Computers Helping People with Special Needs
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Klaus Miesenberger
Georgios Kouroupetroglou
Katerina Mavrou
Roberto Manduchi
Mario Covarrubias Rodriguez
Petr Penáz (Eds.)
LNCS 13342
Computers Helping
People with Special Needs
18th International Conference, ICCHP-AAATE 2022
Lecco, Italy, July 11–15, 2022
Proceedings, Part II
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 13342 Founding Editors Gerhard Goos Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Juris Hartmanis Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Editorial Board Members Elisa Bertino Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Wen Gao Peking University, Beijing, China Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Moti Yung Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/558
Klaus Miesenberger · Georgios Kouroupetroglou · Katerina Mavrou · Roberto Manduchi · Mario Covarrubias Rodriguez · Petr Penáz (Eds.) Computers Helping People with Special Needs 18th International Conference, ICCHP-AAATE 2022 Lecco, Italy, July 11–15, 2022 Proceedings, Part II
Editors
Klaus Miesenberger Georgios Kouroupetroglou
Johannes Kepler University National and Kapodistrian University
Linz, Austria of Athens
Athens, Greece
Katerina Mavrou
European University Cyprus Roberto Manduchi
Engomi, Cyprus University of California at Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Mario Covarrubias Rodriguez
Politecnico di Milano Petr Penáz
Milan, Italy Masaryk University
Brno, Czech Republic
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-031-08644-1 ISBN 978-3-031-08645-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08645-8
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
10 chapters are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see licence information in the chapters.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are
believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors
give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or
omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, SwitzerlandContents – Part II Digital Accessibility: Readability and Understandability Digital Accessibility: Readability and Understandability: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Helen Petrie, Klaus Höckner, and Werner Rosenberger Overlay Tools as a Support for Accessible Websites – Possibilities and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Niklas Egger, Gottfried Zimmermann, and Christophe Strobbe Digital Authentication and Dyslexia: A Survey of the Problems and Needs of Dyslexia People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Nicole Kelly and Helen Petrie Rethinking Alt Text to Improve Its Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Karen McCall and Beverly Chagnon Password Challenges for Older People in China and the United Kingdom . . . . . . 34 Helen Petrie, Burak Merdenyan, and Chen Xie Digital Authentication for Visually Disabled People: Initial Results of an Online Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Suzanna Schmeelk and Helen Petrie Layered Audio Descriptions for Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Remo Schneider, Tobias Ableitner, and Gottfried Zimmermann Serious and Fun Games Serious and Fun Games: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . 67 Cecilia Sik-Lanyi and Jinat Ara Accessibility Improvement of Leisure Sports “Mölkky” for Visually Impaired Players Using AI Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Makoto Kobayashi and Takuya Suzuki GoalBaural-II: An Acoustic Virtual Reality Training Application for Goalball Players to Recognize Various Game Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Michiharu Watanabe, Takahiro Miura, Masaki Matsuo, Masatsugu Sakajiri, and Junji Onishi
xiv Contents – Part II Comparison of Guidelines for the Accessible Design of Augmented Reality Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Sebastian Koch, Tobias Ableitner, and Gottfried Zimmermann Internet of Things: Services and Applications for People with Disabilities and Elderly Persons Internet of Things – Services and Applications for People with Disabilities and Elderly Persons: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Alireza Darvishy Home Automation System Controlled Through Brain Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Francisco Velasco-Álvarez, Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez, and Ricardo Ron-Angevin BUZZBAND: A Vibrating Wristband for Hearing-Impaired Elderly People . . . . 113 Elisabetta Romoli, Jacopo Pollastri, Andrea Masciadri, Sara Comai, and Fabio Salice Hands-Free Interaction Methods for Smart Home Control with Google Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Tobias Ableitner, Fiona Heilemann, Andreas Schilling, Surjo Soekadar, and Gottfried Zimmermann Ontenna: Design and Social Implementation of Auditory Information Transmission Devices Using Tactile and Visual Senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Tatsuya Honda, Tetsuaki Baba, and Makoto Okamoto Usability Study of Tactile and Voice Interaction Modes by People with Disabilities for Home Automation Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Nadine Vigouroux, Frédéric Vella, Gaëlle Lepage, and Eric Campo Universal Access Panel: A Novel Approach for Accessible Smart Homes and IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Christoph Veigl, Benjamin Klaus, Benjamin Aigner, and Manuel Wagner Technologies for Inclusion and Participation at Work and in Everyday Activities Technologies for Inclusion and Participation at Work and in Everyday Activities: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Susanne Dirks, Christian Bühler, and Bastian Pelka
Contents – Part II xv A Review on Technological Solutions Supporting People with Dementia in the Activity of Dressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Sofia Ghezzi, Andrea Masciadri, Fabio Salice, and Sara Comai Testing an Augmented Reality Learning App for People with Learning Difficulties in Vocational Training in Home Economics – Central Results of the Project LernBAR (Learning Based on Augmented Reality) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Laura Wuttke, Christian Bühler, Anna Katharina Klug, and Yvonne Söffgen Working from Home in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Which Technological and Social Factors Influence the Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction of People with Disabilities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Susanne Dirks and Frederike Kurth Remote Working: A Way to Foster Greater Inclusion and Accessibility? . . . . . . . 192 Stefano Federici, Giovanni Bifolchi, Maria Laura Mele, Marco Bracalenti, Maria Laura De Filippis, Simone Borsci, Giancarlo Gaudino, Massimo Amendola, Antonello Cocco, and Emilio Simonetti Robotic and Virtual Reality Technologies for Children with Disabilities and Older Adults Robotic and Virtual Reality Technologies for Children with Disabilities and Older Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Sanjit Samaddar, Lorenzo Desideri, Pedro Encarnação, David Gollasch, Helen Petrie, and Gerhard Weber Creating a Robot-Supported Education Solution for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Trenton Schulz and Kristin Skeide Fuglerud A Wizard of Oz Interface with Qtrobot for Facilitating the Handwriting Learning in Children with Dysgraphia and Its Usability Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Jianling Zou, Soizic Gauthier, Salvatore M. Anzalone, David Cohen, and Dominique Archambault POWERUP: A 3D-Printed Exoskeleton and Serious Games for the Rehabilitation of Children with Motor Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Ana Rojo, Susana Del Riego, Cristina Sánchez, Eloy J. Urendes, Rodrigo García-Carmona, Sergio Lerma-Lara, and Rafael Raya
xvi Contents – Part II Visual Impairment Sensitization: Co-Designing a Virtual Reality Tool with Sensitization Instructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Lauren Thevin and Tonja Machulla Assessing Professional Caregivers’ Intention to Use and Relatives’ Support of Use for a Mobile Service Robot in Group Therapy for Institutionalized People with Dementia – A Standardized Assessment Using an Adapted Version of UTAUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Catharina Wasić, Frank Bahrmann, Stefan Vogt, Hans-Joachim Böhme, and Elmar Graessel Development, Evaluation and Assessment of Assistive Technologies Development, Evaluation and Assessment of Assistive Technologies: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Susanne Dirks, Christian Bühler, Peter Heumader, and Klaus Miesenberger A Model to Represent Knowledge about Assistive Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Renzo Andrich Buddy - A Personal Companion to Match People with Cognitive Disabilities and AT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Peter Heumader, Tomas Murillo-Morales, and Klaus Miesenberger Towards an Inclusive Co-design Toolkit: Perceptions and Experiences of Co-design Stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Eamon Aswad, Emma Murphy, Claudia Fernandez-Rivera, and Sarah Boland Evaluating a Visual Mobile Banking App for Users with Low Subjective Numeracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Alexander Stewart and Marian McDonnell How to Ensure Continuity of AT Assessment Services for Frail People in Times of Pandemics: An Italian Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Claudia Salatino, Valerio Gower, Lia Malisano, Chiara Folini, Maurizio Saruggia, Rosa Maria Converti, Francesco Zava, and Marina Ramella Communication Styles as Challenges for Participatory Design Process Facilitators Working with Young People with Additional Needs in a Residential Care Setting: A Conversation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Caroline Kortekaas and Isabel Zorn
Contents – Part II xvii ICT to Support Inclusive Education - Universal Learning Design (ULD) ICT to Support Inclusive Education - Universal Learning Design (ULD): Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Marion Hersh and Barbara Leporini Simulating the Answering Process of Dyslexic Students for Audio Versions of the Common Test for University Admissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Masashi Hatakeyama and Akio Fujiyoshi Gauging Awareness of Accessibility in Open Educational Resources . . . . . . . . . . 335 Oriane Pierrès and Alireza Darvishy Usability of an Accessible Learning Platform – Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Leevke Wilkens and Christian Bühler Assessment Requirements of Disabled Students in Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . 351 Inguna Griskevica, Dace Stiegele, Dina Bethere, Ines Kozun, Matjaz Debevec, Ioannis Gialelis, Andreas Papalambrou, and Eva Papadopoulos Video Screen Commentary System Supporting Online Learning of Visually Impaired Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Dong-Yeon Park and Soon-Bum Lim Inclusive Education Going Digital: The Education of “Digital Scouts” . . . . . . . . 369 Claudia Mertens Design for Assistive Technologies and Rehabilitation A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Designing and Realization of Customized High Performance Prostheses by Continuous Fiber Additive Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Milutin Kostovic, Gennaro Rollo, Andrea Sorrentino, Eleonora Ticli, Cristina De Capitani, Simone Pittaccio, Jacopo Romanò, Lorenzo Garavaglia, Fabio Lazzari, Enrico Bassani, Fabio Storm, Claudio Corbetta, Marco Tarabini, Paola Saccomandi, Giada Luppino, Davide Paloschi, Andrea Canegrati, Luca M. Martulli, Andrea Bernasconi, Mauro Rossini, Marino Lavorgna, and Emanuele Gruppioni Mechanical Arm for Soft Exoskeleton Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Mario Covarrubias Rodriguez, Ignacio Amui, Youssef Beik, Gabriele Gambirasio, Marta Gandolla, Elena Bardi, and Emilia Ambrosini
xviii Contents – Part II Hybrid Manufacturing of Upper-Limb Prosthesis Sockets with Improved Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Simone Pittaccio, Marino Lavorgna, Jacopo Romanò, Andrea Sorrentino, Pierfrancesco Cerruti, Gennaro Rollo, Chiara Ascione, Maria Grazia Raucci, Alessandra Soriente, Viviana Casaleggi, Lorenzo Garavaglia, Fabio Lazzari, Rosa Zullo, Angelo Davalli, and Emanuele Gruppioni Sensor-Based Task Ergonomics Feedback for a Passive Low-Back Exoskeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Mattia Pesenti, Marta Gandolla, Carlo Folcio, Sha Ouyang, Luigi Rovelli, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Mario Covarrubias Rodriguez, and Loris Roveda Implementation and Evaluation of a Control System for a Hand Exoskeleton on Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Sebastian Koch, Tobias Ableitner, and Gottfried Zimmermann Design and Administration of a Questionnaire for the User-Centered Design of a Novel Upper-Limb Assistive Device for Brachial Plexus Injury and Post-stroke Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Michele Francesco Penna, Emilio Trigili, Loredana Zollo, Christian Cipriani, Leonardo Cappello, Marco Controzzi, Stefania Dalise, Carmelo Chisari, Emanuele Gruppioni, Simona Crea, and Nicola Vitiello Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation: Usability and Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Paolo Perego, Roberto Sironi, Martina Scagnoli, Maria Terraroli, Carlo Emilio Standoli, and Giuseppe Andreoni Training with a Mobile FES-cycling System: A Case Study with a Spinal Cord Injured Pilot to Investigate Performances Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Federica Ferrari, Nicole Sanna, Paolo Brambilla, Francesca Dell’Eva, Simona Ferrante, Marco Tarabini, Alessandra Pedrocchi, and Emilia Ambrosini Towards an Ontology-Based Decision Support System to Support Car-Reconfiguration for Novice Wheelchair Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Daniele Spoladore, Turgut Cilsal, Atieh Mahroo, Alberto Trombetta, and Marco Sacco
Contents – Part II xix A Model-Based Framework for the Selection of Mechatronic Components of Wearable Robots: Preliminary Design of an Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis . . . 453 Alessandro Mazzarini, Ilaria Fagioli, Emilio Trigili, Tommaso Fiumalbi, Stefano Capitani, Emanuele Peperoni, Emanuele Gruppioni, Simona Crea, and Nicola Vitiello Pointing Gestures for Human-Robot Interaction in Service Robotics: A Feasibility Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Luca Pozzi, Marta Gandolla, and Loris Roveda Assessment of the Usability of an Innovative Assistive Swimsuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Giuseppe Andreoni, Luciano Bissolotti, Eleonora Castagna, Giulio Valagussa, Francesco Mondini, Alberto Paleari, and Simone Pittaccio Design of a Car Simulator to Assess Driving Capabilities in People with Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Giovanni Tauro, Davide Felice Redaelli, Le An Dao, Alfonso Mastropietro, Marta Mondellini, Fabio Storm, Vera Colombo, Sara Arlati, Ileana Pirovano, Mattia Chiappini, Carla Dei, Luca Greci, Matteo Malosio, Giovanna Rizzo, Gianluigi Reni, and Marco Sacco Mixed Reality as Assistive Technology: Guidelines Based on an Assessment of Residual Functional Vision in Persons with Low Vision . . . 484 Florian Lang, Albrecht Schmidt, and Tonja Machulla Characterization of the Response of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded in 3D Printed Continuous Fiberglass Reinforced Composite for Biomedical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 Giada Luppino, Davide Paloschi, Paola Saccomandi, Marco Tarabini, Luca M. Martulli, Andrea Bernasconi, Milutin Kostovic, Gennaro Rollo, Andrea Sorrentino, Marino Lavorgna, and Emanuele Gruppioni Assistive Technologies and Inclusion for Older People Assistive Technologies and Inclusion for Older People: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Özge Subaşı, Paul Panek, and Jean D. Hallewell Haslwanter Ageism and Sexism Amongst Young Technicians and Older People in China . . . 511 Yao Chen and Helen Petrie Ageism in Design: Accessibility Without User Experience? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 Jean D. Hallewell Haslwanter and Christiane Takacs
xx Contents – Part II Addressing Privacy Concerns in Depth Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 Wiktor Mucha and Martin Kampel Assessing the Outcome of Mobility Assistive Technology (OMAT) in Daily Living: Preliminary Results in an Italian Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 Francesca Borgnis, Lucia Pigini, Marina Ramella, Claudia Salatino, Maurizio Saruggia, Chiara Folini, and Rosa Maria Converti Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Multimodal Wearable System for Motor
Rehabilitation: Usability
and Acceptability
Paolo Perego1,2(B) , Roberto Sironi1,2 , Martina Scagnoli1 ,
Maria Terraroli1 , Carlo Emilio Standoli1 , and Giuseppe Andreoni1
1
Laboratory TeDH - Technology and Design for Healthcare, Department of Design,
Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
paolo.perego@polimi.it
2
Sensibilab, Polo Territoriale di Lecco, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
http://www.tedh.polimi.it/,http://www.sensibilab.lecco.polimi.it/
Abstract. Wearables are one of the most promising technology for eas-
ing the transition towards a personalized medicine, bringing healthcare
and rehabilitation from hospitals to homes. Wearables inherently carries
with them all the problems of small, portable devices and technologists.
These problems could be related to the design phase as the real needs
of the user are often not taken into consideration. This paper aims to
describe the design and application of a new method for usability and
acceptability evaluation of wearable devices, which can be applied after
the first low fidelity prototype or and the end of development phase in
order to evaluate how easy the system is to use, when comfortable and
invasive, but above all if it reflects.
Keywords: Wearable design · Rehabilitation · Usability protocol ·
Co-design · User-centered design
1 Introduction
Population aging and especially Covid-19 pandemic situation are leading most of
society to reshape healthcare systems, transforming a system based on hospital
care into a system in which care is more personal, personalized and delocalized
within homes. These circumstances changed people habits, and also healthcare
system has been forced to evolve, changing protocols and medical environments,
bringing prevention, diagnosis and treatment no longer in clinics, but in every-
one’s houses.
In this transition, advanced technologies play a fundamental role transform-
ing the cure in care and improving patients and caregivers life quality.
In this day and age, wearable devices could be the best solutions in term
of costs/services ratio for monitoring people outside hospitals. Wearables are
one of the most promising technology which can help in the transaction from
!c The Author(s) 2022
K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds.): ICCHP-AAATE 2022, LNCS 13342, pp. 428–436, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08645-8_50Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation 429
today medicine (based on cure and treat people) towards a more personalized,
predictive, preventive and participatory medicine [1].
Wearables are by definition instruments that are in close contact with the
human body; for this reason human factor and usability are fundamental and need
to be considered and tested during all the development phases. Current wearable
solution for telemedia and tele-rehabilitation often came from consumer products,
and for this reason are cumbersome and developed for use in other areas and with
different users; these because the design phase does not take into consideration all
the actors and the stakeholders who can operate and wear the system. Moreover,
the use of small and wearable technologies requires dealing with different barriers
related to the users’ health status, which cab further undermine the effectiveness
of the diagnosis/treatment due to the difficulty of use.
Starting from a wearable system developed involving directly the various
stakeholders from the earliest stage of design [2], this paper aims to define a
usability and performance validation approach applied for the testing of wearable
sensing platform.
2 Materials and Methods
The MW (Multimodal Wearable) system is a wearable system designed for moni-
toring and evaluating motor rehabilitation activities in post-stroke patients. MW
born form a project funded by “Centro Protesi” Inail, one of the research cen-
ters of the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work in Italy.
MW is a suit embedding sensors to monitor rehabilitation sessions or supporting
the restart of working activities without affecting functions and/or mobility. The
hardware components are small devices to be worn and placed into the dedicated
receptacles mounted on the suit, and the smartphone app to start/stop/record
sessions’s data complete the system. The suit is composed in two parts, upper
and lower body, which consists in a long sleeves shirt and trousers each of which
has 7 hooks for connecting sensors. Based on the rehabilitation exercise, a full-
body or an half-body configuration can be worn. The suit would result in an
increase of comfort and efficacy of the therapy.
As described above in the introduction paragraph, the main core of the MW
project is the migration form the classic clinics rehabilitation, to a more personal
and comfortable home rehabilitation. This objective underline the importance
of co-designing the entire system directly with users and stakeholders in order
to be able to correctly respond to their needs and desires.
The MW system was developed based on User-Centred Design (UCD) full-
stack ten tails (FSTT) approach defined by Perego et al. [3]. The FSTT approach
is based son ISO9421 UCD that consists in for main stages: brief and user defi-
nition, co-design, features definition, developing and testing.
As described by the FSTT the testing stage is not related only to the last part
of the design, but is consistent with all the development approach. As show in
Fig. 1, the FSTT is not a linear sequential method, but consists of a continuous
circular process of product/service improvement until the performances required
by all the stakeholders are achieved.430 P. Perego et al.
Fig. 1. Overview of the Full-stack ten tails (FSTT) approach.
The design iterations end only when the required performance off all the users
and stakeholder are satisfied: both patients and doctors, nurses, physioterapists,
relatives...
Having to meet the requirements of a plethora of different users and stake-
holders, testing and iteration processes could become very time-consuming and
expensive. For this reason, the drafting of an analysis and testing protocol is a
mandatory part of the FSTT approach.
As for the FSTT approach, four main steps for the protocol definition are
defined:
1. Goals definition
The goals of the testing protocol is the outcome that designers desire from
the test. It can consists in perceived comfort test regarding sensitized cloth-
ing, usability of the system, battery duration or system performances. Tasks
definition needs to be strictly related to goals in order to optimize times and
costs of carrying out the tests.
In the use case of MW system, the expected goals/outcomes for the perfor-
mance and usability protocols are:
– Usability
– Perceived comfort
– Performance
The goals of testing include establishing a baseline of user performance, estab-
lishing and validating user performance measures, and identifying potential
design concerns to be addressed in order to improve the efficiency, comfort,
and end-user satisfaction.Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation 431 In order to have an index of performance, a baseline needs to be provided; for this reason, the performance test compares data of the MW system with respect to a gold standard technology. For this purpose, BTS mocap system and/or Xsens wearable mocap system, in standard protocol and movements of the upper limb according to Garofalo et al. 2009 [5], is used as comparison. The usability and perceived comfort tests focus on determining the design inconsistencies and usability problems during the use of the system (e.g. dress/undress problem, placement of the devices, functional performance, comfort problem). 2. Tasks definition The main tasks of the system are defined during the initial definition stage in which a task analysis is executed. Task analysis is the process of learning about users by observing them in action to achieve a goal. Tasks analysis helps identify the tasks that applications must support. The tasks definition of the protocol drafting retraces the initial task analysis, to test all the main tasks that the user will perform within the system. The task for usability test and performance test are different. Performance test is going to acquire the upper limb movements using both MW system and a gold standard. Comparison of the range of motion and angle patters in a timer normalized series is considered for validating and reliability assessment. The usability tasks were derived from test scenarios developed from use cases and/or with the assistance of a participant-matter expert. Preliminary ses- sions carried out during the development phase of the project have provided necessary input to the definition of this test plan and related protocol. Due to the range and extent of functionality provided in the application, and the short time for which each participant is available for the test, the tasks are the most common and relatively complex of available functions. The tasks are identical for all participants of a given user role in the study. The usability testing protocol consists of 3 steps or phases: Phase 1: observing the MW system and touching it; The facilitator and the project team members introduce MW system with its general description. The users can touch the system and devices but not wear and use it. Then, the user fills in the short questionnaire for this phase and describing product expectations. Phase 2: wearing the system and preparing, before the rehabilitation session. The user is asked to wear the MW system. Ability to self-wearing the MW system and related time will be recorded. Non-critical errors will be even- tually noted. The user has also to place the devices into the corresponding receptacles. In case of need of assistance, the facilitator will support the user in wearing the MW system and this operation is noted. Also in this second case wearing time will be recorded and non-critical errors will be eventually noted.
432 P. Perego et al.
Phase 3: after having undressed the MW system and after the rehabilitation
session.
The user activates the recording app on the smartphone. The user starts the
simulated rehabilitation session for 10 min. At the end of this session, the
user is asked to undress the MW system. Ability to self-undressing the MW
system and related time will be recorded. Non-critical errors will be eventually
noted. In case of need, the facilitator will assist the user in undressing the
MW system and this operation is noted. Also in this second case wearing
time will be recorded and non-critical errors will be eventually noted. After
all these tasks, the user fills in the short final questionnaire for this phase and
to verify the matching of the initial product expectations.
3. Definition of the users:
As for the ideation and product/service design phase, the definition of the
users is a fundamental part for the protocol definition. The protocol needs
to take into consideration different users, based both on expertise and other
characteristics such as age, sex, schooling, disabilities...
All these characteristics, together with the cognitive age, digital literacy con-
tribute to the acceptance of digital technologies [4]. Choosing the types of
users for carrying out the tests is essential in order not to have final bias
on the acquired data. For example, choosing users and experts in the field
of mobile technologies can cause a wrong evaluation of the acceptability and
usability of the system, as they are accustomed to the technology and are
already aware of all those mental paths necessary for the use.
The usability testing includes 2 categories of users: direct users and caregivers,
both considered primary users. Secondary users such as those participating
in MW cleaning/maintenance and other secondary functions or in relation to
the product lifecycle are not considered in this test plan due to the Covid-19
pandemic emergency which strongly affects the original protocol plans.
Having to test usability, perceived comfort and performances and having a
fairly high number of stakeholders and type of users, the definition of the
users for the tests can be different depending on the defined goals and tasks.
In MW tests, the performance test is carried put on a sample of 5 healthy par-
ticipants preferably ranging from the 5th female percentile in stature (about
155 cm) up to the 95th male percentile (about 185 cm). The user panel for
the acceptability and usability test is designed as follows:
– 5 health participants (also the same of the performance test);
– 5 rehabilitation therapists/caregivers leading the therapeutic rehabilita-
tive session and supporting some tasks (e.g. wearability, undressing the
suit, first configuration...);
– 5 patients or fragile people - the direct users - with acquired or congenital
functional limitation running rehabilitation sessions.Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation 433
Due Covid-19 emergency, the last 5 users only visual insect the MW system
and fill in the assessment questionnaire without wearing and testing it for
safety reason.
According to Faulkner [6], the above described sample is coherent to reach a
confident value of 90%.
All users needs to be aged 18 or more and sign the informed consent. The panel
need to possibly be gender balanced. The participants try to complete a set
of representative task scenarios presented to them in as efficient and timely
a manner as possible, and to provide feedback regarding the usability and
acceptability of the user interface. The participants are directed to provide
honest opinions regarding the usability of the application, and to participate
in post-session subjective questionnaires and debriefing.
Moreover, the participants are going to receive an overview of the usability
test procedure, equipment and methods before acceptance and participation
to the test.
4. Metrics definition
Metrics are fundamental to quantify the tasks outcomes. Depending on the
number and type of tasks and goals, different evaluation metrics can be
defined. These can be metrics derives dorm standardized methods (for exam-
ple standardized usability test such as the SUS and the QUIS questionnaire),
or associated with numerical values defined by the designer. In this second
case the Likert scale is the most used and consists of a scale used to represent
people’s attitude to a topic.
Usability metrics refers to user performance measured against specific perfor-
mance goals necessary to satisfy usability requirements. Scenario completion
success rates, adherence to dialog scripts, error rates, and subjective evalua-
tions will be used. Time-to-completion of scenarios will also be collected.
Three questionnaires will be administered to participants in three steps of
user experience and usability of the product:
– Showing the MW suit and system before wearing it;
– After having worn the MW system;
– At the end of the session, after having undressed the MW suit.
The questionnaires are based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or the Lik-
ert scale, each question with the proper resolution 5/7/9 points according to
the validated semantic scale. A body part discomfort score complements the
questionnaire. Some performance measures (e.g. time to complete the task)
are recorded as well.
Other two metrics are include in the protocol: successful self wearabil-
ity/undressing (0/1 - N/Y, binary value); self wearability/undressing time
(time in seconds with 2 decimals).
Completion rate is recorded for any session; completion rate is the percentage
of test participants who successfully complete the task without critical errors
(Fig. 2).434 P. Perego et al.
Fig. 2. The MW sensorized suit with the sensors, battery charger and mobile app.
3 Results and Discussion
15 participants (6 males and 9 females, aged between 25 and 60 years) partici-
pated to the usability tests. Out of total of 15 participants, 5 are healthy partic-
ipants, 5 are therapists from the Centro di Riabilitazione Villa Beretta (CRVB)
Valduce Hospital, 5 are participants with pathologies under treatment at CRVB.
The factors that influence or not the digital acceptance by people are strongly
linked with the same factors that determine the usability of a digital interface.
Usually users with low digital acceptance, who tend not to be attracted to the
products/services provided by digital and make very little or almost no use of
them, are the same who, when interfacing with them, have greater difficulties
in using them. This is because their low exposure to these interfaces does not
put them in the position of being able to correctly recognize and use the design
patterns that are usually implemented in digital interfaces. For this reason an
heterogeneous sample of participants was selected; however all participants were
in possession and regularly used a smartphone.
Wearability tests and surveys has been executed by healthy participants and
therapists, and after that a standardized questionnaire (SUS - System Usabil-
ity Scale) [7] has been administered to them; the SUS has been accompanied
by other questions based on the Likert scale in order to measure the degree
of acceptability of the system. For the pathological participants it has not be
possible to carry out the wearability tests for precautionary reasons due to the
Covid-19 pandemic emergency. The results (Fig. 3) emerged from the final over-
all evaluation show that there is an excellent adherence between the high initial
expectations of the participants involved and the post-test evaluation of the
system. This reasons that the system responds to the expected users’ needs,
in particular thanks to the first co-design phase that characterized the MW
project. In general, the perceived quality of the system is high, a score that is
substantially confirmed by the parameters analyzed in the usability assessment.Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation 435
It should be emphasized that the quality of the information received by the sys-
tem, the overall acceptance and appropriateness of the operations carried out
by MW reach an optimal score (>6/7) while the other evaluation parameters
are at very good values, close to the optimal. The slightly lower scores relate to
wearability (4.1/5) and aesthetic acceptability (5.40/7) underlines the opportu-
nity to improve the system, by working on the suit design and aesthetics and the
methods of wearing and unwiring. The usability test also measured the wearing
times of the system, which is around four minutes for dressing, and around a
minute and half for undressing.
Finally, the mobile application developed to detect data has been tested by
users; this App has an overall acceptability high score SUS 75.5/100 and in
particular, by the category of users for which it was developed, the therapists,
the score achieved has been 87.5/100.
Fig. 3. The chart shows the results of the usability test.
Acknowledgments. This work has been supported by “Centro Protesi INAIL” -
Vigorso di Budrio (BO), Italy, the main research center of the National Institute for
Insurance against Accidents at Work. The authors would also like to thank all the focus
group participant for their willingness and patience, and to eng. Angelo Davalli, eng
Emanuele Gruppioni and eng. Rinaldo Sacchetti of INAIL Centro Protesi for supervis-
ing the research.
References
1. Flores, M., Glusman, G., Brogaard, K., Price, N.D., Hood, L.: P4 medicine: how
systems medicine will transform the healthcare sector and society. Pers. Med. 10(6),
565–576 (2013)
2. Perego, P., Scagnoli, M., Sironi, R.: Co-design the acceptability of Wearables in
the Healthcare field. In: Proceeding of EAI HealthyIoT 2021–8th EAI International
Conference on IoT Technologies for HealthCare, 24–26 November 2021 (2021)436 P. Perego et al.
3. Perego, P., Sironi, R., Scagnoli, M., Fusca, M., Gruppioni, E., Davalli, A.: Multi-
modal wearable system for motor rehabilitation - design perspective and develop-
ment. In: Perego, P., TaheriNejad, N., Caon, M. (eds.) ICWH 2020. LNICST, vol.
376, pp. 99–106. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76066-
38
4. Eastman, J.K., Iyer, R.: L’impatto dell’etá cognitiva sull’uso di Internet degli
anziani: un’introduzione alle implicazioni di politica pubblica. Int. Stud. 29(2), 125–
136 (2005)
5. Garofalo, P., et al.: Inter-operator reliability and prediction bands of a novel protocol
to measure the coordinated movements of shoulder-girdle and humerus in clinical
settings. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 47(5), 475–486 (2009)
6. Faulkner, L.: Beyond the five-user assumption: benefits of increased sample sizes in
usability testing. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 35(3), 379–383 (2003)
7. Kortum, P.T., Bangor, A.: Usability ratings for everyday products measured with
the system usability scale. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 29(2), 67–76 (2013)
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium
or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the
source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were
made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the
chapter’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the chapter’s Creative Commons licence and
your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted
use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.Author Index
Abizanda, Pedro I-468 Bracalenti, Marco II-192
Ableitner, Tobias II-51, II-89, II-121, II-411 Brambilla, Paolo II-437
Aggarwal, Aayush I-30 Breidenbach, Martin I-468
Ahn, Seo-Yeong I-489 Brogaard Bertel, Lykke I-442
Aigner, Benjamin II-148 Brzoza, Piotr I-82
ˇ
Alčiauskaitė, Laura I-207 Bühler, Christian I-409, II-161, II-176,
Ambrosini, Emilia II-387, II-437 II-259, II-343
Amendola, Massimo II-192
Amui, Ignacio II-387 Čakš, Peter I-512
Andreoni, Giuseppe II-428, II-469 Campo, Eric II-139
Andrich, Renzo II-267 Canegrati, Andrea II-379
Anken, Julia I-102 Capitani, Stefano II-453
Antonakopoulou, Theodora I-56 Cappello, Leonardo II-420
Anzalone, Salvatore M. II-219 Casaleggi, Viviana II-395
Ara, Jinat II-67 Castagna, Eleonora II-469
Archambault, Dominique I-3, II-219 Cerruti, Pierfrancesco II-395
Arlati, Sara II-477 Chae, Soojung I-496
Arvanitis, Theodoros N. I-468 Chagnon, Beverly II-26
Ascione, Chiara II-395 Chen, Yao II-511
Aswad, Eamon II-284 Chen, Zihan I-38
Ayadi, Jaouhar I-468 Chiappini, Mattia II-477
Chisari, Carmelo II-420
Baba, Tetsuaki II-130 Chottin, Marion I-278
Badr, Georges I-331 Christelis, Christie I-529
Bahrmann, Frank II-247 Christoffels, Dylan I-522
Balakrishnan, M. I-22, I-30, I-178, I-187 Chung, Susana I-380
Banes, David I-199, I-477, I-483 Cicek, Muratcan I-399
Bansal, Akashdeep I-30 Cilsal, Turgut II-445
Bardi, Elena II-387 Ciobanu, Cristiana I-468
Bassani, Enrico II-379 Cipriani, Christian II-420
Baumgarten, Jean I-134 Cocco, Antonello II-192
Beik, Youssef II-387 Cohen, David II-219
Bemman, Brian I-442 Colombo, Vera II-477
Bernasconi, Andrea II-379, II-494 Comai, Sara II-113, II-168
Bethere, Dina II-351 Consoli, Angelo I-468
Bhatnagar, Tigmanshu I-187 Constantinescu, Angela I-221, I-241
Bifolchi, Giovanni II-192 Controzzi, Marco II-420
Biggs, Brandon I-253 Converti, Rosa Maria II-301, II-534
Bissolotti, Luciano II-469 Corbetta, Claudio II-379
Böhme, Hans-Joachim II-247 Coughlan, James M. I-253
Boland, Sarah II-284 Covarrubias Rodriguez, Mario II-387
Borgnis, Francesca II-534 Cramariuc, Oana I-468
Borsci, Simone II-192 Crea, Simona II-420, II-453544 Author Index
Dalise, Stefania II-420 Gilardi, Luca I-468
Dao, Le An II-477 Gollasch, David II-203
Darvishy, Alireza I-215, II-101, II-335 González, Álvaro I-417
Davalli, Angelo II-395 Gorobets, Valentina I-313
De Capitani, Cristina II-379 Gotthardt, Marie I-432, I-451
De Filippis, Maria Laura II-192 Götzelmann, Timo I-388
Debevc, Matjaž I-505, I-512 Gower, Valerio II-301
Debevec, Matjaz II-351 Graessel, Elmar II-247
Dei, Carla II-477 Granlund, Mats I-347
Del Riego, Susana II-226 Greci, Luca II-477
Dell’Eva, Francesca II-437 Griskevica, Inguna II-351
Desideri, Lorenzo II-203 Gruppioni, Emanuele II-379, II-395, II-420,
Diab, Isam I-417 II-453, II-494
Dirks, Susanne I-409, II-161, II-183, II-259
Djoussouf, Lilia I-270 Hallewell Haslwanter, Jean D. II-505, II-517
Draffan, E. A. I-477, I-483 Hatakeyama, Masashi II-328
Duy Dao, Son I-270 Hatzakis, Tally I-207
Heilemann, Fiona I-371, II-121
Ebling, Sarah I-505 Hemmingsson, Helena I-347
Egger, Niklas II-6 Hersh, Marion II-323
Elias-Espinosa, Milton Carlos I-462 Heumader, Peter I-409, II-259, II-275
Encarnação, Pedro II-203 Hibbard, Evan I-529
Engel, Christin I-110, I-123, I-143 Hirt, Christian I-305
Ertürkmen, Gokce Banu Laleci I-468 Höckner, Klaus II-3
Holloway, Catherine I-187
Fagioli, Ilaria II-453 Honda, Tatsuya II-130
Federici, Stefano II-192 Hong, Ki-Hyung I-489, I-496
Fels, Deborah I. I-529 Hsieh, Yu-Hsin I-347
Fernandez-Rivera, Claudia II-284 Hutter, Hans-Peter I-215
Fernández-Rodríguez, Álvaro II-105 Hwang, Ai-Wen I-347
Ferrante, Simona II-437 Hyakuta, Ryosuke I-542
Ferrari, Federica II-437
Ferrari, Valentina I-425 Ienaga, Takafumi I-355
Ferrazzini, Lionello I-468 Iijima, Ryo I-542
Fiumalbi, Tommaso II-453 Itoh, Kazuyuki I-363
Folcio, Carlo II-403 Iwamura, Masakazu I-229
Folini, Chiara II-301, II-534
Fujiyoshi, Akio II-328 Jadhav, Neha I-22
Furusato, Ken’ichi I-355 Jaworek, Gerhard I-102, I-153, I-160, I-241
Juyal, Shivansh I-22
Gambirasio, Gabriele II-387
Gandolla, Marta II-387, II-403, II-461 Käch, Benno I-305
Gappa, Henrike I-468 Kampel, Martin II-526
Garavaglia, Lorenzo II-379, II-395 Karam, Maria I-529
García-Carmona, Rodrigo II-226 Kawai, Takaaki I-229
Gaudino, Giancarlo II-192 Kawulok, Mateusz I-82
Gauthier, Soizic II-219 Kelly, Nicole II-18
Gencturk, Mert I-468 Keung, Sarah N. Lim Choi I-468
Ghezzi, Sofia II-168 Kim, Kyungyang I-489
Gialelis, Ioannis II-351 Kimuro, Yoshihiko I-355Author Index 545
Kise, Koichi I-229 Masciadri, Andrea II-113, II-168
Klaus, Benjamin II-148 Mastrogiuseppe, Marilina I-425
Klug, Anna Katharina II-176 Mastropietro, Alfonso II-477
Knaeble, Merlin I-38 Matsuo, Masaki II-79
Knoche, Hendrik I-442 Mazzarini, Alessandro II-453
Knura, Tomasz I-82 McCall, Karen II-26
Kobayashi, Makoto II-73 McDonnell, Marian II-293
Koch, Sebastian II-89, II-411 Mehta, Shefali I-462
Koike, Akihiro I-261 Mele, Maria Laura II-192
Komada, Toshihiko I-15 Melfi, Giuseppe I-73, I-134, I-153
König, Alexandra I-207 Merdenyan, Burak II-34
Kortekaas, Caroline II-310 Merkle, Cecily I-313
Kostovic, Milutin II-379, II-494 Mertens, Claudia II-369
Kouroupetroglou, Georgios I-3, I-56 Miesenberger, Klaus I-3, I-47, I-63, I-289,
Koutny, Reinhard I-289, I-321 I-321, I-409, II-259, II-275
Kožuh, Ines I-512 Minatani, Kazunori I-229
Kozun, Ines II-351 Miura, Takahiro II-79
Kreimeier, Julian I-388 Mohamad, Yehya I-468
Kumarasamy, Tatyana I-529 Mondellini, Marta II-477
Kunz, Andreas I-289, I-305, I-313 Mondini, Francesco II-469
Kurth, Frederike II-183 Mosimann, Roland I-215
Kushalnagar, Raja I-522, I-536 Mucha, Wiktor II-526
Kyrou, Ioannis I-468 Müller, Karin I-95, I-102, I-134, I-153,
I-160, I-221, I-241
Landoni, Monica I-425 Münster, Patrick I-371
Lang, Florian II-484 Murillo-Morales, Tomas I-63, II-275
Lassen Nørlem, Helene I-442 Murphy, Emma II-284
Lavorgna, Marino II-379, II-395, II-494
Lazzari, Fabio II-379, II-395 Nakayama, Tsuyoshi I-363
Lee, Heeyeon I-489 Neumann, Eva-Maria I-241
Lepage, Gaëlle II-139 Neumayr, Thomas I-47
Leporini, Barbara II-323 Neuper, Walther I-47
Lerma-Lara, Sergio II-226
Leung, Jenny I-529 Ochiai, Yoichi I-542
Lim, Soon-Bum II-360 Okamoto, Makoto II-130
Loitsch, Claudia I-95, I-169, I-221, I-432, Olson, Michelle I-536
I-451 Onishi, Junji II-79
Lüders, Fabian I-169 Otto, Sofie I-442
Luppino, Giada II-379, II-494 Ou, Wenyan I-160
Lutfallah, Mathieu I-305 Oumard, Christina I-388
Ouyang, Sha II-403
Machulla, Tonja I-295, II-237, II-484
MacKenzie, I. Scott I-338 Paleari, Alberto II-469
Maćkowski, Michał I-82 Paloschi, Davide II-379, II-494
Maedche, Alexander I-38 Panek, Paul II-505
Mahroo, Atieh II-445 Papadopoulos, Eva II-351
Malisano, Lia II-301 Papalambrou, Andreas II-351
Malosio, Matteo II-477 Park, Dong-Yeon II-360
Manduchi, Roberto I-380, I-399 Pedrocchi, Alessandra II-403, II-437
Martulli, Luca M. II-379, II-494 Pelka, Bastian II-161546 Author Index
Peng, Kunyu I-160 Saruggia, Maurizio II-301, II-534
Penna, Michele Francesco II-420 Scagnoli, Martina II-428
Peperoni, Emanuele II-453 Scheiffele, Stefan I-73
Perego, Paolo II-428 Schilling, Andreas II-121
Pesenti, Mattia II-403 Schmalfuß-Schwarz, Jan I-143, I-169
Petrie, Helen I-95, II-3, II-18, II-34, II-41, Schmeelk, Suzanna II-41
II-203, II-511 Schmidt, Albrecht I-295, II-484
Pierrès, Oriane II-335 Schmidt-Barzynski, Wolfgang I-468
Pigini, Lucia II-534 Schneider, Remo II-51
Pirovano, Ileana II-477 Schulz, Trenton II-211
Pissaloux, Edwige I-270 Schwarz, Thorsten I-38, I-73
Pittaccio, Simone II-379, II-395, II-469 Sharma, Sanjeev I-22
Pollastri, Jacopo II-113 Shen, Huiying I-253
Pozzi, Luca II-461 Shinoda, Moeka I-261
Shitara, Akihisa I-542
Ramella, Marina II-301, II-534 Sik-Lanyi, Cecilia II-67
Randeva, Harpal I-468 Simonetti, Emilio II-192
Rao, P. V. M. I-187 Sironi, Roberto II-428
Raucci, Maria Grazia II-395 Sit, Ianip I-536
Raya, Rafael II-226 Skeide Fuglerud, Kristin II-211
Raynal, Mathieu I-331, I-338 Soares Guedes, Leandro I-425
Redaelli, Davide Felice II-477 Soekadar, Surjo II-121
Reni, Gianluigi II-477 Söffgen, Yvonne II-176
Riga, Paraskevi I-56 Sorge, Volker I-22, I-30
Rivero-Espinosa, Jesica I-417 Soriente, Alessandra II-395
Rizzo, Giovanna II-477 Sorrentino, Andrea II-379, II-395, II-494
Robbins, Timothy I-468 Span, Stefania I-425
Rodriguez, Mario Covarrubias I-462, II-403 Spoladore, Daniele II-445
Rojo, Ana II-226 Standoli, Carlo Emilio II-428
Rollo, Gennaro II-379, II-395, II-494 Steinhoff, Antje I-468
Romanò, Jacopo II-379, II-395 Stewart, Alexander II-293
Romeo, Katerine I-270, I-278 Stiefelhagen, Rainer I-38, I-73, I-95, I-102,
Romoli, Elisabetta II-113 I-134, I-153, I-160, I-221, I-241
Ron-Angevin, Ricardo II-105 Stiegele, Dace II-351
Rosenberger, Werner II-3 Stöger, Bernhard I-47
Rosenthal, Danilo I-102 Storm, Fabio II-379, II-477
Rossini, Mauro II-379 Striegl, Julian I-169, I-432, I-451
Roveda, Loris II-403, II-461 Strobbe, Christophe II-6
Rovelli, Luigi II-403 Suárez-Figueroa, Mari Carmen I-417
Ryu, Se-Hui I-496 Subaşı, Özge II-505
Suzuki, Ippei I-542
Sacco, Marco II-445, II-477 Suzuki, Masakazu I-7, I-15
Saccomandi, Paola II-379, II-494 Suzuki, Takuya II-73
Sailer, Gabriel I-38
Sakajiri, Masatsugu II-79 Takacs, Christiane II-517
Salatino, Claudia II-301, II-534 Takashima, Keigo I-229
Salice, Fabio II-113, II-168 Takiuchi, Taishi I-355
Samaddar, Sanjit II-203 Tarabini, Marco II-379, II-437, II-494
Sánchez, Cristina II-226 Tauro, Giovanni II-477
Sanna, Nicole II-437 Teraguchi, Sayaka I-261Author Index 547
Terraroli, Maria II-428 Wells, Tian I-522
Teshima, Yoshinori I-261 Wenzel, Makarius I-47
Thevin, Lauren I-295, II-237 Whitfield, Margot I-529
Thompson, Hannah I-278 Wieland, Markus I-295
Ticli, Eleonora II-379 Wilkens, Leevke II-343
Trigili, Emilio II-420, II-453 Williams, Norman I-536
Trombetta, Alberto II-445 Wolfe, Rosalee I-505
Truong, Ngoc-Tan I-270 Wuttke, Laura II-176
Upadhyay, Vikas I-178, I-187 Xie, Chen II-34
Urendes, Eloy J. II-226
Yamaguchi, Katsuhito I-3, I-7, I-15
Valagussa, Giulio II-469 Yamamoto, Kenta I-542
Veigl, Christoph II-148 Yang, Kailun I-38, I-160
Velasco, Carlos A. I-468 Yeon, Seok-Jeong I-496
Velasco-Álvarez, Francisco II-105 Yoda, Ikushi I-363
Vella, Frédéric II-139 Yüksel, Mustafa I-468
Vigouroux, Nadine II-139
Vitiello, Nicola II-420, II-453 Zappe, Sebastian I-221
Vogler, Christian I-522, I-536 Zava, Francesco II-301
Vogt, Stefan II-247 Zhang, Jiaming I-160
Zimmermann, Gottfried I-371, II-6, II-51,
Wagner, Manuel II-148 II-89, II-121, II-411
Wasić, Catharina II-247 Zollo, Loredana II-420
Watanabe, Michiharu II-79 Zorn, Isabel II-310
Weber, Gerhard I-95, I-110, I-123, I-143, Zou, Jianling II-219
I-169, I-432, I-451, II-203 Zullo, Rosa II-395You can also read
