"SOCIAL NETWORK" ADDIO? - INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES MADE FOR HUMANS - IVLUG - IVREA LINUX USERS GROUP
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"Social Network" Addio?
Information and Communication Technologies Made for Humans
Norberto Patrignani
Ivrea, 27 Ottobre 02018
1 / 44
"The code I’m still ashamed of" Source: Bill Sourour, "The code I’m still ashamed of", FreeCodeCamp, 13 November 2016, https://medium.freecodecamp.org/ 2 / 44
One of the projects I was assigned to involved a drug that was targeted at women
... the website made it clear that the client wanted to specifically target teenage girls.
One of the features of this website was a quiz that asked girls a series of questions and recommended a type of
drug based on their answers. When I received the requirements, they contained the questions for the quiz,
along with multiple choice answers for each question.
... what rules determined what treatment the quiz would recommend?
I spoke to the Account Manager about this. She emailed the client and got me the requirements.
With those, I proceeded to code up the quiz.
“Well, it seems that no matter what I do, the quiz recommends the client’s drug as the best possible treatment.
The only exception is if I say I’m allergic. Or if I say I am already taking it.”
The client was extremely pleased with the site.
So much so that their rep invited me and the entire team out to a fancy steak dinner.
The day of the dinner, shortly before leaving the office, a colleague emailed me a link to a news report online.
It was about a young girl who had taken the drug I’d built the website for.
She had killed herself.
It turned out that among the main side effects of that drug were severe depression and suicidal thoughts.
... I’ve never felt okay about writing that code.
Not long after that dinner, I resigned.
As developers, we are often one of the last lines of defense against potentially dangerous and unethical practices.
We’re approaching a time where software will drive the vehicle that transports your family to soccer practice.
There are already AI programs that help doctors diagnose disease.
It’s not hard to imagine them recommending prescription drugs soon, too.
The more software continues to take over every aspect of our lives, the more important it will be for us
to take a stand and ensure that our ethics are everpresent in our code.
Since that day, I always try to think twice about the effects of my code before I write it.
I hope that you will too.
UPDATE 2018: I am now a member of the ACM and adhere to their 2018 Code of Etihcs.
3 / 44
17 July 2018 4 / 44
Le tecnologie dell'informazione
sono arrivate a plasmare la società ed il pianeta
in modo inquietante,
sono parte integrante della sfida dell'Antropocene
Per affrontare queste sfide
la filiera del datoinformazioneconoscenza
deve passare ad una visione sistemica dell'Infosfera
sviluppando tecnologie
socialmente desiderabili,
ambientalmente sostenibili e
eticamente accettabili.
5 / 44
Mobile Lovers
Source: Bansky, street artist. Clement Street, Bristol
6 / 44
Cloud Computing: Back to the Future
Input
Storage
Processing
Output Terminals Host HostCentric
Network
Computing
Input
Storage
Processing
Output
Host Distributed, Client/Server
Network PCs Computing
Input
Storage
Processing
Output
Network TouchScreens Cloud
Host Computing
"... At the heart of the change,
the next 20 years will be
intelligence drawn from information
Information will be the ‘oil of the 21st century’.
... It will be the resource running our economy
in ways not possible in the past."
Peter Sondergaard
Gartner Symposium/ITxpo 2010,
October 1721, Orlando
8 / 44
Knowledge
Information
Data
Source: V.Springel / MaxPlanckInstitute for
Source: sciencegl.com, timesofscience.com
9 / 44
Astrophysics
Designed to Addict Us
Titans of Web,
have produced amazing products ...
But these companies are also trying to capture our finite attention,
which they need to make money.
...they must use increasingly persuasive techniques to keep us glued.
They point Artificial IntelligenceIdriven news feeds, content, and notifications at our minds,
continually learning how to hook us more deeply from our own behavior.
Unfortunately,
what's best for capturing our attention
isn't best for our wellbeing:
Snapchat turns conversations into streaks, redefining how our children measure friendship.
Instagram glorifies the pictureperfect life, eroding our self worth.
Facebook segregates us into echo chambers, fragmenting our communities.
YouTube autoplays the next video within seconds, even if it eats into our sleep.
...
These are not neutral products.
They are part of a system designed to addict us.
Source: http://humanetech.com/problem/
10 / 44No Other Media has...
Source: http://humanetech.com/problem/
11 / 44Source: www.forbes.com, 2018, accesse 14 October 2018 12 / 44
1797: Der Zauberlehrling
(The Sorcerer's Apprentice)
F.Barth, Der Zauberlehrling, 1882
P.Dukas, L'Apprenti Sorcier, 1897
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
(17491832)
W.Disney, Fantasia, 1940
Source: Josef Raabe Portrait of Goethe, WallrafRichartzMuseum, Cologne 13 / 44Autonomous Vehicles (2017)
Source: http://www.thecarconnection.com
14 / 44Ethics' Knob?
Immanuel Kant
(1724 1804)
DEONTOLOGISM
OFF CONSEQUENTALISM
John Stuart Mill
RELATIVISM (1806 1873)
Baruch Spinoza
(1632 1677)
15 / 44Deciding
is a Computational activity,
something that can ultimately be programmed.
16 / 44
Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976Choosing
is the product of Judgment, not Calculation.
It is the capacity to Choose that ultimately makes us Human.
17 / 44
Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 19761976: Joseph Weizenbaum
Joseph Weizenbaum
(Berlin, 1923 Berlin, 2008)
Weizenbaum's 3 Moral Laws of the Information Society
1. Human functions that require
judgement, respect, understanding, caring and love
ought not to be substituted by computers
2. Applications which have irreversible and not entirely foreseeable side effects,
that do not meet pressing human needs,
ought not to be undertaken without very careful forethought.
3. IT is a matter of human choice and responsibility.
Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976 18 / 44CoShaping
between Information Technology & Society
19 / 441985: Computers as SocioTechnical Systems
Deborah Johnson
"Recognition that technology is not just artifacts,
but rather artifacts embedded in social practices
and infused with social meaning,
is essential to understanding
the connection between Ethics and IT"
Deborah Johnson, 1985
2015: Weizenbaum Award
"... for her lifelong contributions to information and computer ethics"
Source: Johnson, D. (1985), Computer Ethics, First Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall;
20 / 44Reclaiming Conversation
21 / 44GOOD ICT?
Good ICT
ICT can be Good for Human Beings
When the Systems are Designed using a HumanCentred approach
Complex Interactions of the Human Being and ICT.
Experiences can be enjoyable only if
the System and the HumanComputer Interfaces are
designed taking into account Human Limits.
Competences Needed: HumanComputer Interaction,
DesignforAll,
eInclusion,and Methods such as Participatory Design.
22 / 44Il ruolo dell'educazione
Per un'Ecologia dell'Infosfera
Diventa urgente educare i più giovani all’uso responsabile delle tecnologie in rete.
E' molto utile il decalogo “Muri mediatici, industria dell’odio, buone pratiche per contrastarli”
prodotto da Articolo21 e dalla Rivista San Francesco:
Non scrivere degli altri quello che non vorresti fosse scritto di te,
Non temere le rettifiche,
Dai voce ai più deboli,
Impara a ‘dare i numeri’ (sostenere con argomenti le proprie posizioni),
Le parole sono pietre, usale per costruire ponti,
Diventa ‘scorta mediatica’ della verità,
Non pensare di essere il centro del mondo,
Il Web è un bene prezioso – Sfruttalo in modo corretto,
Connettiti con le persone,
Porta il messaggio nelle nuove piazze digitali.”
Articolo21 (2018),
Firmato ad Assisi manifesto contro muri mediatici promosso da Articolo 21 e Rivista San Francesco,
www.articolo21.org.
23 / 44Planet
24 / 44"Dipinte in queste rive
son dell’umana gente
le magnifiche sorti e progressive"
Giacomo Leopardi
La Ginestra, 1836
25 / 44"Club di Roma, 1972"
William W. Behrens III, Jay W. Forrester,
Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows,
Jørgen Randers, 1972
Source: "The Limits to Growth", Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jørgen Randers, William W. Behrens III, Universe Books, 1972 26 / 44Clean ICT?
High Tech generates Toxic Hazards throughout its entire lifecycle
(including Design, Production, Consumption and Disposal)
Consider the Environmental impact (the Materials involved,
Chip Manufacturing, Power Consumption of Data Centres and Devices,
ICT Applications, eWaste Management and Recycling)
Is ICT Exponential Growth Sustainable?
Maybe we need Paradigms based on Cycles? "Circular Economy"?
27 / 44How Clean Is Your Cloud? Source: How Clean Is Your Cloud?, Greenpeace, 2012 28 / 44
Agbogbloshie (Accra), Ghana, Africa Source: Agbogbloshie: the world's largest ewaste dump, The Guardian, 2013 29 / 44
Global CO2 Emissions
Source. www.shell.com/scenairos, 2013
30 / 44By 2030 ICT can reduce
Global CO2 Emissions: +1,25 12,1 = 10,85 GtCO2
3
GtCO2
End-users Devices 2
Voice & Data Networks
1 0,59
Data Centers
0,3
0,36 0
0
0
-1 -1,8
-2
-3
-3,6
-4
Manufacturing
-5
-6 Buildings
-2
-7
Agriculture
-8
-2
-9
Transportation
10,85 GtCO2 = -10
-2,7 Power
-11
19,7% of Global GHG in 2050
(55GtCO2) -12
-13
Source: Global eSustainability Initiative, 2015
31 / 44The challenge for the next 10 Years
Source: FROM SMART TO SENSELESS: The Global Impact of 10 Years of Smartphones, Greenpeace, 2017
32 / 44Internet of Things
enabler of
Circular Economy?
Source: World Economic Forum report: Intelligent Assets, Unlocking the Circular Economy Potential, 2016
33 / 44Source: Guide to Greener Electronics 2017, Greenpeace, 17 October 2017
34 / 44SlowTech Case Study
Fairphone.com
A Smartphone with Social Values:
that pays attention to Mining, Design, Manufacturing, Lifecycle
Source: www.fairphone.com
35 / 44Fair ICT
Source: www.fairphone.com
36 / 442015: Definition for the Computing Professional
"... Revised Definition for the Computing Professional:
Given the reach of ICT in our lives, it is important for an ICT Professional to be:
Technically Strong
(in order to use the Right Technology for the Relevant Problem)
Ethically Grounded
(to ensure that Technology is put to the Right Use),
Socially Conscious
(so that the technical solution takes into consideration elements of Sustainability)
Business Savvy
(to ensure commercial viability which is required for Social Prosperity and
Funding of new Developments)" (pag.47).
IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing)
"Global Industry Council (GIC) 2020 Skill Assessment Report
August 2015
37 / 44progettiamo sistemi tecnicamente affidabili... e
socialmente desiderabili,
ambientalmente sostenibili,
eticamente accettabili.
38 / 4439 / 44 Source: Palrgrave, 2018
Dal Coding
alla Saggezza Digitale
Digital Literacy Digital Wisdom
Scientific Method Digital Identity
Problem Solving OnLife (online & offline blending)
Computational Thinking Ethical Hackers
Coding Slow Tech
40 / 44Una storiadistorie
per un'introduzione gentile
all'informatica
41 / 44
Source: Loccioni, 2018"In 2018, we still believe
that it's acceptable
for companies to maximise their profits,
regardless of the social, environmental and human
consequences"
Tim O'Reilly
Do More, Do Things That Were Previously Impossible!
SxSW, 9 March 2018
Tim O'Reilly
42 / 44"Può l'industria darsi dei fini?
Si trovano questi semplicemente
nell'indice dei profitti?"
Adriano Olivetti
Discorso "Ai lavoratori di Pozzuoli"
per l’inaugurazione dello stabilimento di Pozzuoli, 23 Aprile 1955
in A.Olivetti (1959), "Citta' dell’uomo", Edizioni di Comunita', Milano
Adriano Olivetti
(19011960)
Source: Archivio Storico Olivetti, www.acroliv.org
43 / 44Grazie!
ICT, Made for Humans
Norberto Patrignani
Ivrea, 27 Ottobre 02018
44 / 44You can also read
