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RATE CARD
2018
@mailandguardian www.mg.co.za
RATE CARD 2018
MAINBODY BUSINESS EDUCATION FRIDAY
Friday
AFRICA’S BEST READ 40 Mail & Guardian February 13 to 19 2015
Business Education PLUS Courses, Seminars
&Bursareis
The millions
2015 @mailandguardian mg.co.za
SOUTH AFRICA
February 13 to 19 2015 • mg.co.za/arts
February 13 to 19 2015 • mg.co.za/business • @mg_biz
we spend on
Health issues The Brink Sex issues
No fare, cry Uber taxi competitors
Low-carb, high legacy Mngxitama vs
stress: Binging Master Gasa: Is SA’s fate
and Banting of words guided by its Reviled and
Pages 18 to 21
Lab rat: I was a
Noakes guinea
pig Page 39
and form
is reviled
and revered
Friday
libido? Page 5
A sexual healing
tour in Alex
Page 16
Rivals believe the taxi
service is using illicit
stolen ideas EORY
OF RELA
celebrated
The life and
literature of
André Brink
loopholes to dodge tax TIVIT
Y
and other regulations Plagiarismtrangresses a university’score values IPLE OF
RELA
the pivot TIVITY:
Pages 4 & 5
and leeches a fortune in subsidies from the state II: THE
GEN
e speci of all our
PART
Graphic: JOHN McCANN
Lloyd Gedye al
physical principle
T
COMMENT spanning the major fields of man-
IAL AND of
he rise of taxi service Uber agement that attract subsidies from SPEC l pr more relativity
Adèle Thomas analy
in South Africa has its & Gideon P de Bruin the department of higher education The basa co se its
previous
U
competitors crying foul and training.
and alleging a number of nlike student plagia- The department pays about relativity oint of
un
violations of the law. rism, plagiarism by aca- R120 000 to a university for each of all otion
m view
These include allegations that the i f
demics is a relatively academic article a sta member
company may be flouting foreign unexplored problem, publishes in any of the local or inter- indices, so that the benefit of doubt sure on universities and their aca- transmitted to, and then through,
exchange controls, is not paying with research being national journals that appear on a favoured the authors. demics, to increase their research the students who graduate from
VAT and is bypassing the regulation largely anecdotal and speculative. list it compiles every year. This fund- For each article, we excluded the output within short time periods, these institutions and who, research
of taxi services by saying it is not a But more than 68% of the jour- ing is an essential income stream for following content from qualifying as plays a role in this problem. In addi- has shown, will be influenced by
transport company. nal articles we surveyed in our universities. Accordingly, academ- “similar material”: bibliography/list tion, academics are rewarded in a unethical role models.
Uber claims it is a technology recently published article in the ics are under pressure to publish in of references, quotations, strings of variety of ways for these outputs, It is critical that the department
company that connects a consumer South African Journal of Science these recognised, or “accredited”, less than 10 words, student papers and this can contribute to a culture of higher education works with
with a taxi driver, who acts as an showed enough evidence to qualify journals, and these publications are on which the article was based, con- of expedience and opportunism. universities to devise measures for
independent contractor to Uber. as plagiarised. And, because 21% of linked to financial and promotional ference proceedings and abstracts An additional problem is one of subsidising research output without
This places the onus for all regu- the 371 articles our study examined rewards for the authors. detailing the main features of the governance. This emerges when one inadvertently promoting the sacri-
latory and income tax compliance contained a degree of plagiarism we We submitted 371 peer-reviewed article, specific methodological considers the R120 000 government ficing of quality and encouraging
on the driver of the cab, and not on defined as “excessive”, we estimated articles to the Turnitin software terms and statistical or mathemati- subsidy per article to universities. short cuts involving plagiarism.
Uber. that the government paid a subsidy program to identify similarities cal formulae. The Turnitin™ soft- Each institution decides on its own Similarly, internal university
This business model has resulted of almost R7-million for these ques- with other published material. Once ware program itself generates con- how to split the subsidy between rewards to academics should not
in some of Uber’s independent driv- tionable publications. a manuscript is submitted to the servative results. itself and the authors. When we involve rewarding only the quantity
ers in Cape Town having their cabs Plagiarism is intellectual theft programme, it is compared against Across the 371 submissions the excluded the 47 articles by authors of research output without also con-
impounded because they did not and transgresses the fundamental billions of internet pages, online similarity index ranged from one who were not in an liated sidering the contribution research-
have the proper operating licence. values of the academy, preventing publications, journals and student (indicating almost no similarity) to a South African university, we ers make who publish fewer articles
Uber Johannesburg’s managing learning, the dissemination of new papers. The programme then gener- to 91 (indicating almost complete estimated that the government paid but in highly cited journals that,
director Alon Lits says everything is knowledge and the integrity of the ates a report that highlights any text similarity). The latter pertained to R32.4-million in subsidies for arti- moreover, have far greater strin-
above board and that the company scientific record. that has been copied and indicates a single article published in exactly cles published in the 19 journals our gency in their quality requirements.
complies with all applicable tax laws Strictly defined, plagiarism is the percentage of similarity — called the same form in two journals under study examined during the period We also recommend that, to pre-
in South Africa. the representation of the work “the similarity index” — between the under review. serve the reputation of journals,
He adds that Uber pays the rele- of another, or of one’s own work, submitted manuscript and docu- To obtain an overview of the rela- Given that 21.3% of these articles their editors subject manuscripts
vant tax in every territory it operates without acknowledgment of such ments in the Turnitin database. tive frequency of plagiarism, we contained excessive plagiarism, we to a plagiarism-detection program
in, including corporate income tax, work. It can include careless para- Our study included only South categorised the similarity indices deduced that the government paid and that the penalties to authors for
payroll tax, sales tax and VAT. Photo: Sergio Perez/Reuters phrasing, the copying of identical African journals that appeared in as follows: 1 to 9 — “low”; 10 to 14 a subsidy of almost R7-million for detected plagiarism be severe.
Uber’s business model bypasses text or providing incomplete refer- 2011 on the Institute of Science —“moderate”; 15 to 24 — “high”; and questionable publications.
local regulatory controls, allowing a point-of-sale system that allows company was disingenuous because When the M&G contacted the that some of Uber’s contracted ences that mislead the reader into Index or the International more than 24 — “excessive”. The culture of research expedi- Adèle Thomas and Gideon P
it to operate fleets of taxis in cities taxi drivers to take card payments the Uber app has merely replaced Reserve Bank for comment this drivers and vehicles don’t have oper - believing that the ideas expressed Bibliography of the Social Sciences Submissions that fell into the ency that may be emerging in aca- de Bruin are professors in the
around the world. and operators to manage their the call centre that most taxi compa- week it did not respond. ating permits and licences to oper- belong to the author of the text. Self- lists, or on the local list of journals high category constituted 27.2% of demic institutions to increase sub- department of industrial psychol-
fleets of taxis, calls the competition nies operate. McGlashan says that because ate, saying this could have implica- plagiarism, which portrays previous the higher education department the articles; and 21.3% of submis- sidised research output could have ogy and people management at the
Tax avoidance? between Uber and the taxi compa- In Johannesburg, Uber contrac- Uber argues it is not a transport tions for a passenger’s life cover or work as new, is also considered a compiles — and that therefore met sions fell into the excessive category. long-term implications for the rep- University of Johannesburg. This
The allegations it faces in South nies in South Africa a “David versus tors operate using charter services company, the fares it charges should medical aid benefits if they were to form of plagiarism. the department’s conditions for Taking a 9% similarity index as our utation of universities. Their con- is an edited version of their article
Africa are not new to the smartphone Goliath” story. licences, which allow prices to be be subject to VAT. be injured in an accident. The objective of our study was to earning its subsidy. We checked the cut tribution to society might well also in the South African Journal of
service. Wherever the multinational He argues that Uber’s business preset ahead of the journey. In South Africa all fare-paying Discovery medical aid insisted investigate the degree of plagiarism results for each article twice, and we sions showed enough similarity to become compromised regarding the Science (2015), 111(1/2). Go to
company opens shop it has been model means there is not a level McGlashan has queried this: “This transportation services are exempt that in both cases the policies would in articles published in 2011, in 19 adopted a conservative approach in qualify as plagiarised. dissemination of new knowledge mg.co.za/plagiarism1302 for the
dogged by claims of tax avoidance playing field for the taxi sector. is interesting as charter services are from VAT. pay out. South African management journals the interpretation of the similarity We suggest that the intense pres- and the upholding of moral values full article.
and bypassing regulatory control as The Metered Taxi Council of the those where a vehicle and driver South African Revenue Service
PHOTO: SIYABULELA DUDA/DOC
well as protests from existing taxi Western Cape, which represents is hired for a journey at a charge spokesperson Adrian Lackay says Creating opportunities
Broke ANC
operators. between 2 500 and 3 000 metered arranged beforehand with the Sars cannot comment on Uber’s tax In a written response to the M&G
Countries in this new digital world taxi drivers, has called for Uber to be operator.” compliance because it is legally pre- Uber says it is a “technology com-
are realising that existing regula- shut down and has staged protests He argues that Uber does not vented from doing so. pany connecting riders to drivers in
tions and laws are no ient to against the company. provide a charge upfront, only an Lackay says that if a company the area”.
deal with technology start-ups and estimate. does not qualify for the VAT exemp- “Uber is bringing economic oppor-
spent R429m splurge on Gupta breakfasts
are grappling with how to regulate VAT exempt or not Lits says each city in South Africa tion related to public transportation tunity to thousands of independent
5 new operators such as Uber.
In South Africa one of the key alle -
gations is that all cab fares are paid
McGlashan says that Uber’s attempt
to classify itself as a technology
company rather than a transport
has di rent interpretations of
the National Land Transportation
Act. This is why Uber uses r-
then it would have to pay VAT and
would have to stipulate on each bill
to a customer what the VAT portion
local business owners, who would
traditionally have been salaried
employees working long hours with
directly to a company based in the ent licences in Cape Town and of the bill was. little flexibility or freedom.
on election
Netherlands, a known tax haven, Johannesburg. “Partner drivers keep a majority
Zim poll report:
with 80% of the fare being repat- He says the company is in discus- Uber bills of the fare, with Uber’s fee being far
riated to South Africa to pay the Uber’s contracted sions with the City of Cape Town Lits says Uber does not need to lower than competitors,” according
drivers of the cabs. drivers and vehicles to resolve the issues linked to the charge VAT because it issues the bill to the Uber letter.
Questions have been raised impounding of cabs. for the taxi ride on behalf of the inde- “Uber complies with all applica-
don’t have operating
Mbeki rages
over its business model including McGlashan says he has queried pendent taxi driver and processes ble tax laws, and pays the relevant
permits and licences
Leaked report reveals what it cost to ‘tell a good story’ 2 & 3
whether South Africa is losing out the fact that all fares from South the payment on their behalf too. tax in every territory it operates in.
on valuable tax revenue. Africa are paid to a company based Lits sent the M&G an Uber bill to This includes corporate income tax,
A number of tax experts said it was
to operate, and in the Netherlands and has asked illustrate that it states at the bot- payroll tax, sales and use tax, and
this could have
at the M&G 8
impossible to say whether Uber was the South African Reserve Bank tom the name of the driver and that VAT.
PLUS: Striking Swazi workers at mine co-owned by
Photo: Sophie Bassouls/Sygma/Corbis
in contravention of South African implications for a to investigate whether this was a the bill was issued on behalf of that “Uber’s system is also completely
tax laws without taking a close look violation of South Africa’s foreign driver. cashless, bringing transparency
Chancellor House company fear ‘a second Marikana’ 3 Photo: Oupa Nkosi
at its contracts with the independ-
ent taxi drivers.
passenger’s life cover exchange regulations.
The Mail & Guardian has seen
But a separate Uber bill the M&G
has in its possession does not state
and traceability to an industry that
is typically almost entirely cash-
Grant McGlashan, the managing correspondence from the Reserve this. Lits could not explain this based, and where there are often
director of iMobilise Transportation
if they were to be Bank stating that it is investigating concerns of under-reporting for tax
R35 in South Africa /mg.co.za / Zimbabwe / International US$1 / Mozambique M194.60 / Zambia K25.70 / Kenya Ksh504 / Angola US$7.10 / Botswana P35.50 / Swaziland E35 / Systems, a company that provides injured in an accident McGlashan’s query. McGlashan also raised concerns purposes.”
Malawi MWK 516 / Lesotho M35 / Namibia N$35 / PDF Replica Digital Edition R400 for 6-month subscription / iPad edition US$1.99
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