Operator's Manual 2017 Emissions 2017-2018 Model Years
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Operator ’s Manual
Operator’s
2017 Emissions
2017-2018 Model Years
Warranty
Contents
Engine Operation ..................................... 1
Engine Maintenance ..................................... 2
Engine Warranty ..................................... 3Contents
© 2018 PACCAR Inc. - All Rights Reserved
This manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be either
standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features and
equipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any
illustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle. PACCAR
reserves the right to discontinue, change specifications, or change the design of its vehicles at any
time without notice and without incurring any obligation. The information contained in this manual is
proprietary to PACCAR. Reproduction, in whole or in part, by any means is strictly prohibited without
prior written authorization from PACCAR Inc.ENGINE OPERATION
1
Chapter 1 | ENGINE OPERATION
Safety - Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6
Emergency - What To Do If ............................................................................................................... 11
Operating Instructions ....................................................................................................................... 14
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 5ENGINE OPERATION - Safety - Introduction
indicate that in a cross-reference like this:
Operation
Engine
|
1
Chapter
1 NOTE
(See Safety Alerts on page 6 ). You
Safety - Introduction won’t have to go searching for more
information. Finally you’ll find a helpful
After you’ve read this manual, it should Subject Index. It’s in the back of the
Using this Manual be stored in the cab for convenient ref- manual and alphabetically lists the subjects
erence and remain with this truck covered. So if you want information on
Please take the time to get acquainted with when sold. brakes, for example, just look under Brake
your vehicle by reading this Operator’s in the Subject Index. You’ll find all the
Manual. We recommend that you read and Your vehicle may not have all the features pages listed where brakes or braking are
understand this manual from beginning to or options mentioned in this manual. discussed.
end before you operate this equipment. Therefore, you should pay careful attention
This manual contains useful information for to the instructions that pertain to just your All information contained in this manual is
the safe and efficient operation of this vehicle. In addition, if your vehicle is based on the latest production information
equipment. It also provides service equipped with special equipment or options available at the time of publication.
information, with an outline for performing not discussed in this manual, consult your Kenworth Truck Company Peterbilt Motors
safety checks and basic preventive dealer or the manufacturer of the Company reserves the right to make
maintenance inspections. We have tried to equipment. changes at any time without notice.
present the information you’ll need to learn There are several tools built into this
about functions, controls, and operation— manual to help you find what you need Safety Alerts
and to present it as clearly as possible. We quickly and easily. First is the Quick Table
hope you’ll find this manual easy to use. of Contents. Located at the front of the Please read and follow all of the safety
There will be times when you need to take manual, this lists the main subjects alerts contained in this manual. They are
this manual out of the glovebox. When you covered and gives section numbers where there for your protection and information.
do, please be sure to return it when you you can find these subjects. Use the Quick These alerts can help you avoid injury to
are finished using it. That way it will be Table of Contents to find information on a yourself, your passengers and help prevent
there when you need it the next time or large subject like “Maintenance.” Cross- costly damage to the vehicle. Safety alerts
when you pass the vehicle on to the next referenced citations also help you get the are highlighted by safety alert symbols and
user. information you need. If some other part of signal words such as “WARNING”,
the manual contains further information on “CAUTION”, or “NOTE”. Please DO NOT
the subject you are reading about, we’ll ignore any of these alerts.
6 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Safety - Introduction
Warnings The safety message following this symbol
and signal word provides a caution against
NOTE
1
operating procedures which could cause
equipment or property damage. The alert
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and Pumping the accelerator will not assist
the probable consequence of not avoiding in starting the engine.
The safety message following this symbol the hazard.
and signal word provides a warning against
operating procedures which could cause Forward
death or injury. They could also cause CAUTION How to use this manual.
equipment or property damage. The alert
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it and Continuing to operate your vehicle with This manual contains information for the
the probable consequence of not avoiding insufficient oil pressure will cause seri- correct operation and maintenance of your
the hazard. ous engine damage. Failure to comply PACCAR engine. Read and follow all
may result in equipment or property safety instructions. Refer to the WARNING
damage. in the General Safety Instructions on page
WARNING 8 . Keep this manual with the equipment.
Notes If the equipment is traded or sold, give the
Hot engine oil can be dangerous. You manual to the new owner.
could be burned. Let the engine oil
cool down before changing it. Failure The information, specifications, and
to comply may result in death, person- recommended maintenance guidelines in
al injury, equipment or property dam- this manual are based on information in
age. The message following this symbol and effect at the time of printing. PACCAR
signal word provides important information reserves the right to make changes at any
Cautions that is not safety related but should be time without obligation. If you find
followed. The alert will highlight things that differences between your engine and the
may not be obvious and is useful to your information in this manual, contact your
efficient operation of the vehicle. local PACCAR Authorized Repair Location
or write to:
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 7ENGINE OPERATION - Safety - Introduction
The illustrations are intended to show of its load ratings. See the Weight Ratings
1 PACCAR c/o PACCAR Engines repair or replacement procedures. The label on the driver's door edge.
procedure will be the same for all
PO Box 1518 Bellevue, WA 98009 applications, although the illustration may Every new vehicle is designed to conform
differ. to all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards applicable at the time of
The latest technology and the highest
manufacture. Even with these safety
quality components were used to produce General Safety Instructions features, continued safe and reliable
this engine. When replacement parts are
Important safety notices about operating operation depends greatly upon regular
needed, we recommend using only
and servicing your engine. vehicle maintenance. Follow the
genuine parts from PACCAR.
maintenance recommendations found in
Preventive Maintenance section. This will
NOTE WARNING help preserve your investment.
Improper practices, carelessness, or Make sure your vehicle is in top working
Warranty information including the
ignoring any warnings may cause condition before heading out on the road, it
EPA and California Emission Warranty
death, personal injury, equipment or is the responsible driver's duty to do so.
is located in the section entitled “En-
property damage. Inspect the vehicle according to the
gine Warranty.” Make sure you are fa-
Driver's Check List.
miliar with the warranty or warranties
applicable to your engine. Before performing any repair, read and • Use the proper tool for manually
understand all of the safety precautions rotating the engine. DO NOT attempt
and warnings. The following is a list of to rotate the crankshaft by pulling or
Illustrations general safety precautions that must be prying on the fan. This practice can
followed to provide personal safety. Failure cause death, personal injury,
Some of the illustrations throughout this
to follow these instructions may cause equipment damage, or damage to
manual are generic and will NOT look
death or injury. Special safety precautions the fan blades, causing premature
exactly like the engine or parts used in
are included in the procedures when they fan failure.
your application. The illustrations can
apply.
contain symbols to indicate an action • Work areas should be dry, well lit,
required and\or an acceptable or NOT Keep in mind that even a well maintained well ventilated, free from clutter,
acceptable condition. vehicle must be operated within the range loose tools, parts, ignition sources
of its mechanical capabilities and the limits and hazardous substances.
8 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Safety - Introduction
• Wear protective glasses and refrigerant systems must be properly
protective shoes when working. caping. In any situation, remove the
cap very slowly and carefully. Be ready
emptied and filled using equipment 1
• DO NOT wear loose-fitting or torn that prevents the release of
to back off if any steam or coolant be- refrigerant gas. Federal law requires
clothing. Tie back and/or tuck in long
gins to escape. capturing and recycling refrigerant.
hair. Remove all jewelry when
working. • When moving or lifting any heavy
• Always use wheel chocks or proper
• Before beginning any repair, equipment or parts, make sure to use
jack stands to support the vehicle or
disconnect the battery (negative [-] proper techniques and assistance.
vehicle components before
cable) and discharge any capacitors. Ensure all lifting devices such as
performing any service work. DO
• Put a “DO NOT OPERATE” tag in the chains, hooks, or slings are in good
NOT work on anything that is
operator's compartment or on the condition and are of the correct load
supported only by lifting jacks or a
controls. capacity. Make sure all lifting devices
hoist. Before resting a vehicle on jack
are positioned correctly.
• Allow the engine to cool before stands, be sure the stands are rated
slowly loosening the coolant filler cap for the load you will be placing on • Corrosion inhibitors and lubricating
to relieve the pressure from the them. oils may contain alkali. DO NOT get
cooling system. the substance in eyes and avoid
• Before removing or disconnecting
prolonged or repeated contact with
any lines, fittings, or related items,
skin. DO NOT swallow. If ingested,
relieve all pressure in the air, oil, fuel,
WARNING seek immediate medical attention.
and cooling systems. Remain alert
DO NOT induce vomiting. In case of
for possible pressure when
Removing the fill cap on a hot engine contact, immediately wash skin with
disconnecting any device from a
can cause scalding coolant to spray soap and water. In case of harmful
system that contains pressure. High
out and burn you badly. If the engine contact, immediately contact a
pressure oil or fuel can cause death
has been in operation within the previ- physician. Always keep any
or personal injury.
ous 30 minutes, be very careful in re- chemicals OUT OF REACH OF
moving the fill cap. Protect face, • Always wear protective clothing when CHILDREN.
hands, and arms against escaping flu- working on any refrigerant lines and
• Naptha and Methyl Ethyl Ketone
id and steam by covering the cap with make sure that the workplace is well
(MEK) are flammable materials and
a large, thick rag. DO NOT try to re- ventilated. Inhalation of fumes can
must be used with caution. Follow
move it until the surge tank cools down cause death or personal injury. To
the manufacturer's instructions to
or if you see any steam or coolant es- protect the environment, liquid
ensure safety when using these
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 9ENGINE OPERATION - Safety - Introduction
materials. Always keep any • DO NOT perform any repair when California Proposition 65 Warning
1 chemicals OUT OF REACH OF impaired, tired, fatigued or after
• Diesel engine exhaust and some of
CHILDREN. consuming alcohol or drugs that can
its constituents are known to the
• When working on the vehicle, be impair your functioning.
State of California to cause cancer,
alert for hot parts on systems that • Some state and federal agencies in birth defects, and other reproductive
have just been turned off, exhaust the United States of America have harm.
gas flow, and hot fluids in lines, determined that used engine oil can
• The catalyst substrate located in the
tubes, and compartments. Contact be carcinogenic and can cause
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
with any hot surface may cause reproductive toxicity. Avoid inhalation
contains vanadium pentoxide, which
burns. of vapors, ingestion, and prolonged
has been determined by the State of
• Always use tools that are in good contact with used engine oil.
California to cause cancer. Always
condition. Make sure you have the • DO NOT connect the jump starting or wear protective clothing and eye
proper understanding of how to use battery charging cables to any protection when handling the catalyst
the tools before performing any ignition or governor control wiring. assembly. Dispose of the catalyst in
service work. Use only genuine This can cause electrical damage to accordance with local regulations. If
replacement parts from PACCAR. the ignition or governor. catalyst material gets into the eyes,
• Always use the same fastener part • Coolant is toxic. If not reused, immediately flood eyes with water for
number (or equivalent) when dispose of coolant in accordance with a minimum of 15 minutes. Avoid
replacing items. DO NOT use a local environmental regulations. prolonged contact with skin. In case
fastener of lesser quality if of contact, immediately wash skin
replacements are necessary. (e.g., with soap and water. In case of
DO NOT replace a SAE 10.9 grade CAUTION harmful contact, immediately contact
with 8.8 grade fastener.) a physician.
• Always torque fasteners and fuel Corrosive chemicals can damage the
engine. DO NOT use corrosive chemi- • Other chemicals in this vehicle are
connections to the required also known to the State of California
specifications. Overtightening or cals on the engine. Failure to comply
may result in equipment, or property to cause cancer, birth defects or
under-tightening can allow leakage. other reproductive harm.
damage.
• Close the manual fuel valves prior to • Battery posts, terminals, and related
performing maintenance and repairs, accessories contain lead and lead
and when storing the vehicle inside. compounds, chemicals known to the
10 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Emergency - What To Do If
State of California to cause cancer permits, chains, towing, hazardous
and reproductive harm. Wash hands clean-up, out of fuel (roadside),
WARNING
1
after handling. mechanical repairs and preventive
maintenance services.
If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi-
• They have multilingual agents and
nates, it means you have a serious en-
Emergency - What To Do If access to a translation service to
gine system problem. This should be
ensure quality assistance for
considered an emergency. You should
customers in any language.
Roadside Assistance stop the vehicle as safely as possible
• They can’t answer your warranty and turn OFF the ignition. The vehicle
What to do in an emergency and roadside questions, but can get you in contact must be serviced and the problem cor-
assistance information. with an authorized dealer who can. rected before driving again. Failure to
• The PACCAR Customer Center comply may result in death, personal
Call toll-free to talk to someone at the
service is FREE. injury, equipment or property damage.
PACCAR Customer Center:
• Kenworth customers call: 1-800-KW- For engines with the engine-protection
Stop Engine Lamp
Assist (1-800-592-7747) | Peterbilt shutdown feature enabled, the stop engine
customers call: 1-800-4Peterbilt lamp will begin to flash 30 seconds before
(800-473-8372) the engine automatically shuts down. The
• Open 24-7-365 days a year. warning lamp alerts the operator to the
• They can help you get roadside impending shutdown.
assistance. The lamp will also illuminate when the DEF
• They have a custom mapping system 1 2 tank is almost empty or the soot level in the
which locates authorized PACCAR DPF is at full capacity. At this level
engine dealers and Independent The stop engine warning lamp will warning, regeneration cannot be performed
Service Providers (ISPs) near you illuminate, and an audible tone will sound, and engine power will be derated.
and lists types of services offered, when a major engine problem exists. Your
hours of operation and contact vehicle will be equipped with one of the Engine may automatically shut down if the
information. indicators above, 1 or 2, depending on the check engine lamp and stop engine lamp
• They can assist with jump and pull engine model. are illuminated and the operator does not
starts, tires, trailers, fines and correct the condition.
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 11ENGINE OPERATION - Emergency - What To Do If
Engine Oil Pressure Lamp Turns shifting and parking brake
1 On
CAUTION
information.)
What to do if the engine oil pressure lamp 4. Turn OFF the engine.
turns on. 5. Turn ON the emergency flasher and
Continuing to operate your vehicle with
use other warning devices to alert
insufficient oil pressure will cause seri-
other motorists.
ous engine damage. Failure to comply
may result in equipment or property 6. Wait a 15–20 minutes to allow oil to
damage. drain into the engine oil pan, and
then check the oil level. See Engine
• If the oil pressure fails to rise within Oil Level.
10 seconds after the engine starts, 7. Add oil if necessary. If the problem
stop the engine and determine the persists, contact an authorized
cause. PACCAR engine dealer as soon as
• See Engine Oil Specification for the possible.
correct oil pressure ranges for your
vehicle's engine. Check Engine Lamp Turns On
• If the oil pressure suddenly drops, or
the audible alarm and engine oil What to do if the check engine lamp turns
pressure warning light come on while on.
driving, do the following:
It is important to maintain oil pressure
within acceptable limits. If oil pressure 1. Slow down carefully.
drops below the minimum psi a red 2. Move a safe distance off the road
warning lamp on the oil pressure gauge and stop.
and the Stop Engine Lamp will come ON. 3. Place the transmission in neutral (N)
and set the parking brake. (See
Or
Parking Brake Valve and Operating
the Transmission in your vehicle
Operator's Manual, for transmission
12 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Emergency - What To Do If
sudden loss of coolant. Follow these steps
if the engine is overheating. • Debris blocking air flow through
the cooling module (radiator)
1
If the engine coolant temperature warning
Check Engine Lamp - Turns on when a
lamp comes on and the audible alarm
problem exists, but the vehicle can still be
sounds showing an overheat condition, or
safely driven. Vehicle should be serviced to
if you have any other reason to suspect the
correct the problem but the situation should
engine may be overheating, DO NOT
not be considered an emergency. CAUTION
TURN OFF THE ENGINE unless a low
The lamp will also illuminate when a DPF water warning device indicates a loss of
The cooling system may overheat if
regeneration or addition of diesel exhaust coolant. Follow these steps:
the engine coolant is at the minimum
fluid (DEF) is required. For PACCAR PX level. A sudden loss of coolant, Follow these steps if the engine coolant
Engines, this icon may also illuminate if the caused by a split hose or broken hose temperature is rising, or the temperature is
crankcase breather element needs clamp could also lead to an overheat already above normal, and there are no
attention. Another function of the check condition. Always inspect to ensure other warning alarms displayed in the
engine lamp is to warn the operator of an hoses and clamps are not cracked, instrument cluster.
impending idle shutdown. When the idle worn, or loose. Failure to comply may
shutdown timer is 30 seconds from result in equipment or property dam- 1. Reduce engine speed, or stop. When
expiring, the ECM begins flashing the age. stopped, place the transmission in
check engine warning lamp once per neutral (N) and set the parking brake.
second. When the timer expires, the ECM Keep the engine running. See the
will turn off the warning lamp and shut NOTE vehicle operator's manual for
down the engine. instructions on transmission shifting
The system may also temporarily over- and parking brake information.
Engine is Overheating heat during severe operating condi-
tions such as:
The cooling system may overheat if the
coolant level is below normal or if there is • Climbing a hill on a hot day
• Stopping after high-speed/high-
load driving
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 13ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
hands, and arms against escap- normal, allow the engine to idle 3 to 5
1 WARNING ing fluid and steam by covering minutes before shutting it off. This
the cap with a large, thick rag. allows the engine to cool gradually
To reduce the chance of person- DO NOT try to remove it until the and uniformly.
al injury, vehicle damage and/or surge tank cools down or if you 6. If overheating came from severe
death from overheated engines, see any steam or coolant escap- operating conditions, the temperature
which can result in a fire, never ing. In any situation, remove the should have cooled by this time. If it
leave the engine idling without cap very slowly and carefully. Be has not, stop the engine and let it
an alert driver present. If the en- ready to back off if any steam or cool before checking to see if the
gine should overheat, as indicat- coolant begins to escape. coolant is low.
ed by the engine coolant temper- 7. Be sure the vehicle is parked on level
ature light, immediate action is ground or the readings may be
required to correct the condition. NOTE incorrect. Check the coolant level at
Continued unattended operation the cooling module surge tank.
of the engine, even for a short Keep the engine running at idle
time, may result in serious en- speed unless a warning icon Check the coolant level after each trip
gine damage or a fire. Failure to turns on that requires the engine when the engine has cooled. The coolant
comply may result in death, per- to be shut off. level should be visible within the surge
sonal injury, equipment or prop- tank. Add coolant if necessary.
2. Check to ensure the Oil Pressure
erty damage.
Gauge reads normal.
3. Make sure the engine fan is turning
WARNING by switching the Engine Fan Switch
from AUTO to MAN (Manual).
Operating Instructions
Removing the fill cap on a hot 4. Increase the engine speed to about
engine can cause scalding cool- one-half of full operating speed, or Engine Warning Lamps
ant to spray out and burn you 1,100 to 1,200 rpm, maximum for 2
Explanation of engine related warning
badly. If the engine has been in or 3 minutes.
lamps.
operation within the previous 30 5. Return the engine speed to normal
minutes, be very careful in re- idle. Monitor the engine temperature. The following engine warning lamps
moving the fill cap. Protect face, After the temperature returns to section covers only the lamps controlled by
14 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
the engine’s Electronic Control Module when a major engine problem exists. Your Engine may automatically shut down if the
(ECM). Please refer to the vehicle vehicle will be equipped with one of the check engine lamp and stop engine lamp 1
“Operator's Manual” and “Engine indicators above, 1 or 2, depending on the are illuminated and the operator does not
Aftertreatement Systems” manuals for engine model. correct the condition.
additional warning lamp information.
WARNING Engine, Check Engine
CAUTION
If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi-
The installation of electronic devices to nates, it means you have a serious en-
the On Board Diagnostics (OBD) con- gine system problem. This should be
nector, the vehicle Controller Area Net- considered an emergency. You should
work (CAN), or their associated wiring stop the vehicle as safely as possible
is not permitted. Doing so can ad- and turn OFF the ignition. The vehicle
versely affect vehicle performance must be serviced and the problem cor-
and/or cause fault codes to be record- rected before driving again. Failure to Or
ed. The OBD connector is provided for comply may result in death, personal
temporary connection of service tools injury, equipment or property damage.
and for diagnostic purposes only.
For engines with the engine-protection
shutdown feature enabled, the stop engine
Stop Engine Lamp Illuminates when a non emissions related
lamp will begin to flash 30 seconds before
problem exists, but the vehicle can still be
the engine automatically shuts down. The
safely driven. Vehicle should be serviced to
warning lamp alerts the operator to the
correct the problem but the situation should
impending shutdown.
not be considered an emergency.
The lamp will also illuminate when the DEF
tank is almost empty or the soot level in the
1 2 DPF is at full capacity. At this level
warning, regeneration cannot be performed
The stop engine warning lamp will and engine power will be derated.
illuminate, and an audible tone will sound,
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 15ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Malfunction Indicator Lamp Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) High Exhaust System Temperature
1 Warning Lamp (HEST) Warning Lamp
This warning symbol will appear when the Engine aftertreatment system includes a
DPF needs to be regenerated and then high exhaust system temperature (HEST)
also during the regeneration cycle. This warning lamp.
icon may also appear if the system is
attempting to automatically regenerate
Illuminates when an engine emissions
while the vehicle is in Power Take Off
failure has occurred. The vehicle can be
operation mode.
safely driven but should be serviced to
correct the problem. The situation should
not be considered an emergency. In some
cases, the Malfunction Indicator Lamp Keep vehicle a safe distance from
(MIL) will activate in conjunction with the combustible items.
High Exhaust System Temperature
(HEST), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) warning lamps. Engine aftertreatment system includes a WARNING
diesel particulate filter and DPF warning
lamp. Temperature of the tail pipe, exhaust
NOTE pipe, the diesel particular filter (DPF)/
selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-
The malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) vice and surrounding components in-
will illuminate if the on-board diagnos- cluding enclosures and steps, will be
tics (OBD) system detects a possible elevated during and shortly after a re-
emissions system failure. The vehicle generation event or normal vehicle op-
should be brought in for service at the eration when engine is under high or
next opportunity to ensure the condi- heavy loading.
tion is corrected.
If the High Exhaust System Temperature
(HEST) warning lamp is on:
16 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
• Do not park in an area of combustible the DEF gauge and additional warning seek service immediately for DEF fluid
vapors or materials. You must keep lamps in the instrument cluster. quality or DEF equipment repair. 1
combustibles at least 5 ft. (1.5 m)
away from the exhaust (outlet) DEF Warning Lamp in Instrument
Cluster Engine Wait-To-Start Lamp
stream (as it exits the tail pipe) while
the HEST lamp is illuminated. Always This warning icon will appear when the
park your vehicle outside. Failure to system needs some time before attempting
do so could ignite an explosion or to start the engine. The lamp will illuminate
harm bystanders which could result at key ON, and will stay on for a period of
in serious injury. up to 30 seconds.
• Do not park in an area where people Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Gauge
are close by. You must keep
combustibles at least 5 ft. (1.5 m)
away from the exhaust outlet while
the HEST lamp is illuminated. Failure
to do so could result in serious injury.
• Do not approach the exhaust system NOTE
or surrounding areas without allowing
adequate time for the system to cool The length of time the 'Wait-To-Start'
down. Failure to do so could result in lamp remains illuminated depends on
serious burns to the skin. the ambient temperature. The lower
the ambient temperature, the longer
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Lamp the lamp will be illuminated.
1 2
Engine aftertreatment system includes a Once the Wait-to-Start lamp turns off, turn
diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) warning lamp on the key to the starting position to start the
1. DEF Symbol
engine.
2. DEF gauge warning lamp
You may see this appear if the system has
The DEF lamp(s) will illuminate when the
detected a situation where the starter is too
fluid in the DEF tank reaches a low level. If
hot and needs to cool down. Alternatively,
the lamp illuminates but the level is full,
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 17ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
you may see it when the engine grid heater and tear on the service brakes. However,
1 is on and needs some time to warm up. the engine compression or exhaust brake brake alone might not stop the vehicle
fast enough to prevent an accident.
(PACCAR PX and Cummins ISL engines) is not an emergency brake or the primary
vehicle brake. The engine compression brake is NOT
intended as the primary brake for the
NOTE vehicle, nor is it an emergency brake.
WARNING The engine compression brake only
Some engines are equipped with an helps the service brakes by using en-
engine starting motor protection fea- DO NOT operate the engine compres- gine back pressure to slow the drive-
ture. If the starting motor is engaged sion brake when driving/operating your train. Use the service brakes for quick
for 30 or more seconds, without the vehicle bobtail or with a loaded or un- stops. You could be seriously injured if
engine starting, the starter will be loaded trailer on road surfaces with you relied only on the engine compres-
locked out from operating, allowing for poor traction (wet, icy, or snow cov- sion brake to stop the vehicle in an
proper cooling of the starting motor. ered roads) or in heavy traffic. There emergency. Failure to comply may re-
During this time, the 'Wait-To-Start' may not be enough weight on the rear sult in death, personal injury, equip-
lamp will flash for 2 minutes. Once the axle to provide traction. Braking ment or property damage.
lamp stops flashing, the starting motor caused by the normal operation of the
will be allowed to function. engine compression brake could
cause you to lose control of the vehi- CAUTION
cle, resulting in an injury accident.
Engine Braking System Make sure the engine brake is switch- DO NOT operate the engine brake un-
ed "OFF" when bobtailing or with an til the engine oil temperature is above
Information on using the engine braking
unloaded trailer. Failure to comply may 86°F (30°C). Operation below 86°F
system.
result in death, personal injury, equip- (30°C) could cause severe damage to
An engine compression brake is standard ment or property damage. the engine. Idle the engine four mi-
on the PX-9 engines. Optionally, this nutes at approximately 1,000 rpm to
engine may be equipped with an exahust warm the engine before activating the
brake. When activated, these devices WARNING engine brakes.
create a braking effect on the drive wheels.
Because it can help keep your vehicle’s The service brakes must be used in an
brakes from overheating, it can save wear emergency. The engine compression
18 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
1. Do not use the engine compression progressively stronger braking to slow the
NOTE
brake to slow the vehicle down when vehicle down. 1
you are bobtailing or pulling an empty
trailer. Engine compression brake controls
If your vehicle is equipped with anti- include:
2. Make sure the brake is OFF before
lock brakes (ABS), operation of the
starting the engine. • ON/OFF switch
compression brake (if turned ON) may
be interrupted if the ABS system de- 3. After the engine is started, warmed • Three-position selector switch
tects wheel-slip due to operation on up and you are ready to get under • Clutch switch
slippery surfaces. way, turn the engine compression • Throttle sensor
brake switch ON for added braking
• Service brake pressure switch
Ideally (on normal road surfaces), you effect.
• Eaton Vorad® Anti-Lock Braking
should slow your vehicle with the System
compression brake (where permitted by NOTE
law) and use the service brakes only for Engaging conditions for the engine
stopping completely. Operating this way If your vehicle is equipped with compression brake:
will greatly prolong the life of the service the Eaton Vorad® system, oper-
brakes. • Engine speed must be above 1,000
ation of the compression brake rpm.
may be automatically activated.
• Coolant temperature must be above
Compression Brake 59°F (15°C).
Proper use of engine compression brakes. Compression Brake Controls Deactivation conditions for the engine
compression brake:
With the compression brake switch ON, the Using the compression brake controls.
brake automatically creates its braking • Accelerator pedal is depressed.
effect when you remove your foot from the There are two switches on the dash panel
that control the engine compression brake. • Clutch pedal is depressed.
accelerator pedal.
A master switch turns the system ON or • Engine speed falls below 800 rpm.
The brake switch is located on the OFF. A second switch, located next to the • ABS control is active.
accessory dash panel. It controls whether master switch, controls the braking effect. • ECM recognizes a system problem.
the brake is ON (ready to slow the vehicle This switch allows you to choose
down) or OFF (no braking action).
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 19ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
percent engine braking. In the down (LOW) Driving
1 CAUTION
position there will be 33 percent engine
Introduction and important information
braking.
about operating your vehicle safely.
Operating the engine with a compres- With the compression brake switch ON, the
sion brake that will not automatically compression brake will be engaged when Correct care of your engine will result in
deactivate (i.e. when the dash switch the service brake is applied. If the cruise longer life, better performance, and more
is OFF, clutch pedal is depressed or control is operated in conjunction with the economical operation.
throttle is applied) will cause severe in- compression brake, the compression brake Follow the daily maintenance checks listed
ternal engine damage. Do not operate will engage to maintain the cruise set in Engine Maintenance on page 34 .
the engine if the compression brake speed.
will not deactivate. Failure to comply The new PACCAR engine associated with
Compression on\off this manual does not require a “break-in”
may result in equipment or property
damage. procedure. This section of the manual
provides all of the necessary information
required for proper engine operation.
Engine Compression Brake Level
Switch Operation
How to operate the compression brake.
Compression setting
There are two switches that control your
vehicle’s engine compression brake. One
switch turns the system ON/OFF and the
second switch controls the braking level.
These switches are located on the dash
switch panel.
For the three-position engine compression
brake level switch, there will be 100
percent engine braking when the switch is Check the engine oil pressure and engine
in the up (HIGH) position. In the middle coolant gauges, warning lamps, and other
(MEDIUM) position, there will be 66 gauges daily to make sure they are
20 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
operational. Normally each gauge will Combustible Vapors
make a full sweep when ignition key is 1
cycled ON to indicate that the gauge is
operating correctly.
1 Do Not Use Combustible Gas in Turbo
NOTE
Numerous safety devices (i.e. engine
shutoff devices) are available to mini-
mize the risk of engine overspeeding
caused by combustible vapors being
ingested into the air intake system.
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 21ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
1 DO NOT operate your vehicle in an
area where combustible chemicals or
• If starter is engaged continuously
for 30 seconds, you must wait five
vapors may be present. Failure to minutes before trying to start the
comply may result in death, personal engine to allow the starter motor to
injury, equipment or property damage. cool down.
With the key in the ON position, the engine
NOTE warning lamps will come on momentarily
and then go out. The engine warning
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE lamps include:
OWNER AND OPERATOR TO OPER-
ATE THE VEHICLE IN A SAFE ENVI-
PACCAR recommends the installation of
RONMENT.
an air intake shutoff device or a similar
safety device to minimize the risk of
overspeeding, as can occur when the
NOTE
vehicle is being operated in a combustible
Check engine lamp; amber in color.
environment, such as from a fuel spill or
If the engine is running, do not in-
gas leak.
crease engine speed (rpm) or operate
the vehicle until the low oil pressure
WARNING warning lamp turns off.
Combustible vapors near the air intake
system could be ingested into the en- CAUTION Stop engine lamp; red in color.
gine, causing the engine to suddenly
accelerate and overspeed. This condi- Engaging the starter motor for more
tion could result in operator losing con- than 30 seconds in any five minute pe-
trol of the vehicle if an unexpected in- riod may cause it to overheat and can
crease in engine rpm occurs. Combus- damage the starter.
tible vapors could also cause a fire.
22 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Normal Starting Procedure After the engine is started, the voltmeter, if
Steps for starting the engine in normal
equipped, may show a gauge fluctuation 1
under certain engine temperature
temperatures.
conditions (both warm and cold). This
Allow the Wait-To-Start warning lamp to cycling operation is caused by the post-
Diesel particulate filter (DPF) status heat cycle of the intake manifold heater
turned off. Engine Wait-To-Start Lamp on
indicator; yellow in color. system. The number of cycles and the
page 17
length of the cycling operation is controlled
Follow this engine starting procedure when by the engine control module. The cycling
the outside temperature is above 50°F action will cause temporary dimming of the
(10°C). headlamps, interior lamps, and other
vehicle electrical accessories.
1. Ensure the parking brake is set ON
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) indicator; and the transmission shift lever is in
yellow in color. neutral. For automatic transmissions, Cold Weather Starting
be sure the shift lever is in the neutral
position (N). For automatic Steps for starting the engine in cold
transmissions that have park (P) temperatures.
position, place the shift lever in park. Allow the Wait-to-Start warning lamp to
2. With the accelerator pedal in the idle turn off. Engine Wait-To-Start Lamp on
position, turn the ignition key to the page 17
START position to start the engine.
High exhaust system temperature (HEST); 3. If the engine does not start after 10 Follow this engine starting procedure when
amber in color. seconds, release the key. Wait an the outside temperature is below 50°F
additional 10 seconds to allow the (10°C).
starter motor to cool, then try staring
the engine again.
4. Once the engine has started, wait for
Malfunction Indicator Lamp; amber in color. the oil pressure to rise, and the low
oil pressure warning lamp to turn off,
before increasing rpm.
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 23ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
3. For coolant temperatures below Starting Procedure After Extended
1 CAUTION
150°F (70°C), use a low gear and Shutdown or Oil Change
drive at moderate engine speed until
Guideline on starting the engine after
the engine coolant has reached
To reduce the possibility of damage to prolonged shutdown or oil change.
operating temperature. Do not let the
the lubricating oil pan, due to the ma- engine idle longer than necessary. If After extended shutdown or an oil change
terials used in the manufacture of the the vehicle cannot be driven, an follow the Normal Starting Procedure on
lubricating oil pan, under no circum- elivated idle speed may be used page 23 .
stances should an external heat instead to warm the engine.
source be applied directly or indirectly The engine will run at idle only until the
to the lubricating oil pan. minimum oil pressure is detected by the
CAUTION ECM. It can take more cranking time to
1. Follow the Normal Starting start the engine after an extended shut
Procedure on page 23 . Do not operate the engine at low down or oil change.
Refer to the vehicle operator's manual idle for long periods of time when
instructions for any additional cold weather the coolant temperature is below
the normal operating range. This Operating the Engine
starting procedures.
could result in the following: After the engine starts:
2. If starting a cold engine, slowly
increase the engine speed. This • Fuel dilution of the lubri- Monitor the oil pressure and coolant
provides adequate lubrication to the cating oil temperature gauges frequently. Refer to
bearings and gives ample time to • Carbon buildup in the Engine Oil Capacities and Pressures on
allow the oil pressure to stabilize. combustion chamber page 45 and Engine Coolant
• Sticking of the valves in Specifications on page 50 for
CAUTION the cylinder head recommended operating pressures and
• Reduced performance temperatures. Shut off the engine if any
The use of starting aids, such as pressure or temperature does NOT meet
• Damage to aftertreatment
ether, may result in damage to the specifications.
components
the engine and aftertreatment
system.
24 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Engine Operating Range
Information on operating the engine at
que rpm for more than 30 seconds.
Failure to comply may result in equip-
1
proper rpm. ment or property damage.
Proper Engine Operating Range
PACCAR engines are designed to operate
at full throttle under momentary conditions
down to peak torque engine speed. This is
consistent with recommended operating
practices.
CAUTION
Continuous operation with engine coolant
temperature above or below the engine Operating the engine beyond the max-
coolant temperature specifications listed in imum engine speed can cause severe
“ Engine Coolant Specifications on page engine damage. Use proper operating
50 ” can damage the engine. techniques for the vehicle to prevent
engine overspeed. See Engine Speci-
1. Full Throttle rpm fications for maximum engine speed.
2. Peak Torque Failure to comply may result in equip-
ment or property damage.
CAUTION
Operating the engine at full throttle be-
low peak torque will shorten engine life
to overhaul, can cause serious engine
damage, and is considered engine
abuse. DO NOT operate the engine at
full throttle operation below peak tor-
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 25ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Extended Idling Long periods of idle-time (3 hours or more) on or off, to remove these hydrocarbon
1 may accelerate the build up of soot in the deposits and moisture. The engine speed
diesel particulate filter (DPF), especially in will remain elevated for 20-60 minutes. If
CAUTION cold weather. The system will illuminate the necessary, the rpms may be lowered by
DPF warning light on the instrument cluster briefly depressing the throttle, clutch, or
Prolonged periods of idling can result and a message on the Driver Information brake pedal. If the driver cancels the
in lower than optimal engine/transmis- Display to indicate that the DPF requires automatic cycle using the pedals, the
sion operating temperatures which regeneration. This is not a problem with the system will restart the cycle 10 minutes
could cause increased rates of wear. vehicle; however, it indicates that the driver later with increased rpm until all of the
An idle shutdown feature (available on needs to start a parked DPF regeneration deposits are removed from the DPF. If the
PACCAR engines) can be program- to prevent equipment damage caused by vehicle cannot perform an automatic cycle,
med to shut the engine down after a soot build up. If the DPF lamp turns ON the driver may be prompted with message
period of low idle operation with no and the driver is prompted to through driver to regenerate the DPF with a "Do Not
driver activity. A flashing warning lamp notifications, perform a parked DPF Drive" message. The driver must complete
will inform the driver of an impending Regeneration. a regeneration before driving. If the "Do
shutdown. Failure to comply may re- Not Drive" message is ignored and a DPF
sult in equipment or property damage. regeneration is not fully completed before
CAUTION driving, there is a high possibility of
equipment damage.
If you ignore the warning lamp and do
CAUTION not initiate regeneration at the soon- If an engine must idle for an extended
est, safest possible time, the DPF will period of time, idle the engine at the lowest
If the truck is equipped with power become increasingly clogged with soot rpm that maintains the engine coolant at
take off (PTO) equipment, the engine and can lead to severe engine derate. 150°F (70°C), or above.
shutdown system can be deactivated Failure to comply may result in equip-
when the PTO is operational; however, ment or property damage.
engine idle periods should not exceed
five minutes whenever possible. Fail- Extended engine idling may also increase
ure to comply may result in equipment hydrocarbon deposits and moisture in the
or property damage. DPF. The engine will increase rpm
automatically, regardless if the DPF lamp is
26 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
before shutdown. This will allow circulating Electromagnetic Interference
CAUTION
coolant and lubricating oil to carry heat
Information on electromagnetic
1
away from the cylinder head, valves,
interference (EMI).
pistons, cylinder liners, turbocharger, and
DO NOT idle the engine for excessive- bearings. This way you can prevent engine If not installed correctly, some vehicle
ly long periods. Long periods of idling, damage that may result from uneven accessories (CB radios, mobile
more than 10 minutes, can cause poor cooling. transmitters, etc.) can generate and use
engine performance. radio frequency energy that may cause
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Following these guidelines will help reduce NOTE
between the accessory and the
engine wear during idling and the
electronically controlled fuel system. Under
frequency of DPF regenerations. For engines equipped with an elec-
these conditions, PACCAR is not liable for
tronic control module (ECM), ensure
any performance problems with either the
the ignition switch is turned OFF for a
fuel system or the accessory. EMI is not
Engine Shutdown minimum of 100 seconds prior to dis-
considered by PACCAR to be an engine
connecting the continuous (unswitch-
failure and therefore is not warrantable.
Prevent engine damage by following these ed) battery power supply. If the un-
shutdown precautions. switched battery power supply is dis- System EMI Susceptibility
connected in less than 100 seconds
after the ignition switch is turned OFF, PACCAR products are designed and
NOTE active fault codes and incorrect ECM tested for minimum sensitivity to incoming
information may occur. electromagnetic energy. The fuel system
DO NOT shut off the engine immedi- EMI susceptibility has been designed with
ately. A hot engine stores a great a high tolerance against EMI and in most
amount of heat and it does not cool normal circumstances, if not all,
down immediately after it is shut off.
CAUTION
electromagnetic energy-emitting devices
Always cool the engine down before that meet the Federal Communications
Failure to follow the correct shutdown
shutting it off. You will greatly increase Commission legal requirements should
procedure may result in damage to the
its service life. cause no interference.
turbocharger and shorten the turbo-
charger life.
Idle the engine at 1,000 rpm for four
minutes. Then low idle for 30 seconds
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 27ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
System EMI Radiation Levels maximum filtering to reject
1 Electronic components are required to
incoming electromagnetic noise. poor traction (wet, icy, or snow cov-
ered roads) or in heavy traffic. There
pass various PACCAR and industry EMI may not be enough weight on the rear
specifications. Our testing has shown that Operating on Level and Dry axle to provide traction. Braking
when the engine is properly installed and Pavement caused by the normal operation of the
maintained, it will not interfere with properly engine compression brake could
installed onboard communication Tips for driving on level and dry roads.
cause you to lose control of the vehi-
equipment. cle, resulting in an injury accident.
If any interference condition is noticed,
WARNING Make sure the engine brake is switch-
ed "OFF" when bobtailing or with an
follow these suggestions to reduce the
DO NOT use the engine brake when unloaded trailer. Failure to comply may
amount of EMI:
operating on road surfaces with poor result in death, personal injury, equip-
1. Locate the accessory receiving traction (such as wet, icy, or snow cov- ment or property damage.
antenna further away. ered roads or gravel). Retarders can
2. Check with the accessory supplier cause the wheels to skid on a slippery Remove Foot from Accelerator
representative in your area to: surface. You could lose control of the
vehicle and/or jackknife if the wheels
• Accurately calibrate the begin to skid, resulting in an accident.
accessory for proper frequency, Failure to comply may result in death,
power output, and sensitivity. personal injury, equipment or property
30 40 50
• Determine the optimum antenna damage. 20 60
10 70
location by obtaining antenna 0
MPH
80
reflective energy data
measurements. WARNING
• Ensure that the optimum antenna
type and mounting arrangement DO NOT operate the engine compres-
is being used. sion brake when driving/operating your
• Ensure the accessory equipment vehicle bobtail or with a loaded or un- To reduce vehicle speed, put the engine
is properly constructed for loaded trailer on road surfaces with brake ON/OFF switch in the "ON" position.
Remove your foot from the accelerator
28 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
pedal and clutch pedal. The engine brakes
will immediately begin to operate, slowing must use the service brakes for quick
or emergency stops. Failure to comply
vehicle and/or jackknife if the wheels
begin to skid, resulting in an accident.
1
the vehicle.
may result in death, personal injury, Failure to comply may result in death,
For operation on dry and relatively flat equipment or property damage. personal injury, equipment or property
surfaces, when greater retarding power is damage.
not required, put the two-position selector "Control speed" is the speed at which the
switch in the "LOW" position. forces pushing a vehicle down a grade are
For operation on dry pavement when
equal to the forces holding it back. CAUTION
maximum retarding power is required, put Do Not Exceed Governed Engine Speed
The engine ECM maintains a record of
the three-position selector switch in the
maximum rpm. Exceeding the maxi-
"HI" position.
20
30 40 50
60
1 3 5
20
30 40 50
60
1 3 5 mum rpm will be considered driver
10
0
70
80 2 4 R
10
0
70
80 2 4 R
abuse and will affect the engine war-
ranty. See Engine Spcifications.
MPH MPH
Operating on Grades and Dry 2100 2300
Pavement
Tips for driving on grades and dry roads.
OK OK
RPM RPM WARNING
WARNING DO NOT use an exhaust brake when
driving bobtail or with an unloaded
The engine brake is not intended as trailer. There may not be enough
the primary brake for the vehicle, nor weight on the rear axle to provide trac-
is it an emergency brake. The service WARNING tion. This could cause a loss of control
brakes must be used in an emergency. and jackknife resulting in an injury ac-
Relying solely on the engine brake to DO NOT use the engine brake when cident. Make sure the exhaust brake is
stop the vehicle in an emergency operating on road surfaces with poor switched “OFF” when bobtailing or
could cause an accident and lead to traction (such as wet, icy, or snow cov- with an unloaded trailer. Failure to
personal injury. The engine brake only ered roads or gravel). Retarders can comply may result in death, personal
helps the service brakes by using cause the wheels to skid on a slippery injury, equipment or property damage.
pressure to slow the drive train. You surface. You could lose control of the
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 29ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Slow Down Around Curves Braking Truck on Grade
1 CAUTION
Never exceed governed engine speed
because engine damage can occur.
Operating engine beyond the gov-
erned speed causes additional strain 25
MPH
on valve train and internal engine com-
ponents. Operate the engine within
governed engine speed.
NOTE The engine brake is NOT intended as the
primary brake for the vehicle, nor is it an WARNING
Once you have determined what the emergency brake. The engine brake only
safe speed is for your vehicle, operate helps the service brakes by using pressure DO NOT drive with frequent or contin-
the engine brakes with the transmis- to slow the drivetrain. Use the service uous use of the service brakes. This
sion in the lowest gear that will not brakes for quick stops. can overheat the brakes and result in
cause the engine speed to exceed the excessive lining wear, increased stop-
rated engine speed. The optimum ping distances, possibly an accident
braking power of the engine brakes is and may lead to personal injury. Be-
reached at rated engine speed. Cor- fore descending a steep grade, shift to
rect gear selection, therefore, is criti- a lower gear, keep the vehicle speed
cal. low, and avoid continuous application
to the brakes. Failure to comply may
The selector switch can be used to vary result in death, personal injury, equip-
braking power as road conditions change. ment or property damage.
Vehicle service brakes must be used when
additional braking power is required.
30 Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18)ENGINE OPERATION - Operating Instructions
Tips for Operation on Slick Roads When driving on slick roads, start with the
NOTE
“ON/OFF” switch in the “OFF” position and 1
the two-position selector switch in the
WARNING “LOW” position. If your tractor is equipped
The longer or steeper the hill, the more with a twin-screw rear axle, position the
important it is to use your engine power divider switch in the “unlocked”
To reduce the possibility of personal
brakes. Make maximum use of your position. Remove your foot from the
injury or property damage, always al-
engine brakes by gearing down and accelerator pedal to make sure the vehicle
low for extra distance between your
letting the engine brakes do the work. will maintain traction with the retarding
vehicle and other objects when using
the service brakes or engine brakes on power of the engine alone. If the vehicle
Shift to a Lower Gear on Grade drive wheels begin to skid or if there is a
slick roads.
fishtailing motion, DO NOT activate the
1 3 5 The operation of any vehicle is difficult to engine brakes. If traction is maintained
30 40 50 30 40 50 1 3 5
20 60 20 60
70
predict on slick roads. The first 10 to 15 using the retarding power of the engine
10 70 10
2 4 R alone and more braking power is required,
0
MPH
80 0
MPH
80 2 4 R minutes of rainfall are the most dangerous,
2100 2100 switch the two-position selector switch to
as road dirt and oil mixed with rain create a
very slippery surface. the “LOW” position and activate the engine
OK OK brakes by switching the “ON/OFF” switch
RPM
RPM to the “ON” position. If the vehicle’s drive
WARNING wheels begin to skid or there is a fishtailing
motion, switch the “ON/OFF” switch to the
DO NOT use any of the vehicle’s re- “OFF” position. If traction is maintained
tarders in any situation that requires when the engine brakes are activated and
an immediate stop and/or in situations more braking power is required, move the
If frequent use of the vehicle service of poor traction (such as wet, icy or two-position selector switch to the “HI”
brakes is required, it is recommended that snow covered roads). Trying to use position. Again, if the vehicle has lost
a slower control speed be used by the retarder instead of the service traction or if there is a fishtailing motion,
selecting a lower transmission gear. brakes may cause a loss of vehicle switch the “ON/OFF” switch to the “OFF”
control, which may result in an acci- position. DO NOT attempt to use the
dent involving death or personal injury. engine brakes in the “HI” position.
Y53-1185-1E1 (04/16/18) 31You can also read
