presentation title | Presenter name Moon Plain, Stuart Shelf South Australia (near Olympic Dam) (photo taken by S Hill, GSSA)CSIRO’s The Spectral Geologist (TSG™)
https://research.csiro.au/thespectralgeologist
GRSG 2017 | London | 7-9th December 2016CSIRO’s The Spectral Geologist (TSG™)
https://research.csiro.au/thespectralgeologist
58 | Presentation title | Presenter nameCSIRO’s The Spectral Geologist (TSG™)
https://research.csiro.au/thespectralgeologist
59 | Presentation title | Presenter nameDr Tom Cudahy
Chief Scientist
CSIRO, Mineral Resources
Australian Resources Research Centre
Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, AUSTRALIA
Director
C3DMM Pty Ltd
3/472 Cambridge Street
Floreat, Western Australia, 6014,
AUSTRALIA
m +61 407 662 369
e thomas.cudahy@c3dmm.com.au
w http://c3dmm.com.au
MINERAL RESOURCES FLAGSHIPASTER AlOH Group content
low high
Al-Clays: phengite, muscovite, paragonite,
lepidolite, illite, brammalite, montmorillonite,
kaolinite, dickite, beidellite
http://www.ga.gov.au/data-pubs/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer
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