Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Information Booklet - Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style - The Open College

 
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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Information Booklet - Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style - The Open College
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style   2018

                      Plagiarism &
                   Harvard Referencing

                   Information Booklet

 © The Open College 2018 (Version 4)            1
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                                                                      2018

 Contents

 What is Plagiarism? ...................................................................................................................... 4

    The Oxford English Dictionary says: ................................................................................................... 4

 College Policy and Procedure on Plagiarism .................................................................................. 4

 How The Open College deters and detects Plagiarism ................................................................... 7

 How to use References................................................................................................................. 8

 Common Excuses used by Students .............................................................................................. 8

 Introduction to Harvard Referencing Style .................................................................................. 10

    What is it? ......................................................................................................................................... 10

    Why reference your sources? ........................................................................................................... 10

    What do I need to cite and reference?............................................................................................. 11

    What does it look like? ..................................................................................................................... 12

    Book with one author ....................................................................................................................... 13

    Book with two authors ..................................................................................................................... 14

    Book with more than three authors ................................................................................................. 14

    Book with a corporate author .......................................................................................................... 15

    Book with an editor .......................................................................................................................... 15

    Chapter in an edited book ................................................................................................................ 16

    Electronic Book (e-Book) .................................................................................................................. 16

    Print Journal article with one author................................................................................................ 17

    Print Journal with two or three authors ........................................................................................... 17

    Print journal with more than three authors ..................................................................................... 18

    E-journal article ................................................................................................................................ 18

    Print Newspaper article .................................................................................................................... 19

    Online Newspaper article ................................................................................................................. 19

    Page on a website ............................................................................................................................. 20

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                                                                        2018

   Website............................................................................................................................................. 20

   Blog ................................................................................................................................................... 21

   Email communication ....................................................................................................................... 21

   Facebook........................................................................................................................................... 22

   Twitter .............................................................................................................................................. 22

   Images/Photographs ........................................................................................................................ 23

   Images/Photographs (Online) .......................................................................................................... 23

   Lectures or Presentations ................................................................................................................. 24

   Group or Individual Work ................................................................................................................. 24

   Interviews (television) ...................................................................................................................... 25

   Interviews (newspaper) .................................................................................................................... 25

   Government agency publication ...................................................................................................... 26

   Parliamentary and legal material ..................................................................................................... 27

   EU publications ................................................................................................................................. 27

   Conferences ...................................................................................................................................... 27

   Theses ............................................................................................................................................... 28

   Audio-visual material ........................................................................................................................ 28

   Podcasts ............................................................................................................................................ 29

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                2018

                                       What is Plagiarism?

 Plagiarism is a serious offence, but more often than not, it results from misunderstandings
 rather than a deliberate intention to cheat. Many students simply do not understand what
 plagiarism is. Although confusion is understandable, especially at the beginning of your study,
 ignorance will not be accepted as an excuse, or as a defense, against an accusation of
 plagiarism. You must therefore make sure that you understand what plagiarism is and how
 you can avoid it. [i]

 The Oxford English Dictionary says:

 plagiarize (also plagiarise)
 verb. take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one's own.
 The College upholds the principle of assessment integrity, and that acknowledgement is given
 to the contributions of others in any work, through appropriate references. It is acceptable to
 use quotations from others and paraphrase information from other sources, however you
 must reference this work.

 College Policy and Procedure on Plagiarism

 Plagiarism is a serious offence, but often, it results from misunderstandings rather than a
 deliberate intention to cheat. Many learners simply do not understand what plagiarism is.

 Although confusion is understandable, especially at the beginning of your study, ignorance
 will not be accepted as an excuse, or as a defence, against an accusation of plagiarism.
 Students must therefore make sure that they understand what plagiarism is and how they
 can avoid it.

 The College upholds the principle of assessment integrity, and that acknowledgement is given
 to the contributions of others in any work, through appropriate references. It is acceptable
 to use quotations from others and paraphrase information from other sources; however, you
 must reference this work.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                 2018

 You may be found guilty of plagiarism in each of the following circumstances:

     ➢ You are presenting or passing off another person’s work as you own.
     ➢ Self-Plagiarism i.e. when an assessment submission contains large chunks of
         information taken from another assessment already submitted by you that has
         already been graded. The evidence of similar or a direct copy and paste of information
         already existing in another assessment is prohibited.
     ➢ You import into your own work ‘more than a single phrase from another person’s work
         without the use of quotation marks and identification of the source’.
     ➢ You make ‘extensive use of another person’s work, either by summarising or
         paraphrasing it merely by changing a few words or altering the order of the
         presentation, without acknowledgement’.
     ➢ You use, submit, or present ‘the ideas of another person without acknowledgement
         of the source’.
     ➢ You make ‘a deliberate attempt at passing off the ideas or writings of another person
         as your own’.
     ➢ You take ‘the words, ideas and labour of other people and give the impression that
         they are your own.
     ➢ You have not made any attempt to paraphrase the information obtained from the
         original source.
     ➢ You have not applied the correct intext referencing with supporting bibliography as
         per information outlined in the Open College Harvard Referencing Booklet.

 Learners should be advised that each assessment which is received to the college will be
 checked for levels of similarity via Turn-It-In (online assessment tool) and where applicable,
 similarity reports can be generated. Copies of all assessments are then retained in a repository
 whereby a database of assessments is collected and for which new assessments will be
 checked against.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                               2018

 If any assessment has found to be in breach of any of the terms listed here the necessary
 course of action will depend on the severity of similarity which will be reviewed on a case by
 case basis by the disciplinary committee – who will consider an appropriate course of action
 in line with the level of study being undertaken i.e. Level 5 or 6 etc.

 Generally, there will be four stages of the process to consider, however, it must be clearly
 noted that each stage of the process may not follow sequence and depending on the severity
 of each case the disciplinary committee may choose the appropriate course from action of
 any of the stages below - in some instances this may result in by passing the preceding level
 of the stages.

 Stage (1) – Warning - learners may be presented with the opportunity to make an adjustment
 to their assessment for resubmission without penalty.

 Stage (2) – a possible resubmission may be permitted; however, the relevant module
 assessment(s) will be capped at 50% and an additional €80.00 applicable for the remarking of
 the resubmitted assessment(s).

 Stage (3) – an ‘Unsuccessful’ grade will be considered, and relative module withdrawn.

 Stage (4) – Termination from the programme.

 Learners who are found guilty of Plagiarism are not subjected to the conditions which
 underpin our policies and procedures for ‘Repeat and Resubmission of an Assessment’.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                2018

 How The Open College deters and detects Plagiarism

    •    Legal Declarations ― declarations must be submitted by Learners with each
         assessment,
    •    Software ― The Open College uses software to detect plagiarism in submitted texts,
         and will conduct regular sampling,
    •    Referencing Guidelines ― providing guidelines to students,
    •    Training ― Tutors are trained on how to detect plagiarism,
    •    Use of diverse assessments ― through the use unusual topics and formats e.g.
         website, brochure, project, posters.
    •    Encouraging originality ― through self-reflection and learner records,
    •    Asking for applied knowledge ― applying theory X to event Y e.g. ‘Develop an Event
         Proposal for a Conference in Dublin for 25 business people, with a budget of €25,000',
         rather than ‘What are the elements of an Event Proposal?',
    •    Changing Assessments ― topics will be changed periodically,
    •    Drafts and Research work ― In some cases, Learners are requested to submit drafts
         of their work, as they progress through the course.

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 How to use References

 Students should be aware that good referencing is integral to good academic practice. There
 are numerous ways to cite a source. The Open College requests learners to use parenthetical
 references. [iii] This is where the author's last name and page number(s) are placed in
 parentheses (brackets) within the text to give credit to sources.

 For instance:

 In their Preface, the authors point out that "Learning Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and
 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is like learning any new language, computer
 or human" (Musciano, p21).

 You must then include a bibliography at the end of your work listing all sources in the form
 of: Author, Title, Publisher, Date, as shown below:-

 Musciano, Tom, Building a Website, McGraw Hill, 2000.

 Where direct Quotations are used, they should also be shown within quotations marks, for
 instance, [iv]

 Musciano, in his book Building A Website, suggests that “if the splashpage should really
 disappear, it will do so not because it has exhausted its powers but because it exists in a world
 grown alien to it.”

 Common Excuses used by Students

 The University of Essex [v] provide some enlightening excuses used by Students on why they
 plagiarised. None of which are acceptable.

     •   Being unclear about what exactly plagiarism is,
     •   Having deficient time management skills or being lazy,
     •   Having different cultural values,
     •   Mistakenly believing that it will be easy to get away with,

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     •   Knowing that the syllabus has stayed the same each year - i.e. having access to work
         from previous students,
     •   Having unclear instructions for an assessment task (if in doubt, always clarify with
         your tutor),
     •   Having a lack of academic confidence (again, speak to your tutor or a study skills
         advisor),
     •   Being conditioned from secondary schooling - i.e. not being used to acknowledging
         sources.

 Below is a useful link which will instruct you on how to use the Microsoft word referencing
 tool: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19-E1OCdvbY

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                 2018

                  Introduction to Harvard Referencing Style

 What is it?

 Academic writing requires authors to support their arguments with reference to other
 published work or experimental results/findings. A reference system will perform three
 essential tasks:

     •   Enable you to acknowledge other authors’ ideas (avoid plagiarism).
     •   Enable a reader to quickly locate the source of the material you refer to so they can
         consult it if they wish.
     •   Indicate to the reader the scope and depth of your research.

 The Harvard style is a widely used referencing system to help you achieve these objectives.

 Referencing is acknowledging in detail all the information sources (books, journal articles,
 web pages) that you have used in completing your assignment.

 Citing is referencing your sources within the text of your assignment. This is also known as
 an in-text citation.

 Referencing your sources is usually done by an in-text citation and a full reference in a
 reference list or bibliography at the end of the assignment.

 Why reference your sources?

     •   Referencing demonstrates you have read widely on the subject and allows your
         lecturer to find further information about the sources you have used.
     •   Referencing acknowledges thoughts, ideas and quotations from other people's work.
     •   Referencing supports ideas and arguments you have made in your assignment.
     •   Referencing helps you avoid accusations of plagiarism.

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 What do I need to cite and reference?

 Paraphrasing

 Paraphrasing is when you write the thoughts and ideas of someone e se in your own words.
 You still need to cite and reference your source when paraphrasing.

 Here is an example taken from the book 'The We come Business' by Glenn Mehta (2007).

 Original extract:

 'The origins of tourism lay in the necessity of the people of the ancient world to travel,
 whether for business or leisure as well as military' reason.

 Quotations

 Quotations are used when directly stating another person's words in your assignment. These
 are put in quotation marks (single or double, check your style guide for clarity but be
 consistent).

 The author's name, the date of their work and the appropriate page number should be
 provided.

 Example:

 'Evolution is all the changes that have occurred in living things since the beginning of life'
 (Mader, 2006, p.546).

 Common Knowledge

 Information, facts, dates or events that are generally well known by all are considered
 common knowledge and do not need to be cited.

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 Example:

 Common Knowledge would be that the Phoenix Park is located in Dublin or the currency of
 and is the Euro.

 If you are uncertain that something common knowledge, cite and reference it.

 What does it look like?

 Here is an extract showing what in-text citations look like in the Harvard Style

         It has been claimed that due to funding being almost exclusively available from the
         Irish Film Board (IFB), Irish film makers are restricted to the type of Ireland they can
         depict in their work (MacDougall, 2009). Jervir (2011) argues that subjects such as
         Northern Ireland are disproportionately represented as these are key areas of
         interest to the IFB.

 Here is an example of what a Reference List looks like in the Harvard Style

         Moriarty, D. (2012) Funding models for Irish film makers. Dublin: Collins Press.

         Hayes, B. C., McAllister, I. and Dowds, L. (2011) 'Depicting Ireland on Film, what are
         we really saying?', Social Cinema Journal, 54(4), pp. 454-482.

         Jervir, C. E. O. (2010) 'Symbolic Violence, Resistance and how we view ourselves in
         Irish Film', World Cinema, 37(6), pp. 392-407.

         MacDougall, H. (2009) 'Who Needs Hollywood?: The Role of Popular Genre Films in

         Irish National Cinema', The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 35(1), pp. 39-46.

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 In this guide we show how common reference types should look in your reference list (REF)
 along with an example. Immediately following this will be two samples of how that
 reference should appear as an in-text citation (ITC).

 If the exact reference type you are looking for is not shown in this guide, look for one similar
 and follow the same rules. Alternatively consult the book “Cite the Right,” by Richard Pears
 and Graham Shields.

 Notation guide

 REF = reference list

 ITC = in-text citation

 Book with one author

 REF: Author/Editor Last name, Initials. (Year) Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.

 Example: McDonagh, S. (2001) Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth? Dublin: Veritas.

 ITC:

     •   Author Last name (Year)
     •   (Author Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ According to McDonagh (2001)
     ➢ As has been argued (McDonagh, 2001)

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                  2018

 Book with two authors

 REF: First author Last name, Initials and second author Last name, Initials (Year) Title. Place
 of publication: Publisher.

 Example: Shalloway, A. and Trott, J. (2001) Design patterns explained: a new perspective on
 object-oriented design. London: Addison Wesley.

 ITC:

     ➢ First author Last name and second author Last name (Year)
     ➢ (First author Last name and second author Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Shalloway and Trott (2001) suggest that…..
     ➢ It has been suggested (Shalloway and Trott, 2001)

 Book with more than three authors

 REF: Authors’ Names. (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publishing company.

 Example: McGeady, T.A., Quinn, P.J., Fitzpatrick, E.S. and Ryan, M.T. (2006) Veterinary
 embryology. Oxford: Blackwell.

 ITC:

     ➢ First author Last name et al. (Year)
     ➢ (First author Last name et al. Year)

 Example:

     ➢ McGeady et al. (2006) suggest….
     ➢ It has been suggested (McGeady et al., 2006)….

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                      2018

 Book with a corporate author

 REF: Name of corporate author (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

 Example: Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2000) Pedigree sheep
 breed improvement programme: performance results for lambs summer 2000. Cavan:
 Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.

 ITC:

     ➢ Name of corporate author (Year)
     ➢ (Name of corporate author, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Figures from the Department of Agriculture (2000) show that….
     ➢ Figures from other sources (Department of Agriculture, 2000) show….

 Book with an editor

 REF: Editor(s) Last name, Initials (Ed.). (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.

 Example: O'Riordan, T. (Ed.). (2001) Globalism, Localism and Identity. London: Earthscan.

 ITC:

     ➢ Editor’s Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Editor’s Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ This was examined in O’Riordain (2001)….
     ➢ Others have examined this claim (O’Riordain, 2001)….

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                    2018

 Chapter in an edited book

 REF: Chapter Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Chapter title'. In: Editor's(s) last name,
 Initials. ed(s). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher.

 Example: Rose, H. (2000) 'Risk, Trust and Scepticism in the Age of the New Genetics'. In:
 Adam, B. et al. eds. Risk Society and Beyond. London: Sage.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year

 Example:

     ➢ This was proposed by Rose (2000)….
     ➢ It has been proposed (Rose, 2000)….

 Electronic Book (e-Book)

 REF: Authors’ Last name, Initials. (Year) Title of book. Available at: URL [Downloaded: Day
 Month Year].

 Example: Luhr, W. (2004) The Coen brothers' Fargo: Cambridge University Press film
 handbooks series. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Coen-Brothers-Fargo-Cambridge-
 Handbooks ebook/dp/B001G60IQI/ref=kinw_dp_ke [Downloaded: 24 February 2014].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author’s Last name (year)
     ➢ (Author’s Last name, year)

 Example:

     ➢ Luhr (2012) suggests that the Coen brothers…
     ➢ It has been argued that “The Coen brothers represent a revolution in
         cinamatography” (Luhr, 2012, Chapter 2, 22%).

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                     2018

 Print Journal article with one author

 REF: Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Article title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page
 numbers.

 Example: Tovey, H. (2002) 'Risk, Morality, and the Sociology of Animals - Reflections of the
 Foot and Mouth Outbreak in Ireland', Irish Journal of Sociology, 11 (1), pp. 23-42.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Tovey (2002) argues….
     ➢ It has been argued (Tovey, 2002)….

 Print Journal with two or three authors

 REF: First Author Last name, Initials and Second Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Article
 title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page numbers.

 Example: Lopez, I. and Rodriguez, E. (2011) 'The Spanish Model', New Left Review, 69
 (May/June 2011), pp. 5 – 28.

 ITC:

     ➢ First author Last name and second author Last name (Year)
     ➢ (First author Last name and second author Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Lopez and Rodriguez (2011) suggest that…..
     ➢ It has been suggested (Lopez and Rodriguez, 2011)….

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                     2018

 Print journal with more than three authors

 REF: Authors’ Names. (Year) 'Article title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page numbers.

 Example: Janssen, C, Vanhamme, J, Lindgreen, A, and Lefebvre, C. (2014) 'The Catch-22 of

 Responsible Luxury: Effects of Luxury Product Characteristics on Consumers' Perception of
 Fit with Corporate Social Responsibility', Journal of Business Ethics, 119(1), pp. 45-57.

 ITC:

     ➢ First author Last name et al. (Year)
     ➢ (First author Last name et al. Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Janssen et al. (1996) suggest….
     ➢ It has been suggested (Janssen et al., 1996)….

 E-journal article

 REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page
 numbers. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: Hawke, J, Wadsworth, S, & DeFries, J, (2006). ‘Genetic influences on reading
 difficulties in boys and girls: the Colorado twin study’, Dyslexia, 12 (1), pp. 21-29 . Available
 at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112098736/PDFSTART [Accessed
 10 February 2009].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Hawke, Wadsworth and DeFries (2006) argue ….
     ➢ Others have shown (Hawke, Wadsworth and DeFries, 2006)…..

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                   2018

 Print Newspaper article

 REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Newspaper title, date, page numbers.

 Example: O'Dea, W. (2006) ‘Irish role in battle group concept will help to bolster UN’, Irish
 Times, 10 January, p.16.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ O’Dea (2006) proposed….
     ➢ The article (O’Dea, 2006) argues….

 Online Newspaper article

 REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Newspaper title, day month of
 publication. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: Keenan, D 2011,'North voters go to polls today', Irish Times, 5 May. Available at:
 http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/0505/1224296146826.html. [5 May
 2011].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Keenan (2011) reported….
     ➢ In the report (Keenan, 2011)….

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                               2018

 Page on a website

 REF: Webpage Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) Page title. Available at: URL [Accessed
 Day Month Year].

 Example: Kelly, M. (2004) Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours: Ireland in Comparative
 European Perspective. Available at:
 https://epa.ie/pubs/reports/research/econ/envirattitudesthirdrept.pdf [Accessed 8
 February 2009].

 ITC:

      ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
      ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

      ➢ Kelly (2004) responded….
      ➢ In the response (Kelly, 2004)….

 Website

 REF: Website author. (Year published/Last updated) Title of Internet Site. Available at: URL
 [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: International Tourism Partnership (2004). International Tourism Partnership.
 Available at: http://www.internationaltourismpartnership.org/ [Accessed 8 February
 2009].

 ITC: (Website name, Year)

 Example: Information available from their website (International Tourism Partnership, 2004)
 ….

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                              2018

 Blog

 REF: Author(s) Last name, First name. (Year site published/Last updated) ‘Title of message’,
 Title of Internet Site, Day Month of posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month
 Year].

 Example: O’Connor, John (2010) ‘Global warming and the future’, Jane Murphy Blog, 14
 January. Available at: http://janemurphyblog.com/blogs/archive/2010/01/14/115/aspx

 [Accessed 13 April 2010].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ O’Connor (2010) proposed….
     ➢ It was proposed elsewhere (O’Connor, 2010)

 Email communication

 REF: Sender Last name, Initials (Year of message) Email to name of recipient, Day Month of
 communication.

 Example: Scott, G. (2010) E-mail to John Bryce, 26 February.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ In an email response (Scott, 2010)
     ➢ In an email to this author (Scott, 2010)

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                 2018

 Facebook

 REF: Author Last name, Initials. (Year page published/last updated) Title of page. Day Month
 Year of posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: DSPCA (2014) Dublin, SPCA. 21 January. Available at:
 https://www.facebook.com/dspca [Accessed 15 February 2014].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name Year)

 Example:

     ➢ DSPCA (2014) reported the discovery of four emaciated pups…..
     ➢ It was reported that four emaciated pups were discovered on Christmas day (DSPCA,
         2014).

 Twitter

 REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year page published/last updated) Day Month Year of
 posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: The Open College (2015) 29 July 2014. Available at:
 https://twitter.com/theopencollege [Accessed 24 March 2014]

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

 • The Open College (2014) reports that the POBAL Funding for Childcare Training will be
 extended

 *Note: date of post is used for in-text citation, date page published/last updated.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                               2018

 Images/Photographs

 REF: Photographer/Creator Last name, Initial(s). (Year) Title of image/photograph
 [Photograph/Image]. Place of publication: Publisher.

 Example: O’Meara, S. (2014) Orchid [Photograph]. Co. Clare: Collins Press.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ O’Meara (2014) shows a perfect example of the epipactis atrorubens.
     ➢ The velvety red of the epipactis atrorubens is demonstrated (O’Meara, 2014).

 Images/Photographs (Online)

 REF: Photographer/Creator Last name, Initial(s). (Year). Title of image/photograph. Available
 at: URL [Accessed 31 January 2014].

 Example: O’Meara, S. (2014) Orchid. Available at: www.theburrenorchidcollection.ie
 [Accessed 3 February 2014].

 ITC:

 As detailed for Images/Photographs above.

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 Lectures or Presentations

 REF: Author(s) Last name, Initial(s). (Year) Title of lecture/presentation [Medium], (Module
 Code: Module title). Institution. Day Month.

 Example: De Burca, M. (2014) Geriatric radiography services in Ireland [Lecture to BSc
 Radiography Stage 3], RDGY30300: Clinical Practice of Radiography. University College
 Dublin. 11 May.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ De Burca (2014) described the complicated system of radiographic services……
     ➢ There is a complicated system of geriatric radiographic services (De Burca, 2014).

 Group or Individual Work

 REF: Student(s) Last name, Initial (s). (Year of submission) ‘Title of
 essay/project/assignment’, Module Code: module title. Institution. Unpublished
 essay/project/assignment.

 Example: Woods, M., Mulcahy, W.D., Halpin, L., and O’Shea, R.W. (2014) ‘A model code of
 ethics for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit and charity sector’, BMGT3019D:
 Corporate Responsibilities and Business Ethics. University College Dublin. Unpublished group
 project.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name et al. (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name et al., Year)

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                   2018

 Example:

     ➢ Woods et al. (2014) detailed a model for corporate governance…..
     ➢ There have been complete models for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit
         and charity sector (Woods et al., 2014).

 *Note: use the “et al.” for three or more authors just like for a book/journal etc.

 Interviews (television)

 REF: Last name, Initials of person interviewed. (Year of interview) ‘Title of the interview (if
 any)’. Interview by/with Interviewer’s First name, Last name, Title of publication, Day Month
 of Publication, page numbers if present.

 Example: Kenny, E. (2013) ‘Ireland’s lost generation’. Interviewed by Miriam O’Callaghan for
 Prime Time, RTE One Television, 15 March.

 ITC:

     ➢ Interviewee(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Interviewee(s) Last name, Year)

 Example

     ➢ Kenny (2010) claimed in an interview….
     ➢ In an interview on RTE (Kenny, 2010)….

 Interviews (newspaper)

 REF: Last name, Initials of person interviewed. (Year of interview) ‘Title of the interview (if
 any)’. Interview by/with Interviewer’s First name Last name, Title of publication, Day Month
 of Publication, page numbers if present.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                2018

 Example: O’Brien, M. (2014) ‘Achieving success in parenting’. Interview by Siobhan
 Moynihan for Irish News Weekly, 6 June, p. 56.

 ITC:

     ➢ Interviewee(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Interviewee(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ O’Brien (2014) outlined honesty as key to parenting……
     ➢ Honesty is seen as key to parenting through the teenage years (O’Brien, 2014).

 Government agency publication

 REF: Name of government department (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher (Series if
 applicable). Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: Department of Health & Children (2006) ‘A Vision for Change’ Report of the Expert
 Group on Mental Health Policy'. Dublin: Stationary Office. Available at:
 http://www.dohc.ie/publications/vision_for_change.html [Accessed 11 April 2010].

 ITC:

     ➢ Department (Year)
     ➢ (Department, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ The Department of Health & Children (2006) have shown….
     ➢ In a similar report (Department of Health & Children, 2006) it was shown…

 © The Open College 2018 (Version 4)                                                         26
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                    2018

 Parliamentary and legal material

 REF: Government of Country. Title (Year) Place of Publication: Publisher.

 Example: Government of Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act. (2000) Dublin: Stationery
 Office.

 ITC: (Country. Title of Legislation Year)

 Example: Legislation (Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act 2000) outlawing the act….

 EU publications

 REF: Name of EU Institution (Year) Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.

 Example: European Commission (2003) Making globalisation work for everyone.
 Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

 ITC: (Name of EU Institution, Year

 Example: The predicted growth (European Commission, 2003) did not occur….

 Conferences

 REF: Author(s) Last Name, Initials (Year) ‘Title of paper’, Title of conference: subtitle.
 Location and date of conference. Place of publication: Publisher, Pages numbers

 Example: O’Connor, J (2009) ‘Towards a greener Ireland’, Discovering our natural
 sustainable resources: future proofing. University College Dublin, 15 – 16 March. Dublin:
 Irish Environmental Institute, pp. 65 – 69.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                    2018

 ITC:

     ➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ O’Connor (2009) was able to highlight….
     ➢ Others (O’Connor, 2009) have shown …..

 Theses

 REF: Author (Year of submission) Title of thesis. Degree statement. Degree-awarding body.

 Example: Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland. Unpublished
 PhD thesis. University College Dublin.

 ITC:

     ➢ Author Last name (Year)
     ➢ (Author Last name, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ Allen (2009) disagrees with this…..
     ➢ As argued elsewhere (Allen, 2009)….

 Audio-visual material

 REF: Title of film (Year of distribution) Director [Format]. Place of distribution: Distribution
 company.

 Example: The Lives of Others. (2007) Florien Henckel von Donnersmarck [DVD]. Santa
 Monica: Lionsgate.

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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style                                                2018

 ITC:

     ➢ Title of film, Year
     ➢ (Title of film, Year)

 Example:

     ➢ The portrait shown in The Lives of Others (2007)….
     ➢ East Germany was the subject of a recent successful movie (The Lives of Others,
         2007)….

 Podcasts

 REF: Author/Presenter Last name, Initial(s). (Year site published/updated) Title of podcast.
 [Podcast]. Day Month Year of podcast posted. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

 Example: Reddy, M. (2013) Hibernian Hardboiled: Race & Gender in Contemporary Irish
 Crime Fiction. [Podcast]. 24 November 2013. Available at:
 http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2013/irish-crime-fiction/index.html

 [Accessed 31 January 2014].

 ITC:

     ➢ Author’s/Presenter’s Last name (year)
     ➢ (Author’s/Presenter’s Last name, year)

 Example:

     ➢ Reddy (2013) outlines how Irish crime fiction…..
     ➢ It has been argued Irish Crime fiction has strong gender typing (Reddy, 2013).

 © The Open College 2018 (Version 4)                                                            29
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