Earthmatters - How trees can help the climate crisis Dan Snow finds out why we need more trees - Friends of the Earth
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Earthmatters
From Friends of the Earth
Autumn 2019
How trees Plus
“Why I joined a
can help Climate Action
group”
the climate
How to stay green
crisis as the leaves
change colour
Dan Snow finds
out why we need
more trees
2 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 3
Comment Earthmatters Content snapshot
For over 30 years Earthmatters
has been delving into the
biggest environmental issues
and helping people adopt new
ways of doing things that are 10 Dan Snow
better for the planet.
takes us back
Front cover to our roots
Photo by: Jonathan Salariya
Earthmatters is published by
© Friends of the Earth
ISSN 956-665
August 2019
My hometown of While the UK has
Cambridge recorded suffered the 10 hottest Editor
Phil Byrne
the UK’s highest-ever years on record since
temperature in July. It not 2002, we know the world’s Design
only brought home the poorest countries are Diana Edwards Design
harsh reality of the climate facing some of the most
emergency, but also the severe impacts. As part of Advertising
Michael York – EMSM Ltd
urgency. The growing an international network,
scientific consensus is that "think global, act local" has The views expressed in
we must act in the next always been at the heart of Earthmatters are not necessarily
18 months if we want any how we campaign. those of Friends of the Earth.
chance of saving the planet. That’s why we’re
Friends of the Earth Limited,
Friends of the Earth has a empowering people registered in England and Wales,
long history of campaigning through a network of number 1012357.
against climate-wrecking Climate Action groups
projects in the UK. We’ve across the UK. Registered office:
139 Clapham Road,
helped block the opening Residents in Manchester London SW9 0HP
of coal mines, thwarted are developing a "Bee Switchboard: 020 7490 1555 6 Plastic scandal 15 T-shirt giveaway 18 “Why I joined a
fracking, and appealed Network" campaign to
Printed by Intygra
Why our plastic is being Circular fashion: putting Climate Action group”
against Heathrow’s reduce carbon pollution
Our paper is totally recycled and dumped on the streets the old into new. Jo Judges is no
expansion plans. Key to by improving cycling and
our printers hold EMAS certification of Indonesia. campaign activist.
each of these was a bunch walking routes. In doing so, which means they care about the So how did she feel
of dedicated people who they are tackling obesity, environment.
10 Dan Snow takes us after attending her
wanted a healthy future congestion and making
back to our roots first Climate Action
for their environment and travel more pleasant.
The renowned presenter group meeting?
community. We don’t have to wait for
speaks to experts
What we do now will politicians to act. If enough
and artists about the 22 Smarter living
determine the future of us take action at a local
magnificence of trees What’s in season as the
of our world. That’s a level, it can inspire a sea of
and their role in the nights draw in? And tips
difficult sentence to write, change across the nation
climate crisis. to stay warm.
especially as a parent. and internationally – from
16 Fracking success
But I’m optimistic because local to global.
How communities
we’re seeing solutions in Craig Bennett, in Lancashire are
action all over the UK. Chief Executive resisting fracking.
4 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 5
27 April 2019 1 July 2019
BREAKTHROUGH MOMENTS We trigger a wave of new Belfast City Council
Climate Action groups supports a campaign to
“…in the last 6 months of 6 March 2019 to create local solutions
to climate breakdown,
pull pension funds out of
coal, oil and gas. The local
More bad news for the
Friends of the Earth's fracking industry as the focusing on 6 main areas: government pension fund
transport, power, buildings, invests over £300 million
climate campaign ” government rejects a
proposed site at Roseacre agriculture, infrastructure in climate-wrecking fuels.
Wood. You’ve helped and international justice. We won over the council
us support Lancashire with media stunts,
residents who've been petitions and meetings
defending their local with councillors. Although
environment from fracking the council doesn't have
for 5 long years. the final say, it's a big step
Full story p.16. towards cleaner pensions.
7 February 2019 23 April 2019 1 May 2019
The government appears Swedish climate activist MPs vote in Parliament
to block the fracking Greta Thunberg backs up to declare a climate Our goal = convince the government to
industry from triggering our young campaigner emergency. It puts adopt our Climate Action Plan and:
larger earthquakes by Yusif Ibrahim as he asks a spotlight on the • AInvest
im for 100% clean energy.
ruling out a review of the MPs at Westminster government to reduce
• Doubleintree green and affordable transport.
regulations. Thank you to how they can vote to planet-warming emissions
• Ban frackingcover.
all our supporters who’ve
been writing to their MPs,
expand Heathrow when
climate chaos is already
at a much faster rate.
But on the very same day, • Fund insulationandandstopeco-heating
using dirty fuels.
urging them not to weaken devastating countries like the High Court dismisses • schemes.
the regulations. We’ll be his own, Ghana. It was a our case against a third
keeping up the pressure proud moment for Yusif, runway at Heathrow. • Oairport
ppose harmful infrastructure like
expansion.
on the new government. made possible by your We immediately appeal the
support for our My World decision on climate change • countriesfairdeal
P
ay our share to help vulnerable
with climate breakdown.
My Home programme to grounds. “It’s about more
empower young people. than a runway, it’s about a Help us make it happen foe.uk/em98-climate
Find out more p.8. future fit for our children,”
says our Chief Executive
Craig Bennett.
6 International News Earthmatters Autumn 2019 7
You’re part of a worldwide movement 3 French law used on oil giant
Friends of the Earth France and Friends of the Earth
1 Plastic’s hidden journey to Indonesia
Uganda have teamed up with other groups to send a
“Our plastic waste is polluting every aspect of their lives,” formal notice to Total, a French oil and gas company,
says campaigner Emma Priestland of her trip to Indonesia. about its activities in Uganda. It’s developing a huge oil
Surabaya is Indonesia's second biggest city. I've come here project – linked to the intimidation and forced eviction
to meet Prigi, a friend I've known for many years. of thousands of people. Under a French law that
We drive to a collection of small villages. As we approach, holds companies to account for human rights, Total
I’m hit by choking black smoke. In front of me is a five-metre- has to show it’s meeting its social and environmental
high dump of plastic waste. How did it get here? obligations, or victims can bring the issue before a judge.
Indonesia imports our waste paper for its recycling plants.
But there’s a problem. The machines that sort our recycling have “We fought to see this law passed.
difficulty distinguishing between flat pieces of paper and flat pieces This first case is a test to see if it does
of plastic. indeed allow us to prevent future
According to Prigi, when the Indonesian recycling factories find rogue human and environmental catastrophes,”
bits of plastic in their paper bales, they remove them, put them on a lorry
Juliette Renaud of Friends of the Earth.
and dump them here in the street.
I see a logo from the UK on the ground. It’s a milk label. 3
“When it rains a lot of this rubbish just gets swept
into the local rivers,” says a local resident. 4
Prigi takes me to a tofu factory. They’re using the same plastic waste
as fuel to prepare tofu. Fumes from the burning plastic are rising into
the area where the tofu is being prepared.
Read the full story and sign our petition to phase out pointless plastic
2
foe.uk/em98-plastic
3 1
Women’s
4 voices and energy security
Through training marginalised communities to install
Snapshots Our
2 water, our right
solar power, Friends of the Earth Palestine (PENGON)
discovered the disproportionate hardship women
from groups Friends of the Earth Nigeria (ERA) has stopped an
attempt by the Lagos state government to privatise
suffer because of energy scarcity. Here, women are
the main breadwinners. They produce and sell milk
around the the water supply. Visionscape Sanitation Solutions
was lined up to take on the contract. But ERA’s
products. Energy scarcity affects the quality of these
products, hitting income and leading to excessively
world campaign encouraged citizens to show how badly the
company was already managing waste in the city.
long work shifts. PENGON’s project is helping women
to take part in community decision-making, which is
As a result, the government took back control of empowering them to lead on acquiring renewables to
waste management and dropped its privatisation plans. solve their energy problems.
8 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 9
Saving a loved wildlife spot from a
damaging new road
1991 W
elsh Office of the UK
Empowering young people
After nearly 30 years of campaigning
against a new M4 relief road that would government proposes new road.
have bulldozed through protected habitats, 1993 Friends of the Earth starts
To date, 170 young people have “As young people we’re continually being we can finally celebrate a win for nature. campaign to defend landscape
completed our student programme silenced. The truth of the climate crisis is Building more roads creates more and wildlife.
My World My Home. continually being concealed. traffic, more air pollution and more planet- 1999 Powers devolved to newly
With your support, we’re training the “I will not stop striking until the warming gases. established Welsh government
next generation of government communicates The new motorway would have cut and National Assembly for Wales.
environmental leaders. the harsh reality of our through the Gwent Levels in south Wales. 2009 Deputy First Minister of Wales
And they’re already ecological crisis. It’s one of the UK’s most distinctive rejects plans for a new road.
“The My World
making a difference, “I will not stop striking landscapes and loved by local people.
from interrogating MPs
My Home course because Bangladesh, where Distinct field patterns, salt marshes and
2011 C
hancellor George Osborne
was the best thing backs the road, promising to
to getting their voices in my family comes from, is mudflats make up land reclaimed from the borrow money.
the media. I did in my whole one of the most vulnerable sea during Roman times.
2014 Welsh Transport Minister
The youth climate 2 years at sixth form.” countries at risk of complete Diverse birdlife includes everything from
approves plans.
strikes are a great Lili, London destruction due to the sparrowhawks to bitterns. And it’s one of
example of young impacts of climate change. the only habitats in Wales where the rare 2018 ( March) Public Inquiry closes
people organising “I will not stop striking Shrill carder bee thrives. and later recommends scheme
You may remember reading about should go ahead.
themselves to influence because climate change does
decision-makers. They ramped up the not favour a specific race, class, age or Wales’ Well-being of Future Generations 2018 ( December) Under public
pressure on Parliament to declare a gender. It will affect us all.” Act – a new law that Friends of the Earth pressure, First Minister Carwyn
climate emergency. Ummi Hoque, a recent Cymru led on winning. It undoubtedly Jones postpones the decision.
My World My Home graduate, spoke to us Hear Ummi’s full story influenced the decision to reject the road. 2019 ( June) New First Minister
about the strikes: foe.uk/em98-ummi Mark Drakeford rejects the new
road on cost and environmental
grounds.
10 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 11
1 | Mat Disney is a leading scientist on new
technology to observe trees. He’s also a
senior geography lecturer.
Dan: A tree is not just a tree, is it?
Mat: No, not at all. The more we learn about
trees, the more we realise we don’t know.
For the sake of our Take this beech tree – 80 to 100 years
wildlife and the old. How much carbon is stored in there?
We need to know how heavy it is. But how
climate we urgently
do you weigh a tree? We use satellites and
lasers to build a three-dimensional model.
If we know how dense the wood is, we can
need more trees estimate the mass. I’d say there is about 10
tonnes of carbon in there – half the weight
of the tree. It depends on who you are and
Dan Snow investigates where you are but (global average) this kind
of tree will absorb the equivalent to how
much fossil fuel an individual might use
over half their life, potentially.
The carbon is one thing that tends to be
focused on because it’s something we can
put a price on. People who live in areas that
have higher green space are healthier.
2 | Zakiya Mckenzie is a writer in residence
for the Forestry Commission.
History buff and presenter Dan Snow is Dan: What does that mean?
1 supporting our campaign to double tree 2
cover in the UK. Zakiya: Creatively writing and responding
In this special report Dan ventures into to the things I experience.
the forest to hear 5 different perspectives We need to connect trees to our cities a
on the importance of trees. lot more because trees are for everyone
to enjoy.
Some people feel excluded. A lot of it
is about class and culture and race, but
also I think it’s spatial as well. There are
probably a lot of people who just don’t feel
“We’re not some wild utopians. comfortable in a quiet space.
If we double tree cover in the We don’t want to have to go out into the
countryside to connect with nature – and
UK, we still won’t be up at the
then once back home we’re done with it for
European average.” the week. We want nature to be a thing that
is ingrained in people always.
12 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 13
3 | Sam Lee is a Mercury-Prize-nominated 4 | Andrew Simms is an economist and
folk singer and the creator of the Nest 3 author of several books including Cancel 4
Collective which connects people to The Apocalypse and Tescopoly.
nature through music.
Dan: Here we are in the New Forest, it’s
Dan: The noise of the forest is almost been a massive economic resource for
deafening. centuries, hasn’t it?
Sam: That concept of the peace of the Andrew: You could argue the British
countryside is nonsense, really. Empire was built on the resources of
What you get is this incredible orchestra this forest.
of sound, and when nature thins out, so The oaks that grow here were the
do the soundmakers. And what we’re backbone for ship building. It would take
experiencing in this country is that thinning about 2,000 mature oaks to make one.
out of our ecosystem. They had to take a long view of their
We’re losing our birdsong – all of us have economic value.
to work our absolute hardest to turn that In a world that is getting increasingly
around. hotter, those benefits become more
We are part of nature. For us to protect and more.
it, we need to understand it. To understand Forest cover helps insulate us, it creates
it we have to fall in love with it. Music is a a buffer against extreme weather.
wonderful way of connecting us to places And Britain imports an awful lot of wood
like this. and wood products.
5
Doubling tree cover is such a beautiful Having more forest is incredibly good for
and poetic way we can put our energies people’s health. You’ve got this mixture of
into something productive and change the hard economic benefits, incredible social
world we live in. benefits – and of course, just the pure
pleasure of being out in a beautiful wood
that makes Britain a better place if it’s got
more trees.
5 | Lynne Boddy is an ecologist leading
the Fungal Ecology Group at Cardiff
University.
Dan: What’s going on with this tree?
Lynne: You can see that it’s hollow.
Fungi are rotting that wood and releasing
nutrients so that the tree can use them
again. These holes are important habitats.
In the UK there about 1,700 species of
invertebrates entirely dependent on
decaying holes in trees.
So it’s important to also ensure the
wellbeing of our ancient trees. The trees
we plant now won’t get into this state till
long after we’ve gone.
Earthmatters Autumn 2019 15
Finding the land to
higher, literally, we should
be creating more forests Can a t-shirt fight climate breakdown,
double tree cover
in remote upland areas to
provide space for nature and help nature thrive?
and reduce the risk of
flooding downstream. Ours can.
We need to think closer
Woodland covers 13% to home too. Greening
of the UK – roughly 70% urban areas by planting Look good. Do good. Inspire others.
of the rest is farmland. more street trees offers
multiple benefits: providing Buying our organic
If we’re going to double
shade, countering air cotton t-shirts, hoodies
tree cover, we’ll need
pollution and improving or tote bags supports
to convert some of this
people’s physical and our campaigns.
farmland into woodland.
mental health.
Another bold move Benefits:
would be to expand
our woodlands into the
• 100% organic cotton
Green Belts surrounding • Dtheonation to Friends of
most of our cities. Green Earth
Belts are protected from
development, so tree • M ade with renewable
planting wouldn’t be energy and printed on
It would take 237 years to more mixed farms, where competing with house demand (so no waste)
double tree cover in the UK livestock improves soils building.
if we continue planting at by grazing and trampling Doubling tree cover in • Plastic-free packaging
the current rate. on grass plants (which are the UK is possible and the
To tackle the climate then left to recover). UK has the land available to
emergency and nature loss, Imagine planting trees do it.
Friends of the Earth wants alongside crops, or as
to double UK woodland shelter for livestock – How to double tree
WIN
cover by 2045. But is there known as agroforestry. cover in England AN ORGANIC
space? And where’s best to
grow all those trees?
Using land in this way also
has great potential for
• lant on 1 million acres
P
of Grade 4 (poor-quality)
COTTON T-SHIRT
If we continue to shift increasing tree cover while farmland near where
our diets to eating less supporting sustainable people live.
and better meat and dairy, farming. So too does the
we’ll be able to free up a restoration of species-rich • AGrade
nd on 3 million acres of
4 land in remote For a chance to win a
lot of land that’s currently meadows and grasslands, areas. Don’t be square –
used for pasture, especially many of which have been
t-shirt of your choice,
We’ll pick be circular
• Eadd
xpand agroforestry to visit
5
low-grade rough pasture lost over the past century When your product wears
and cropland that’s used for as a result of agricultural
700,000 acres more
tree cover.
foe.uk/Tshirtgiveaway
and answer the simple
lucky out, Teemill can recycle
livestock feed.
Picture a smaller
intensification.
But not everywhere • T=otal additional tree cover question by midnight, winners it into its range of new
t-shirts. That’s what we
livestock population is suitable – planting on 4.7 million acres (15% of at random. call circular fashion.
grazing on higher-quality, peat bog can damage the England’s land). 20 October 2019.
Just return your old
more species-rich pasture; ecosystem and lead to soil Visit our Insight website garment and you’ll get
fewer intensive pig and carbon being released. for further analysis
£5 credit for your efforts.
poultry mega-farms; and Setting our sights foe.uk/em98-insight
Earthmatters Autumn 2019 17
“It has made our
community stronger The Women
as we all united. in White
We had volunteers
and supporters Elsewhere in Lancashire,
Women’s Wednesdays have
in abundance.” become a regular feature of the
protest against fracking.
Local women calmly walk to
the gates of the fracking site
at Preston New Road. They
dress in white and stand in
silence – bearing witness to the
threat to their communities and
the environment. It was their
hundredth gathering in July.
Seismologists detected
Barbara Richardson
(right) chair of Roseacre
57
Saving the climate: Awareness Group. earthquakes when Cuadrilla
started fracking at the site
local people versus fracking last year.
In March, fracking firm Cuadrilla lost a Help local communities under
planning appeal to start work at the threat of fracking by taking
Roseacre Wood in Lancashire. our online action:
The Roseacre Awareness Group (RAG) has foe.uk/em98-fracking
been resisting fracking for over 5 years.
Local resident and member of the group
Barbara Richardson was both delighted
and relieved. The win against fracking in
Roseacre shows that people
“We knew we weren’t alone. can make a difference when
Organisations such as Friends it comes to protecting and
even improving their local
of the Earth have supported us.” environment. It also shows
“To extract shale gas
how vital community action is
in a commercial capacity in decarbonising the UK and
In the end, RAG beat fracking over
concerns about the thousands of journeys would make it almost winning the battle against
that heavy goods vehicles would be making impossible to meet our climate chaos.
along narrow country lanes to and from climate change targets. Next up:
the fracking site. But to Barbara and other It would mean industrialising People taking
residents, it was about more than just our countryside.” Climate Action
transport.
18 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 19
What are
Who can join?
Climate Anyone fed up watching the
Action
UK sleepwalk into climate
chaos. Bigger and more
“Why I joined a Climate groups?
diverse groups are likely to
enjoy more success.
Action group” So even if you can’t commit
much time, you can still
make a difference.
They’re people developing
local solutions to the climate
crisis to create fairer,
greener communities.
As part of a network,
they’re pushing the
government to adopt a
national climate plan to
make the big changes we
urgently need.
Jo Judges is a healthcare “Going to the meeting Joining her Climate
assistant. Her main helped. We were asked what Action group has left
occupation is caring for the we wanted to tackle, rather her feeling positive and
elderly. But recently she’s than trying to do everything. pragmatic.
become deeply concerned It gave us structure.
about the climate crisis “There were so many “Open your eyes
and what her two teenage different people. One and see what’s going
daughters will have to woman said she rang on around you.
contend with. Sainsbury's to let the store
Earlier this year she know she’d be opening
Who’s dealing with
attended her first Climate products wrapped in plastic this? Why does
Action group meeting. and leaving the packaging that happen?
at the store.”
“I feel overwhelmed Jo says that people are “Don’t think you haven’t
got something to give. If we
How many are there?
by so many things her number one concern. We had
She’s hoping to find a way all start saying something,
going wrong in the
world. Where do
to get the council to use
empty buildings to house
maybe we can change
things. 44 groups
you begin? the homeless. That said, “You can’t immediately
at the time Earthmatters
My youngest comes she realises how vital a make massive changes
went to print.
home and says we’ve healthy environment is for like stopping whaling. But We're aiming for How do I join or find
got until 2030. everyone. you can sort little ones out out more?
The clock is ticking. “Unless you try to help
save the environment, there
locally that then add up.”
200
within the next year.
Visit our website:
foe.uk/em98-action-
won’t be anything else left groups
to save.”20 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 21
6 climate fixes your How to influence your local authority
6 local authority could
act on straight away 1
Check your local authority
website to find out who
2
Write a polite letter
explaining the problem
3
Make a phone call.
Be friendly and focus on
you need to contact. and solution in simple your concern and the
terms. solution.
1
4 5 Being part of a diverse
6 2 Climate Action group will
increase your influence
Tweet but don’t spam or over local decision-
Arrange to meet in person.
troll. Fact check before makers.
Meetings are short so
sharing news.
Identify whether every focus on no more than For more advice visit
council recommendation 3 key messages. foe.uk/em98-lobbying
would help or hinder
climate, air pollution and
Get schools, hospitals and nature plans. Introduce workplace
others to design menus parking charges to fund
containing more plant- better and cleaner public
based options – using less transport and cycling.
and better meat. Why join a Climate
Action group?
Most local authorities are doing far too little about the climate Climate Action groups
emergency. Some are even making decisions that will increase are for people from all
planet-warming emissions. We need them to listen and act. walks of life who want
to solve the problems
in their communities
5 3 that are contributing
to climate breakdown
– as well as working
with others across the
country on a national
climate action plan.
By starting a Climate
Action group or by signing
Double tree cover on 4 Roll out charging points to your existing group up
to the Climate Action
council-owned land and enable the rapid shift to
ensure existing trees are Pinpoint spots for electric vehicles. network, you’ll become
properly protected. renewable energy in the part of a movement so
local plan and oppose coal, powerful that our leaders
oil and gas extraction. will have to act.22 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 23
Smarter living
How to stay green as
the leaves change colour
1. SEASON YOUR FOOD
Heads up, foodies. Hearty 5. WINTER WARMER:
soups, stews and pies are Heat apple juice with a pinch
back on the menu – and of nutmeg, orange peel and
they taste even better when sugar to taste. Serve in a
prepared with seasonal 2. BEE MINDFUL OF OTHERS mug with a cinnamon stick
veggies like leeks, potatoes, (and an optional glug of
parsnips, kale, carrots, chard brandy).
and beetroot. Apples are Bees need nectar from very
also back. Buy British and as early spring until early winter
local as you can. – some even need food
during winter. Help them out
with one of our Bee Saver
Kits. Get one today at
foe.uk/em98-bee-kit
Shop for cozy knitwear on
websites like eBay instead
of buying new. 6. Thinking ahead:
Leave the weather outside.
plastic or real Christmas tree?
Draught-proofing around
windows and doors could
cut £20 off your energy bill. If you’ve got a fake tree,
Read our article on heating reuse it for as long as you
for more tips: can. Plastic trees take a lot
foe.uk/em98-heating of energy to make and most
aren’t recyclable. As for real
ones, get a potted tree with
3. GET OVER DRAUGHTS roots so you can replant it.
Or rent one – some garden
centres will deliver a live
potted tree, which they’ll
collect after Christmas.
4. SHOP SMARTEarthmatters Autumn 2019 25
Hannah’s Happiness Project
Hannah Kern is cycling from
Trees provide us with vital services.
Vietnam back to London to raise
awareness of environmental and
How valuable are they?
social issues – as well as money Question 1 Question 3 Question 6
for our campaigns. Hannah's London’s trees do a lot for According to a study by How do you weigh a tree
11,000-mile bike ride will take the city’s residents, from Manchester University, how without chopping it down?
two years, passing through Asia, filtering air pollution to many degrees cooler were a. Use lasers
the Middle East and Europe. mitigating floods. These concrete surfaces under b. Eyeball it
hannahshappinessproject.com/ free “ecosystem services” permanent tree cover? c. Compare it to nearby
are valued at how much a a. 5°C objects
year? b. 19°C
Question 7
a. £450,000 c. 24°C
How much carbon dioxide
b. £1 million
Question 4 (CO2) does a hectare of
c. £130 million
Supporter spotlight Question 2
A study by Lancaster
University found that silver
trees remove each year?
The same as:
If you’re ever in the birch trees planted in front a. 1 typical family car will
wilderness and need to of houses trapped what produce in a year
We’ve received some for Friends of the Earth. make a reliable piece of percentage of particle b.4 typical family cars will
incredible stories of Deep in training, she told us, rope, which tree’s bark pollution? produce in a year
supporters attempting would provide you with the a. 10% c.14 typical family cars will
the craziest things to “I’ve spent the past fibres you need? b. 30% produce in a year
raise money for Friends year making lots of a. Lime c. More than 50%
of the Earth, including small changes in b. Silver birch Need some inspiration?
somersaulting backwards Question 5
my life to be kinder c. Beech Head to our website:
for a mile. Trees are vital habitats for
foe.uk/em98-trees
From tackling the Three to the planet. many species. How many
Peaks challenge to asking Now, I want to take species of invertebrates
for donations instead of Designs to run on a bigger personal exist in a tree hollow?
birthday presents, we love Lorna McEvoy is part of an a. 300
challenge.”
everything you’re doing to eco-friendly interior-design b. 1,700
help us create a cleaner, collective at the House Of c. 10,000
PS. We’d love to hear what
fairer world. Hackney. This year Lorna
you think about our new
For fundraising tips visit and her colleagues are techniques, Dr Mathias days.
smaller magazine. and by public transport.
foe.uk/em98-fundraising running the Royal Parks journeys on foot and bike,
airborne laser scanning more comfortable on hot
half-marathon in London supportercare@foe.co.uk we need to make more
of ground-based and can make our lives a lot
6. (a) Using a combination 3. (b) It shows how trees
as planting lots of trees
20 tonnes. So as well of other species. and rope making.
Work For Good allows For every crumble sold forest sequesters about make it a home to hundreds source of fibres for cordage
small businesses to she donates 20p to CO2 a year. A hectare of fungi decaying the tree to history been an important
donate to charity without Friends of the Earth. emits about 5 tonnes of hollows are a sign of the lime trees has throughout
endless form-filling.
“With every
a typical passenger car Lynne Boddy points out, 2. (a) The inner bark of
It’s helped us link up
crumble, I thought
7. (b) In very general terms, 5. (b) As ecologist
with Kimberley Innes of pounds.
Humble Crumble, a street about how I down. tyre wear, and road dust. hundreds of millions of
baker who makes epically
could reduce CO2
without chopping them exhausts, brake-pad and natural services worth
boozy fruit pies.
and waste.”
method for weighing trees usually come from car 1. (c) London’s trees provide
Disney has developed a 4. (c) These pollutants Answers26 Earthmatters Autumn 2019 27
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