PARIS SMAR T AND SUSTAINABLE - LOOKING AHEAD TO 2020 AND BEYOND
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Paris
Sma r t a nd
Sus tainable
LOOKING AHEAD TO 2020
AND BEYOND
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
p.4
EDITORIAL
1
CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES
p.7
AND AMBITIONS
p.8
THE CHALLENGES: URBANIZATION,
RESOURCE SCARCITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
p.10 Moving towards a post-carbon city
p.10 Water and its networks at the core of the urban challenge
p.10 Greening the city to adapt to climate change
p.11 Sustainable multimodal mobility adapted to new uses
p.11 Urban agriculture and the food supply
p.12 Sustainable urban logistics
p.12 A zero-waste strategy
p.13 Inclusion and resilience: The New Urban Agenda
p.14
THE OPPORTUNITIES:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
p.15 Urban life and the digital economy
p.15 New urban production modes and the pooling of uses
p.16 Smart transportation and mobility
p.16 The forthcoming autonomous transportation revolution
p.16 Reducing our energy footprint
p.17 Smart public services
p.17 Putting urban data to use
p.17 Digital inclusion
p.18
THE AMBITION: REINVENTING THE CITY
FOR ALL CITIZENS
p.20 The metropolitan emergency
p.20 New negotiated urban development
p.20 The Arc de l’Innovation
p.21 Tactical urbanism
p.21 Promoting shared resources
p.22 The 15-minute city:
Putting the “neighbor” back in neighborhood
p.23 Encouraging innovative initiatives
2
Connected Open
City
Sustainable
2
MAJOR OBJECTIVES, PROJECTS
p.24
AND TANGIBLE ACTIONS
p.28
THE OPEN CITY
p.29 Stimulating citizen participation and collaborative projects
p.31 Exchanging, sharing and co-creating
with French and international researchers, scientists and academics
p.33 Strengthening the Parisian innovation ecosystem
p.35 Promoting public innovation
p.36
THE CONNECTED CITY
p.37 Developing support infrastructure for digital services
p.39 Offering new public-interest services
p.40 Using data to optimize public action
p.42 Ensuring large-scale access to digital services
and developing and promoting its uses
p.44
THE SUSTAINABLE CITY
p.45 Carrying out Paris’s energy transition
and co-constructing smart networks and systems
p.48 Sustainably develop the Paris metropolitan area
p.51 Strengthening the role of nature in the city
p.53 Making mobility environmentally friendly
p.55 Responsible recycling and consumption
p.57 Making a more resilient city
p.59 CONCLUSION
3
EDITORIAL
Anne Hidalgo
Mayor of Paris
Cities did not wait for the 21st century to become We must address this major urban transformation
smart. Their layouts, density and architecture have head on, working with increasingly demanding
made them centers of urban ingenuity for centuries. and informed citizens. This is where smart cities,
If major cities must be smarter than ever, which must be more than just digital cities, come in:
it is because they are facing difficulties these are places where technology supports people
on an unprecedented scale. and helps include them in city life, bridging the gap
between new public services and policymaking.
Urban growth across the globe has brought with it A smart and sustainable city that enables us to
significant challenges in terms of urban organization, confidently face this century’s global challenges
ecological impact, their relationship with rural spaces is a resilient city that relies on coherent and judicious
and quality of life. The most pressing issues are those energy use where all inhabitants can play a part
related to energy, greening, water, supplies, mobility, in building the future.
logistics and waste.
It is with this strong determination and unwavering
Natural resources are becoming ever more scarce, faith in people and future-driven investments that
compelling us to use them more wisely. This extreme we are working together to build the “future city”
pressure on natural resources must shake our that Antonio Gramsci spoke of and which, to remain
collective conscience, leading us to improve and a place of progress, can be nothing short of
reduce resource use and limit our impact on our the “intelligent work of citizens.”
surrounding environment. At the same time,
the spectacular development of digital technologies
creates new opportunities for mobility, energy,
production and consumption, the pooling of uses,
access to public services and political participation.
The sharing economy and collective intelligence
is leading cities to shift the paradigm in response
to urban demands.
4
Jean-Louis Missika
Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of urban planning,
architecture, the Greater Paris projects, economic
development and attractiveness
Paris has inspired cities around the world with its Given that urban intelligence comes first from Paris
sewer system, Haussmannian buildings, electricity itself, its residents and a whole urban ecosystem
grid, metro and public spaces, not to mention its the city has built and mobilized with imagination,
cafés, terraces and art de vivre. More recently, energy and efficiency, Smart and Sustainable Paris
innovation such as its Vélib’ bike sharing, Autolib’ has opted for open innovation in all its forms:
car sharing and Reinventing Paris initiatives have urban, social, technological, organizational, economic
been recognized and lauded worldwide. and contractual. Paris has also assumed the role of
a global city and is developing a strong vision and
Like all major cities, Paris is constantly changing. international actions through partnerships with
It is complex, with its own metabolism, fueled by other global cities.
the interaction of its multiple systems. Today, it faces
new challenges: climate change, ecological transition, These principles shape the strategy and actions Paris
changing lifestyles, and competition and cooperation adopted for 2020 and beyond that encourage citizen
between towns and cities. participation, co-creation of projects, and support for
the innovation ecosystem. Smart and Sustainable Paris
Paris must adopt a visionary approach as it tackles is a city-as-platform that is open, resolutely future-
these issues while still remaining agile and practical. driven and eager for experimentation, disruption and
A smart city is first and foremost about developing the development of new services that put technology,
common services, applications and goods that meet data, interoperability and interconnected networks
the basic needs of its inhabitants and their quest for front and center.
well-being. It is an innovative approach based on
a medium- and long-term global and systemic vision
of the city to improve its citizens’ quality of life by
leveraging three major catalysts to transform urban
life: deepening social ties and creating value,
rethinking urban infrastructures, and capitalizing
on technological revolutions, especially digital
technologies.
5
1
CHALLENGES,
OPPORTUNITIES
AND AMBITIONS
6
Since we believe that
each city has its own context
and that there are no urban models,
but rather sources of inspiration,
Paris’s urban intelligence
is reflected in a unique approach.
Paris is carving out its own path,
at a time when the world is becoming
massively urbanized,
global cities are becoming
increasingly influential
and our lives are being transformed
by digital technologies as well as
major climate and energy imperatives.
Like many other cities,
Paris must strive to become
more connected, sustainable,
attractive, inclusive and resilient.
ZAC Clichy-Batignolles
© Sergio Grazia
7
The challenges:
Urbanization, resource scarcity
and climate change
Paris, a vibrant city, is reinventing itself through its demographic energy and
remarkable economic potential. The city must capitalize on this vitality to tackle the
challenges it currently faces at the beginning of the 21st century. In today’s rapidly
urbanizing world, climate change is speeding up, biodiversity is deteriorating and
natural resources are becoming scarce. This unprecedented pressure must shake
our collective conscience, leading us to improve and reduce resource use and limit
our impact on our surrounding environment.
8
ON AUGUST 8, 2016,
THE MAYOR OF PARIS Cities are on the frontline of the Natural catastrophes
was elected CHAIR climate change battle. By 2030, three caused by climate
OF THE C40, quarters of global greenhouse gas change hit the most
A NETWORK OF emissions will be produced by cities. fragile populations even
86 GLOBAL CITIES Their commitment is essential in harder. As global cities
REPRESENTING mobilizing all stakeholders and become an inescapable
650 MILLION enforcing the Paris Agreement signed trend in our globalized
RESIDENTS AND on December 12, 2015 following the world, it is our duty to
A QUARTER OF THE
COP21. They must lead proactive put forward
GLOBAL ECONOMY,
actions to curb climate change and interdisciplinary and
WHICH HAVE JOINED
fight air pollution. innovative actions in our
FORCES IN ORDER TO
FIGHT CLIMATE
cities to meet the ever
CHANGE. Multiple environmental challenges are increasing demands of
interlinked with social challenges. citizens regarding their
Air, water and soil quality and the role local government, in
of nature are basic factors for human order to re-establish
health and well-being. They are social, cultural and
inextricably linked with various other economic ties. In light
key components such as lifestyle, of this new context,
exercise, diet and social relationships. we must turn our
People living in urban areas also face attention to urban social
other difficulties, such as job insecurity vulnerability. It has
and social exclusion. This social and emerged as a major
regional inequality also generates factor of resilience for
environmental and health inequality vibrant, responsive,
and leads to growing vulnerabilities, inclusive, innovative
which cities and their partners must and people-focused
address through more inclusive cities supported by
actions. technological advances
and digital technologies.
9
– Moving towards
THE PARIS CLIMATE a post-carbon city
PLAN SETS A TARGET Today’s world requires greater awareness about
TO REDUCE how widespread fossil fuel use affects the climate.
GREENHOUSE GASES The energy transition is no longer a luxury, but an
obligation. In Paris, more than 98% of energy used
BY 25% BY 2020
is imported (fuel, gas, electricity). Of the remaining
(COMPARED TO
2% that is produced locally, less than half is from
2004 LEVELS).
renewables. Since 2007, Paris has had a climate plan
that aims to reduce energy consumption in the Paris
metropolitan area by 25% by 2020 compared to
2004 levels. Another of its goals is to bolster the
share of renewables and waste energy by
accelerating the implementation of profitable
solutions and increasing demonstrations of new
technologies.
THE PARIS
AGREEMENT SIGNED
IN DECEMBER 2015
AT THE COP21 – Greening the city
REQUIRES THAT to adapt to climate
WE ACHIEVE CARBON change
NEUTRALITY AS SOON Greening the city responds to a
AS POSSIBLE IN THE strong citizen demand to improve
COMING DECADES. living conditions and well-being,
develop social ties and help
the city adapt to climate change.
Substantial anthropogenic
pressure on Paris’s green spaces
is a motivating factor in creating
new green areas on rooftops or
building walls, under trees and in
public spaces as well as providing
DESPITE ITS community access to green
CONSIDERABLE spaces in public or private lots.
URBANIZATION, PARIS – Water and its networks
IS HOME TO NEARLY at the core of the urban
2,000 WILD PLANT challenge
AND ANIMAL SPECIES. Paris’s motto, Fluctuat nec mergitur, which translates
THE BIODIVERSITY to “Tossed but not sunk,” reflects the city’s strong
ties to water. The Seine and its banks, the canals of
PLAN, ADOPTED IN
Saint-Martin, Saint-Denis and L’Ourcq, and its ponds
2011, INITIATED
and lakes give structure to the Parisian landscape.
SEVERAL ACTIONS TO
Paris is one of the only cities in the world to have a
PROTECT THEM, SUCH double network of both drinkable and non-drinkable
AS THE BLUE-GREEN water running below its streets. Pressure on water
CORRIDOR ROADMAP resources, polluted aquatic environments, flood
FOR PARIS. IT WILL BE risks and high expectations from residents regarding
UPDATED IN 2017. this common good are all challenges that must
be tackled.
10– Sustainable multimodal – Urban agriculture
mobility adapted to new uses and the food supply
Food alone is responsible for
20% of our carbon footprint.
Urban and peri-urban agriculture,
the importance of which has
THE PARIS AIR
been largely underestimated, is
QUALITY PLAN proving to be a necessary
SEEKS TO ADDRESS component to optimize the food
POLLUTION IN TWO supply for tomorrow’s cities.
WAYS: SUBSIDIZING Urban agriculture is already being
SUSTAINABLE practiced in Paris, which has more
MOBILITY INITIATIVES than 100 shared gardens, 280
AND IMPLEMENTING educational vegetable gardens
INCREASINGLY and 20 rooftop vegetable
RESTRICTIVE TRAFFIC gardens. The city must be viewed
as a place where food production
REGULATIONS.
Since 2001, emissions from nitrogen oxide (NOx) is a natural part of urban life
caused by motor traffic dropped by 30%, fine in order to develop a separate,
particles by 20% and ultrafine particles by 45%. multifaceted industry within
However, residents of Paris and the surrounding the city. It would combine farms
metropolitan area are often exposed to very poor covering several thousand meters
air quality. Clean transportation must be developed in newly developed buildings
on a larger scale, such as mass transit, electric in addition to lightweight and
vehicles and non-motorized transportation (walking inexpensive rooftop systems
and biking). The city’s aim is to eliminate on existing buildings, production
diesel-powered cars by 2020 and reduce nitrogen possibilities with high added
oxides by 40%, fine particles by 25% and ultrafine value for Parisian gastronomy,
particles by 40%. This goal will be achieved by and shared gardens or vegetable
gradually reducing traffic from highly polluting gardens and farms used for
vehicles as part of Paris’s pollution prevention plan educational and employment
and by offering innovative sustainable mobility support programs. The Paris
services. In keeping with the Vélib’ bike sharing and markets are also a way to
Autolib’ car sharing programs and as part of a showcase producers, organic
multimodal approach to transportation (mass transit, product sellers and local food
electric car-sharing, bicycles, self-driving shuttles supply chains.
and vehicles, transportation on request), these new
services must improve traffic flows for everyone,
with priority given to non-motorized transportation.
THE 2015-2020 PARIS The 2015-2020 Paris Bike Plan includes new routes
SUSTAINABLE FOOD for cyclists, and namely the express bike network
PLAN ANTICIPATES with wide and comfortable two-way paths. The Paris
A 50% INCREASE IN Pedestrian Plan seeks to better integrate this mode
THE PROPORTION OF of travel, already mainstream in Paris, by offering
ORGANIC FOOD Parisians a more comfortable walking experience
OFFERED IN and increasing the quality of this economical,
efficient and healthy activity, which is not only
MUNICIPAL CATERING
environmentally and business-friendly but helps
FACILITIES WITHIN
improve social relationships and the region’s appeal.
FIVE YEARS.
11– Sustainable urban logistics
With regards to urban logistics, roads remain the
preferred option, with 90% of merchandise being
transported by road. Some 20% of vehicles in Paris
are transporting merchandise. The rise of
e-commerce (20% to 30% growth every year) tends
to significantly increase delivery routes and the
number of vehicles, and the rate of missed
THE SUSTAINABLE deliveries is extremely high. Expanding river and rail
URBAN LOGISTICS transportation, encouraging bulk shipping and
CHARTER, rethinking last-mile delivery are all key
SIGNED IN 2013, considerations. The Sustainable Urban Logistics Biowaste in particular should be
Charter, signed in 2013, endorsed the target of utilized to ensure nitrogen and
IS A PUBLIC-PRIVATE
having 50% of last-mile deliveries carried by phosphorus is returned to soil or,
PARTNERSHIP
non-diesel vehicles in 2017 and 100% by 2020. where possible, to produce
FRAMEWORK THAT
biogas. Repurposing materials
REFLECTS A SHARED should also become more
DESIRE TO OPTIMIZE widespread in the construction
AND MODERNIZE industry.
TRANSPORTATION
AND MERCHANDISE
DELIVERIES IN ORDER
TO LIMIT NOISE AND
OTHER POLLUTION.
IN 2015,
– A zero-waste strategy
A TOTAL OF 22 LOCAL Everyday consumption in Paris produces more than
AUTHORITIES FROM 1.1 million tons of waste every year. After being
THE GREATER PARIS collected, 79% of this waste is sent for incineration,
REGION SIGNED 16% is recycled and the rest ends up in landfills.
THE CIRCULAR Paris’s goal is to adopt a circular economy approach
ECONOMY PACT to limit incoming and outgoing flows. The city’s
TO CARRY OUT zero-waste strategy consists in viewing all waste as a
JOINT ACTIONS resource in order to eliminate the need for landfills
ON URBAN AND or incineration for any waste that can be used for
other purposes. Eco-design can help by taking this
PERI-URBAN
into account as of the production stage.
AGRICULTURE,
Energy-saving and efficient designs that increase
GREEN BUILDING AND
the collective sharing of a good should be
RECOVERED ENERGY promoted. Before recycling and incineration,
AS WELL AS COMMIT certain types of waste are in fact unused resources
TO ECO-FRIENDLY that should be reused, repaired or redistributed
EVENTS. (as will be the case at Paris markets) in order to
repurpose them.
12city and to work together to handle internal and external
– Inclusion and resilience: crises, we believe that innovation in all its forms must be
The New Urban Agenda incorporated into actions for social inclusion and sustainable
Among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set
economic development.
by the UN in May 2016, #11 reminds us of the need to
The City of Paris, which has been a member of the
“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
100 Resilient Cities (100RC) network since 2015,
resilient and sustainable.”
is developing an urban resilience strategy to shore up the
ability of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses
The New Urban Agenda adopted in October 2016 at the
and systems within a city to survive, adapt and grow
HABITAT III Conference in Quito gives priority to social
regardless of the chronic tensions and severe shocks they
inclusion and a vision of cities for all, and especially access to
experience. The strategy seeks to prepare the entire
basic services and participatory democracy. Local authorities’
metropolitan area, over the long term, to deal with crises,
strong involvement shows that their international networks
to adapt and rebuild a stronger foundation through a holistic
are particularly important. Cities are a central part of the
and integrated approach as well as enhancing attributes such
solution and the backbone of transformative actions.
as flexibility, the ability to learn and inclusion.
With regards to resilience, it is clear that there must be a
paradigm shift. For Paris, the issue of resilience, which is
The climate change adaptation strategy adopted by Paris in
dealt with from the standpoint of major risks and
September 2015 sets out an operational plan for actions to
catastrophes, is part of a broader vision that also includes the
protect Parisians against extreme events and to react when
city’s vulnerability to changes in the urban fabric and its social
faced with resource scarcity (water, energy, food, etc.).
and regional environment. To bolster Paris’s resilience, i.e.,
the ability of its residents to live together in a more equitable
13The opportunities:
Digital transformation
The 21st-century convergence of a global shift towards an urbanized world
where people and objects are always connected has completely changed the way
we live in cities.
No aspect of urban life has escaped this transformation. Housing, the environment,
education, culture, transportation, health care, safety, energy, water, waste, as well as
governance and citizen life have all been affected by this dual revolution of uses and
digital technologies.
A strong link has materialized between the multiplicity of smart devices, geolocation
and connected citizens on the go. In this century of cities, our physical world has
become a generator of real-time data. This production is ubiquitous, massive,
decentralized and highly autonomous. It has profoundly changed models of uses and
services as well as economic ones. New life experiences emerge through
groundbreaking uses and services and the intensive use of platforms and data.
Data is at the center of this phenomenon and has become a key resource because it is
accessible to everyone. The spread of open data and coding for all also makes it
possible for non-specialists to imagine new applications. An infinite world of urban
services is now at our fingertips.
14– Urban life and the digital
economy
Urban life has been the catalyst of new paradigms in
recent years: anticipating and understanding
interactions between the systems that make up our
cities with a view to cross-referencing data and
exploiting this information when developing new
applications to facilitate urbanites’ lives. The
importance of data resides in its ability to move
beyond physical objects and systems, instead
focusing on their interactions and 3D printers have substantially
interdependencies. transformed the manufacturing
It is the emergence of new life experiences through process of equipment and
THE HUGE GLOBAL
unprecedented uses and services: multimodal consumer goods. Companies
SUCCESS OF THE mobility, decentralized energy, energy-efficient have begun to share machines
PLATFORM ECONOMY housing, personalized public health, massive online and tools, as reflected in fab labs.
IS BASED ON education, participatory democracy, open Major metropolises are beginning
ITS ABILITY TO governance, collaborative information systems and to see a sort of
TRANSFORM DATA even new sociability models through the sharing re-industrialization. Do-it-yourself
SIMPLY AND economy. The rise of a usage-driven approach (DIY) has brought new social
ACCESSIBLY IN ORDER rather than favoring ownership goes hand in hand practices to collaborative venues.
TO PRODUCE with the power of digital technologies and mass Digital technologies have helped
SERVICES THAT data, thereby speeding up social and urban give hyper-proximity a larger role
transformations. It is also the birth of new in homes, residential buildings
REVOLUTIONIZE OUR
opportunities for value creation by innovative and and neighborhoods. A mindset of
LIVES.
disruptive start-ups and entrepreneurs, which we sharing services has become
encourage and support. more prevalent through
The huge global success of the platform economy is co-managed spaces, such as bike
based on its ability to transform data simply and and stroller storage, shared
accessibly, in order to produce services that gardens, building laundry rooms,
revolutionize our lives. They are omnipresent in our guest rooms, reception halls and
urban lives and have their own social models, which sports facilities. As housing,
has led us to create crucial regulations. digital technologies and
community life converge, the aim
– New urban production modes is no longer just about creating
A MINDSET OF and the pooling of uses new services that make life easier,
SHARING SERVICES With the development of the mobile office, nomadic but about forging social ties with
HAS BECOME MORE employees, new workers/entrepreneurs, tablets, neighbors and through local
PREVALENT THROUGH mobile internet and cloud computing, the activities, which lie at the heart of
CO-MANAGED “workplace” can now be anywhere. This this approach. Digital
SPACES, SUCH AS BIKE transformation is reflected in third spaces, technologies are also important
AND STROLLER co-working spaces, worker mobility and in home automation, smart
STORAGE, SHARED telecommuting. neighborhoods, positive energy
This phenomenon has had considerable impact on buildings, and zero-waste and
GARDENS, BUILDING
the design and management of office spaces as well zero-carbon neighborhoods.
LAUNDRY ROOMS,
as urban development. Functional zoning has
GUESTROOMS,
become obsolete while mixed-use buildings and
RECEPTION HALLS
neighborhoods are spreading. Furthermore,
AND SPORTS factories have also returned to the city.
FACILITIES.
15– Smart transportation and To ensure the entire greater Paris
mobility region benefits from these
Mobility and transportation are two areas where activities, stakeholders must join
the digital revolution is in full swing. GPS has forces to conduct more pilot
transformed the way we travel. The lines between programs, advance regulations
individual transportation and mass transit are being and massively invest to accelerate
blurred through carpooling, car sharing and a the transition towards clean,
plethora of multimodal options. New digital services shared and connected mobility.
help optimize travel through applications that offer
real-time feedback on multimodal transportation. – Reducing our
A profound shift in urban mobility will take shape energy footprint
over the next decade due to the emergence of The installation of sensors and
transportation on demand, a veritable revolution in new data transfer systems within
TO DEVELOP
how we get around cities. buildings will make it possible to
SUSTAINABLE AND In the short term, with the arrival of connected detect malfunctions and
PROFITABLE TOURISM, vehicles, non-motorized transportation has helped encourage users to reduce waste,
PARIS ADOPTED roads become safer and allows for the better thereby achieving major energy
A TOURISM sharing of public spaces. Smart street furniture and savings at the city scale. Using
DEVELOPMENT PLAN new adapted services will contribute to a more digital technologies at the
FOR 2017-2022, inclusive mobility that takes into account users’ building and network level will
WHICH ENGAGES various needs and disabilities. allow energy performance
THE INDUSTRY commitments to be formalized
IN SUSTAINABLE, through contracts and all
stakeholders (real estate
UNITED AND MORE
managers, network operators,
EFFICIENT
users, etc.) to be mobilized to
DEVELOPMENT
reduce our energy dependence.
ACTIONS Its use also creates new solutions
(CLEAN MOBILITY, that pool energy use across
HOTEL AND CATERING several buildings and develops
INDUSTRY INITIATIVES) data storage and deletion
BY MOBILIZING THE capabilities, particularly in order
PARIS INNOVATION to reduce spikes in consumption.
ECOSYSTEM.
– The forthcoming autonomous
transportation revolution
With advances in the fields of mechatronics and
artificial intelligence, self-driving cars are now a
reality. The impacts of this mobility revolution will be
felt in many industries, such as car making, energy,
transportation services, logistics and insurance.
The spread of self-driving cars will make
aboveground parking lots and spaces obsolete,
allowing these areas to be reclaimed for
non-motorized traffic. By fostering the use of
autonomous shuttles instead of individual cars,
urban space will be optimized.
16– Smart public services – Putting urban data to use
Digital technologies aim to New digital technologies considerably increase the
simplify user interactions with data produced by the City’s inhabitants through
public services by facilitating use, various sensors in the urban space (cameras, meters,
saving time and personalizing the motion detectors, etc.). Data is also generated
service provided. In the public through crowdsourcing, such as peer-to-peer
sphere, digital technologies can platforms (e.g., carpooling), voluntary citizen
offer new services to urbanites feedback and passive data collection via
and tourists who are increasingly smartphones, vehicles and other connected devices.
on the move. Free Wi-Fi, Since 2010, the City of Paris has taken a pioneering
communicating information via stance in open data policy with its open data – Digital inclusion
smart street furniture or platform. Its aim is to make all structured data The basic issue of accessibility
customized content on accessible by open license to promote their reuse and digital inclusion also arises
smartphones, and accessibility and generate new applications. The city also with the development of new
solutions for people with supports big data analysis solutions, which is difficult technologies. This not only
disabilities are just a few of the to process with traditional tools, but which can be implies maintaining a
possibilities. Digital technologies made more personalized or participatory, and even multichannel offer of services with
can also stimulate a new local turned from reactive into proactive through user-friendly interfaces, but also
economy driven by predictive and preventative approaches given new expanding access to digital uses.
neighborhood businesses. data science methods and innovative solutions. City employees must also be
Lastly, the city promotes open innovation with its trained to ensure they can assist
partners through data exchanges that are kept users in the use of digital services.
secure and confidential in line with French Data The city must protect citizens
Protection Authority (CNIL) recommendations. against new risks linked to digital
Data is at the core of numerous solutions currently technologies – e.g., data security,
being implemented or still under development, privacy protection – by regulating,
whether for energy and water management, informing and preventing
mobility, using waste as a resource or new competition distortion and
approaches such as data-driven urbanism. They can monopolizations.
also be central to new urban services for education,
They also provide incredibly employment access, new sports and cultural
effective leverage for public activities for all, and to ensure good health,
policies by allowing for a more well-being and a better quality of life.
detailed analysis of citizens’ uses
and expectations. Lastly, they can
improve citizens’ access to public
(open) data, and more broadly,
allow them to be involved in a
process of open government
through which the government
and those who are governed can
forge a new relationship. Instead
of being confined to the classic
decision-maker/opposition
dichotomy, stakeholders can
adopt an approach of co-creation
and joint decision-making. The
demand for direct participation in
decisions has turned the city into
a facilitator, requiring dedicated
infrastructure and specific policies
to manage risk and ensure
inclusion.
17The ambition:
Reinventing the city for all citizens
After the success of the Climate Summit for Local Leaders at COP21 in 2015, the City
of Paris has been part of a strong international momentum to reinvent “the city for all
citizens,” by combining efforts to reduce inequality, bolster urban resilience and
support technological advances.
© Franck Badaire Photographe
Les Halles
18Les grands voisins - Saint-Vincent de Paul (14e)
© Elena Manente_Yes We Camp
THE GRANDS VOISINS
PROJECT
“What if, instead of
boarding up temporarily
vacant buildings, we
New solutions are needed across all Innovation, inclusion and
decided to use them for
bold and generous
urban policies: access to basic resilience are powerful
endeavors? The Grands services, employment and professional driving forces for the
Voisins project demonstrates training (especially for young people), 21st-century city, which
that, in the heart of Paris, it regional development, population prioritizes its residents’
is possible to establish a aging, children, intergenerational quality of life. New
multifunctional space for just solidarity, social diversity, women’s knowledge and
a few years, whose main rights, climate change adaptation, technologies offer
objective is the common greening, biodiversity and nature, remarkable and
good. From housing energy, housing, mobility, education, powerful tools for social,
disadvantaged individuals to healthcare, sports, art and culture, economic, cultural and
hosting associations and
pollution reduction, job creation, environmental progress
solidarity-based businesses,
safety of people and property, refugee to develop social
promoting the presence of
reception, governance and much cohesion, solidarity and
artisans and designers,
sharing tools and working
more. Original economic models and harmonious coexistence.
spaces, creating an innovations in all industries have given These values offer the
innovative public park with cities new opportunities to reduce best protection against
educational, cultural and inequality while promoting more any shock or crisis in an
athletic activities that are harmonious, environmentally friendly urban future, which
open to neighborhood and and resilient development for future remains uncertain, in a
city residents and tourists generations. world in the midst of a
alike, this is what Grands An inclusive city is a city that gives all complete
Voisins is all about! The its citizens the same (good) living transformation.
venue is housed in the conditions and a (positive) future
Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
outlook, regardless of their
Hospital, which will soon be
geographical, ethnic, religious, social,
transformed into an open
cultural, educational or professional
and connected
neighborhood. Come and
background and irrespective of
experience a new kind of their purchasing power, social status,
city life for yourself.” age or disabilities.
Solidarity, participation, democracy,
engagement, citizen identity, as well
as cultural and economic emancipation
are pillars of an inclusive city.
19– The metropolitan emergency
To successfully deal with major economic shifts and,
in particular, competition between other regions at
both the national and international level,
the metropolitan mindset must be strengthened.
Despite the current “administrative divides,”
the Metropolis of Greater Paris must be supported
by an ambitious and altruistic vision in order to be – The Arc de
PARIS HAS built through creative projects that stimulate l’Innovation
PRIORITIZED ITS interregional cooperation. Through this approach, Arc de l’Innovation is the name
WORKING-CLASS the metropolitan project is also about developing given to a group of partner towns
NEIGHBORHOODS and drawing in talented individuals, whether they located along an arc that
WITH THE 2015-2020 are students, researchers, artists, designers or stretches to the north
start-ups, in order to support an open innovation (Porte Pouchet), east and south
CITY CONTRACT,
ecosystem that connects citizens, companies and (Porte de Vanves) of Paris,
WHICH PUTS YOUTH,
local businesses. from Saint-Ouen to Malakoff.
EDUCATION,
It developed from a desire
EMPLOYMENT AND – New negotiated urban among the partner communities
TRAINING, AS WELL AS development to strengthen cooperation
CITIZEN Local and regional government authorities partner between local towns and join
PARTICIPATION AT THE with private stakeholders in a number of ways. forces to build the Metropolis of
FOREFRONT. Government contracts are often an overly restrictive Greater Paris.
framework for this type of dialogue. Partnership The Arc de l’Innovation addresses
agreements have eased some of the constraints; a threefold challenge: economic
however, they also limit the possibilities of development, urban
involvement by other stakeholders. The City of Paris transformation and job creation
wants to open up these frameworks by paving the in working-class neighborhoods
way for new types of partnerships that allow for located on both sides of the ring
greater consideration of users. It is this objective road. The goal is to change how
that prevails in the “Reinventing Paris” international these neighborhoods are
call for projects, a landmark concept in the history of perceived and represented,
city planning which is ushering in a new way to promoting what they have to
“make the city.” By encouraging real estate offer as areas with strong
developers to submit joint bids with associations potential for social, economic
and/or different types of final users and by making and technological innovation
innovation central to the selection criteria, the call so they can become polycentric
for projects fostered unique proposals (which will be hubs within the Greater Paris
THE LOCAL CITY PLAN formalized through contracts) with these region.
(PLU), REVISED IN JULY stakeholders. This new type of public-private
2016, ATTEMPTS TO partnership, lauded for its originality at the
BETTER ADDRESS international level, commits private stakeholders to
implement their proposals, especially those that
FOUR PRIORITIES:
combine users. It also gives the city an important
ENERGY TRANSITION,
role in guaranteeing that these commitments are
IMPROVING AIR
kept. Several projects will hand over management
QUALITY, THE ROLE OF of the venues (shared gardens, community
NATURE IN THE CITY nurseries, etc.) to resident associations, and most
AND CREATING will guarantee spaces open to the public and
AFFORDABLE accessible to all. They are thus reinventing new
HOUSING FOR ALL. forms of shared goods, whose operation is
protected by the public-private partnership
framework.
20– Promoting shared
resources
“Shared resources,” i.e.,
resources that are not governed
by the public sector or market
players, are set up by groups of
people who define a collective
set of guidelines in order to
protect a resource.
The concept of shared resources
makes it possible to free
– Tactical urbanism economic action from an
Tactical urbanism is about combining small-scale approach vacillating between
TACTICAL URBANISM
urban transformation with an approach that uses “more state” and “more private.”
IS BASED ON THREE fewer resources while trying to identify areas that This resource-focused practice
PRINCIPLES: can have a major impact when rolled out citywide. creates an economy built on
SMALL-SCALE, This concept is based on three principles: collective management and
SHORT-TERM AND small-scale, short-term and low-cost actions. protecting resources rather than
LOW-COST ACTIONS. Contrary to large-scale urban development projects, on competition for their
these projects give neighborhood residents and exploitation. Shared resources
users a voice, allowing them to be involved in transfer power and autonomy
making decisions about where they live and taking back to citizens and take into
ownership of urban public spaces. They speed up account the interdependency of
the city’s transformation processes since many ideas all stakeholders and the resource
can be tested and feedback can be gathered more in question. No specific business
quickly, while still maintaining community support. model is imposed on shared
resources; instead, principles
Data-driven urbanism supports this practice by guide their governance and the
using participatory data (from crowdsourcing) to value created from resource use.
prioritize choices and clarify decisions. Real estate projects and
The end goal is to promote greater flexibility, development must become the
temporary installations and agile approaches. opportunity to establish new
This approach has enormous potential by meeting urban shared resources. The aim
REAL ESTATE
the expectations of citizens who want to be more is to create dialogue with
PROJECTS AND
involved in urban programs and by improving the residents and users and involve
DEVELOPMENT MUST areas where they live through the use of powerful them in the co-creation process
BECOME THE digital tools. to give them a sense of
OPPORTUNITY TO Because tactical urbanism makes use of temporary ownership through all project
BUILD NEW URBAN installations, it is a solution that is implemented phases, from design to
SHARED RESOURCES. between major urban projects. This practice gets construction and throughout the
local residents involved during a period of urban project’s lifetime. For this
transition, takes new uses into consideration and approach to work, stakeholders
generates groundbreaking ideas. Rather than being must cultivate trust and treat
a simple stopgap before a definitive project sees each other with respect. It also
the light of day, these activities can become relies on collaborative methods
advantageous mediums for action and reflection in and user-friendly digital tools
order to experience new ways of making the city. accessible to all.
21– The 15-minute city: Putting the
“neighbor” back in neighborhood
WORKING AT
THE BLOCK AND
NEIGHBORHOOD Various neighborhood caretaking
SCALE IS ESSENTIAL concepts have emerged within
the framework of eco-districts as
IN ORDER TO MEET
well as in existing
THE DIFFERENT NEEDS
neighborhoods. The goal is to
OF A SUSTAINABLE,
combine various traditional
RESILIENT AND caretaking services with new
INCLUSIVE CITY. services such as repairs, package
delivery and neighborhood
management. While certain
models are completely profit
driven, others seek to encourage
solidarity and develop services
that are available to all.
Reconciling the demands of a sustainable city as
well as its new rhythms with other ways of living,
working and having fun begins by transforming the
urban environment, which remains highly
monofunctional, with its city center and different
specializations, towards a polycentric city, driven by
four major factors: proximity, social diversity, density
and ubiquity.
In short, it is the notion of a 15-minute city, where
VARIOUS
everything is available to everyone at all times, and
NEIGHBORHOOD where, in less than 15 minutes, residents can access
CARETAKING all their basic needs. Hyper-proximity, where local
CONCEPTS HAVE life meets new uses and services provided by new
EMERGED WITHIN THE and digital technologies, is key to revitalizing urban
FRAMEWORK OF centers. Working at the block and neighborhood
ECO-DISTRICTS AS scale is essential in order to meet the different
WELL AS IN EXISTING needs of a sustainable, resilient and inclusive city.
NEIGHBORHOODS. It reflects the desire of citizens/consumers to become
stakeholders in the local economy, which is built on
local supply chains, services shared between
neighbors, support for local businesses, activities
within every neighborhood and actions to protect
those who are most vulnerable from isolation.
It involves bringing citizens’ expectations in line with
proposed offers and ensuring functional diversity by
developing social, economic and cultural
interactions.
22– Encouraging innovative initiatives
To achieve the targets Paris has set for itself,
especially environmental and health goals, everyone
must do their part. The zero-waste objective cannot
be met if citizens do not adopt environmentally
friendly habits such as recycling and fighting waste.
Similarly, fighting climate change requires numerous
changes at home, at work, in terms of food and
THE CITY’S PRIORITY IS mobility. Other policies, such as obesity prevention,
TO SUPPORT must also be based on encouraging positive
AWARENESS behaviors such as having an active lifestyle.
CAMPAIGNS The city’s priority is to support awareness campaigns
REGARDING ITS regarding its various environmental and health
VARIOUS policies by underpinning them with tools that
ENVIRONMENTAL AND facilitate the adoption of better behaviors.
HEALTH POLICIES.
© David Chipperfield Architects
MORLAND, MIXITE CAPITALE
Possibilities include games and contests
(gamification) such as challenges between buildings
or neighborhoods and various types of awards that
are part of a virtuous environment.
Digital technologies make sharing these practices
easier and help in mobilizing the masses quickly
and effectively. These behavioral changes also
need to be part of a comprehensive and long-term
civic- and citizen-driven process.
232
MAJOR
OBJECTIVES,
PROJECTS AND
TANGIBLE
ACTIONS
24Combining collective human intelligence with
technology gives us the means to create a city of
tomorrow and rise to the challenges that we face
in 2020 and beyond. The year 2020 is an essential
milestone that marks a turning point in the industrial
and energy transition that is transforming the city and
surrounding area. Paris has all the resources it needs to
support this transition. Therefore, our wish is that
everyone – residents, families, students, employees,
entrepreneurs, innovators, researchers, artisans,
business owners and corporate groups –
participates in a shared project with a collective vision
into which we can pour all our energy.
Our vision of Smart and Sustainable Paris is based on
three major pillars: the open city, the connected city
and the sustainable city. Each one of these brings value
and resources to the comprehensive approach that
will help develop the new trajectory of this
21st-century metropolis. Data use and governance
will also influence these three dimensions for
the city of tomorrow.
25One city, three pillars,
one goal
A new urban world has emerged at the crossroads of societal needs, urbanism
and ambient intelligence, with technological revolutions already in full swing.
A smart and sustainable Paris embodies social, ecological, cultural, economic
and technological convergences with the citizen at its center. It works and
is interconnected with projects in other cities in France, Europe and the world.
- Open innovation
- Open data
- Open governance
- Citizen participation
- Innovative ecosystem
Connected Open
- Digital services
- User relations
- Digital inclusion
and new digital
City
careers
- Platforms and
applications
- Internet of
Things (IoT)
Sustainable
- Town planning - Greening
- Energy and networks - Climate Plan and
- Mobility and logistics Climate Change
- Circular economy, Adaptation Plan
waste and recycling - Resilience
26– A method: The Open City The Connected City relies on modernization and extends the
reach of the municipal administration to accommodate new
uses by both residents and visitors. New digital services and
platforms will enable interoperability and information
exchange. It draws its strength from adaptable infrastructures
designed to meet current needs.
– The goal: The Sustainable City
Paris’s intelligence comes first and foremost from Parisians’
intelligence, and it is the city’s method of open innovation
that sets it apart from other global metropolises. This
principle shapes the strategy and actions Paris adopted for
2020 and beyond that encourage citizen participation, open
data and project co-creation. Open innovation is based on
the belief that the solutions of tomorrow will emerge through
collective intelligence and the collaboration between public
stakeholders, businesses, researchers and citizens. It places
people at the core of the system by giving them the means The Sustainable City is a place where technology serves
to understand and take ownership of the material and data people, improving their inclusion in city life by allowing them
flows that traverse the city. to be involved in creating public services and policy
decision-making processes. It is a place where different
networks work together towards one goal: making everyone’s
lives better every day. The sustainable city meets economic,
social, cultural and environmental imperatives: it is a
– Tools: The Connected City post-carbon city, a value creator, and a benevolent and
inclusive force.
It rethinks how its networks, development and urban flows
operate to optimize and save resources. It proposes
innovative practices with regards to urban renewal and
development, consumption (circular economy, energies,
production flows, etc.), and network and mobility
interconnectedness by using the methods of the Open City
and the tools of the Connected City.
Digital technologies have become a source of inspiration for
many uses within a reality that will be changed by these
technologies. In the connected city, networks,
hyper-connectivity and the Internet of Things form a network
through which information becomes instantly accessible and
citizen initiatives are able to emerge, which alter their
relationships with the city and its governance.
These interdependent objectives are reflected in a number of major actions and
projects. A few key examples are described below and will be further developed
by 2020 and beyond.
27The Open City
An approach that places people at the center of our process. It is founded on
collaborative methods and relies on the collective intelligence of its residents,
users, municipal officials and socioeconomic stakeholders. It ensures
information sharing and implements constant interaction in order to maintain
a collaborative process:
—
STIMULATING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
AND COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS
EXCHANGING, SHARING AND CO-CREATING WITH FRENCH AND
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS, SCIENTISTS AND ACADEMICS
STRENGTHENING THE PARISIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
Promoting public innovation
—
28——Stimulating citizen participation
and collaborative projects
Involving Parisians in designing and implementing public policies in urban projects is a
key priority. Smart and Sustainable Paris considers systematic and thorough cooperation
with residents on all projects to be one of its core values. It achieves this through
measures that encourage strong citizen participation and collaboration. In its approach
as an open, participative, vibrant and creative city, Paris strives to promote citizen
initiatives and the expression of city life in all its forms. The co-creation of urban projects
also depends on the development of dynamic ecosystems. By ensuring their long-term
500
success, we will be able to see the transformative potential of everyone’s contributions
so that the city and all urban spaces become an open-air platform for transformation.
MILLION
EUROS
INVESTED
by 2020 in projects
chosen by Parisians
through the Participatory
Budgeting program
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
SSParticipatory budgeting: launched in 2015 (5% of the City of Paris’s investment
budget). 158,000 participants in 2016. In 2016, participatory budgeting was also
launched in schools.
SSDigital platforms for citizen participation in decision-making and city life:
--Formulating ideas and developing proposals:
idee.paris, an open platform for proposals and ideas.
ssCreation of the imaginons.paris.
Citizen Card. This card, Development of the e-petition system.
available for all residents --Engaging and participating in citizen life:
7 years old and up, jemengage.paris, the platform for citizen volunteering.
is a tool to encourage Participating on paris.fr: make suggestions, discuss different topics,
the inclusive development act and follow the citizen’s agenda.
of citizen identity in our Crowdfunding to create leveraging for structures supported by the city.
city. It offers a wide range --Improving urban life: revamping the DansMaRue (“On my street”) application to report
of civic, cultural and problems in public spaces (or provide suggestions: 3,000 reports per month).
community benefits. SSStaying involved with the Paris City Council and its proceedings:
--Watch Paris City Council proceedings live.
--Improved archiving of proceedings.
--Live computer graphics during the deliberations at Paris City Council proceedings.
Completed during current term Underway Forthcoming (during current term)
29CO-CREATION
WITH INNOVATION STAKEHOLDERS
SSPartners Committee: launched in 2015, this group brings together more than
400 representatives from economic stakeholders (corporate groups, intermediate-sized
enterprises, SMBs, startups, associations, architects, city planners, etc.) who
participated in working groups on issues such as energy, mobility, waste management,
recycling and innovative urbanism.
SSOrganization of collaborative and cooperative workshops open to economic
stakeholders, associations and Paris residents (Hackathon and Meetup) on themes
related to city-led projects: mobility, mobile services, press kiosks, touchscreen
contests, the new local economy, circular economy mapping, employment, greening,
participatory budgeting and the Vélib’ bike sharing program.
Completed during current term Underway Forthcoming (during current term)
30——Exchanging, sharing and co-creating
with French and international researchers,
scientists and academics
Paris’s academic renown, its research excellence, the city’s constant openness to the
national and international scientific community at every level, and its active presence in
high-level international networks are points of pride for our city.
Paris welcomes students, academics and scientists from around the world. It is simply
part of its DNA. Paris’s intelligence is also forged by looking beyond its borders to
attract the best and brightest, which is essential in order to continue to enhance
creativity, ingenuity and the ability of each of us to continually be better.
370
INSTITUTIONS
of higher education,
including 8 universities
338,000
STUDENTS IN PARIS
(including 50,000 foreign
students)
RESEARCH FUNDING
via the municipal
EMERGENCES program:
a grant budget of
€2,648,000 A CONSTANT DRIVE FOR SCIENCE,
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
awarded to between
10 and 15 recipients SSThe City of Paris Scientific Advisory Board: This body issues opinions on dossiers and
per year questions it receives for consideration and submits proposals and recommendations
to City Hall.
SSCIFRE (Industrial Agreements for Training through Research) partnership grants.
Through this program, the City of Paris hires between 10 and 20 young doctoral
candidates every year to not only provide them with recognized professional
experience, but also benefit from their expertise and research.
SSExpertise from schools in Paris (EIVP engineering school, ESPCI Paris science and
engineering school, and École du Breuil horticulture school).
Completed during current term Underway Forthcoming (during current term)
31STRENGTHENED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE CITY AND
THE SCIENTIFIC AND ACADEMIC WORLD
SSCo-creator of a “Labor Chair” led by the Paris School of Economics, a multi-year
academic research program on labor whose objective is to contribute to social debate
and policy decisions.
SSPartner of the “Philosophy in Hospitals” Chair created in early 2016 at the Hôtel-Dieu
ssA circular economy Hospital, dedicated to disseminating knowledge about public health and health care
commitment charter for issues, led by the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), École Normale
student life and academic Supérieure (ENS) and Paris Descartes University.
stakeholders, with efforts
that include research on SSParis Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS): The IAS was founded by the Fondation
the quality of compost Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH), École des Hautes Études en Sciences
from municipal and Sociales (EHESS), and École Normale Supérieure (ENS) and is supported by the City of
neighborhood composters Paris. This research center in the field of human and social sciences as well as related
and the commitment of disciplines, offers world-renowned academics and scientists opportunities to live in
student associations to Paris for five to nine months for their research.
move towards creating
zero-waste campuses and ENCOURAGING RESEARCH PROJECTS,
a sharing economy. INNOVATION AND DISSEMINATING SCIENTIFIC CULTURE
SSAs part of national and European co-funding programs (PIA, ERDF, H2020, URBACT,
LIFE+, ANR and FUI, among others), development of partnerships with research
laboratories, companies and other French and European cities.
SSA call for proposals to promote the dissemination and sharing of scientific culture to
as many people as possible through projects around Paris. It is aimed at associations,
cooperatives, foundations, public agencies, research organizations and universities.
SSSupport for citizen science initiatives.
ssThe City of Paris won
the bid for the ERDF
“Urban Innovative
Actions” call for proposals
to develop an innovative
approach to energy
governance in the Clichy
Batignolles eco-district. The
winning project, called
Co-Responsibility in District
Energy Efficiency &
Sustainability (CoRDEES), is
being managed by the city
and was designed in
cooperation with
© L’autre Image
companies, a research
laboratory and the local
ESPCI
neighborhood city planner.
http://www.uia-initiative.eu
Completed during current term Underway Forthcoming (during current term)
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