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Entrepreneurship Monitor
2018 / 2019
Global
Acknowledgments
ReportMonitor
Entrepreneurship
Global onMonitor
Entrepreneurship Switzerland
Suisse
2018 / 2019
For a study of this scope, an extra- elements of this report are based
ordinary contribution on the part of on the results of the global report
many individuals is necessary. Most written by Niels Bosma, Stephen
Report on Switzerland
importantly, the authors would like Hill, Aileen Ionescu-Somers, Donna
to thank Project Managers, Raphaël Kelley, Jonathan Levie, and Anna
Gaudart and Gabriel Simonet, for Tarnawa of the Global Entrepreneur-
their efficient and effective coordi- ship Research Association GERA –
nation at the School of Management Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
Fribourg (HEG-FR). 2019 / 20 Global Report.
The authors are also grateful to The report is available online at
GEM project’s coordination team, www.gemconsortium.org and at
in particular, Chris Aylett, Jonathan www.heg-fr.ch/GEM. All data used
Carmona, Alicia Coduras, Slavica in this report are collected and pro-
Singer and Forrest Wright, as well cessed centrally by the GEM con-
as the sponsors of the GEM project sortium. The authors have exclusive
at Babson College, Babson Park, responsibility for evaluating and in-
MA (USA) and the Korea Entrepre- terpreting the data.
neurship Foundation, Korea. Some
Entrepreneuriat et
semi-confinement 2020 HAUTE ÉCOLE DE GESTION
HOCHSCHULE FÜR WIRTSCHAFT
Fribourg
Freiburg
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
1
Global Entrepreneurship
Management
Management Summary Monitor
Summary//Key
Key Results
Results
Suisse
Entrepreneuriat et
The
The School
School of
(HEG-FR),
(HEG-FR), member
of Management
Management Fribourg
member of of the
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the University
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perception
perception of
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the previous
of capabilities
capabilities than
previous years
years (2018:
than in
(2018: 36.3
in
36.3%;
%;
semi-confinement 2020
of
ofApplied
AppliedSciences
Switzerland
Sciencesand
Switzerland(HES-SO),
andArtsArtsWestern
(HES-SO),collected
Western
collecteddata
data
2017:
2017: 42.1
ception
42.1%)
ception of
%) but
but Switzerland’s
Switzerland’s per-
of capabilities
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below the
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for
forthe
theinternational
internationalGlobalGlobalEntrepre-
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European benchmark,
benchmark, and and clearly
clearly
neurship
neurship Monitor
Monitor (GEM).
(GEM). 20152015 tele-
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behind thethe very
very strong
strong belief
belief of
of
phone
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interviews and and 36 36 talks
talks with
with Americans
Americans in in their
their own
own capacity
capacity to
to
experts
experts revealed
revealed entrepreneurial
entrepreneurial start
start aa business
business (65.5
(65.5%).
%). The
The same
same
attitudes,
attitudes, activities
activities andand aspirations,
aspirations, is
istrue
trueof
ofpeople
peoplein inSlovenia,
Slovenia,Canada,
Canada,
and
and identified
identified thethe factors
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andUK.UK.
ing
ing the
the type
type and
and extent
extent of of the
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activities.TheThe 2019
2019//2020 The
2020The entrepreneurial
entrepreneurial intentions
intentions of of
Global
Global Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship Monitor MonitorSwiss
Swiss inhabitants
inhabitants are are higher
higher thanthan
Report
Reporton onSwitzerland
Switzerlandillustrates
illustratesna- in
in previous
na- previous years,
years, but
but still
still below
below thethe
tional
tional differences
differences in in entrepreneurial
entrepreneurial average
average of of high-income
high-income economies,
economies,
activity
activity11 between
between economies,
economies, reveal- contrasting
reveal-contrastingsharply
sharplywithwithpeople
peoplein inIs-
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ing
ing the
the factors
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that determine
determine the rael
raelor
the orRepublic
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Korea.Perceptions
Perceptions
nature
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entrepre-and intentions
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neurial
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andidentifying
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the challenge
policy challenge being
being toto see
see entrepre-
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implications
implications for for enhancing
enhancing entrepre- neurship
entrepre-neurship as as aa good
good career
career choice.
choice.
neurship
neurshipin inSwitzerland.
Switzerland. Only
Only 40.2
40.2% % view
view entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship
as
as anan interesting
interesting pathway
pathway for for one’s
one’s
Impressum
Self-perception
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about professional
professional future future compared
compared to to
Baldegger, R.,
Entrepreneurship
EntrepreneurshipWild P., Gaudart, R., Simonet,
85.8G.
85.8% (2021).
% in in Netherlands
Netherlands or or 69.2
69.2% % inin
Perception
Perception of of opportunities
opportunities is is at
at aa Canada.
Canada. On On the
the other
other side,
side, the
the sta-
sta-
Entrepreneuriat
low
low level,
level, with et semi-confinement
with those
those interviewed
interviewed inin 2020,
tus
tusofofaasuccessful
successfulentrepreneur
entrepreneurand and
Haute
Spain école de gestion
Spain recognizing
recognizing the Fribourg
the fewest (HEG-FR),
fewest entre-
entre- Fribourg.
media
media attention
attention for for entreprenership
entreprenership
preneurial
preneurial opportunities.
opportunities. Switzer-
Switzer- are areatataagood
goodlevel,
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andfear
fearof offailure
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Mars
land 2021
land shows,
shows, with
with 49.2
49.2%,%, aa higher
higher is islower
lowerthanthanininprevious
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years.
Haute école de gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR) ; www.heg-fr.ch
Haute école spécialisée
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de Suisseonoccidentale (HES-SO)
11
Entrepreneurshipisn’t
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aboutfocusing
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66
2Résumé
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Foraeffets
Les
For astudy
studydu ofofsemi-confinement
thisscope,
this scope,an anextra-
extra-
au elements
Les expertsofof
elements ont this
this report
évalué
report are based
based
positivement
are
ordinarycontribution
printemps/été
ordinary contribution
2020 sur onthe
on thecompor-
le partofof
part laoncapacité
on theresults
the results ofofthe
d‘adaptationtheglobal
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entre-
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tement
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des jeunes isisnecessary.
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entreprises Most
ont
Most written by
preneurs.
written byEn Niels
Niels Bosma, Stephen
comparaison
Bosma, Stephen
inter-
importantly,
été perceptibles
importantly, theauthors
the authors
dans wouldlike
la would
mesure like
où Hill,Aileen
Aileen
nationale,
Hill, Ionescu-Somers,
laIonescu-Somers,
coopération entre Donna
les
Donna
iltothank
to thank
s’est Project
avéré
Project plusManagers, Raphaël
difficile Raphaël
Managers, pour les Kelley, Jonathan
nouvelles
Kelley, Jonathan
entreprises Levie,en
Levie, andexpan-
and Anna
Anna
Gaudart and
fondateurs
Gaudart and Gabriel Simonet,
d’identifier
Gabriel Simonet,
des opportu- for
for Tarnawa
sion
Tarnawaet lesofofthe
theGlobal
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entreprises Entrepreneur-
établies se
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nités
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d‘affaires and
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ship Research
tout aussi Association .GERA
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theSchool Cela s‘est
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Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship Monitor
Monitor
accompagné
Fribourg(HEG-FR).
Fribourg d‘une peur accrue de
(HEG-FR). elles
2019sont
2019 / /20 également
20Global
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Report.
Report.
l‘échec. En outre, les jeunes entre- par rapport à d‘autres pays, ces
prises
The existantes
The authors
authors are ont
are also
also poursuivi
gratefuldes
grateful toto derniers
The report
The report obtenant toutefois
isis available
available online un
online atat
objectifs
GEM project’s
GEM de croissance
project’s moins team,
coordination
coordination ambi-
team, meilleur résultat en regardand
www.gemconsortium.org
www.gemconsortium.org de cer-
and atat
tieux
in que l‘année
inparticular,
particular, Chrisprécédente.
Chris Aylett,Jonathan
Aylett, Jonathan tains aspects.
www.heg-fr.ch/GEM.
www.heg-fr.ch/GEM. All data
All data used
used
Carmona, Alicia
Carmona, Alicia Coduras,
Coduras, Slavica
Slavica ininthis
thisreport
reportare
arecollected
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andpro-
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Singer and
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apparemment
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by the
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sponsors ofofthe une
theGEMGEMopportu-
project
project sortium.The
sortium. Theauthors
authorshave
haveexclusive
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nité.
at Le taux de
at Babson
Babson création
College,
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Babson
Babson Park,
Park, responsibilityfor
responsibility forevaluating
evaluatingand
andin-
in-
Total
MAMA (USA) Entrepreneurial
(USA) and the
and the KoreaActivity
Korea (TEA),
Entrepre-
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data.
n‘a été que
neurship
neurship légèrement Korea.
Foundation,
Foundation, inférieur à ce-
Korea. Some
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lui de 2019 (9,24% en 2020 et 9,77%
en 2019).
1
Les troisième et quatrième trimestres de 2020 ont également vu davantage de créations d‘entreprises en
Suisse.
1311. IntroductionSummary
Management
Management Summary//Key
Key Results
Results
The
The School
School of of Management
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perception of of capabilities
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(HEG-FR),
(HEG-FR), member
member of of the
the University
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the previous
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ception of
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neurship
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of création d’entreprise.
high-income
high-income economies,
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activityse
activity 11 faisaient déjà sentir.
between
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ing
ing the
the factors
factors thatthat determine
determine the the rael
raelororRepublic
Republicof ofKorea.
Korea.Perceptions
Perceptions
nature
natureand andlevel
levelof ofnational
nationalentrepre-
entrepre- and
and intentions
intentions are are combined,
combined, with with
neurial
neurialactivity,
activity,andandidentifying
identifyingpolicypolicy the
the challenge
challenge being being to to see
see entrepre-
entrepre-
implications
implications for for enhancing
enhancing entrepre-
entrepre- neurship
neurship as as aa good
good career
career choice.
choice.
neurship
neurshipin inSwitzerland.
Switzerland. Only
Only 40.2
40.2% % viewview entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship
as
as anan interesting
interesting pathwaypathway for for one’s
one’s
Self-perception
Self-perceptionabout
about professional
professional future future compared
compared to to
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship 85.8
85.8% % inin Netherlands
Netherlands or or 69.2
69.2% % in in
Perception
Perception of of opportunities
opportunities isis at
at aa Canada.
Canada. On On the
the other
other side,
side, the
the sta-
sta-
low
low level,
level, with
with those
those interviewed
interviewed inin tus
tusofofaasuccessful
successfulentrepreneur
entrepreneurand and
Spain
Spain recognizing
recognizing the
the fewest
fewest entre-
entre- media
media attention
attention for for entreprenership
entreprenership
preneurial
preneurial opportunities.
opportunities. Switzer-
Switzer- are
areatataagood
goodlevel,
level,and
andfearfearof offailure
failure
land
land shows,
shows, with
with 49.2
49.2%,
%, aa higher
higher is
islower
lowerthanthanin inprevious
previousyears.years.
11
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurshipisn’t
isn’tonly
onlyabout
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onthe
thestart-up
start-upphase,
phase,but
butalso
alsoabout
aboutbeing
beingseen
seenas
asaa
mindset
mindsetin
inyoung,
young,growing,
growing,mature
maturecompanies,
companies,or
orcompanies
companiesgoing
goingthrough
throughchange.
change.
66
42. Changement dans le comportement
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
entrepreneurial : enquête auprès de la
population
Foraastudy
For studyofofthis
2
thisscope,
scope,an
anextra-
extra- elements
elements ofof this
this report
report are
are based
based
ordinarycontribution
ordinary contributionon onthethepart
partofof ononthe
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resultsofofthe theglobal
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manyindividuals
Bien
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qu’au isnecessary.
sein isde necessary. Most
la population,
Most written
Bien que by
written laby„peurNielsde
Niels Bosma, Stephen
l‘échec“Stephen
Bosma, fluctue
importantly,
l‘activité
importantly, theauthors
the authorswould
entrepreneuriale would like
n‘ait like
pas Hill,Aileen
fortement
Hill, Aileen d‘uneIonescu-Somers,
année à l‘autre,
Ionescu-Somers, Donna
elle
Donna
totothank
thankde
changé Project
manière
Project Managers,
Managers, Raphaël
significative
Raphaëlpar Kelley,
était
Kelley,encoreJonathan
Jonathan Levie,le
à son niveau
Levie, and
andplus Anna
bas
Anna
Gaudart àand
rapport
Gaudart and Gabriel
l‘année
Gabriel Simonet,plu-
précédente,
Simonet, for
for de Tarnawa
23,8% of
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theGlobal
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dernière.Entrepreneur-
A la questi-
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s‘il Association
serait GERA
facile GERA
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et theSchool
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perceptions Management
à l‘égard uneGlobal
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en Suisse, 55,5%
Entrepreneurship Monitor
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personnes
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manière significative trois mois par l‘affirmative, soit 9% de moins
The authors
après
The authors
le début are
are also
dealso grateful to
la pandémie
grateful to
en The report
qu‘en
The report
2019. isis available
Malgré available
la crise du online atat
corona-
online
Suisse.
GEM L’identification
GEM project’s
project’s des oppor-
coordination
coordination team,
team, virus, 7,3% de la population adulte
www.gemconsortium.org
www.gemconsortium.org and en
and atat
tunités
ininparticular,
particular,d’affaires
ChrisAylett,
Chris (« Opportunity
Aylett, Jonathan
Jonathan âge de travailler interrogée
www.heg-fr.ch/GEM.
www.heg-fr.ch/GEM. a
All data
All toujours
data used
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Carmona, Alicia
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Alicia si les Slavica
Coduras,
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ininthis
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reportde are créer une entreprise
arecollected
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and pro-
nes
Singer
Singer interrogées
and Forrest
and perçoivent
Forrest Wright,une
Wright, as bon-
as well
well dans les trois
cessed
cessed prochaines
centrally
centrally byby the
theannées (voir
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asthe
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leur
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mois,
neurship
neurship est passée de 40,6%
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Korea.
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26,7% en 2020. Cela doit être con-
sidéré comme d‘autant plus drama-
tique que ce chiffre se situe généra-
lement entre 35% et un peu moins
de 50%. Depuis 2011, l’identification
des opportunités n‘est pas tombée
en dessous de 40%. Environ un tiers
(33,4%) des personnes ayant décla-
ré avoir identifié des opportunités
d‘affaires disent que la peur de
l‘échec les empêche d‘agir réellement
sur l‘opportunité.
2
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151Management
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perception avec
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ception of of capabilities
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Monitor (GEM).
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experts
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25%
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66Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Foraastudy
Figures
For study
2 et 3 :ofofthis
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par les jeunes ofof this
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ordinary
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171Management
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66
8Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Foraastudy
Figure
For 4study ofofthis
thisscope,
: Opportunités scope,an
d’affaires an extra- de la
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de this report
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importantly,the
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AileenIonescu-Somers,
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and Anna
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11
Entrepreneurship
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66
10Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
Foraastudy
For studypour
meilleures ofofthis
this scope,en
scope,
la Suisse antermes
an extra-
extra- elements
elements
Avec un scoreofof this
this report
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ordinary
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nouvelles opportunités d’affaires. GERA ––
GERA
Ilnation
nation atatthe
convient thetoutefois
Schoolofofde
School Management
Management
noter que Global Entrepreneurship
Global
Identifier Entrepreneurship
des opportunités pendant Monitor
Monitor
Fribourg
Fribourg
les (HEG-FR).
(HEG-FR).
différences entre pays sont par- 2019
2019
une / /20
20Global
pandémie Global est Report.
Report.
un défi, mais l‘ex-
fois considérables et que certains périence nous a appris qu‘une crise
The authors
The authors
montrent uneare are also
alsod‘adaptation
capacité grateful toto
grateful The report
The
apporte report isis available
toujours available online atat
online
des possibilités.
GEM project’s
GEM project’s
nettement coordination team,
coordination
meilleure. team, www.gemconsortium.org and
www.gemconsortium.org and atat
ininparticular,
particular,Chris
ChrisAylett,
Aylett,Jonathan
Jonathan www.heg-fr.ch/GEM.
www.heg-fr.ch/GEM.
En ce qui concerne la Allcoopération
All data used
data used
Carmona,
Carmona,
En Aliciaavec
Alicia
comparaison Coduras,
Coduras, Slavica
Slavica
les pays sélec- ininthis
dans this
des report
report arecollected
are
activités collected
globalesandand pro-
et pro-
so-
Singer
Singer and
and Forrest
Forrest Wright,
Wright, as
as
tionnés, une divergence est frappante well:
well cessed
cessed centrally
centrally byby the
the
ciales ainsi que dans les défis et GEM
GEM con-
con-
asasthe
les the sponsors
sponsors
experts ofofthe
suisses the GEMproject
GEM project
constatent une sortium.The
sortium.
propositions Theauthors
enauthors haveexclusive
lien have
avec exclusive
la crise
atat Babson
Babson College,
coopération College,
plus Babson
Babson
étroite Park,
entrePark,
nou- responsibility
responsibility
sanitaire, les for forevaluating
evaluating
experts andin-
and
attribuent in-
à
MAMA (USA)
(USA)
velles and the
and the en
entreprises Korea
Korea Entrepre-
Entrepre-
croissance et terpreting
terpreting
la the data.
the data.
Suisse encore une fois un score
neurship
neurship Foundation,
Foundation, Korea.
Korea.
entreprises établies en raison de la Some
Some médiocre. Avec un score de 5,92,
pandémie de COVID-19. Une valeur de elle se situe juste au-dessus de la
6,39 est enregistrée pour la Suisse, moyenne de 5,81, mais reste loin der-
ce qui est nettement supérieur à la rière les pays les plus performants.
moyenne (5,56) des pays comparés. Bien que diverses tendances rela-
La gestion commune de la crise met tives à la durabilité et aux défis
en évidence la solidarité entre start- mondiaux se manifestent de plus en
up, PME et grandes entreprises. plus fortement, les PME interrogées
Elle confirme la thèse selon laquelle, semblent soit ne pas encore s‘en
en Suisse, l‘importance d‘un écosystè- rendre compte véritablement, soit
me entrepreneurial peut être la clé du l‘ignorer.
succès et d‘une croissance constante.
4
Allemagne, Israël, Italie, Lettonie, Luxembourg, Pays-Bas, Norvège, Autriche, Suède, Slovénie, Espagne,
États-Unis, Royaume-Uni
11
11Management
Management Summary
Summary//Key
Key Results
Results
The
The School
School of of Management
Management Fribourg Fribourg perception
perception of of capabilities
capabilities than than in in
(HEG-FR),
(HEG-FR), member member of of the
the University
University the the previous
previous years years (2018:
(2018: 36.3 36.3%; %;
of
ofApplied
3.2 Applied
Évaluation Sciences
Sciences and
andArts
ArtsWestern
de l‘environnement Western des 2017:
2017: 42.1
42.1%)
entreprises %) but
but Switzerland’s
Switzerland’s per- per-
Switzerland
Switzerland(HES-SO), (HES-SO),collected
collecteddata data •ception
ception of
À la suiteof capabilities
capabilities
de la pandémie is
is below
de the
below the
for
forthe
theinternational
Depuis international
le début de Global
Global Entrepre-
Entrepre- European
la pandémie, COVID-19,benchmark,
European benchmark,
le gouvernement and
and aclearly
clearly
neurship
neurship
les mesures Monitor
Monitor (GEM).
(GEM). au
adoptées 2015
2015 tele-
tele- behind
niveau behind the
the very
considérablement very strong
strong
augmenté belief
la of
belief of
phone
phone interviews
national interviews and
and 36
par les gouvernements 36 talks
talks with ont Americans
with Americans
digitalisationin
in their
their own
own capacity
des règlements capacity to to
experts
experts
été au centre revealed
revealed entrepreneurial
dans tous start
entrepreneurial
de l‘intérêt pouraales
start business
business
entreprises(65.5 %).
%). The
(65.5nouvellesThe same
same
attitudes,
attitudes,
les pays. Les activities
activities
experts anddesaspirations,
and différents is
aspirations, true
iset en of
true ofpeople
peoplein
croissance. inSlovenia,
Slovenia,Canada,
Canada,
and
and identified
pays ont évaluéthe
identified les factors
the factors influenc-
mesures gouver- –Australia,
influenc- CH 5,36 ;and
Australia, and UK.
UK. des pays
moyenne
ing
ing the
the type
nementales type and and extent
sur extent
la base of the
ofde entre-
thequatre
entre- sélectionnés 5,21
preneurial
preneurial activities.
thématiques: activities.The The 2019
2019//2020 2020 The The entrepreneurial
entrepreneurial intentions intentions of of
Global
Global Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship Monitor Swiss
Swiss inhabitants
Monitor L‘évaluation inhabitants
des mesuresare
are higher
higher than
gouverne-than
Report
•Report on
onSwitzerland
Le gouvernementSwitzerland illustrates
illustrates
a décrété desna- in
in previous
na- mentalesprevious years,
par years, but
but still
les experts below
stillvarie
below the
gran-the
tional
tional
mesuresdifferences
differences
pour protégerin
in entrepreneurial
entrepreneurial
les employés dement average
averaged‘un of
of high-income
pays à l‘autre,economies,
high-income economies,
certaines
activity
activity 11
between
between
et les clients des economies,
economies,
entreprises reveal- contrasting
contrastingétant
reveal- différences sharply
sharply with
mêmewithpeople
peoplein
frappantes. inIs-
Is-
ing
ing the
the factors
nouvelles et enthat
factors that determine
determine the
croissance. the En rael
rael or
orRepublic
Republic
général, of
ofKorea.
la valeur Korea.
pour Perceptions
Perceptions
la Suisse
nature
–nature and
CH 6,5and level of national
level of national
; moyenne entrepre-
des paysentrepre-
and intentions
andsupérieure
est are combined,
moyenne with
intentions àarela combined, with
des
neurial
neurial activity,
activity,and
sélectionnés andidentifying
5,47 identifyingpolicy policy paysthe
the challenge
challenge
de comparaisonbeing
being to to see
;see entrepre-
entrepre-
néanmoins,
implications
implications for for enhancing
enhancing entrepre- neurship
neurship as
entrepre- l‘évaluation asdesaa good
good
mesures career
career choice.
choice.
gouverne-
•neurship
Des mesures
neurship in gouvernementales
inSwitzerland.
Switzerland. Only
Only 40.2 %% view
40.2apparaît view entrepreneurship
entrepreneurship
mentales parfois considé-
efficaces pour aider les entreprises as
as anan interesting
interesting pathway
pathway for for one’s
one’s
rablement plus critique.
nouvelles
Self-perception et
Self-perceptionabouten croissance
about à s‘adapter professional
professional future future compared
compared to to
aux réalités
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship économiques. 85.8
85.8% % in in Netherlands
Netherlands or or 69.2
69.2% % in in
-Perception
CH 6,11 ; moyenne
Perception of des pays is
of opportunities
opportunities
is atat aa Canada.
Canada. On On the
the other
other side,
side, thethe sta-
sta-
lowsélectionnés
low level,
level, with 4,90
with those
those interviewed
interviewed in in tustusofofaasuccessful
successfulentrepreneur
entrepreneurand and
Spain
•Spain
Action recognizing
recognizing
gouvernementale the
the fewest pourentre-
fewest entre- media media attention
attention for for entreprenership
entreprenership
preneurial
preneurial
éviter des pertes opportunities.
massivesSwitzer-
opportunities. Switzer-
aux are
areatataagood
goodlevel,
level,and
andfearfearof offailure
failure
land
land shows,
shows, with
entreprises with 49.2
nouvelles 49.2%, %,en
et aa crois-
higher
higher is islower
lowerthanthanin inprevious
previousyears.years.
sance menacées par le COVID-19.
– CH 5,67 ; moyenne des pays
11
sélectionnés
Entrepreneurship 4,75
Entrepreneurshipisn’t
isn’tonly
onlyabout
aboutfocusing
focusingon
onthe
thestart-up
start-upphase,
phase,but
butalso
alsoabout
aboutbeing
beingseen
seenas
asaa
mindset
mindsetin
inyoung,
young,growing,
growing,mature
maturecompanies,
companies,or
orcompanies
companiesgoing
goingthrough
throughchange.
change.
66
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